Chapter XXVII: Realism in France

Gustave Courbet and the modern painting of artisan life.--Alfred
Stevens and the painting of "Society."--His followers Auguste
Toulmouche, James Tissot, and others.--In opposition to the
Cinquecento the study of the old Germans, the Lombards, the
Spaniards, the Flemish artists, and the _Rococo_ masters becomes
now a formative influence.--Gustave Ricard, Charles Chaplin,
Gaillard, Paul Dubois, Carolus Duran, Léon Bonnat, Roybet, Blaise
Desgoffe, Philippe Rousseau, Antoine Vollon, François Bonvin,
Théodule Ribot 391

BIBLIOGRAPHY 435

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES IN COLOUR

PAGE
LESLIE: My Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman _Frontispiece_
ROMNEY: Serena 53
LAWRENCE: Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of George IV 60
MACLISE: The Waterfall, Cornwall 64
MORLAND: Horses in a Stable 69
LANDSEER: Jack in Office 76
FROMENTIN: Algerian Falconers 132
ROTTMANN: Lake Kopaïs 234
TURNER: The old Téméraire 268
CONSTABLE: Willy Lott's House 275
BONINGTON: La Place de Molards, Geneva 290
COROT: Landscape 316
MILLET: The Wood-Sawyers 370

IN BLACK AND WHITE

ACHENBACH, ANDREAS.
Sea Coast after a Storm 247
Fishing Boats in the North Sea 249

ADAM, ALBRECHT.
Albrecht Adam and his Sons 112
A Stable in Town 113

BAADE, KNUT.
Moonlight Night on the Coast 253

BECKER, JACOB.
A Tempest 165

BERGE, CHARLES DE LA.
Landscape 263

BOILLY, LEOPOLD.
The Toilette 2
The Newsvendor 3
The Marionettes 4

BONHEUR, ROSA.
The Horse-Fair 351
Ploughing in Nivernois 353

BONINGTON, RICHARD PARKES.
The Windmill of Saint-Jouin 290
Reading Aloud 291
Portrait of Richard Parkes Bonington 293

BONNAT, LÉON.
Adolphe Thiers 423
Victor Hugo 424

BONVIN, FRANÇOIS.
The Cook 427
The Work-Room 428

BRETON, ÉMILE.
The Return of the Reapers 225
The Gleaner 226

BRION, GUSTAVE.
Jean Valjean 221

BUNBURY, WILLIAM HENRY.
Richmond Hill 9

BÜRKEL, HEINRICH.
Portrait of Heinrich Bürkel 143
Brigands Returning 144
A Downpour in the Mountains 145
A Smithy in Upper Bavaria 146

BUSCH, WILHELM.
Portrait of Wilhelm Busch 29

CABAT, LOUIS.
Le Jardin Beaujon 264

CALAME, ALEXANDRE.
Landscape 250

CHAPLIN, CHARLES.
The Golden Age 418
Portrait of Countess Aimery de la Rochefoucauld 419

CHARLET, NICOLAS TOUISSAINT.
Un homme qui boît seul n'est pas digne de vivre 95

CHINTREUIL, ANTOINE.
Landscape: Morning 343

CONSTABLE, JOHN.
Portrait of John Constable 274
Church Porch, Bergholt 275
Dedham Vale 277
The Romantic House 278
The Cornfield 279
Cottage in a Cornfield 283
The Valley Farm 285

COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON.
The Death of the Earl of Chatham 65

COROT, CAMILLE.
Portrait of Camille Corot 306
The Bridge of St. Angelo, Rome 307
Corot at Work 308
Daphnis and Chloe 309
Vue de Toscane 310
At Sunset 311
The Ruin 312
Evening 313
An Evening in Normandy 314
The Dance of the Nymphs 315
A Dance 316
La Route d'Arras 317

COURBET, GUSTAVE.
Portrait of Gustave Courbet 393
The Man with a Leather Belt. Portrait of Himself as
a Youth 394
A Funeral at Ornans 395
The Stone-Breakers 397
The Return from Market 400
The Battle of the Stags 401
A Woman Bathing 402
Deer in Covert 403
Girls lying on the Bank of the Seine 404
A Recumbent Woman 405
Berlioz 406
The Hind on the Snow 407
My Studio after Seven Years of Artistic Life 409
The Wave 412

COX, DAVID.
Crossing the Sands 286
The Shrimpers 287

CROME, JOHN (OLD CROME).
A View near Norwich 273

CRUIKSHANK, GEORGE.
Monstrosities of 1822 6

DANHAUSER, JOSEF.
The Gormandizer 179

DAUBIGNY, CHARLES FRANÇOIS.
Portrait of Charles François Daubigny 335
Springtime 336
A Lock in the Valley of Optevoz 337
On the Oise 338
Shepherd and Shepherdess 339
Landscape: Evening 341

DAUMIER, HONORÉ.
Portrait of Honoré Daumier 37
The Connoisseurs 38
The Mountebanks 39
In the Assize Court 40
"La voilà ... ma Maison de Campagne" 41
Menelaus the Victor 42

DEBUCOURT, LOUIS PHILIBERT.
In the Kitchen 33
The Promenade 34

DECAMPS, ALEXANDRE.
The Swineherd 127
Coming out from a Turkish School 129
The Watering-Place 131

DEFREGGER, FRANZ.
Portrait of Franz Defregger 208
Speckbacher and his Son 209
The Wrestlers 210
Sister and Brothers 211
The Prize Horse 213
Andreas Hofer appointed Governor of the Tyrol 215

DÉTAILLE, EDOUARD.
Salut aux Blessés 111

DIAZ, NARCISSE VIRGILIO.
Portrait of Narcisse Diaz 328
The Descent of the Bohemians 329
Among the Foliage 331
The Tree Trunk 332
Forest Scene 333

DUBOIS, PAUL.
Portrait of my Sons 421

DUPRÉ, JULES.
Portrait of Jules Dupré 318
The House of Jules Dupré at L'isle-Adam 319
The Setting Sun 320
The Bridge at L'isle-Adam 321
Near Southampton 322
The Punt 323
Sunset 324
The Hay-Wain 325
The old Oak 326
The Pool 327

DURAN, CAROLUS.
Portrait of Carolus Duran 422

ENHUBER, CARL.
The Pensioner and his Grandson 163

ERHARD, JOHANN CHRISTOPH.
Portrait of Johann Christoph Erhard 21
A Peasant Scene 22
A Peasant Family 23

FLÀMM, ALBERT.
A Summer Day 251

FLÜGGEN, GISBERT.
The Decision of the Suit 186

FRITH, WILLIAM POWELL.
Poverty and Wealth 89

FROMENTIN, EUGÈNE.
Portrait of Eugène Fromentin 133
Arabian Women returning from drawing Water 134
The Centaurs 135

GAILLARD, FERDINAND.
Portrait 420

GAVARNI (SULPICE GUILLAUME CHEVALIER).
Portrait of Gavarni 43
Thomas Vireloque 44
Fourberies de Femmes 45
Phèdre at the Théâtre Français 48
"Ce qui me manque à moi? Une t'ite mère comme ça,
qu'aurait soin de mon linge" 49

GILLRAY, JAMES.
Affability 5

GRÉVIN, ALFRED.
Nos Parisiennes 51

GRÜTZNER, EDUARD.
Twelfth Night 219

GUILLAUMET, GUSTAVE.
The Séguia, near Biskra 136
A Dwelling in the Sahara 137

GURLITT, LUDWIG.
On the Sabine Mountains 245

GUYS, CONSTANTIN.
Study of a Woman 50

HARPIGNIES, HENRI.
Moonrise 344

HÉBERT, ERNEST.
The Malaria 123

HESS, PETER.
The Reception of King Otto in Nauplia 114
A Morning at Partenkirche 142

HÜBNER, CARL.
July 187

HUET, PAUL.
Portrait of Paul Huet 265
The Inundation at St. Cloud 266

HUGO, VICTOR.
Ruins of a Mediæval Castle on the Rhine 261

JACQUE, CHARLES.
The Return to the Byre (Etching) 355
A Flock of Sheep on the Road 356
Millet at Work in his Studio 365
Millet's House at Barbizon 366

KAUFFMANN, HERMANN.
Woodcutters Returning 154
A Sandy Road 155
Returning from the Fields 156

KEENE, CHARLES.
The Perils of the Deep 17
From "Our People" 19

KIRNER, JOHANN.
The Fortune Teller 162

KLEIN, JOHANN ADAM.
A Travelling Landscape Painter 20

KNAUS, LOUIS.
Portrait of Louis Knaus 195
In great Distress 196
The Card-Players 197
The Golden Wedding 199
Behind the Scenes 201

KOBELL, WILLIAM.
A Meeting 141

KOCH, JOSEPH ANTON.
Portrait of Josef Anton Koch 231

KRAFFT, PETER.
The Soldier's Return 170

LANDSEER, SIR EDWIN.
A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society 72
The last Mourner at the Shepherd's Grave 73
High Life 74
Low Life 75

LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS.
Mrs. Siddons 57
Princess Amelia 58
The English Mother 59
The Countess Gower 61

LEECH, JOHN.
The Children of Mr. and Mrs. Blenkinsop 11
Little Spicey and Tater Sam 11
From "Children of the Mobility" 12

LELEUX, ADOLPHE.
Mot d'ordre 181

LESLIE, CHARLES ROBERT.
Sancho and the Duchess 87

LESSING, CARL FRIEDRICH.
Portrait of Carl Friedrich Lessing 239
The Wayside Madonna 240

MACLISE, DANIEL.
Noah's Sacrifice 67
Malvolio and the Countess 68

MADOU, JEAN BAPTISTE.
In the Ale-house 172
The Drunkard 173

MARCHAL, CHARLES.
The Hiring Fair 223

MARCKE, EMILE VAN.
La Falaise 354

MARILHAT, PROSPER.
A Halt 132

DU MAURIER, GEORGE.
The Dancing Lesson 13
A Recollection of Dieppe 14
Down to Dinner 15
A Wintry Walk 16

MEISSONIER, ERNEST.
Portrait of Ernest Meissonier 101
1814 103
The Outpost 105

MEYERHEIM, FRIEDRICH EDUARD.
Portrait of Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim 157
Children at Play 158
The King of the Shooting Match 159
The Morning Hour 160
The Knitting Lesson 161

MICHEL, GEORGES.
A Windmill 262

MILLAIS, SIR JOHN EVERETT.
George du Maurier 12

MILLET, JEAN FRANÇOIS.
Portrait of Himself 361
The House at Gruchy 363
The Winnower 367
A Man making Faggots 368
The Gleaners 369
Vine-dresser Resting 371
At the Well 373
Burning Weeds 375
The Angelus 377
The Shepherdess and her Sheep 378
The Shepherd at the Pen at Nightfall 379
A Woman feeding Chickens 380
The Shepherdess 381
The Labourer Grafting a Tree 383
A Woman Knitting 384
The Rainbow 385
The Barbizon Stone 387

MONNIER, HENRI.
A Chalk Drawing 35
Joseph Proudhomme 36

MORGENSTERN, CHRISTIAN.
A Peasant Cottage (Etching) 243

MORLAND, GEORGE.
The Corn Bin 69
Going to the Fair 70
The Return from Market 71

MULLER, WILLIAM.
Prayer in the Desert 138
The Amphitheatre at Xanthus 288

MULREADY, WILLIAM.
Fair Time 88
Crossing the Ford 91

DE NEUVILLE, ALPHONSE.
Portrait of Alphonse de Neuville 107
Le Bourget 109

NEWTON, GILBERT STUART.
Yorick and the Grisette 83

OBERLÄNDER, ADOLF.
Variations on the Kissing Theme. Rethel 30
Variations on the Kissing Theme. Gabriel Max 30
Variations on the Kissing Theme. Hans Makart 31
Portrait of Adolf Oberländer 31
Variations on the Kissing Theme. Genelli 32
Variations on the Kissing Theme. Alma Tadema 32

PETTENKOFEN, AUGUST VON.
A Hungarian Village (Pencil Drawing) 224

PRELLER, FRIEDRICH.
Portrait of Friedrich Preller 235
Ulysses and Leucothea 237

RAEBURN, SIR HENRY.
Sir Walter Scott 63

RAFFET, AUGUSTE MARIE.
Portrait of Auguste Marie Raffet 96
The Parade 97
1807 98
Polish Infantry 99
The Midnight Review 100

REID, SIR GEORGE.
Portrait of Charles Keene 18

RIBOT, THÉODULE.
The Studio 429
At a Norman Inn 430
Keeping Accounts 431
St. Sebastian, Martyr 432

RICARD, GUSTAVE.
Madame de Calonne 417

RICHTER, LUDWIG.
Portrait of Ludwig Richter 24
Home 25
The End of the Day 26
Spring 27
After Work it's good to rest 28

RIEDEL, AUGUST.
The Neapolitan Fisherman's Family 124
Judith 125

ROBERT, HUBERT.
Monuments and Ruins 259

ROBERT, LEOPOLD.
Portrait of Leopold Robert 119
Fishers of the Adriatic 120
The Coming of the Reapers to the Pontine Marshes 121

ROMNEY, GEORGE.
Portrait of George Romney 55
Lady Hamilton as Euphrosyne 56

ROTTMANN, KARL.
Portrait of Karl Rottmann 232
The Coast of Sicily 233

ROUSSEAU, THÉODORE.
Portrait of Théodore Rousseau 295
Morning 296
Landscape, Morning Effect 297
The Village of Becquigny in Picardy 299
La Hutte 301
Evening 302
Sunset 303
The Lake among the Rocks at Barbizon 304
A Pond, Forest of Fontainebleau 305

ROWLANDSON, THOMAS.
Harmony 7

SCHIRMER, JOHANN WILHELM.
An Italian Landscape 241

SCHNETZ, VICTOR.
An Italian Shepherd 122

SPITZWEG, CARL.
Portrait of Carl Spitzweg 147
At the Garret Window 148
A Morning Concert 149
The Postman 151

STEVENS, ALFRED.
The Lady in Pink 413
La Bête à bon Dieu 414
The Japanese Mask 415
The Visitors 416

TASSAERT, OCTAVE.
Portrait of Octave Tassaert 182
After the Ball 183
The Orphans 184
The Suicide 185

TIDEMAND, ADOLF.
The Sectarians 167
Adorning the Bride 169

TROYON, CONSTANT.
Portrait of Constant Troyon 345
In Normandy: Cows Grazing 346
Crossing the Stream 347
The Return to the Farm 348
A Cow scratching Herself 349

TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM.
Portrait of J. M. W. Turner 267
A Shipwreck 268
Dido building Carthage 269
Jumièges 270
Landscape with the Sun rising in a Mist 271
Venice 272

VAUTIER, BENJAMIN.
Portrait of Benjamin Vautier 202
The Conjurer 203
The Dancing Lesson 205
November 207

VERNET, HORACE.
The Wounded Zouave 93

VOLLON, ANTOINE.
Portrait of Antoine Vollon 425
A Carnival Scene 426

WALDMÜLLER, FERDINAND.
The First Step 171

WALLANDER, WILHELM.
The Return 227

WEBSTER, THOMAS.
The Rubber 85

WEST, BENJAMIN.
The Death of Nelson 64

WIERTZ, ANTOINE.
The Orphans 189
The Things of the Present as seen by Future Ages 191
The Fight round the Body of Patroclus 192

WILKIE, DAVID.
Blind-Man's-Buff 77
A Guerilla Council of War in a Spanish Posada 79
The Blind Fiddler 80
The Penny Wedding 81
The First Earring 82

DE WINT, PETER.
Nottingham 289