Chapter XL: Appendix: On Authorities (2)

Of modern works treating of this period, many monographs, dealing with particular points, have been mentioned in notes in the course of the narrative. Of general guides to the period the best by far are Stubbs and Pauli. STUBBS'S _Constitutional History_ (vol. ii.) is as valuable for the chapters summarising the political history as for the more strictly constitutional matter. R. PAULI'S _Geschichte von England_, iii., 489-896, and iv., 1-505, 716-741, remains, after half a century, the fullest and most satisfactory working up in detail of these reigns, though the great additions to our material make parts of it a somewhat unsafe guide. It can be supplemented for particular aspects of history by the following: For legal history, POLLOCK and MAITLAND'S _History of English Law before the time of Edward I._, especially vol. i., book i. (chapters iv.-vi.), and book ii.; and most of vol. ii.; to which should be added the prefaces by Prof. Maitland and others to the volumes of the Selden Society. MAITLAND'S _Roman Canon Law in the Church of England_ (1898) is also of great importance. For economic history, W.J. ASHLEY'S _Economic History_, parts i. and ii.; W. CUNNINGHAM's _Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Early and Middle Ages_; VINOGRADOFF'S _Villainage in England_, S. DOWELL'S _History of Taxation_ (2nd edition), H. HALL'S _Customs Revenue of England_, and, as a collection of materials, J.E. THOROLD ROGERS' _History of Agriculture and Prices_, vols. i. and ii. For ecclesiastical history, W.R.W. STEPHENS'S _History of the English Church, 1066-1272_; W.W. CAPES'S _History of the English Church in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries_, and F. MAKOWER'S _The Constitutional History and Constitution of the Church of England_ (translated from the German). For academic history, DENIFLE'S _Entstehung der Universitäten des Mittelalters bis 1400_, especially pp. 1-40, 237-251 (Oxford) and pp. 367-376 (Cambridge), HAURÉAU'S _Histoire de la Philosophie scholastique_ and RASHDALL'S _Universities of the Middle Ages_, i., 1-74, and ii., part ii. (Oxford and Cambridge). For military history, KÖHLER'S _Entwickelung des Kriegswesens in der Ritterzeit_, OMAN'S _History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages_, CLARK'S _Mediæval Military Architecture_, and (above all) J.E. MORRIS'S _Welsh Wars of Edward I_. For naval history, NICOLAS'S _History of the Royal Navy_, and C. DE LA RONCIÈRE'S _Histoire de la Marine Française_. For particular reigns the following may be found useful: For Henry III., PETIT-DUTAILLIS'S _Étude sur Louis VIII._, GASQUET'S _Henry III. and the Church_ (1905), BÉMONT'S _Simon de Montfort_, PROTHERO'S _Simon de Montfort_, and BLAAUW'S _Barons' Wars_ (2nd ed., 1871). For the reign of Edward I., SEELEY's _Life and Reign of Edward I._ (1872), my _Edward I._; GOUGH'S _Itinerary of Edward I._, MAXWELL'S _Robert the Bruce_ (Heroes of the Nations), and MORRIS'S above-mentioned _Welsh Wars of Edward I._ For some aspects of Edward II.'s reign, STUBBS'S prefaces to _Chronicles of Edward I. and Edward II._ are of special value. For Edward III.'s reign, BARNES's _History of Edward III._ (1688) is not quite superseded by LONGMAN'S _Life and Times of Edward III._ (2 vols., 1869), and MACKINNON'S _History of Edward III._ (1900). For the Hundred Years' War, E. DÉPREZ'S _Préliminaires de la Guerre de Cent Ans_ (1328-1342) (Bibl. de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1902) for diplomatic history, and DENIFLE's _Désolation des Églises et Monastères de la France pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans_ (ii., part i., 1899) for the best general survey of the war to 1380. See also LUCE'S _La Jeunesse de Bertrand de Guesclin and La France pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans_, and (for Brittany) A. DE LA BORDERIE'S _Histoire de Brétagne_ (1899). The end of Edward III.'s reign is illustrated by S. ARMITAGE SMITH'S _John of Gaunt_ (1904), J. LECHLER'S _Wiclif und die Vorgeschichte der Reformation_ (2 vols., 1873), also translated, not very adequately, _Wycliffe and His English Precursors_ (1878 and 1881), F.D. MATTHEW'S introduction to _Wyclif's English Works_ (Early English Text Society), and R.L. POOLE'S _Illustrations of the History of Mediæval Thought_ (1884), and _Wycliffe_ (1889). G.M. TREVELYAN's _England in the Age of Wycliffe_ (1899) is interesting but not always very scholarly.

Some account of the general foreign history of the period can be found in LAVISSE and RAMBAUD'S _Histoire générale_ (tomes ii. and iii.), LOSERTH'S _Geschichte des späteren Mittelalters_ (good bibliographies), and, briefly, in my _Papacy and Empire_ (up to 1273), and LODGE'S _Close of the Middle Ages_ (after 1273). For French history of the period LAVISSE'S _Histoire de France_ (iii., pt. i., 1137-1226, by A. LUCHAIRE; iii., pt. ii., 1226-1328, by C.V. LANGLOIS, and iv., pt. i., 1328-1422, by A. COVILLE) cover the whole of the period. More detailed works are, PETIT-DUTAILLIS'S _Louis VIII._, E. BERGER'S _Blanche de Castile_, WALLON'S _Louis IX._, BOUTARIC'S _Saint Louis et Alfonse de Poitiers_, C.V. LANGLOIS'S _Philippe le Hardi_, BOUTARIC'S _France sous Philippe le Bel_, LEHUGEUR'S _Philippe le Long_, PETIT'S _Charles de Valois_, FOURNIER'S _Royaume d'Arles et de Vienne_, L. DELISLE'S _Hist. de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte_, and (for the south) the new edition of DE VIC and VAISSÈTE's _Hist. générale de Languedoc_. Much recent work has been done by French scholars towards the reconstruction of the external history of England during the whole of our period. For the Low Countries, PIRENNE'S _Hist. de Belgique_, ii., ASHLEY'S _James and Philip van Artevelde_, and VANDER KINDERE'S _Le Siècle des Arteveldt_. PAULI is good for the relations of England and Germany.

Maps illustrating the period are to be found in POOLE'S _Oxford Historical Atlas_, LONGNON'S _Atlas historique de la France_, and SPRUNER-MENKE'S _Historischer Hand-Atlas_; special maps of Edward I.'s Scottish expeditions in GOUGH'S _Itinerary of Edward I._, of Edward III.'s and the Black Prince's campaigns in THOMPSON'S _Chronicon Galfridi le Baker_, and KERVYN'S _Froissart_, of John of Gaunt's in ARMITAGE-SMITH's _John of Gaunt_, and of Wales in the thirteenth century in _Owens College Historical Essays_. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE'S _Tableau de la Géographie de la France_ (LAVISSE, _Hist. de France_, i., pt. i.) is instructive for the physical features of the campaigns of the Hundred Years' War.

Further details as to English authorities, ancient and modern, can be found in GROSS'S excellent Sources _and Literature of English History_ (1900). The _Monumenta Germaniæ Historica_, _Scriptores_, vols. xxvii., xxviii., consist of excerpts from English writers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; the introductions (in Latin) by Pauli and Liebermann contain noteworthy estimates of the works from which the extracts are taken.

NOTE TO PAGES 390-92.

My reasons for my account of the battle of Poitiers demand longer explanation than can be given in a footnote. Like most modern writers, I have based my narrative on the _Chronicle_ of Geoffrey le Baker as expounded by Sir E.M. Thompson, though I agree with Professor Oman in holding that Baker's "ampla profundaque vallis et mariscus, torrente quodam irriguus," must be the valley of the Miausson. I also, however, agree with Father Denifle in not setting great store on Chandos Herald, though I would not reject him altogether, as all prudent writers must reject Froissart. My conjectural account of the movements of the armies is an attempt to combine Baker with what may be true in the Herald. I hope elsewhere to be able to justify my narrative at length.

INDEX.

Aachen. Abbeville. Aberconway Abbey. Aberdeen. Aberdeen, John Barbout, Archdeacon of. See Barbour, John. Abergavenny, town, castle and lordship. Abergavenny, Lords of. See Hastings. Aberystwyth. Abingdon. Abingdon, Edmund of. See Rich, Edmund. Acre. Acre, Joan of. See Joan. Acton Burnell. Adolf of Nassau, King of the Romans. Adour, the river. Agen. Agenais, the. Agnelius of Pisa. Aigueblanche, Peter of, Bishop of Hereford. Aiguillon. Albemarle, William of Fors, Earl of. Albemarle and Devon, Isabella of Fors, Countess of. Albigenses, the. Albert the Great. Albret, Lord of. Aldgate. Alencon, Count of. Alexander II., King-of Scots. Alexander III., King of Scots. Alexander, son of Alexander III of Scotland. Alexander IV., Pope. Alexander of Hales. See Hales. Alfonso X., King of Castile. Alfonse of France, Count of Poitiers. Alice, Countess of Lancaster. Alice of Lusignan. Aliens. Almaine, Henry of. See Henry of Almaine. "Almaines, The." Almond, the river. Alnwick Castle. Alton Castle. Amadeus III., Count of Savoy. Amesbury. Amice, mother of the elder Simon de Montfort. Amiens, cathedral; mise of; treaty of. Amory, Roger of. Anagni. Andrew, St. Anne of Brittany. Angers. Anglesey. Anglia, East. Angoulême. Angoulême, Isabella, Countess of. See Isabella, Queen of England. Angoumois. Anjou. Anjou, Charles of. See Charles. Anjou, Louis, Duke of. See Louis. Annandale. Antrim. Antwerp. Apulia. Aquinas, St. Thomas. Aquitaine, See also Gascony. Aquitaine, Dukes of. See under the Kings of England. Aquitaine, Edward, Prince of. See Edward the Black Prince. Aquitaine, Eleanor of. Aragon. Aragon, James, King of. See James. Aragon, Peter, King of. See Peter. Archers, English; Welsh; Scottish. Architecture, gothic; ecclesiastical; domestic; military; "decorated" style, "flamboyant"; "perpendicular"; Norman; French. Arden, forest of. Argenton. Aristotle. Armagh, Archbishop of. See Fitzralph, Richard. Armagnac, Counts of. Armagnac, John, Count of. Arnold, T., his edition of _Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey_. Art. _See_ also Architecture. Artevelde, James van. Arthur I., Count of Brittany. Arthur II., Duke of Brittany. Arthur, King. Arthurian Legend, the _Articuli super cartas_. Artois. Artois, Blanche of. See Blanche. Artois, Maud, Countess of. See Maud. Artois, Robert of. See Robert. Arundel, the Countess of. Arundel, Edmund Fitzalan, Earl of. Arundel, Richard Fitzalan, Earl of. Arvon. Ashley, W.J., his _Economic History_; his _James and Philip van Artevelde_. Assisi. Athenry, battle of. Athis, treaty of. Athol, David of Strathbolgie, Earl of. Auberoche, battle of. Aubigny, Philip of. Aude, the river. Audley, Hugh of. Audley, Earl of Gloucester. See Gloucester. Audley, James (1258). Audley, James (d. 1369). Audleys of Shropshire. Audrehem, Marshal. Aumâle, Counts of, See also Albemarle. Auray; battle of; Church of St. Michael. _Ausculta, Fili_, bull. Austin Canons of Lanercost. Austin Friars. Austria. Austria, Duke of. Auvergne. Auvergne, Counts of. Auvézère, the river. Avalon, Hugh of. See Hugh, St. Avesbury, Robert of, chronicler. Avesnes; house of. Avesnes, William of. See William, Count of Hainault. Avignon, the papal court at; records of Popes of. Avon, the river. Axholme. Ayermine, William, Bishop of Norwich. Aymer of Valence, Bishop of Winchester. Aymer of Valence, Earl of Pembroke. See Pembroke. Ayr.

"Babylonish Captivity, the." Bacon, Roger. Bacon, Robert. Badenoch, John Comyn, lord of, See Comyn. Badlesmere, Bartholomew, Lord. Badlesmere, Lady. Baker, Geoffrey le, _Chronicle_ of. "Balance of Power," the. Baldock (town). Baldock, Ralph, chancellor and bishop of London. Baldock, Robert, chancellor. Baldwin, Count of Flanders, Latin Emperor of the East. Ball, John, Balliol, Edward, eldest son of King John of Scotland. Balliol, John (d. 1269). Balliol, John, lord of Barnard Castle, and of Galloway, son of the above, See also John, King of Scots. Balsham, Hugh, Bishop of Ely. Barnburgh Castle. Bampton in the Bush. Banaster, Adam. Banbury. Banff. Bankers, foreign; Jewish; Italian. Bannatyne club, publications of the. Bannock, the river. Bannockburn, battle of. Bar, Joan of. See Joan. Bar, Count of. Barbavera. Barbezieux. Barbour, John, _Bruce_. Bardi, the. Bardolf, William. Barfleur. Bar-gate, the, Lincoln. Barnard Castle. Barnes's _History of Edward III_. Barnwell. Barnwell, Canon of. Barons' war, the. Barres, William des. Basset, Gilbert. _Bastides_. _Bastilles_. Bath. Bath and Wells, Bishop of. See Burnell, Robert; Drokensford; Shrewsbury, Ralph of, and Harewell, John. Battle Abbey, chronicle of. Battles of ---- Athenry. Auberoche. Auray. Ayr. Bannockburn. Boroughbridge. Bourgneuf Bay. Cassel. Chalon. Chesterfield. Cocherel. Corte Nuova. Courtrai. Crecy. Dupplin Moor. Dunbar. Dundalk. Evesham. Falkirk. Halidon Hill. La Rochelle. Lewes. Lincoln. Lisieux. Madog's Field. Maes Madog. Mauron. Methven. Morgarten. Morlaix. Myton. Nájera. Neville's Cross. Orewyn Bridge. Poitiers. Pontvallain. Sandwich. Sluys. Stirling Bridge. The Thirty. Winchelsea. Bayonne. Bazas. Béarn. Béarn, Gaston, Viscount of. See Gaston. Beatrice, daughter of Henry III. and wife of John II. of Brittany. Beatrice, sister of Amadeus III., Count of Savoy, wife of Raymond Berengar IV., Count of Provence. Beaucaire. Beauce, the. Beauchamp, Thomas. See Warwick, Earl of. Beauchamp, William. See Warwick, Earl of. Beauchamps of Warwick, the. Beaumanoir, commandant at Josselin. Beaumaris Castle. Beaumont, Henry de. Beaumont, Louis de, Bishop of Durham. Beaumont, Robert of, Earl of Leicester. See Leicester. Beaumonts, the. Beauvais. Becket, Archbishop, St. Thomas. Bedale, 182. Bedford, Castle of; scutage of. Bedfordshire. Bégard, Abbey of. Beghards, the. Beguines, the. Béhuchet, Nicholas. Bek, Anthony, Bishop of Durham. Bek, Thomas, Bishop of St. David's. Belleville. Bembro, Robert. Bémont, Charles; his _Rôles Gascons_; his _Chartes des libertés anglaises_; his Simon _de Montfort_. Bénauge. Béne, Amaury of. Benedict XI. Benedict XII. Bengeworth, near Evesham. Bentley, Sir Walter. Bere Castle. Bereford, Sir Simon. Berg, Count of. Berger's _Blanche de Castile_. Bergerac. Berkeley Castle. Berkeleys, the. Berkhampstead, siege of. Berkshire. Berkstead, Stephen, Bishop of Chichester. Bermingham, John of. See Louth, Earl of. Bernabò, Visconti, Lord of Milan. Berners, Lord, translator of Froissart. Berri, John, Duke of. Bertrand, Cardinal. See Montfavence. Berwick. Béthune, _Chronique de l'Anonyme de_. Bibliographies, historical Bidassoa, the. Bigod, the house of. Bigod, Hugh, justiciar. Bigod, Roger, earl marshal and Earl of Norfolk. See Norfolk, Earl of. Bigorre, county of. Biscay, Bay of. Blaauw's _Barons' Wars_. Black Prince, the. See Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine. Black death, the. Blacklow Hill. Blanche of Artois, Queen of Navarre. Blanche of Bourbon, wife of Peter the Great of Castile. Blanche of Castile, Queen of Louis VIII. and regent of France. Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster. Blanche taque, the, in estuary of Somme. Blaneforde's _Chronicle_ Blankenberghe. Blavet, the river. Blaye. Bliss' _Calendars of Papal Registers_. Blois. Blois, Charles of. See Charles. Blois, Theobald, Count of. Blount, Sir Thos., Blundeville, Randolph of, Earl of Chester. See Chester, Randolph, Earl of. Boccaccio. Bohemia. Bohemia, Ottocar, King of. Bohun, Humphrey, Earl of Hereford. See Hereford. Bohun, Humphrey of Brecon, son of the Earl of Hereford. Bohun, Margaret. Bohun, William, Earl of Northampton. See Northampton. Bohuns, the. Bollers, house of. Bologna. Bolton. Bonhommes, order of. Boniface VIII., Pope. Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury. Bordeaux; truce of. Bordeaux, Bertrand de Goth, Archbishop of. See Clement V. Bordelais, the. Borderie's _Histoire de Brétagne_. Boroughbridge; battle of. Boroughs; growth of; representation of. Bothwell Castle. Boulogne. Bouquet, Dom, his _Recueil des Historiens de la France_. Bourbon, Blanche of. See Blanche. Bourbonnais. Bourchier, Sir Robert. _Bourg_, of Limoges, the. Bourg. Bourgneuf, Bay of. Bourne. Boutaric's _St. Louis et Alfonse de Poitiers_; his _France sous Philippe le Bel_ Bouvines, battle of. Brabant. Brabant, Dukes of. See John II., John III., and Wenceslaus. Brabant, Mary of. See Mary, Queen of France. Brabazon, Roger de, chief justice after 1295. Bracton, Henry of, his book _De Legibus_; his Note Book. Bradwardine, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury. Brandenburg. Brandenburg, Elector of. Brantingham, Thomas, treasurer, Bishop of Exeter. Brantôme. Braose, house of. Braose, William de, his daughter. Bratton, Henry. See Bracton. Braybrook, Henry de. Bréauté, Falkes de. Brechin. Brecon. Bren, Llewelyn. See Llewelyn. Brentwood. Bremen. Brest. _Brétagne bretonnante, La_. Brétigni, treaty of, See also Calais, treaty of. Bretons. See Brittany. Brewer's _Monumenta Franciscana_. Bridgnorth. Bridlington. Bridlington, Canon of, his _Gesta Edwardi de Carnarvon_. Bridlington, John of. Brie. Brigham, treaty of. Bristol, council meets at; confirmation of the Great Charter at; castle of; channel; disturbances at. Brittany, Celtic; French. Brittany, Counts, afterwards Dukes, of. See Arthur I., Arthur II., John II., John III., John IV., John V., Peter Mauclerc. Brittany, Constance of, wife of Randolph of Chester. See Constance of Brittany. Brittany, John of, Earl of Richmond. See John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond. Britton, lawyer, his treatise _On the Laws of England_. Bromfield. Brotherton, Thomas of, Earl of Norfolk. See Thomas of Brotherton. Bruce, David. See David II., King of Scots. Bruce, Edward, "King of Ireland." Bruce, Elizabeth, Queen of Scots. See Elizabeth. Bruce, Joan, Queen of Scots. See Joan. Bruce, Robert, Lord of Annandale, claimant to the Scots throne (d.1295). Bruce, Robert, Earl of Carrick, son of the above (d. 1304). Bruce, Robert, Earl of Carrick, son of the above. See also Robert, King of Scots. _Bruce_, John Barbour's. Bruges, the Matins of. truce of (1375). Brussels. Brut, the Trojan. _Brut d'Angleterre_, Wace's. _Brut y Tywysogion_. Buch, Captal de. Buchan, Comyn, John, Earl of. Buchan, Henry de Beaumont, Earl of, See also Beaumont, Henry de. Builth, town and castle. Buironfosse. Bulgaria. Burgh, the family of. Burgh, Elizabeth de, wife of Robert, King of Scots. See Elizabeth, Queen of Scots. Burgh, Elizabeth de, wife of Lionel of Clarence. Burgh, Hubert de, Earl of Kent. Burgh, Richard de, Earl of Ulster. See Ulster. Burgh, Richard de, Lord of Connaught. Burgh, William de, Lord of Connaught and Earl of Ulster, See Ulster. Burgh-on-Sands. Burghersh, Bartholomew, Bishop of Lincoln. Burgos. Burgundy. Burgundy, Duke of. See Philip the Bold and Philip de Rouvres. Burnell, Robert, Chancellor, and Bishop of Bath and Wells. Burton-on-Trent. Bury, Richard of, Bishop of Durham. Bury St. Edmunds. Busses, Spanish. Butler, Edmund. Butler of Ireland, James, the. Byland Abbey. Bytham Castle.

Cader Idris. Cadzand, island of. Caen; abbeys of; church of St. Peter at. Caerlaverock. See Carlaverock. Caerleon, Morgan of. Caerphilly Castle. Cahors; bishopric of, See Quercy. Calais; treaty of, See also Brétigni. _Calendar of Close Rolls_. _Calendar of Charter Rolls_. Calendars of _Documents relating to Scotland and Ireland_. _Calendar of Inquisitions Post-mortem and other analogous documents_. _Calendars of Papal Registers_. _Calendar of the Patent Rolls_. _Calendarium Genealogicum_, C. Roberts'. _Calendarium Inquisitionum sive Eschætarum_. _Calendarium Rotulorum Cartarum_. Calveley, Sir Hugh. Cambrai. Cambrésis, the. Cambridge; university of. Cambridge, Edmund of Langley, Earl of. See Edmund. Camville, Nichola de. "Candlemas, The Burnt,". Canfranc, treaty of. Canons, Austin, annals by. Canterbury; cathedral; hall, Oxford; register. Canterbury, Archbishops of. See Langton, Stephen; Grand, Richard le; Neville, Ralph, and Blunt, John (archbishops elect); Rich, Edmund; Boniface of Savoy; Kilwardby, Robert; Peckham, John; Winchelsea, Robert; Cobham, Thomas (archbishop elect); Reynolds, Walter; Meopham, Simon; Stratford, John; Bradwardine, Thomas; Islip, Simon; Langham, Simon; Whittlesea, William, and Sudbury, Simon. Cantilupe, St. Thomas of, chancellor and Bishop of Hereford. Cantilupe, Walter of, Bishop of Worcester. Cantilupes, the. Cantreds, the four. See also Perveddwlad. Caours, Raoul de. Capes's, W.W., _History of the English Church_. Capetians, the. Captal de Buch, the. See Buch. Captivity, the Babylonish, of the Papacy. Carcassonne. Cardiff Castle. Cardigan and Cardiganshire. Cardinerie, La. Carlaverock, castle; chronicle of the siege of. Carentan. Carhaix. Carlisle, town and castle; parliament of 1307 at; Statute of. Carlisle, Andrew Harclay, Earl of. Carmarthen, town and castle, and Carmarthenshire; justice of. Carmelites, the. Carnarvon, town and castle. Carnarvon, Edward of. See Edward. Carnarvonshire. Carrick, Earl of. See Bruce, Robert. Carrickfergus. _Carta menatoria_. Cartmel. Cartularies. Cassel, battle of. Cassingham (Kensham), William of. Castile. Castile, Alfonso, King of. See Alfonso. Castile, Blanche of. See Blanche. Castile, Constance of. See Constance. Castile, Eleanor of. See Eleanor. Castile, Ferdinand the Saint, King of. See Ferdinand. Castile, Henry of Trastamara, King of. See Henry. Castile, Isabella of. See Isabella. Castile, Peter the Cruel, King Of. See Peter. Castile, John, King of Leon and Duke Lancaster. See John of Gaunt. Castle of Aberconway or Conway. Abergavenny. Aberyswyth. Alnwick. Alton. Bamburgh. Barnard. Beaumaris. Bedford. Bere. Berkeley. Berwick. Bothwell. Bristol. Builth. Bytham. Caen. Caerphilly. Cardiff. Carlaverocc. Carmarthen. Carnarvon. Castleton, Liddesdale. Chepstow. Christchurch. Clare. Colchester. Conway. See Aberconway. Conisborough. Corfe. Cornet. Criccieth. Deganwy. Devises. Diserth. Dolwyddelen. Dover. Drysllwyn. Dublin. Dumfries. Dunbar. Dynevor. Edinburgh. Flint. Fotheringhay. Gloucester. Grosmont. Harlech. Hawarden. Hedingham. Josselin. Kenilworth. Kilkenny. Kidwelly. Knaresborough. Leeds (Kent). Limoges. Lincoln. London. See Tower of London, the. Maud's. Monmouth. Montgomery. Mount Sorrel. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Norham. Norwich. Nottingham. Orford. Peebles. Pevensey. Pontefract. Powys. Rhuddlan. Rising. Rochester. Rockingham. Romorantin. Rose. Roxburgh. Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte. Scarborough. Skelton. Skenfrith. Stirling. Swansea. Tickhill. Tintagel. Tunbridge. Tutbury. Usk. Wallingford. Wark, Warwick. Whitecastle. Wigmore. Windsor. Wolvesey (Winchester). Castles; royal; adulterine; Welsh; of South Wales; Edward I.'s; concentric; Scottish. Castleton Castle, Liddesdale. Castor, Church of St., Coblenz. Castorplatz, the, Coblenz. Caversham. Celestine V., Pope. Celts, Irish. Celts of Scotland, the. Chaboterie, la. Chalon, little battle of. Champagne, Blanche of Artois, Queen of Navarre and Countess of. See Blanche. Champagne, Edmund, Count of. See also Edmund of Lancaster. Champagne, Henry, Count of. See Henry. Champagne, Joan of. See Joan. Champagne, Theobald IV., Count of. See Theobald. Champagne. Champollion-Figeac's _Lettres des rots d'Angleterre_. Chancellor, office of. Chancery courts, for Wales; records. Chandos, Sir John. Chandos Herald. Channel, the Bristol; the English. Channel Islands, the. Charente, the river. Charing. Charles IV., the Emperor. Charles IV., the Fair, King of France. Charles V., King of France. Charles of Anjou, younger brother of Louis IX., Count of Provence and Charles I., King of Sicily. Charles the Bad, Count of Evreux and King of Navarre. Charles of Blois, claimant to Duchy of Brittany. Charles of La Cerda. Charles of Moravia, King of the Romans. See Charles IV., the Emperor. Charles, Duke of Normandy. See also Charles V., King of France. Charles of Salerno, afterwards Charles II. of Sicily. Charles, Count of Valois. Charlemagne. Charlton, Tohn, lord of Powys. Charltons of Powys, the. Charter, the Great; the forest; Rolls, the, See Rolls. Charterhouse, the London. Charters, confirmations of the; of London; _Carta Mercatoria_; as sources for history. Chartley. Chartres. Châteauneuf. Châteauroux. Châtelherault. Chaucer, Geoffrey. Chauvigny. Chaworth, Payne of. Cheapside. Chepstow. Cher, the river. Cherbourg. Cheshire; palatine earldom of; palatine courts of; records of county palatine of. Chester. Chester, Edward, Earl of. See Edward I., Edward II. and Edward III. Chester, John de Lacy, Constable of. See Lacy. Chester, John the Scot, Earl of. See also Huntingdon. Chester, Simon de Montfort, Earl of. See Leicester. Chester, Randolph Blundeville, Earl of. Chesterfield, battle of. Chichester. Chichester, Bishops of. See Berkstead, Stephen; Neville, Ralth, and Stratford, Robert. Chilham, barony of, Kent. Chilterns, the. Chinon. Chirk. Chirk, Roger Mortimer of. See Mortimer, Roger, of Chirk. Christchurch Castle. _Christopher, The_. Chroniclers, the. Chronicles as sources of history. Cinque Ports, the. Cirencester. Cistercian, nuns of Eastminster; monks of Whalley. Cistercians, the. Clare Castle; the house of. Clare, Eleanor de. See Despenser, Eleanor de. Clare, Elizabeth of. Clare, Gilbert of, Earl of Gloucester. See Gloucester. Clare, Margaret of. Clare, Richard of, Earl of Gloucester. See Gloucester. Clarence, Duchy of. See Lionel of Antwerp. Clarendon. Clares, the poor. Clark's, G.T., _Mediæval Military Architecture_. Clark's, J.W., _Observances in use at Barnwell Priory_. Clement IV., Pope. Clement V., Pope. Clement VI., Pope. Clergy, taxation of the. _Clericis laicos_, the bull. Clerkenwell. Clermont, Marshal. Cleves, Count of. Clifford, Robert. Clifford, Roger. Cliffords, the. Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon. See Huntingdon. Clisson, Oliver de. Cloth, manufacture of English. Clydesdale. Clwyd, the river. Clun. Cobham, Thomas of, Archbishop elect of Canterbury. Coblenz. Cocherel, battle of. Cog Thomas, the. Coggeshall's _Chronicle_. Cognac. Coinage. Colchester, Castle of. Coldstream. Colleges, growth of. Cologne. Cologne, Archbishop of. Colons, faction of the. Commerce under Edward III. Comminges, Counts of. Commons, house of. Companies, the free. Company, the White. Compiègne. Compostella. Comyn, John, the elder, lord of Badenoch. Comyn, John, of Badenoch, the younger, or the Red, regent of Scotland. Comyn, John, of Buchan. See Buchan, Earl of. Confirmation of the charters. See Charters. Conisborough Castle. Connaught. Connaught, Phelim O'Connor, King of, Connaught, King of. Conrad, son of Frederick II. Conservators of the Peace. _Consilium ordinarium_, the. Constable, office of. Constance of Brittany. Constance of Castile, daughter of Peter the Cruel, wife of John, Duke of Lancaster. Convocation. Conway, the river. Corfe Castle. Cormeilles, Abbey of. Cornet Castle, Cornouailles. Cornwall; earldom of. Cornwall, Dunstanville, Earls of. See Dunstanville. Cornwall, Edmund, Earl of. See Edmund. Cornwall, Edward, Duke of. See Edward, the Black Prince. Cornwall, John of Eltham, Earl of. See John. Cornwall, Peter Gaveston, Earl of. See Gaveston. Cornwall, Richard, Earl of. See Richard. Corte Nuova, battle of. Cosneau's _Grands Traités de la Guerre de Cent Ans_. Côtentin, the. Cotton, Bartholomew's _Historia Anglicana_. Coucy, Enguerrand de. Councils, General, at Lyons. Court of King's Bench, records of. Court of Common Pleas, records of. Court of the County. Courts of Chancery and Exchequer in Wales. Courtenay, House of, Earls of Devon. Courtenay, William, Bishop of London. Courtrai; battle of. Coventry, Roger Northburgh, Bishops of. See Northburgh, Roger. Coville's _Histoire de France_. Craven. Crécy, battle of. Crécy-en-Ponthieu. Cree, the river. Cressingham, Hugh. Creuse, the river. Criccieth Castle. Crockart. Crossbowmen, Genoese. Crotoy, Le. Crusades, the. Crutched friars, the. Cumberland. Cunningham's, W., _Growth of English Industry_. Curzon, Robert. Customs. "Custom, the Great and Ancient,"; "the New and Small,". Cuvelier's _Vie de Bertrand de Guesclin_. Cymry, the. See also Wales. Cyprus. Cyprus, Lusignan kings of.

Dagworth, Sir Thomas. Damietta, Crusade of. Damietta, Archbishop of. See Roches, Peter des. Damme. Dampierre, Guy, Count of Flanders. See Guy. Dancaster, John. Dante. Darlington, John of, Archbishop of Dublin. David I., King of Scots. David II., son of Robert Bruce, King of Scots. David I., an Llewelyn, Prince of Wales. David II., ap Griffith, Prince of Wales. David, Earl of Huntingdon. See Huntingdon. David of Strathbolgie, Earl of Athol. See Athol. Dax. Dean, Forest of. "Decorated" style of architecture. Deddington. Deganwy, Castle of. Delisle's _Histoire de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte_. Denbigh, town, lordship and castle of. Denifle's _Désolation des Églises de France_, etc.; his _Entstehung der Universitäten_. Déprez's _Préliminaires de la Guerre de Cent Ans_. Derby, Henry of Grosmont, Earl of. See also Lancaster. Derby, Robert Ferrars, Earl of. Derby, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster and. See Lancaster. Derby, William of Ferrars, Earl of. Deschamps, Eustace. Despenser, Eleanor de, wife of Hugh le Despenser, the younger. Despenser, Hugh, justiciar. Despenser, Hugh, the elder, Earl of Winchester, son of the justiciar. Despenser, Hugh, the younger, Lord of Glamorgan, son of the foregoing. Devizes, Castle of. Devon, earldom of, Falkes de Bréauté as warden of. Devon, Courtenays, earls of. _Dictum de Kenilworth_, the. Dinan. Disafforestments. Diserth, Castle of. Disinherited, the (after Evesham); the, Scotch. _Disseisin_, novel. Dolwyddelen Castle. Dominic, St. Dominicans. Don, the river. Donaldbane, brother of Malcolm Canmore. Dordogne, the river. Dordrecht. Dorking. Dorsetshire. Douai. Douglas, Sir Archibald. Douglas, Sir James. Douglas, Sir William. Douglas, Sir William (at Poitiers). Dover, town and castle; straits of. Dovey the river. Dowell's, S., _History of Taxation_. Downs, the north; the south. Drokensford, Bishop of Bath and Wells. Dublin, Castle of. Dublin, Archbishop of. See Hotham, William of, Archbishop of. Dubois, Peter. Dugdale's _Monasticon_. Dumfries. Dunbar, battle of. Dunfermline. Dunkeld, Bishop of. Duns Scotus. Dunstable. Dunstanville, house of. Dupplin Moor, battle of. Durham; bishopric of; records of. Durham, Bishops of. See Bek, Anthony; Beaumont, Louis de; and Bury, Richard of. Dynevor Castle.

Earn, the river. Eastminster, the, London. Eastry, Henry of, prior of Christ Church, Canterbury. Ebro, the river. Eccleston, William of, his _De adventu fratrum minorun_. Edinburgh, town and castle. Edington, church of. Edington, William of, Bishop of Winchester. Edmund of Almaine, Earl of Cornwall, son of Richard of Cornwall. Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, Leicester and Derby, some time titular King of Sicily, son of Henry III. Edmund of Langley, son of Edward III., Earl of Cambridge, afterward Duke of York. Edmund of Woodstock, son of Edward I., Earl of Kent. Edmund (Rich). St. See Rich, Edmund. Edmund, St., of East Anglia. Edward the Confessor, saint and king; translation of. Edward I.; authorities for reign of. Edward II.; sources for the reign of. Edward III.; sources for the reign of. Edward, son of Henry III. See also Edward I. Edward of Carnarvon, Prince of Wales. See also Edward II. Edward of Windsor, Duke of Aquitaine. Edward, Prince of Wales and of Aquitaine, called the Black Prince. Education; of clergy. Elbeuf. Egypt. Elderslie. Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of Henry II. Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Edward I. Eleanor, second daughter of Raymond Berenger IV., Count of Provence, Queen of Henry III. Eleanor, younger sister of Henry III., married (1) William Marshal, (2) Simon de Montfort. Elgin. Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I., Countess of Holland, afterwards of Hereford. Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert (Bruce), King of Scots. Ellis, Sir Henry, ed. of _Chronica I. De Oxenedes_. Eland, William. Ely, bishopric of, isle of. Ely, Bishops of. See Marsh, Adam; Balsham, Hugh; Langham, Simon; Hotham, John. Eltham. Eltham, John of. See John. Englefield. English language; in law courts. Eric, King of Norway. Escheats. Esplechin, treaty of. Essex; earldom of. Essex, Countess of. See Isabella of Gloucester. Estates, the three. _Etsi de statu_, bull. Etaples. Ettrick forest. Eu, Count of, constable of France. Eure, the river. _Eulogium Historiarum_. Eustace the Monk. Evans, J.G., his edition of the _Red Book of Hergest_. Eversden, John of. Evesham, battle of; Abbey. Evreux. Evreux, Counts of. See Charles the Bad, King of Navarre; Philip the Bold. Evreux, Louis, Count of. See Louis. Exchequer courts for Wales. Exchequer records. Exeter, Bishops of. See Brantingham, Thomas; Stapledon, Walter. Exeter College, Oxford. Exports. Eynsham, Walter of. Eyville, John d'.

Fair of Lincoln, the. See Lincoln, battle of. Falkirk; battle of. Famine, of 1316, the; of wool, in Flanders. Farnham. Farrer's, W., _Lancashire Final Concords_. Faucigny. Fecamp. Fecamp, Peter Roger, Abbot of. See Clement VI. _Feet of Fines_. Felton, Sir Thomas, Seneschal of Aquitaine. Ferdinand of Portugal, Count of Flanders. Ferdinand III. the Saint, King of Cast& [Castile]. Ferrars, house of. Ferrars, Robert of, Earl of Derby. See Derby. Ferrars, William of, Earl of Derby. See Derby. Fife. Fife, Earl of. Fifteen, the Council of. Figeac. Firstfruits. Fitzalan, Edmund, and Richard, Earls of Arundel. See Arundel. Fitzalan of Bedale, Brian. Fitzalans, the. FitzAthulf, Constantine, sheriff of London. FitzGeoffrey, John. Fitzgerald, governor of Ireland. Fitzgerald, Maurice, justiciar of Ireland. Fitzgeralds, the. Fitzralph, Richard, Archbishop of Armagh. Fitzthedmar, Arnold. FitzWalter, Robert. Flemings, the. See Flanders. _Fleta_, law-book. Fletching. Flint, county of; town and castle of. Flodden, battle of. Florence. Florence, count of Holland. Florence of Worcester, Continuators of the _Chronicle_ of. _Flores Historiarum_, Roger of Wendover's. _Flores Historiarum_ (fourteenth century). Flagellants, the. Flamangrie, La. Flanders, county of. Flanders, counts of. See Ferdinand of Portugal, Guy of Dampierre, Louis of Male, Louis of Nevers, Robert of Béthune and Thomas of Savoy. Flanders, Joan, Countess of. See Joan. Flanders, Margaret of. See Margaret. _Foedera_, Rymer's. Foix. Foix, Count of. Foix, Gaston Phoebus, Count of. Fontenelles, Cistercian Abbey of. Fontevraud. Fordun, John, his _Chronicle_. Forests, charter of the; perambulation of the; enlargement of the. Fors, William of, Earl of Albemarle. See Albemarle. Fors, Isabella of. See Albemarle, Countess of. Forth, the. Fotheringhay, Castle of. Foulquois, Guy, Cardinal-bishop of Sabina. See Clement IV. Fountains Abbey. Fournier, James. See Benedict XII. Fournier's _Royaume d'Arles_. France; records of; chronicles of. France, King of, Edward III. takes title of. France, Kings of. See Philip Augustus, Louis VIII., Louis IX., Philip III., Philip IV., Louis X., Philip V., Charles IV., Philip VI., John and Charles V. Francis, St., of Assisi. Franciscans, the; the spiritual. Franks, the Salian. Frankton, Stephen of. Frascati. Fraser, William, Bishop of St. Andrews. Frederick II., the emperor. French language, the. Frescobaldi, the. Freynet, Gilbert of. See Gilbert. Friars, the; the four orders of; See Austin or hermits of order of St. Augustine; Bonhommes; Carmelite or White; Crutched; Dominicans; Francisans; ---- of the Penance of Jesus Christ or ---- of the Sack; Trinitarians or Maturins. Froissart, John. Froissart, _Chroniques_, ed. Luce; ed. Kervyn. Fronsac, Viscount of. Funck-Brentano's, F., editions of the _Chronique Artésienne_ and _Annales Gandenses_. Furness.

Gabaston. Gaetano, Benedict. See Boniface VIII. Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Pavia. Galloway. Garonne, the river. Garter, Order of the. Gascony, See also Aquitaine. Gaston, Viscount of Béarn. Gaveston, Peter, Earl of Cornwall. Gelderland, Duke of. _Genitours_. Genoa. Genoese, the; crossbowmen. Geraldines of Leinster, the. Germany. Ghent. Ghent, Gilbert of. See Lincoln, Earls of. Giffard, Walter, Archbishop of York; his register. Giffords, the. Gilbert of Freynet. Gilsland. Gironde, the river. Glamorgan, lordship of. Glamorgan, Lords of. See Gloucester, Earls of. Glasgow, Robert Wishart, Bishop of. See Wishart. Glendower, Owen. Gloucester; St. Peter's Church; statute of; earldom of. Gloucester, Richard of Clare, Earl of. Gloucester, Earl of, Gilbert of Clare, son of the above. Gloucester, Earl of, Gilbert of Clare, son of the above. Gloucester, Ralph of Monthermer, Earl of. Gloucester, Audley, Earl of. Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Earl of. See Thomas. Gloucester, Isabella, Countess of. See Isabella, Queen of King John. Gloucester, Robert of. Gloucestershire. Gomez, Peter, Cardinal. Gordon, Adam. Gothic architecture. See Architecture. Gough's _Itinerary of Edward I_. Gower, Gower, John; his works. Grampians, the. Granada. Grand, Richard le, Archbishop of Canterbury. Grandisons, the. Greek, study of. Greenfield, William, Archbishop of York. Gregory IX., Pope. Gregory X., Pope. Gregory XI, Pope. Grey, Reginald. Grey, Richard of. Grey's Sir T., _Scalachronica_. Grey, Walter, Archbishop of York; his register. Griffith ap Gwenwynwyn. Griffith ap Llewelyn. Griffith of Welshpool. Grosmont, castle of. Grosmont, Henry of, Earl of Derby. See Derby and Lancaster. Gross's, C., _Select Cases from the Coroners' Rolls_; his _Bibliography of British Municipal History_; his _Sources of English History_. Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln. his _Epistoae_. Gualo the legate. Guérande, treaty of. Guernsey. See also Channel Islands. Guesclin, Bertrand du. Guienne. See also Aquitaine and Gascony. Guillon, treaty of. Guînes. Guînes, Baldwin of. Guînes, Count of. Gurney, Thomas. Guy of Brittany, Count of Penthièvre. Guy of Dampierre, Count of Flanders. Guy of Lusignan, Lord of Cognac. Gwent. Gwenwynwyn, house of. Gwynedd. See also Wales, North. Gwynedd, house of.

Haddan and Stubbs' _Councils_. Haddington. Hadenham's, Edmund of, _Chronicle_. Haggerston. Hainault. Hainault, Counts of. See John and William. Hainault, Countess of, Abbess of Fontenelles. Hainault, Philippa of. See Philippa Queen. Hales, Alexander of. Halidon Hill, battle of. Halifax, John of. Hall's, H., _Customs Revenue_. Hall's, J, ed. of Minot's _Poems_. Hamilton, H.C., ed. of Walter of Hemingburgh. Hampole. Hampshire. Hapsburg, house of. Hapsburg, Rudolf of. See Rudolf. Harby. Harclay, Andrew, governor of Carlisle. See Carlisle, Earl of. Harcourt, Geoffrey of. Harcourts, the. Hardy, _Registrum Palatinum Dunelmense_. Harewell, John, Bishop of Bath. Harlech Castle. Harry's, Blind, _Wallace_. Hastings, battle of. Hastings, John, first Earl of Pembroke. See Pembroke. Hastings, John, second Earl of Pembroke. See Pembroke. Hastingses of Abergavenny, the. Hathern. Hauréau's _Histoire de la philosophie scholastique_. Haverfordwest. Hawarden. Hawkwood, John. Hay. Haydon's ed. of _Eulogium Historiarum_. Hearne. Hebrew, study of. Hebrews. See also Jews. Hedingham Castle. Hengham, Justice. Henley, Walter of. Hemingburgh, Walter of. Hennebont. Henry I., King of England. Henry II.. Henry III.; chroniclers for the reign of. Henry VIII. Henry, King of the Romans, son of Frederick II. Henry II. of Navarre. Henry II. of Trastarnara, King of Castile. Henry, Earl of Derby, afterwards King Henry IV. Henry of Lancaster, younger son of Earl Edmund; Earl of Leicester; Earl of Lancaster. Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Derby, then Earl afterwards Duke of Lancaster. Hereford; earldom of. Hereford, Bishops of. See Aigueblanche, Peter of; Cantilupe, St. Thomas of; Orleton, Adam. Hereford, Humphrey Bohun, Earl of. Hereford, Humphrey Bohun, grandson of above, Earl of. Hereford, Humphrey Bohun, son of above, Earl of. Herefordshire. Heretics, Albigensian. Hertford. Hesdin. Hewlett's editions of _Chronicles_. Hexham. Hexhamshire. Higden's, Randolph, _Polychronicon_. Highlands, the. Hingeston-Randelph's _Exeter Registers_. History, study of. Hohenstaufen, the. Holderness, ruled by Counts of Aumâle. Holland. Holland, Florence, Count of. Hollands, Earls of Kent. Holy Land, the. See Palestine and Crusades. Holywood, John of. See also Halifax. Honorius III, Pope. Honorius IV., Pope. Hood, Robin. Horn, Andrew. Horstmann, Dr., his _Legenda Anglie_. Horwood's, A.L., editions of _Year Books_. Hospitallers, the. Hotham, John, Bishop of Ely. Hotham, William of, Archbishop of Dublin. Hougue, La. Hoveden, or Howden, Roger of; his continuator. Howlett's ed. of _Monumenta Franciscana_. Howel the Good. Huelgas, las, monastery of. Hugh, Choir of St., at Lincoln. Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, St., Little St. Hugh of Lincoln. Hugh X., of Lusignan. See also Lusignan. Hugh XI. of Lusignan. See also Lusignan. Hull. Hulme, St. Benet's. Humanism. Humber, the. _Hundred Rolls_, the. Hungary, Primate of, visits Canterbury. Hungerford, Sir Thomas. Hunter's _Leet Jurisdiction of Norwich_; _Rotuli Selecti_. Huntingdon, David, Earl of. Huntingdon, Honour of. Huntingdon, Earl of, John the Scot. Huntingdon, Clinton, Earl of. Husbandry, Walter of Henley's treatise on.

_Imperium_, the. Immunities, baronial. Indre, the river. Ingham, Sir Oliver. Infantry, English; French; Irish; Scotch; Welsh. Innocent III., Pope. Innocent IV., Pope. Innocent VI., Pope. Inquisition, the, in England; in the Netherlands. Interregnum, the Great. Inverness. Iolande, daughter of Peter Mauclerc, Count of Brittany. Ireland. Ireland, the Butler of, made Earl of Ormonde. See Ormonde. Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire. Irvine. Isabella of Castile, daughter of Peter the Cruel, wife of Edmund, Earl of Cambridge. Isabella Marshal, wife of Richard of Cornwall. See Marshal. Isabella of Angoulême, Queen of John, and wife of Hugh of Lusignan. Isabella of France, Queen of Edward II.. Isabella of Gloucester, divorced wife of John, wife of Hubert de Burgh. Isabella, sister of Henry III., queen of Frederick II. Isabella, younger sister of Alexander II., wife of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. Islands, the Channel. See Channel Islands, the. Isleworth. Isle, the river. Isle de France, the. Isle Saint-Jean, Caen. Islip, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury. Italy.

James, King of Sicily, son of Peter of Aragon; afterwards James II. of Aragon. Jaudy, the river. Jedburgh. Jerusalem, Latin kingdom of. Jerusalem, Patriarch of. See Bek, Antony. Jews, in England, the; expulsion of the. Joan of Champagne, Queen of Philip the Fair. Joan of Ponthieu, Queen of Ferdinand the Saint. Joan of the Tower, sister of Edward III., Queen of David Bruce. Joan, sister of Henry III., Queen of Alexander II. of Scotland. Joan, Countess of Flanders, wife of Thomas of Savoy. Joan, Countess of Kent, Princess of Wales, wife of Edward the Black Prince. Joan, daughter of Edward III. Joan, eldest daughter of Charles of Valois. Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I. and Countess of Gloucester. Joan of Bar, grand-daughter of Edward I. Joan of Flanders, Countess of Penthièvre, wife of Charles of Blois. Joan of Toulouse, daughter of Raymond of Toulouse, wife of Alfonso of Poitiers. Joan, Princess of North Wales, wife of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth. Joan, sister of Richard I., grandmother of Joan of Poitiers. John, King. John, King of Bohemia. John, King of France. John (Balliol), King of Scots. John XXII., Pope. John, Duke of Berri. John II., Duke of Brabant. John III., Duke of Brabant. John II., Duke of Brittany. John III., Duke of Brittany. John IV., Duke of Brittany (Montfort). John V., Duke of Brittany (Montfort). John, Duke of Normandy. See also John, King of France. John of Avesnes, Count of Hainault. John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, son of John II., Duke of Brittany, and nephew of Edward I. John of Eltham, son of Edward II., Earl of Cornwall. John of Gaunt, son of Edward III., Duke of Lancaster. John of Hainault, brother of William II. of Hainault. John of Montfort, Earl of Richmond. See John V., Duke of Brittany. John of Montfort, half-brother of John III. of Brittany. See John IV., Duke of Brittany. John the Scot, Earl of Chester. See Chester. Joinville, Joan of. Joinvilles, the. Joinville's _History of St. Louis_. Josselin Castle. Jowel, John. Judges, the. Jülich, Dukes of. Jurisprudence, Anglo-Norman; Roman. Justiciar, office of. Justiciars. See Burgh, Hubert de; Marshal, William; Roches, Peter des; Segrave, Stephen. Justiciars of Ireland. See Marsh, Geoffrey, and Fitzgerald, Maurice. Justiciars of Scotland. See Ormesby, William.

Keighley, Henry of, knight of the shire for Lancashire. Kelso. _Kenilworth, Dictum de_. Kenilworth Castle. Kennington. Kensham. Kent; earldom of. Kent, Earl of, Hubert de Burgh. See Burgh. Kent, Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of. See Edmund. Kerry (Wales); Vale of; scutage of. Kervyn de Lettenhove's edition of _Froissart_. Kesteven, South. Kidwelly, castle and lordship. Kildare, Curragh of. Kildare, Earl of. Kilkenny, Castle; statute of. Kilwardby, Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury. Kinghorn. Kingsford's, C.L., Song of _Lewes_. Kingston-on-Thames. Kinloss. Kintyre. Kirk's _Accounts of the Obedientiaries of Abingdon_. Kirkby, John, treasurer of Edward I and Bishop of Ely. Kirkby's _Quest_. Kirkcudbright, stewartry of. Kirkliston, 213. Klerk, Jan van, his _Chronicle_. Knaresborough, castle and town. Knighton's, Henry, _Chronicle_. Knights, of the Shire; Templars; of St. John; of the Garter; of the Star. Knowles, Sir Robert. Knyvett, Sir John. Köhler's _Entwickelung des Kriegswesens in der Ritterzeit_.

Labourers, Statute of. Lacy, Alice, Countess of Lancaster. Lacy, Henry, Earl of Lincoln. See Lincoln. Lacy, Hugh de, Earl of Ulster. See Ulster. Lacy, John de, Constable of Chester. See also Lincoln, Earls of. Lacy, the house of; the house of, in Meath. Lagny, Abbot of. Lalinde. Lamberton, Bishop of St. Andrews. Lambeth, treaty of. Lancashire. Lancaster, Alice, Countess of. See Alice. Lancaster, Blanche, Duchess of. See Blanche. Lancaster, Edmund, Earl of. See Edmund. Lancaster, Henry, Earl of. See Henry. Lancaster, Henry of Grosmont, Earl and Duke of. See Henry. Lancaster, honour of; town; house of; records of Duchy of. Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of. See John. Lanercost; chronicle of. Langham, Simon, Chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury. Langland, William. Langley. Langley, Geoffrey of. Langlois, Charles V., his _Philippe le Hardi_; his _Histoire de France_. Langon. Langtoft's, Peter, _Chronicle_. Langton, John, Bishop of Chichester. Langton, Simon, Archdeacon of Canterbury. Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury. Langton, Walter, Bishop of Lichfield. Language, English; French; German; Latin; Scottish. Languedoc. Laon. Laon, Robert Lecoq, Bishop of. Laonnais, the. Lapsley's County _Palatine of Durham_. Latimer, Lord, Chamberlain. Latin-language. Lavisse and Rambaud's _Histoire Générale_. Lavisse's _Histoire de France_. Law, study of English; literature of; the Salic; English. Laws, Celtic, of Highlanders and Strathclyde Welsh. Lawyers, Italian; English. Layamon's English version of Wace's _Brut_. Lechler's _Wycliffe_. Lecoq, Robert, Bishop of Laon. Leeds Castle (Kent). Leek, treaty of. Lehugeur's _Philippe le Long_. Leicester; earldom of. Leicester, Abbot of. Leicester, Countess of. See Eleanor. Leicester, Henry, Earl of. See Henry, Earl of Lancaster. Leicester, Robert Beaumont, Earl of. Leicester, Simon de Montfort, Earl of. Leicester, Simon de Montfort, the elder, Count of Toulouse and titular Earl of. Leicester, Thomas, Earl of. See Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Leicestershire. Leinster. Leon. Leon. L'Estrange, Roger. Levant, the. Lewes; battle of; mise of. Lewis' _Life of Wiclif_. _Libellus Famosus_, Edward III.'s. Libourne. Lichfield, Bishops of. See Langton, Walter; Northburgh, Roger. Liddesdale. See also Liddell. Liddell. Liebermann, Dr., works by. Liege, William, Bishop of. See William. Liege. Lille. Limburg. Limerick. Limoges; sack of. Limousin. Lincoln; Castle; battle of; Cathedral; parliament of (1301); parliament at (1316). Lincoln, Bishops of. See Wells, Hugh of; Hugh, St., of Avalon; Grosse-teste, Robert; Burghersh, Henry. Lincoln, Richard le Grand, Chancellor of. See Canterbury. Lincoln, Gilbert of Ghent, Earl of. Lincoln, Henry Lacy, Earl of. Lincoln, John de Lacy, Earl of, 45, 47. Lincoln, Randolph de Blundeville, Earl of. See also Chester. Lincoln, Thomas of Lancaster, Earl of. See Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Lincolnshire. Linlithgow. Lionel of Antwerp, son of Edward III., Duke of Clarence and Earl of Ulster. Lisieux; battle near. Literature in the thirteenth century; French; English. Literature in the fourteenth century; English; French. Littleton's _Tenures_. Llandaff, Bishop of. Llandilo. Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince of Wales. Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales. Llewelyn Bren. Lleyn. Lloughor. Lochmaben Castle. Lodge's _Close of the Middle Ages_. Logroño. Loire, the river. Lombards. Lombardy, cities of. London. London, Bishops of. See Sainte-Mère-Eglise, William of; Basset, Fulk; Baldock, Ralph; Courtenay, William. London, Mayors of. See Serlo; Waleys, Henry le, and Pyel, John. London, Sheriffs of. See FitzAthulf, Constantine. London, treaty of. Longjumeau. Longman's _Life and Times of Edward III._. Longnon's _Atlas historique de la France_. Longsword, William, Earl of Salisbury. See Salisbury. Lorraine. Loserth's _Geschichte des späteren Mittelalters_. Lot, the river. Lothians, the. Loughborough. Louis, Count of Evreux. Louis, Duke of Anjou, brother of Charles V. of France. Louis of Bavaria, the Emperor. Louis of France, afterwards Louis VIII. Louis IX. (St. Louis), King of France. Louis X., King of France. Louis of Male, Count of Flanders. Louis of Nevers, Count of Flanders. Louth; Earldom of. Louth, John of Bermingham, Earl of. Louvain. Luard, Dr. H.R., his _Roberti Grosse-teste Epistolæ_; his editions of _Annales Monastici_; B. Cotton, and _Flores Historiarum_, and Matthew Paris' _Chronica Majora_. Luce's _Jeunesse de Betrand du Guesclin_; _La France pendant la Guerre de Cent An_. Luce and Raynouart's edition of Froissart's _Chronicle_. _Lucy_, Anthony. Ludlow. Lundy Island. Lusignan, Alice of. Lusignan, Aymer of. See Valence, Aymer de. Lusignan, Guy of. Lusignan, House of. Lusignan, Hugh X. of. Lusignan, Hugh XI. of. Lusignan (town). Lusignan, William of. See Valence, William of. Lussac, bridge of. Luxemburg, house of. Lyons, Richard. Lyons. Lyons, Council at (1245). Lyons, Council at (1274). Lyrics, English. Lys, the river.

Macaulay's, G.C., edition of Gower's _Works_. Mackinnon's _History of Edward III._ Macon, league of. Madden's, Sir F., edition of Matthew Paris' _Historia Minor_. Madog ap Llewelyn. Maelgwn. Maenan. Maes Madog, battle of. Maidstone. Maine. Mains. Elector of. Maitland's, F.W., _Memoranda de Parliamento_; _Select Pleas of the Crown_; _Bracton's Note Book_; _Le Mirroir des Justices_; _Select Passages from Bracton,_ etc.; _Year Books of Edward II._ and _Canon Law_. Maitland, F.W., and Pollock, Sir F., _History of English Law_.

Makower's, F., _Constitutional History of the Church of England_. Malestroit, truce of. Malmesbury, the Monk of. Malmesbury, William of. Malton. Maltravers, John. Mandeville, Geoffrey de. Manfred, King of Sicily. Mangonels. Manny, Sir Walter. Mannyng, Robert. Mansel, John. Mansura. Maps for period. Mar, Donald, Earl of. Marcel, Stephen. March of Calais. March (of Scotland), Patrick, Earl of. March of Wales, the. March of Wales, Earl of the. See also Mortimer, Edmund, and Mortimer, Roger. March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of (d. 1381). March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of (d. 1330). See also Mortimer, Roger, of Wigmore (d. 1330). Marche, Counts of La. Marche, La. Mare, Sir Peter de la. Margam, annals of abbey of. Margaret of England, Queen of Alexander III. of Scotland. Margaret of Flanders. Margaret of France, sister of Philip the Fair, and second Queen of Edward I. Margaret of Hainault, sister of Queen Philippa, Empress of Louis of Bavaria. Margaret of Provence, Queen of Louis IX. of France. Margaret, Queen of Eric, King of Norway, and mother of Margaret, Queen of Scots. Margaret, Queen of Scots, the Maid of Norway, daughter of Margaret and Eric of Norway. Margaret, sister of Alexander II. of Scotland, wife of Hubert de Burgh. Margaret, sister of David of Scotland. Margaret, Viscountess of Limoges. Margaret, wife of Philip of Burgundy. Mark, Count of. Marlborough, statute of. Marseilles. Marsh, Adam; _Letters of_. Marsh, Geoffrey, justiciar of Ireland. Marshal, office of. Marshal, house of. Marshal, the Earls. See Pembroke, Earl of; Thomas of Brotherton, Earl; March, Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of March; and Percy, Henry. Marshal, Gilbert. See Pembroke, Gilbert Marshal, Earl of. Marshal, Isabella, wife of Richard of Cornwall. Marshal, Richard. See Pembroke, Richard Marshal, Earl of. Marshal, William. See Pembroke, William Marshal, the elder, Earl of, regent of England. Marshal, William, the younger. See Pembroke, William Marshal, the younger, Earl of. Martin IV., Pope. Martin, papal envoy. Martin's, C. Trice, _Registrum Epistolarum J. Peckham_. Mary of Brabant, Queen of France. Maturins, the. Mauclerc, Peter, Count of Brittany. See Peter. Maud, daughter of Henry, Duke of Lancaster. Maud of Artois, wife of Otto, Count of Burgundy. Maud's Castle. Mauléon, Savary de. Mauley, Peter de. Mauleys, the family of. Maupertuis. Mauron, battle of. Maxwell's _Robert the Bruce_. Maye, the river. Meath. Meaux, treaty of. Mechlin. Mediterranean, the. Melton, William, Archbishop of York. Melrose Abbey. Melrose, chronicle of. Menai Straits, the. Mendicants, the See also Friars. Meopham, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury. Mercenaries. Merchants, statute of; foreign; English. Meredith ap Owen. Merioneth. Merionethshire. Merlin. Merton. "Merton, Rule of,". Merton, Walter of. Messina, Archbishop of. Methven, battle of. Metingham, John of. Meyer, Paul, his edition of the _Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal_. Miausson, the river. Michel, Francisque. Milan. _Ministers' Accounts_. Minorites, the, See also Franciscans. Minot, Lawrence. Minsterworth, Sir John. Miracle plays. Mirambeau. Miranda. _Mirroir des Justices, Le_. Mise of Amiens, the. Mise of Lewes, the. Model Parliament, the. See Parliament. Mohammedans, the. Molinier, Auguste, Sources _de l'histoire de France_. Monasteries. _Monasticon_, Dugdale's. Monmouth, castle and town of. Monnow, the river. Mont Cenis, the. Montague, Sir William. See also Salisbury, Earls of. Montague; the house of. Montfavence, Bertrand of, Cardinal. Montfichet, Richard of. Montfort l'Amaury. Montfort, county of. Montfort, Amaury of. Montfort, the house of (Dukes of Brittany). See also John IV. and John V., Dukes of Brittany. Montfort, the house of (Earls of Leicester). Montfort, Henry of. Montfort, John of, the elder. See Brittany, John, Duke of. Montfort, John of, the younger. See Brittany, John, Duke of. Montfort, Peter of. Montfort, Simon of, Count of Toulouse. See also Leicester. Montfort Simon of, Earl of Leicester. See Lester. Montfort, Simon of, the younger, son of Simon, Earl of Leicester. Montgomery, castle and town of. Monthermer, Ralph of. Monthermer, Thomas of, _Montjoie_. Montmorenci, Matthew of. Montpellier, University of. Montpezat, lord of. Montreuil-sur-mer. treaty of. Montrose. Mont-Saint-Martin, Monastery of. _Monumenta Franciscana_, Brewer's. _Monumenta Hist. Germanicae, Scriptores_, Pertz'. Moors of Granada. Moor, Sir Thomas de la. Moray. Moray, Randolph, Earl of. Moray, Sir Andrew. Morbihan. Morgan of Caerleon. Morgan, leader of Glamorganshire rebels. Morgarten, battle of. Morlaix. battle of. Morley, Robert. Mortimer, Edmund (d. 1303). Mortimer, Edmund (d. 1381). See March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of. Mortimer, Roger, of Chirk. Mortimer, Roger, of Wigmore (d. 1282). Mortimer, Roger, of Wigmore (d. 1330). See also March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of. Mortimer, Roger, grandson of Roger Mortimer, first Earl of March. Mortimer, Roger, son of Edmund, Earl of March. Mortimer, the house of. _Mortmain_, Statute of. Moselle, the river. Mountchensi, Joan of. Mount Sorrel. Mowbray, John of (of Scotland). Mowbray, John of. Murimuth, Adam. Myton, battle of.

Najarilla, the river. Nájera, battle of. Nantes. Naples. Narbonne. Nassau, Adolf of. King of the Romans. See Adolf, King of the Romans. Navarre, Blanche of Artois, Queen of. See Blanche. Navarre, Henry III., King of. See Henry. Navarre, King of, Charles the Bad. See Charles. Navarre, Philip of. See Philip. Navarre, Theobald IV., King of. See Theobald. Navarre. Navarete, Navy, the English; the French; the Norman. Neath Abbey. Netherlands, the. Neufbourg, house of. Neufbourg, Henry of, Earl of Warwick. See Warwick. Nevers, Louis of. See Louis of Nevers, Count of Flanders. Nevers, the Count of. Neville of Raby, Lord. Neville, Ralph, Bishop of Chichester and Chancellor. Nevilles, the. Neville's Cross, battle of. Newark. Newcastle-on-Tyne. Newport-on-Usk. Nicholas IV., Pope. Nicolas's _History of the Royal Navy_. Nine, Council of. Niort. Nivernais, the. Norfolk; earldom of. Norfolk, Roger Bigod, Earl of. Norfolk, Roger Bigod, Earl of, nephew of above. Norfolk, Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of See Thomas. Norham Castle. Norman architecture. Normandy. Normandy, Charles, Duke of. See Charles. Normandy, John, Duke of. See John, King of France. Normans, the; in Ireland, the. Norsemen in Scotland, the. Northallerton. Northampton; parliaments at; treaty of Brigham confirmed at; treaty of; earldom of. Northampton, William Bohun, Earl of. Northamptonshire. Northburgh, Roger, Bishop of Lichfield or Coventry and treasurer. Northumberland. Norway, Eric, King of. See Eric. Norway, Margaret, the Maid of, Queen of Scotland. See Margaret. Norwich. Norwich, Bishops of. See Ayermine, William, and Pandulf. Nottingham. Nouaillé.

Ochils, the. Ockham, William of. O'Connor, Phelim, King of Connaught. See Connaught. Odiham. O'Donnells, the. Oléron, Isle of. Oliver, illegitimate son of King John. Oloron, treaty of. Oman's _History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages_. O'Neils, the. Oise, the river. Ordainers, the Lords. Order of the Garter, the. Order of the Star, the. Orders, the Religious. Orders of Friars. Orewyn Bridge, battle of. _Originalia_ Rolls, the. Orkneys, the. Orleans, Duke of. Orleton, Adam, Bishop of Hereford. Ormonde, the Butler of Ireland, made Earl of. Ormesby, William, justiciar. Orne, the river. Orvieto. Orwell, port and river. Oseney Abbey; _Annals_ of. Oswestry. O'Tooles, the. Otto, nuncio to England; legate. Otto, Count of Burgundy. Ottobon, Cardinal, legate. Ottocar, King of Bohemia. Ouistreham. Ouse, the river. Owain _Lawgoch. See_ Owen of Wales. Owen of Wales, Sir Owen ap Thomas ap Rhodri. Owen the Red, son of Griffith ap Llewelyn. Owens College _Historical Essays_. Oxford, University of, Balliol College, Merton College, the Provisions of, parliament at, Exeter College. Oxfordshire. Oxnead, John of.