Chapter V: Section III: Analysis and Combinations of the Faculties (1)

1. AMATIVENESS.

Conjugal love; attachment to the opposite sex; desire to love, be loved, and marry; adapted to perpetuate the race. It causes those mutual attractions which exist between the sexes; creates love; induces marriage; eventuates in offspring; renders woman winning, persuasive, urbane, affectionate, loving, and lovely; and develops all the feminine charms and graces; and makes man noble in feeling and bearing; elevated in aspiration; tender and bland in manner; affectionate toward woman; pure in feeling; highly susceptible to female charms; and clothes him with that dignity, power, and persuasiveness, which accompanies the masculine. Perverted, it occasions a grossness and vulgarity in expression and action; licentiousness in all its forms; a feverish state of mind; and depraves all the other propensities; treats the other sex merely as a minister to passion; now caressing, and now abusing them; and renders the love-feeling every way gross, animal, and depraved.

LARGE.--Is strongly attracted toward the opposite sex; admires and loves their beauty and excellencies; easily wins their affectionate regards, or kindles their love; has many warm friends, if not admirers, among them; loves young and powerfully, and wields a potent influence for good or evil over the destinies of its subject, according as it is well or ill placed; with Adhesiveness and Union for Life large, will mingle pure friendship with devoted love; cannot flourish alone, but must have its matrimonial mate, with whom it will be capable of becoming perfectly identified, and whom it will invest with almost superhuman perfections, by magnifying their charms and overlooking their defects; in the sunshine of whose love it will be perfectly happy, but proportionally miserable without it; with Ideality and the mental temperament large, will experience a fervor and intensity of first love, amounting almost to ecstacy or romance; can marry those only who combine refinement of manners with correspondingly strong attachments; with Philoprogenitiveness and Benevolence also large, will be eminently qualified to enjoy the domestic relations; to be happy in home, and render home happy; with Inhabitiveness also large, will set a high value on house and place, long to return home when absent, and consider family and children as the greatest treasures of its being; with large Conscientiousness, will keep the marriage relations inviolate, and regard unfaithfulness as the greatest of sins; with Combativeness large, will defend the objects of its love with great spirit, and resent powerfully any indignity offered to them; with Alimentiveness large, will enjoy eating with the family dearly; with Approbativeness large, cannot endure to be blamed by those it loves; with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express love guardedly, and much less than it experiences; but with Secretiveness small, will show, in every look and action, the full, unveiled feeling of the mind; with Firmness and Self-Esteem large, will sustain interrupted love with fortitude, yet suffer much damage of mind and health therefrom; but with Self-Esteem moderate, will feel crushed and broken down by disappointment; with the moral faculties predominant, can love those only whose moral tone is pure and elevated; with predominant Ideality, and only average intellectual faculties, will prefer those who are showy and gay, to those who are sensible yet less beautiful; but with Ideality less than the intellectual and moral organs, will prefer those who are substantial and valuable more than showy; with Mirthfulness, Time, and Tune, will love dancing, lively society, etc.: p. 57.

VERY LARGE.--Confers the strongest possible inclination to love; exercises an absolute influence over character and conduct; must always have a congenial spirit whom to love, and by whom to be loved; is capable of the highest order of love, and is proportionally beautified thereby; can love with complete devotedness, even under unfavorable circumstances, and has a most important element for conjugal happiness and a matrimonial partner; its combinations will be somewhat the same as those under Amativeness large, allowance being made for the increased power of this faculty: p. 58.

FULL.--Possesses rather strong susceptibilities of love, and conjugal affinity and unity to a congenial spirit; is capable of much purity, intensity, and cordiality of love; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, will render good service in the family; with Secretiveness large, will manifest less love than it feels, and show little in promiscuous society; with a highly susceptible temperament, will experience great intensity of love, and evince a good degree of masculine or feminine excellence: p. 59.

AVERAGE.--Is capable of fair sexual attachments, and conjugal love, provided it is properly placed and fully called out; experiences a greater or less degree of love in proportion to its activity; renders the son quite attached to mother and sisters, and fond of female society, and endowed with a fair share of the masculine element, yet not remarkable for its perfection, makes woman quite winning and attractive, yet not particularly susceptible to love; renders the daughter fond of father and brothers, and desirous of the society of men, yet not extremely so; and capable of a fair share of conjugal devotedness under favorable circumstances; combined with an ardent temperament, and large Adhesiveness and Ideality, gives a pure and platonic cast of love, yet cannot assimilate with a coarse temperament or a dissimilar Phrenology; is refined, and faithful, yet has more friendship than passion; can love those only who are just to its liking; with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express less love than it feels, and that equivocally and by piecemeal, nor then till its loved one is fully committed; with Cautiousness, Approbativeness and Veneration large, and Self-Esteem small, will be diffident in promiscuous society, yet enjoy the company of a select few of the opposite sex; with Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscientiousness large, and Self-Esteem small, will be kind and affectionate in the family, yet not particularly fond of caressing or being caressed; and will do much to make family happy, yet will manifest less fondness and tenderness; with Order, Approbativeness, and Ideality large, will seek in a companion personal neatness and polish of manners; with full intellectual and moral faculties, will base its conjugal attachments in the higher qualities of the affections, rather than their personal attractiveness or strength of passion; but with a commonplace temperament, and not so full moral and intellectual faculties, will be an indifferent companion: p. 56.

MODERATE.--Will be rather deficient, though not palpably so in the love element; show little desire to caress or be caressed; will love the mental excellences of the other sex more than personal beauty, and find it difficult to sympathize with a conjugal partner, unless the natural harmony between the parties is well-nigh perfect; cares less for marriage, and could live an unmarried life without inconvenience; can love but once, and should marry only the first love, because the love-principle will not be sufficiently strong to overcome the difficulties incident to a second love, or the want of a congenial companion, and find more pleasure in other things than in the matrimonial relations; with an excitable temperament, will experience greater warmth and ardor, than depth and uniformity of love; with Approbativeness large, will soon become alienated from a lover by rebukes and fault-finding; with Adhesiveness and the moral and intellectual faculties large, can become strongly attached to those who are highly moral and intellectual, yet experiences no affinity for any other, and to be happy in marriage, must base it in the higher faculties: p. 59.

SMALL.--Feels little conjugal or sexual love, and desire to marry; is cold, coy, distant, and reserved toward the other sex; experiences but little of the beautifying and elevating influence of love, and should not marry, because incapable of appreciating its relations and making a companion happy: p. 59.

VERY SMALL.--Is passively continent, and almost destitute of love: p. 60.

2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS.

Parental love; attachment to one's own offspring; love of children, pets, and animals generally, especially those young or small; adapted to that infantile condition in which man enters the world, and to children's need of parental care and education. This faculty renders children the richest treasure of their parents; casts into the shade all the toil and expense they cause, and lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or distance tears them asunder. It is much larger in woman than in man; and nature requires mothers to take the principal care of infants. Perverted, it spoils children by excessive fondness, pampering, and humoring.

LARGE.--Loves its own children devotedly; values them above all price; cheerfully endures toil and watching for their sake; forbears with their faults; wins their love; delights to play with them, and cheerfully sacrifices to promote their interests; with Continuity large, mourns long and incessantly over their loss; with Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem large, is kind, yet insists on being obeyed; with Self-Esteem and Destructiveness moderate, is familiar with, and liable to be ruled by them; with Firmness only average, fails to manage them with a steady hand; with Cautiousness large, suffers extreme anxiety if they are sick or in danger; with large moral and intellectual organs, and less Combativeness and Destructiveness, governs them more by moral suasion than physical force--by reason than fear--is neither too strict nor over-indulgent; with Approbativeness large, values their moral character as of the utmost importance; with Veneration and Conscientiousness large, is particularly interested in their moral improvement; with large excitability, Combativeness, and Destructiveness, and only average Firmness, will be, by turns, too indulgent, and over-provoked--will pet them one minute, and punish them the next; with larger Approbativeness and Ideality than intellect, will educate them more for show than usefulness--more fashionably than substantially--and dress them off in the extreme of fashion; with a large and active brain, large moral and intellectual faculties, and Firmness, and only full Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem, is well calculated to teach and manage the young. It renders farmers fond of stock, dogs, etc., and women fond of birds, lap-dogs, etc.; girls fond of dolls, and boys of being among horses and cattle; and creates a general interest in young and small animals: p. 62.

VERY LARGE.--Experiences the feeling above described with still greater intensity and power; almost idolizes its children, grieves immeasurably at their loss, and, with large Continuity, refuses to be comforted; with very large Benevolence and only moderate Destructiveness, cannot bear to see them punished, and, with only moderate Causality, is liable to spoil them by over-indulgence; with large Approbativeness added, indulges parental vanity and conceit; with large Cautiousness and disordered nerves, is always cautioning them, and indulges a world of groundless apprehensions about them with Acquisitiveness moderate, makes them many presents, and lavishes money upon them, but with large Acquisitiveness lays up fortunes for them; with large moral and intellectual organs, is indulgent, yet loves them too well to spoil them, and does his utmost to cultivate their higher faculties, etc.,: p. 63.

FULL.--Loves its children well, yet not passionately--does much for them, yet not more than is necessary--and with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-esteem, is too severe, and makes but little allowance for their faults; but with Benevolence, Adhesiveness, and Conscientiousness large, does and sacrifices much, to supply their wants and render them happy. Its character, however, will be mainly determined by its combinations: p. 63.

AVERAGE.--Loves its own children tolerably well, yet cares but little for those of others; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, likes them better as they grow older, yet does and cares little for infants--is not duly tender to them, or forbearing toward their faults, and should cultivate parental fondness, especially if Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem are large, and conscience only moderate: p. 61.

MODERATE.--Is not fond enough of children; cannot bear much from them; fails to please or take good care of them, particularly of infants; cannot endure to hear them cry, or make a noise, or disturb his things; and with an excitable temperament, and large Combativeness, is liable to punish them for trifling offences, find much fault with them, and be sometimes cruel; yet, with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, may do what is necessary for their comfort: p. 64.

SMALL.--Cares little for its own children, and still less for those of others; and with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, is liable to treat them unkindly and harshly, and is utterly unqualified to have charge of them: p. 64.

VERY SMALL.--Has little or no perceptible parental love, or regard for children, but conducts toward them as the other faculties dictate: p. 64.

3. ADHESIVENESS.

Friendship; social feeling; love of society; desire to congregate, associate, visit, seek company, entertain friends, form and reciprocate attachments, and indulge friendly feelings. When perverted, it forms attachments for the low, vulgar, or vicious, and leads to bad company. Adapted to man's requisition for concert of action, co-partnership, combination, and community of feeling and interest, and is a leading element of his social relations.

LARGE.--Is a warm, cordial, ardent friend; readily forms friendships, and attracts friendly regards in return; must have society of some kind; with Benevolence large, is hospitable, and delights to entertain friends; with Alimentiveness large, loves the social banquet, and sets the best before friends; with Approbativeness large, sets the world by their commendation, but is terribly cut by their rebukes; with the moral faculties large, seeks the society of the moral and elevated, and can enjoy the friendship of no others; with the intellectual faculties large, seeks the friendship of the intelligent; with Language large, and Secretiveness small, talks freely in company; and with Mirthfulness and Ideality also large, is full of fun, and gives a lively, jocose turn to conversation, yet is elevated and refined; with Self-Esteem large, leads off in company, and gives tone and character to others; but with Self-Esteem small, receives character from friends, and, with Imitation large, is liable to copy their faults as well as virtues; with Cautiousness, Secretiveness, and Approbativeness large, is apt to be jealous of regards bestowed upon others, and exclusive in its choice of friends--having a few that are select, rather than many that are common-place; with large Causality and Comparison, loves philosophical conversation, literary societies, etc.; and is every way social and companionable: p. 65.

VERY LARGE.--Loves friends with tenderness, and intense friendship, and will sacrifice almost any thing for their sake; with Amativeness large, is susceptible of the highest order of conjugal love, yet bases that love primarily in friendship; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, defends friends with great spirit, and resents and retaliates their injuries; with Self-Esteem moderate, takes character from associates; with Acquisitiveness moderate, allows friends the free use of its purse but with Acquisitiveness large, will do, more than give; with Benevolence and Approbativeness moderate, and Acquisitiveness only full, will spend money freely for social gratification; with Self-Esteem and Combativeness large, must be first or nothing; but with only average Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem, large Approbativeness, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Ideality, Marvellousness, and reasoning organs, will have many friends, and but few enemies--be amiable and universally beloved; with large Eventuality and Language, will remember, with vivid emotions, by-gone scenes of social cheer, and friendly converse; with large reasoning organs, will give good advice to friends, and lay excellent plans for them; with smaller Secretiveness and large moral organs, will not believe ill of friends, and dreads the interruption of friendship as the greatest of calamities, and willingly makes any sacrifice required by friendship, and evinces a perpetual flow of that commingling of soul, and desire to become one with others, which this faculty inspires: p. 65.

FULL.--Makes a sociable, companionable, warm-hearted friend, who will sacrifice much on the altar of friendship, yet offer up friendship on the altar of the stronger passions; with large or very large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, Approbativeness and Acquisitiveness, will serve self first, and friends afterward; form attachments, and break them, when they conflict with the stronger faculties; with large Secretiveness, and moderate Conscientiousness, will be double-faced, and profess more friendship than possess; with Benevolence large, will cheerfully aid friends, yet it will be more from sympathy than affection; will have a few warm friends, yet only few, but perhaps many speaking acquaintances; and with the higher faculties generally large, will be a true, good friend, yet by no means enthusiastic; many of the combinations under Adhesiveness large, apply to it when full, due allowance being made for its diminished power: p. 66.

AVERAGE.--Is capable of tolerably strong friendships, yet their character is determined by the larger faculties; enjoys present friends, yet sustains their absence; with large Acquisitiveness, places business before friends, and sacrifices them whenever they conflict with money-making; with Benevolence large, is more kind than affectionate, relishes friends, yet sacrifices no great deal for their sake; with Amativeness large, loves the presence of the other sex more than their minds, and experiences less conjugal love than animal passion; with Approbativeness large, breaks friendships when ridiculed or rebuked, and with Secretiveness large, and Conscientiousness only average, cannot be trusted as a friend: p. 64.

MODERATE.--Loves society somewhat, and forms a few, but only few attachments, and these only partial; has more speaking acquaintances than intimate friends; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is easily offended with friends, and seldom retains them long; with large Benevolence, will bestow services, and, with moderate Acquisitiveness, money, more readily than affection; and with the selfish faculties strong, takes care of self first, and makes friendship subservient to interest: p. 67.

SMALL.--Thinks and cares little for friends; dislikes copartnership; is cold-hearted, unsocial, and selfish; takes little delight in company, but prefers to be alone; has few friends, and, with large selfish faculties, many enemies, and manifests too little of this faculty to exert a perceptible influence upon character: p. 67.

VERY SMALL.--Is a perfect stranger to friendship: p. 67.

A. UNION FOR LIFE.

Attachment to ONE, and BUT ONE conjugal partner for life. Adapted to the pairing principle in man and animals, and is located between Adhesiveness and Amativeness. Some birds, such as geese, eagles, robins, etc., pair for life, and remain true to their connubial attachment; while hens, turkies, sheep, horses, and neat cattle, associate promiscuously, which shows that it is a faculty distinct from Amativeness and Adhesiveness.

LARGE.--Seeks one, and but one sexual mate; experiences the keenest disappointment when love is interrupted; is perfectly satisfied with the society of that one, and can truly love no other, and retains that love even after its object is dead; may love and marry another, but it will be more from motives of policy than pure conjugal union; and should exert every faculty to win the heart and hand of the one beloved; nor allow any thing to alienate their affections, because certain ruin to mind and body is consequent thereon.

VERY LARGE.--Possesses the element of conjugal union, and flowing together of soul, in the highest degree, and, with Continuity large, becomes broken-hearted when disappointed, and comparatively worthless in this world; seeks death rather than life; regards this union as the gem of life, and its loss as worse than death; and should manifest the utmost care to bestow itself only where it can be reciprocated for life.

FULL.--Can love cordially, yet is capable of changing its object, especially if Continuity be moderate; will love for life provided circumstances are favorable, yet will not bear every thing from a lover or companion, and, if one love is interrupted, will form another.

AVERAGE.--Is disposed to love but one for life, yet is capable of changing its object, and, with Secretiveness and Approbativeness large, and Conscientiousness only full, is capable of coquetry, especially if Amativeness is large, and Adhesiveness only full, and the temperament more powerful than fine-grained; such should cultivate this faculty, and not allow their other faculties to break their first love.

MODERATE.--Is somewhat disposed to love only once, yet allows other stronger faculties to interrupt first love, and, with Amativeness large, can form one attachment after another with comparative ease, yet is not true as a lover, nor faithful to first love.

SMALL.--Cares but little for first love, and seeks the promiscuous society and affection of the opposite sex, rather than a single partner for life.

VERY SMALL.--Manifests none of this faculty, and experiences too little to be cognizable.

4. INHABITIVENESS.

The HOME feeling; love of HOUSE, the PLACE where one was born or has lived, and of home associations. Adapted to man's need of an abiding place, in which to exercise the family feelings; patriotism. Perversion--homesickness when away from home.

LARGE.--Has a strong desire to locate young, to have a home or room exclusively to itself; leaves home with great reluctance, and returns with extreme delight; soon becomes attached to house, sleeping-room, garden, fields, furniture, etc.; and highly prizes domestic associations; nor is satisfied till it has a place on which to expend this home instinct; with Philoprogenitiveness, Adhesiveness, Individuality, and Locality large, will love to travel, yet be too fond of home to stay away long at a time; may be a cosmopolite in early life, and see much of the world; but will afterward settle down in one spot; but with Approbativeness and Combativeness large, will defend national honor, praise its own country, government, etc.; and defend both country and fireside with great spirit; with Ideality large, is well adapted to beautify home; with Friendship large, will delight to see friends at home, rather than abroad; with Alimentiveness large, will enjoy food at home better than elsewhere, etc.: p. 68.

VERY LARGE.--Is liable to be homesick when away from home, especially for the first time, and the more so if Philoprogenitiveness and Adhesiveness are large; will suffer almost any inconvenience, and forego bright prospects rather than leave home; and remain in an inferior house or place of business, rather than change. Its combinations will be analogous to those under Inhabitiveness large: p. 68.

FULL.--Prefers to live in one place, yet willingly changes it when interest or the other faculties require it; and with large Philoprogenitiveness, Adhesiveness, and Amativeness, will think more of family and friends than of the domicile: p. 69.

AVERAGE.--Loves home tolerably well, yet with no great fervor, and changes the place of abode as the other faculties may dictate; takes no great interest in house or place, as such, or pleasure in their improvement, and is satisfied with ordinary home comforts; with Acquisitiveness large, spends reluctantly for its improvement; with Constructiveness moderate, takes little pleasure in building additions to home; with Individuality and Locality large, loves traveling more than staying in one place, and is satisfied with inferior home accommodations: p. 68.

MODERATE OR SMALL.--Cares little for home; leaves it without much regret; contemplates it with little delight; takes little pains in its improvement; and with Acquisitiveness large, spends reluctantly for its improvement: p. 69.

VERY SMALL.--Experiences almost none of this faculty, and manifests still less: p. 69.

5. CONTINUITY.

A patient DWELLING upon one thing till it is finished; CONSECUTIVENESS and CONNECTEDNESS of thought and feeling. Adapted to man's need of doing one thing at a time. Perversion--prolixity, repetition, and excessive amplification.

LARGE.--Gives the whole mind to the one thing in hand till it is finished; completes as it goes; keeps up one common train of thought, or current of feeling, for a long time; is disconcerted if attention is directed to a second object, and cannot duly consider another; with Adhesiveness large, pores sadly over the loss of friends for months and years; with the Moral faculties large, is uniform and consistent in religious exercises and character; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, retains grudges and dislikes for a long time; with Ideality, Comparison, and Language large, amplifies figures of speech, and sustains figurative expressions; with the intellectual faculties strong, cons and pores over one thing, and imparts a unity and completeness to intellectual investigations; becomes thorough in whatever study it commences, and delays rather than commences mental operations: p. 70.

VERY LARGE.--Fixes the mind upon objects slowly, yet cannot leave them unfinished; has great application, yet lacks intensity or point; is tedious, prolix, and thorough in few things, rather than an amateur in many: p. 70.

FULL.--Dwells continuously upon subjects, unless especially called to others; prefers to finish up the matter in hand, and can, though with difficulty, give attention to other things; with the business organs large, makes final settlements; with the feelings large, fixes their action, yet is not monotonous, etc.: p. 71.

AVERAGE.--Can dwell upon things, or divert attention to others, as occasion requires; is not confused by interruption, yet prefers one thing at a time; with the intellectual organs large, is not a smatterer, nor yet profound; with the mental temperament, is clear in style, and consecutive in idea, yet never tedious; with Comparison large, manufactures expressions and ideas consecutively, and connectedly, and always to the point, yet never dwells unduly: p. 70.

MODERATE.--Loves and indulges variety, and change of thought, feeling, occupation, etc.; is not confused by them; rather lacks application; with a good intellectual lobe, and an active temperament, knows a little about a good many things, rather than much about any one thing; with an active organization thinks clearly, and has unity and intensity of thought and feeling, yet lacks connectedness; with large Language and small Secretiveness, talks easily, but not long at a time upon one thing; does better on the spur of the moment, than by previous preparation; and should cultivate consistency of character and fixedness of mind, by finishing as he goes all he begins: p. 71.

SMALL.--With activity great, commences many things, yet finishes few; craves novelty and variety; puts many irons into the fire; lacks application; jumps rapidly from premise to conclusion, and fails to connect and carry out ideas; is a creature of impulse; lacks steadiness and consistency of character; may be brilliant, yet cannot be profound; humming-bird like, flies rapidly from thing to thing, but does not stay long; has many good thoughts, yet they are scattered; and talks on a great variety of subjects in a short time, but fails sadly in consecutiveness of feeling, thought, and action. An illustrative anecdote. An old and faithful servant to a passionate, petulant master, finally told him he could endure his testiness no longer, and must leave, though with extreme reluctance. "But," replied the master, "you know I am no sooner mad than pleased again." "Aye, but," replied the servant, "you are no sooner pleased than mad again:" p. 71.

VERY SMALL.--Is restless, and given to perpetual change; with activity great, is composed of gusts and counter-gusts of passion, and never one thing more than an instant at a time: p. 72.

SELFISH PROPENSITIES.

These provide for man's ANIMAL wants; create those desires and instincts which relate more especially to his animal existence and habitual wants.

LARGE.--Gives strong animal desires; creates that selfishness which takes good care of number one; is strongly attached to this world and its pleasures; and, with activity great, uses vigorous exertions to accomplish worldly and personal ends; with the moral organs less than the selfish, connected with bodily disease, is liable to the depraved and sensual manifestation; but with the moral and intellectual organs large, and a healthy organization, gives force, energy, determination, and that efficiency which accomplishes much.

VERY LARGE.--Experiences these animal impulses with still greater intensity; enjoys animal existence and pleasures with the keenest relish; and with great excitability or a fevered state of body, produces a strong tendency to sensual gratification, and sinful desires; yet when properly directed, and sanctified by the higher faculties, gives tremendous force of character, and energy of mind.

FULL.--Creates a good share of energy and physical force, yet no more than is necessary to cope with surrounding difficulties; and, with large moral and intellectual faculties, manifests more mental than physical force.

AVERAGE.--Gives a fair share of animal force, yet hardly enough to grapple with life's troubles and wrongs; with large moral and intellectual faculties, has more goodness than efficiency, and enjoys quiet more than conflict with men; and fails to manifest what goodness and talent are possessed.

MODERATE.--Rather lacks efficiency; yields to difficulties; wants fortitude and determination; fails to assert and maintain rights; and with large moral organs, is good-hearted, moral, etc.; yet borders on tameness.

SMALL, OR VERY SMALL.--Accomplishes little; lacks courage and force, and with large intellectual organs, is talented, yet utterly fails to manifest that talent; and with large moral organs, is so good as to be good for nothing.

E. VITATIVENESS.

TENACITY of life; resistance to death; love of existence as such; dreads annihilation; loves life, and clings tenaciously to it for its own sake.

LARGE.--Struggles resolutely through fits of sickness, and will not give up to die till it is absolutely compelled to do so. With large animal organs, clings to life on account of this world's gratifications; with large moral organs, to do good--to promote human happiness, etc.; with large social faculties, loves life both for its own sake and to bless family; with very large Cautiousness, dreads to change the present mode of existence, and with large and perverted Veneration and Conscientiousness, and small Hope, has an indescribable dread of entering upon an untried future state; but with Hope large, and a cultivated intellect, expects to exist hereafter, etc.

VERY LARGE.--Shrinks from death, and clings to life with desperation; struggles with the utmost determination against disease and death; nor gives up to die till the very last, and then by the hardest; with Cautiousness very large, and Hope moderate, shudders at the very thought of dying, or being dead; but with Hope large, expects to live against hope and experience. Combinations like those under large, allowance being made for the increase of this faculty.

FULL.--Loves life, and clings tenaciously to it, yet not extravagantly; hates to die, yet yields to disease and death, though reluctantly.

AVERAGE.--Enjoys life, and clings to it with a fair degree of earnestness, yet by no means with passionate fondness; and with a given constitution and health, will die easier and sooner than with this faculty large.

MODERATE OR SMALL.--Likes to live, yet cares no great about existence for its own sake; with large animal or domestic organs, may wish to live on account of family, or business, or worldly pleasure, yet cares less about it for its _own sake_, and yields up existence with little reluctance or dread.

VERY SMALL.--Has no desire to live merely for the sake of living, but only to gratify other faculties.

6. COMBATIVENESS.

RESISTANCE; OPPOSITION; DEFENCE; DEFIANCE; BOLDNESS; COURAGE; RESENTMENT; SPIRIT; WILLINGNESS to ENCOUNTER; SELF-PROTECTION; PRESENCE OF MIND; DETERMINATION; GET-OUT-OF-MY-WAY; LET-ME-AND-MINE-ALONE. Adapted to man's requisition for overcoming obstacles, contending for rights, etc. Perversion--anger; contrariety; fault-finding; contention; ill-nature; and fighting.

LARGE.--Imparts a bold, resolute, fearless, determined spirit; disposes to grapple with and remove obstacles, and drives whatever it undertakes; loves debate and opposition; gives great coolness, intrepidity, and presence of mind in time of danger, and nerves one for encounter; with large Philoprogenitiveness, takes the part of children; with large Inhabitiveness, defends country; with a powerful muscular system, enhances the strength in lifting, working, and all kinds of manual labor; with great Vitativeness and Destructiveness, defends life with desperation; with large Acquisitiveness maintains pecuniary rights, and drives money-making plans; with large Approbativeness, resents insult, and large Adhesiveness added, defends the character of friends; with full or large Self-Esteem, defends personal interest, takes its own part with spirit, and repels all aggressions; with Self-Esteem small, and Benevolence and Friendship large, defends the interest of friends more than of self; with large Conscientiousness, prosecutes the right, and opposes the wrong; with large intellectual organs, imparts vigor, power, and impressiveness to thoughts, expressions, etc.; with disordered nerves, is peevish, fretful, fault-finding, irritable, dissatisfied, unreasonable, and fiery in anger, and should first restore the nerves to health, and then restrain this fault-finding disposition, by remembering that the cause is IN THEM, instead of in what they fret at: p. 75.

VERY LARGE.--Manifests those functions ascribed to Combativeness large, only in a still higher degree; and with a fevered stomach, is afflicted and torments others with an ungovernable temper, together with unqualified bitterness and hatefulness: p. 77.

FULL.--Evinces those feelings described under large, yet in a less degree, and is modified more by the larger organs; thus, with large moral and intellectual faculties, evinces much more moral than physical courage, maintains the right and opposes the wrong--yet, with Firmness large, in a decided rather than in a combative spirit, etc.: p. 78.

AVERAGE.--Evinces the combative spirit according to circumstances; when vigorously opposed, or when any of the other faculties work in conjunction with Combativeness, shows a good degree of the opposing, energetic spirit; but, when any of the other faculties, such as large Cautiousness or Approbativeness work against it, it evinces irresolution, and even cowardice; with an active temperament, and disordered nerves, especially if dyspeptic, has a quick, sharp, fiery temper, yet lacks power of anger--will fret and threaten, yet will mean but little; with a large brain, and large moral and intellectual organs, will evince some intellectual and moral force, when once thoroughly roused, which will be but seldom; with large Approbativeness, and small Acquisitiveness, will defend character, but not pecuniary rights; with large Cautiousness, may be courageous where there is no danger, yet will run rather than fight; with smaller Cautiousness, will show some resentment when imposed upon, but submit rather tamely to injuries; with very large Philoprogenitiveness, and only average friendship, will resent any injuries offered to children with great spirit, yet not resent indignities offered to friends, etc.: p. 75.

MODERATE.--Rather lacks efficiency; with only fair muscles, is a poor worker, and fails to put forth even what little strength is possessed; with good moral and intellectual organs, possesses talent and moral worth, yet is easily overcome by opposition or difficulty; should seek some quiet occupation, where business comes in of itself, because it cannot urge itself unbidden upon the attention of others; is too good to be energetic; with weak Acquisitiveness, allows virtual robbery without resentment; with large Cautiousness, is tame and pusillanimous; with large Approbativeness, cannot stand rebuke, but will endure it; with moderate Self-Esteem and Hope, is all "I can't, it's hard," etc., and will not do well in life: p. 78.

SMALL.--Is inefficient; can accomplish little; never feels its own strength; and with large moral and intellectual organs, is too gentle and easily satisfied; with large Cautiousness, runs to others for protection, and is always complaining of its bad treatment: p. 79.

VERY SMALL.--Possesses scarcely any energy, and manifests none: p. 79.

7. DESTRUCTIVENESS.

EXECUTIVENESS; SEVERITY; STERNNESS; the DESTROYING and PAIN-causing faculty; HARSHNESS; EXTERMINATION; INDIGNATION; disposition to BREAK, CRUSH, and TEAR DOWN; THE WALK-RIGHT-THROUGH-SPIRIT; adapted to man's destroying whatever is prejudicial to his happiness; performing and enduring surgical operations; undergoing pain, etc. Perversion--wrath; revenge; malice; disposition to murder, etc.

LARGE.--Imparts that determination, energy, and force which removes or destroys whatever impedes its progression; with Firmness large, gives that iron will which adheres till the very last, in spite of every thing, and carries its points any how; with large Combativeness, imparts a harsh rough mode of expression and action, and a severity, if not fierceness, to all its encounters; with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness, will have every cent due, though it costs two to get it, yet wants no more, and retains grudges against those who have injured its pockets; with large Approbativeness and Combativeness, experiences determination and hostility toward those who trifle with reputation or impeach character; with large Self-Esteem, upon those who conflict with its interests, or detract from its supposed merits; with large Adhesiveness, when angry with friends, is very angry; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, employs a harsh mode of showing kindness; with large Comparison and Language, bestows very severe and galling epithets upon those who rouse it; with large Ideality, polishes and refines its expression of anger, and puts a keen edge upon its sarcasms, yet they are none the less cutting or efficient, etc. Such should avoid and turn from whatever provokes it: p. 82.

VERY LARGE.--Feels the most powerful indignation, amounting even to rage and violence, when thoroughly provoked; and with large or very large Combativeness, acts like a chafed lion, and feels like rushing into the midst of perilous dangers. Such persons should never strike, for they will strike harder than they mean to, because it nerves the arm with unwonted strength. This faculty tears up and destroys whatever is in its way; is harsh and often morose in manner, and should cultivate pleasantness; with large Combativeness, Firmness, Self-Esteem, and Approbativeness moderate, is exceedingly repulsive, hating and hateful when angry, and is much more provoked than occasion requires; with large intellectuals, puts forth tremendous mental energy; and should offset this faculty by reason and moral feeling, and cultivate blandness instead of wrath: p. 83.

FULL.--Evinces a fair degree of this faculty, yet its tone and direction depend upon the larger organs; with large propensities, manifests much animal force; with large moral organs, evinces moral determination and force; with large intellectual organs, possesses intellectual might and energy, and thus of its other combinations; but with smaller Combativeness, is peaceful until thoroughly roused, but then rather harsh and vindictive; in boys, attacks only those it knows it can conquer, yet is then harsh; with smaller Self-Esteem, exercises this faculty more in behalf of others than of itself; with large Cautiousness and moderate Combativeness, keeps out of danger, broils, etc., till literally compelled to engage in them, but then becomes desperate, etc.: p. 83.

AVERAGE.--Manifests itself in a similar manner as when full, due allowance being made for diminished power: p. 82.

MODERATE.--Evinces but little harshness or severity; with large Benevolence, is unable to witness suffering or death, much less to cause them; will possess but little force of mind, or executiveness of character, to drive through great obstacles; with large moral organs added, will be more beloved than feared, and manifest extreme sympathy, amounting sometimes even to weakness, and secure ends more by mild than severe measures; with moderate Combativeness and Self-Esteem, is irresolute, unable to stand its ground, or to take care of itself; flies to others for protection; can do little, and feels that it can do still less; fails to realize or put forth its strength; and with large Cautiousness added, sees a lion where there is none, and makes mountains of mole-hills; and with small Hope added is literally good for nothing; but with large Hope and Firmness, and full Self-Esteem and Combativeness, accomplishes considerable, yet in a quiet way, and by perseverance more than force, by siege rather than by storm, and with large intellectual and moral faculties added, will be a good, yet not a tame, citizen; exert a good influence, and that always healthful, and be missed more when dead than prized while living. Those combinations under this organ large, reversed, apply to it when moderate: p. 84.

SMALL.--With large moral faculties, possesses too tender a soul to enjoy our world as it is, or to endure hardships or cruelties; can neither endure nor cause suffering, and show so little as to provoke a smile or ridicule, and should cultivate hardness and force: p. 82.

VERY SMALL.--Experiences little, and manifests none of this faculty.

8. ALIMENTIVENESS.

APPETITE; the FEEDING instinct; RELISH for food; HUNGER; adapted to man's need of food, and creating a disposition to eat. Perverted, it produces gormandizing and gluttony, and ends in dyspepsia and all its evils.

LARGE.--Has a hearty relish for food; sets a high value upon table enjoyments, and solid, hearty food; with Acquisitiveness large, lays up abundance of food for future use--perhaps keeps so much on hand that some of it spoils; with Ideality large, must eat from a clean plate, and have food nicely cooked; with large Language and intellect, enjoys table-talk exceedingly, and participates in it; with large social faculties, must eat with others; is a good cook, if practiced in culinary arts; and with larger Approbativeness and Ideality than Causality, is apt to be ceremonious and over-polite at table, etc. Such should restrain this faculty by eating less, more slowly, and seldom: p. 86.

VERY LARGE.--Often eats more than is requisite; enjoys food exceedingly well; and hence is liable to clog body and mind by over-eating; should restrain appetite; will feel better by going without an occasional meal, and is liable to dyspepsia. This faculty is liable to take on a diseased action, and crave a much greater amount of food than nature requires, and hence is the great cause of dyspepsia. Its diseased action may be known by a craving, hankering, gone sensation before eating; by heart-burn, pain in the stomach, belching of wind, a dull, heavy, or painful sensation in the head, and a desire to be always nibbling at something; lives to eat, instead of eating to live, and should at once be erased by omitting one meal daily, and, in its stead, drinking abundantly of cold water. Abstemiousness will rectify this depraved appetite, while over-eating will only re-inflame both the stomach and its diseased hankering: p. 87.

FULL.--With a healthy stomach, eats freely what is offered, asking no questions; enjoying it, but not extravagantly; rarely over-eats, except when the stomach is disordered, and then experiences this hankering above described, which light eating alone can cure. For combinations, see Alimentiveness large: p. 87.

AVERAGE.--Enjoys food well, and eats with a fair relish; yet rarely over-eats except when rendered craving by dyspeptic complaints: p. 86.

MODERATE.--Rather lacks appetite; eats with little relish, and hence requires to pamper and cultivate appetite by dainties, and enjoying rich favors; can relish food only when other circumstances are favorable; feels little hunger, and eats to live, instead of lives to eat; with Eventuality small, cannot remember from one meal to another what he had at the last: p. 87.

SMALL.--Eats with long teeth, and little relish; hardly knows or cares what or when he eats; and should pay more attention to duly feeding the body: p. 88.

VERY SMALL.--Is almost wholly destitute of appetite.

This faculty is more liable to perversion than any other, and excessive eating occasions more sickness, and depraves the animal faculties more than all other causes combined. Properly to feed the body, is of the utmost importance. Whenever this faculty becomes diseased, the first object should be to restore its natural function by abstinence. Medicines can never do it.

F. BIBATIVENESS OR AQUATIVENESS.

FONDNESS for LIQUIDS; desire to DRINK; love of WATER, washing, bathing, swimming, sailing, etc. Adapted to the existence and utility of water. Perversion--drinking in excessive quantities; drunkenness; and unquenchable thirst.

LARGE.--Loves to drink freely, and frequently; experiences much thirst; enjoys washing, swimming, bathing, etc., exceedingly, and is benefited by them; with Ideality large, loves water prospects.

VERY LARGE.--Is exceedingly fond of water, whether applied internally or externally; with large Adhesiveness and Approbativeness, and small Self-Esteem and Acquisitiveness, should avoid the social glass, lest he be overcome by it.

FULL.--Enjoys water well, but not extravagantly; drinks freely when the stomach is in a fevered state, and is benefited by its judicious external application.

AVERAGE.--Likes to drink at times, after working freely or perspiring copiously, yet cares no great about it.

MODERATE.--Partakes of little water, except occasionally, and is not particularly benefitted by its external application, further than is necessary for cleanliness; dislikes the shower or plunge baths, and rather dreads than enjoys sailing, swimming, etc., especially if Cautiousness is large.

SMALL.--Cares little for this element in any of its forms, or for any liquid food, and, with large Cautiousness, dreads to be on or near the water; with Alimentiveness large, prefers solid hard food to puddings or broth, etc.

VERY SMALL.--Has an unqualified aversion to water.

9. ACQUISITIVENESS.

ECONOMY; FRUGALITY; the ACQUIRING, SAVING, and HOARDING instinct; LAYING UP OF SURPLUS, and allowing nothing to be WASTED; desire to POSSESS and OWN; the MINE AND THINE FEELING; claiming of one's own things; love of TRADING AND AMASSING PROPERTY. Adapted to man's need of laying up the necessaries and comforts of life against a time of future need. Perversion--a miserly, grasping, close-fisted penuriousness.

LARGE.--Saves for future use what is not wanted for present; allows nothing to go to waste; turns every thing to a good account; buys closely, and makes the most of all it gets; is industrious, economical, and vigorously employs means to accumulate property and desires to own and possess much; with large, social organs, industriously acquires property for domestic purposes, yet is saving in the family; with very large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, is industrious in acquiring property, yet spends it too freely upon friends; with large Hope added, is too apt to endorse for them; with small Secretiveness, and with activity greater than power, is liable to overdo, and takes so much work upon itself in order to save, as often to incur sickness, and thus loses more than gains; with large Approbativeness and small Secretiveness, tells how much property it possesses, but with large Secretiveness, keeps its own pecuniary affairs to itself; with large Constructiveness, inclines to make money by engaging in some mechanical branch of business; with large Cautiousness, is provident; with large Ideality, keeps its things very nice, and is tormented by whatever mars beauty; with large intellectual organs, loves to accumulate books, and whatever facilitates intellectual progress; with large Veneration and Self-Esteem, sets great store on antique and rare coins, and specimens, etc.: p. 89.

VERY LARGE.--Hastens to be rich; is too eager after wealth; too close in making bargains; too small and close in dealing; with large Cautiousness, is penny wise, but pound foolish; holds the sixpence too close to the eye to see the dollar further off, and gives its entire energies to amassing property; with smaller Secretiveness and large Conscientiousness, is close, yet honest, will have all its own, yet wants no more, and never employs deception; but, with large Secretiveness and but average Conscientiousness, makes money any how; palms off inferior articles for good ones, or at least over-praises what it wants to sell, and runs down what it buys; and with large Philoprogenitiveness and Perceptives added, can make a finished horse-jockey; with small Self-Esteem, is small and mean in deal, and sticks for the half cent; with very large Hope, and only full Cautiousness, embarks too deeply in business, and is liable to fail; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, will do for friends more than give, and circulate the subscription paper rather than sign it; with large Hope and Secretiveness, and only average Cautiousness, buys more than it can pay for, bases more in promises than in money, and should adopt a cash practice, and check the manifestations of this faculty by being less penurious and industrious, and more liberal: p. 92.

FULL.--Takes good care of what it possesses, and uses vigorous exertions to enhance them; values property for itself and its uses; is industrious, yet not grasping; and saving, without being close; with large Benevolence, is too ready to help friends; and with large Hope added, too liable to endorse; and with an active temperament, is too industrious to come to want; yet too generous ever to be rich. For additional combinations, see Acquisitiveness large: p. 93.

AVERAGE.--Loves property; yet the other faculties spend quite as fast as this faculty accumulates; with Cautiousness large or very large, loves property in order to be safe against future want; with large Approbativeness, desires it to keep up appearances; with large Conscientiousness to pay debts when it has the means; with large intellectual organs, will contribute to intellectual attainments; yet the kind of property and objects sought in its acquisition, depend upon other and larger faculties: p. 89.

MODERATE.--Values and makes property more for its uses than itself; seeks it as a means rather than an end; with Cautiousness large, may evince economy from fear of coming to want; or with other large organs, to secure other ends; yet cares no great for property on its own account; is rather wasteful; does not excel in bargaining, or like it; has no great natural pecuniary tact, or money-making capability, and is in danger of living quite up to income; with Ideality large, must have nice things, no matter if they are costly, yet does not take first-rate care of them; disregards small expenses; purchases to consume as soon as to keep; prefers to enjoy earnings now to laying them up; with large domestic organs, spends freely for family; with strong Approbativeness and moderate Cautiousness, is liable to be a spendthrift, and contract debts to make a display; with Hope large, runs deeply in debt, and spends money before it is earned; and thus of the other combinations: p. 94.

SMALL.--Holds money loosely; spends it often without getting its full value; cares little how his money goes; with Hope very large, enjoys his money to-day without saving for to-morrow; and with large Approbativeness and Ideality added, and only average Causality, is prodigal, and spends money to poor advantage; contracts debts without providing for their payment, etc. For additional combinations, see Acquisitiveness moderate: p. 95.

VERY SMALL.--Neither heeds nor knows the value of money; is wasteful; spends all it can get; lacks industry, and will be always in want: p. 95.

The back part of this organ, called Acquisition, accumulates property; the fore part, called Accumulation, saves; the former large and latter small, encompasses sea and land to make a dollar, and then throws it away, which is an American characteristic; and gets many things, but allows them to go to waste. Properly to spend money, implies a high order of wisdom. Every dollar should be made an instrument of the highest happiness.

10. SECRETIVENESS.

SELF-GOVERNMENT; ability to RESTRAIN feelings; POLICY; MANAGEMENT; RESERVE; EVASION; DISCRETION; CUNNING. Adapted to man's requisition for controlling his animal nature. Perverted, it causes duplicity, double-dealing, lying, deception, and all kinds of false pretensions.

LARGE.--Throws a veil over the countenance, expression, and conduct; appears to aim at one thing while accomplishing another; loves to surprise others; is enigmatical, mysterious, guarded, foxy, politic, shrewd, managing, employs humbug, and is hard to be found out; with Cautiousness large, takes extra pains to escape detection; with Conscientiousness also large, will not tell a lie, yet will not always tell the truth; evades the direct question, and is equivocal in character; and though honest in purpose, yet resorts to many little cunning devices; with large intellectual organs and Cautiousness, expresses its ideas so guardedly as to lack distinctness and directness, and hence is often misunderstood; with large Approbativeness, takes many ways to secure notoriety, and hoists some false colors; with large Acquisitiveness, employs too much cunning in pecuniary transactions, and unless checked by still larger Conscientiousness, is not always strictly truthful or honest; with large social organs, forms few friendships, and those only after years of acquaintance, nor evinces half the attachment felt; is distant in society, and communicates, even with friends, only by piecemeal; divulges very few plans or business matters to acquaintances, or even to friends; lacks communicativeness, and has little or no fresh-hearted expression of feeling, but leaves an impression of uncertainty as to what they are and mean: p. 96.

VERY LARGE.--Is non-committal; cunning in the extreme; with only average Conscientiousness, is deceptive, tricky, double-dealing, and unworthy to be trusted; with large Acquisitiveness added, will cheat as well as lie; with large Cautiousness, is unfathomable even by acknowledged friends; with very large Conscientiousness and large moral organs, and only average or full propensities, is not dangerous, and has a good moral basis, yet instinctively employs many stratagems, calculated to cast off suspicions on its motives; and should cultivate openness and sincerity: p. 98.

FULL.--Evinces much self-government; yet, if temperament be active, when the feelings do break forth, manifest themselves with unusual intensity; with large Acquisitiveness and Cautiousness, communicates but little respecting pecuniary affairs; with large Approbativeness, takes the popular side of subjects, and sails only with the current of public opinion; with Conscientiousness large, is upright in motive, and tells the truth, but not always the whole truth; and, though it hoists no false colors, it does not always show its own. For additional combinations, see Secretiveness large: p. 99.

AVERAGE.--Maintains a good share of self-government, except when under excitement, and then lets the whole mind out fully; with large Combativeness and an active temperament, though generally able to control resentment, yet, when once provoked, shows the full extent of its resentment; with large Cautiousness, sees that there is no danger before it lets the feelings fly; but with an excitable temperament, and especially a deranged stomach, shows a general want of policy and self-government, because the feelings are too strong to be kept in check; but if this faculty is manifested in connection with larger faculties, it evinces considerable power, yet is wanting when placed in opposition to them: p. 96.

MODERATE.--Expresses feelings with considerable fullness; pursues an open, direct course; is sincere and true; employs but little policy, and generally gives vent to thoughts and feelings; with Cautiousness large, evinces prudence in deeds, but imprudence in words; expresses opinions imprudently, yet is safe and circumspect in conduct; with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness, prefers the one-price system in dealing, and cannot bear to banter; with large Adhesiveness, is a sincere, open-hearted friend, and communicates with perfect freedom; with large Conscientiousness, and Combativeness added, is truthful, and speaks its whole mind too bluntly; with fine feelings, and a good moral organization, manifests the higher, finer feelings, without restraint or reserve, so as to be the more attractive; is full of goodness, and shows all that goodness without any intervening veil; manifests in looks and actions what is passing within; expresses all its mental operations with fullness, freedom, and force; chooses direct and unequivocal modes of expression; discloses faults as freely as virtues, and leaves none at a loss as to the real character; but with the harsher elements predominant, appears more hating and hateful than it really is because it blows all its dislikes right out: p. 100.