Chapter VI: Section III: Analysis and Combinations of the Faculties (2)

SMALL.--Is perfectly transparent; seems to be just what, and all that, it really is, disdains concealment in all its forms; is no hypocrite, but passive and unequivocal in all it says or does; carries the soul in the hands and face, and makes its way directly to the feelings, because it expresses itself so unequivocally; with large Cautiousness, is guarded in action, but unguarded in expression; frees its mind regardless of consequences, yet shows much prudence in other respects; with Conscientiousness large, loves the truth wherever it exists, and opens its mind freely to evidence and conviction; is open and above board in every thing, and allows all the mental operations to come right out, unveiled and unrestrained, so that their full force is seen and felt: p. 101.

VERY SMALL.--Conceals nothing, but discloses every thing: p. 101.

11. CAUTIOUSNESS.

CAREFULNESS; WATCHFULNESS; PRUDENCE; PROVISION against want and danger; SOLICITUDE; ANXIETY; APPREHENSION; SECURITY; PROTECTION; AVOIDING prospective evils; the sentinel. Adapted to those dangers which surround us, and those provisions necessary for our future happiness. Perversion--irresolution; timidity; procrastination; indecision.

LARGE.--Is always on the look-out; takes ample time to get ready; provides against prospective dangers; makes every thing safe; guards against losses and evils; incurs no risk; sure binds that it may sure find; with large Combativeness, Hope, and an active temperament, drives, Jehu-like, whatever is undertaken, yet drives cautiously; lays on the lash, yet holds a tight rein, so as not to upset its plans; with Large Approbativeness, is doubly cautious as to character; with large Approbativeness and small Acquisitiveness, is extra careful of character, but not of money; with large Acquisitiveness and small Approbativeness takes special care of all money matters, but not of reputation; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, experiences the greatest solicitude for the welfare of friends; with large Conscientiousness, is careful to do nothing wrong; with large Causality, lays safe plans, and is judicious; with large Combativeness and Hope, combines judgment with energy and enterprise, and often seems reckless, yet is prudent; with large intellectual organs and Firmness, is cautious in coming to conclusions, and canvasses well all sides of the question, yet, once settled, is unmoved; with small Self-Esteem, relies too much upon the judgment of others, and too little upon itself; with large Philoprogenitiveness and disordered nerves, experiences unnecessary solicitude for children, and takes extra care of them, etc.: p. 104.

VERY LARGE.--With an excitable nervous system, procrastinates, puts off till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day; lacks promptness and decision, and refuses to run any risk; with only average or full Combativeness, Self-Esteem, and Hope, and large Approbativeness, accomplishes literally nothing, but should always act under others; with large Acquisitiveness, prefers small but sure gains to large but more risky ones, and safe investments to active business. For additional combinations, see Combativeness large, etc.: p. 105.

FULL.--Shows a good share of prudence and carefulness, except when the other faculties are powerfully excited; with large Combativeness and very large Hope, has but little prudence for his energy; is tolerably safe except when under considerable excitement; with large Acquisitiveness, is very careful whenever money or property are concerned; yet with only average Causality, evinces but little general prudence, and lays plans for the present rather than future, etc.: p. 105.

AVERAGE.--Has a good share of prudence, whenever this faculty works in connection with the larger organs, yet evinces but little in the direction of the smaller organs; with large Combativeness and Hope, and an excitable temperament, is practically imprudent, yet somewhat less so than appearances indicate; with large Causality, and only average Hope and Combativeness, and a temperament more strong than excitable, evinces good general judgment, and meets with but few accidents; but with an excitable temperament, large Combativeness and Hope and only average or full Causality, will always be in hot water, fail to mature his plans, begin before he is ready, and be luckless and unfortunate in every thing, etc.: p. 103.

MODERATE.--With excitability great, acts upon the spur of the moment, without due deliberation; meets with many accidents caused by imprudence; with large Combativeness, is often at variance with neighbors; with large Approbativeness, seeks praise, yet often incurs criticism; with average Causality and large Hope, is always doing imprudent things, and requires a guardian; with small Acquisitiveness keeps money loosely, and is easily over-persuaded to buy more than can be paid for; with large Philoprogenitiveness, loves to play with children, yet often hurts them; with large Language and small Secretiveness, says many very imprudent things, etc., and has a hard row to hoe; and with large Combativeness, has many enemies, but few friends, etc.: p. 106.

SMALL.--Is rash, reckless, luckless; and with large Hope, always in trouble; with large Combativeness, plunges headlong into difficulties in full sight, and should assiduously cultivate this faculty: p. 106.

VERY SMALL.--Has so little of this faculty, that its influence upon conduct is rarely ever perceived: p. 107.

12. APPROBATIVENESS.

DESIRE to be ESTEEMED; regard for CHARACTER, APPEARANCES, etc.; love of PRAISE; desire to EXCEL; AMBITION; AFFABILITY; POLITENESS; desire to DISPLAY and show off; sense of HONOR; desire for a GOOD NAME, for NOTORIETY, FAME, EMINENCE, DISTINCTION, and to be THOUGHT WELL of; PRIDE of character; SENSITIVENESS to the speeches of people; and love of POPULARITY. Adapted to the reputable and disgraceful. Perversion--vanity; affectation; ceremoniousness; aristocracy; pomposity; eagerness for popularity; outside display, etc.

LARGE.--Loves commendation, and is cut by censure; is keenly alive to the smiles of public opinion; minds what people say; strives to show off to advantage, and is affable, courteous, and desirous of pleasing; loves to be in company; stands on etiquette and ceremony; aspires to do and become something great; sets much by appearances, and is mortified by reproach; with large Cautiousness and moderate Self-Esteem, is careful to take the popular side, and fears to face the ridicule of others; yet with Conscience and Combativeness large, sticks to the right, though it is unpopular, knowing that it will ultimately confer honor; with large Benevolence, seeks praise for works of philanthropy and mercy; with large intellectual organs, loves literary and intellectual distinctions; with large Adhesiveness, desires the good opinion of friends, yet cares little for that of others; with large Self-Esteem, Combativeness, and excitability, is very touchy when criticised, seeks public life, wants all the praise, and hates rivals; with large perceptives, takes a forward part in literary and debating societies; with large Combativeness, Hope, and activity, will not be outdone, but rather work till completely exhausted, and liable to hurt itself by feats of rivalry: p. 108.

VERY LARGE.--Sets every thing by the good opinion of others; is ostentatious, if not vain and ambitious; loves praise, and is mortified by censure inordinately; with moderate Self-Esteem and Firmness, cannot breast public opinion, but is over fond of popularity; with only average Conscience, seeks popularity without regard to true merit; but with large Conscience, seeks praise mainly for virtuous doings; with large Ideality, and only average Causality, seeks praise for fashionable dress and outside appearance rather than internal merit; and is both vain and fashionable as well as aristocratic, and starves the kitchen to stuff the parlor; with large Acquisitiveness, boasts of riches; with large Adhesiveness, boasts of friends; with large Language, is extra forward in conversation, and engrosses much of the time, etc. This is the main organ of aristocracy, exclusiveness, fashionableness, so-called pride, and nonsensical outside show: p. 110.

FULL.--Values the estimation of others, yet will not go far out of the way to get it; seeks praise in connection with the larger organs, yet cares little for it in the direction of the smaller ones; is not aristocratic, yet likes to make a fair show in the world; with large Adhesiveness, loves the praise and cannot endure the censure of friends; with large Conscientiousness, sets much by MORAL character, and wishes to be praised for correct MOTIVES; yet, with moderate Acquisitiveness, cares little for the name of being rich; with large Benevolence and intellectual organs, desires to be esteemed for evincing talent in doing good, etc.: p. 110.

AVERAGE.--Evinces only a respectable share of this faculty, except when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or reproach; is mortified by censure, yet not extremely so, and calls his other faculties to his justification; is not sufficiently ambitious to incur injury, yet is by no means deficient in this respect; and is not insensible to compliments, yet cannot well be inflated with praise: p. 107.

MODERATE.--Feels some, but no great, regard for popularity; and evinces this faculty only in connection with the larger faculties; with large Self-Esteem and Firmness, is inflexible and austere; and with large Combativeness and small Agreeableness, lacks civility and complaisance to others; disdains to flatter, and cannot be stuffed and should cultivate a pleasing, winning mode of address: p. 112.

SMALL.--Cares little for the opinions of others, even of friends; is comparatively insensible to praise; disregards style and fashion; despises etiquette and formal usages; never asks what will persons think, and puts on no outside appearances for their own sake; with large Self-Esteem, Firmness, and Combativeness, is destitute of politeness, devoid of ceremony, and not at all flexible or pleasing in manners; with large Combativeness and Conscientiousness, goes for the right regardless of popularity, and is always making enemies; says and does things in so graceless a manner as often to displease; with large Acquisitiveness and Self-Esteem, though wealthy, makes no boast of it, and is as commonplace in conduct as if poor, etc.: p. 112.

VERY SMALL.--Cares almost nothing for reputation, praise, or censure as such.

13. SELF-ESTEEM.

SELF-appreciation and valuation; self-RESPECT and RELIANCE; MAGNANIMITY; NOBLENESS; INDEPENDENCE; DIGNITY; SELF-SATISFACTION and complacency; love of liberty and power; an ASPIRING, SELF-ELEVATING, RULING instinct; PRIDE of character; MANLINESS; LOFTY-MINDEDNESS, and desire for elevation. Adapted to the superiority, greatness, and exalted dignity of human nature. Perversion--haughtiness; forwardness, overbearing; tyranny; egotism, and superciliousness.

LARGE.--Puts a high estimate upon itself, its sayings, doings, and capabilities; falls back upon its own unaided resources; will not take advice, but insists upon being its own master; is high-minded; will never stoop or demean itself; aims high; is not satisfied with moderate success, or a petty business, and comports and expresses itself with dignity, and perhaps with majesty, and is perfectly self-satisfied; with large Philoprogenitiveness, prides itself in its children, yet with Combativeness large, requires implicit obedience, and is liable to be stern; with large Adhesiveness, seeks society, yet must be its leader; with large Acquisitiveness added, seeks partnership, but must be the head of the firm; with large Firmness and Combativeness, cannot be driven, but insists upon doing its own will and pleasure, and is sometimes contrary and headstrong; with large Hope, thinks that any thing it does cannot possibly fail, because done so well; with large moral organs, imparts a tone, dignity, aspiration, and elevation of character, which commands universal respect; and with large intellectual faculties added, is desirous of, and well calculated for public life; is a natural leader, but seeks moral distinction, and leads the public mind; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Firmness, and Approbativeness, loves to be captain or general, and speaks with that sternness and authority which enforce obedience; with large Acquisitiveness aspires to be rich, the richest man in town, partly on account of the power wealth confers; with large Language, Individuality, Firmness, and Combativeness, seeks to be a political leader; with large Constructiveness, Perceptives, Causality, and Combativeness, is well calculated to have the direction of men, and oversee large mechanical establishments; with only average brain and intellect, and large selfish faculties, is proud, haughty, domineering, egotistical, overbearing, greedy of power and dominion, etc.: p. 114.

VERY LARGE.--Evinces the characteristics of large, only in a still higher degree; is very apt to be pompous, supercilious, proud, and imperious; will do nothing except it be on the largest scale; yet, unless Causality be large, is apt to fail, because ambition is too great for the calibre; with large Firmness, Approbativeness, and Hope, is a real aristocrat, and puts himself above every body else; with only average Approbativeness and Agreeableness, takes no pains to smooth off the rougher points of character, but is every way repulsive; with average Philoprogenitiveness, is very domineering in the family, and insists upon being waited upon, obeyed, etc.; and should carry his head a little lower, and humble his proud soul: p. 116.

FULL.--Evinces a good degree of dignity and self-respect, yet is not proud or haughty; with large Combativeness, Firmness and Hope, relies fully upon its own energies in cases of emergency, yet is willing to hear advice though seldom takes it; conducts becomingly and secures respect; and with large Combativeness and Firmness, and full Destructiveness and Hope, evinces much power of this faculty, but little when these faculties are small: p. 116.

AVERAGE.--Shows this faculty mainly in combination with those that are larger; with large Approbativeness and Firmness, and a large brain and moral organs, rarely trifles or evinces meanness; yet is rarely conceited, and thinks neither too little nor too much of self, but places a just estimate upon its own capabilities; with large Adhesiveness, both receives and imparts character to friends, yet receives most; with large Conscientiousness, prides itself more on moral worth than physical qualities, wealth, titles, etc.; and with large intellectual and moral organs, values itself mainly for intellectual and moral excellence: p. 113.

MODERATE.--Rather underrates personal capabilities and worth; feels rather inferior, unworthy, and humble; lacks dignity and manliness, and is rather apt to say and do trifling things, and let itself down; with large intellectual and moral organs, leads off well when once placed in a responsible position, yet at first distrusts its own capabilities; with large Conscientiousness, Combativeness, and activity, often appears self-sufficient and positive, because certain of being right, yet it is founded more on reason than egotism; with large Approbativeness, loves to show off, and make others satisfied with its capabilities, yet is not satisfied with itself; goes abroad after praise, rather than feels internally conscious of its own merits; is apt to boast because it would make others appreciate its powers, while, if it were fully conscious of them, it would care less about the estimation of others; with large moral and intellectual powers, has exalted thoughts and aspirations, and communicates well, yet often detracts from them by commonplace phrases and undignified expressions; will be too familiar to be respected in proportion to merit, and should vigorously cultivate this faculty by banishing mean and cultivating high thoughts of self: p. 116.

SMALL.--Feels diminutive in its own eyes; lacks elevation and dignity of tone and manner; places a low estimate on self; and, with Approbativeness large, is more anxious to appear well in the eyes of others than in its own; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, shows some self-reliance when provoked or placed in responsible positions, yet lacks that dignity and tone which commands universal respect, and gives a capability to lead off in society; lacks self-confidence and weight of character; shrinks from responsible and great undertakings, from a feeling of unworthiness; underrates itself, and is therefore undervalued by others, and feels insignificant as if in the way, or trespassing upon others, and hence often apologizes; and should feel constantly "I'm a man."

VERY SMALL.--Feels little, and manifests none of this faculty.

14. FIRMNESS.

STABILITY; DECISION; PERSEVERANCE; FIXEDNESS of purpose; TENACITY of WILL, and aversion to change. Adapted to man's requisition for holding out to the end. Perversion--obstinacy; willfulness; mulishness; stubbornness; unwillingness to change, even though reason requires.

LARGE.--Is set in its own way; sticks to and carries out what it commences; holds on long and hard; continues to the end, and may be fully relied upon; with full Self-Esteem and large Combativeness, cannot be driven, but the more it is forced the more it resists; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, adds perseverance to stability, and not only holds on, but drives forward determinedly through difficulties; with large Hope, undertakes much and carries it all out; with large Cautiousness and Causality, is careful and judicious in laying plans and forming opinions, yet rarely changes when once decided; may seem to waver until the mind is fully made up, but is afterward the more unchanging; with Hope very large, and Cautiousness and Causality only average, decides quickly, even rashly, and refuses to change; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, is easily persuaded, especially by friends, yet cannot be driven; and with large Cautiousness, Combativeness, Causality, perceptives, activity, and power, will generally succeed, because wise in planning and persevering in execution; with Combativeness and Self-Esteem large, and Causality only average, will not see the force of arguments against himself, but tenaciously adheres to affirmed opinions and purposes, yet is less firm than he seems to be; with large Conscientiousness and Combativeness, is doubly decided wherever right or justice are concerned, and in such cases will never give one inch, but will stand out in argument, effort, or as a juryman till the last: p. 119.

VERY LARGE.--Is well-nigh obstinate, stubborn, and with large Combativeness and Self-Esteem, is unchangeable as the laws of the Medes and Persians, and can neither be persuaded nor driven; with large activity, power, brain, and intellectual organs, is well calculated to carry forward some great work which requires the utmost determination and energy; with large Causality, can possibly be turned by potent reasons, yet by nothing else: p. 120.

FULL.--Like Firmness large, shows a great degree of decision, when this faculty works with large organs, but not otherwise; with Combativeness and Conscientiousness large, shows great Fixedness where right and truth are concerned, yet with Acquisitiveness moderate, lacks perseverance in money matters; with moderate Combativeness and Self-Esteem, is easily turned; and with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, too easily persuaded, even against its better judgment; with Cautiousness and Approbativeness large, or very large, often evinces fickleness, irresolution, and procrastination; and with an uneven head, and an excitable temperament, often appears deficient in this faculty: p. 131.

AVERAGE.--When supported by large Combativeness, or Conscientiousness, or Causality, or Acquisitiveness, etc., shows a good degree of this faculty; but when opposed by large Cautiousness, Approbativeness, or Adhesiveness, evinces its deficiency, and has not enough of this faculty for great undertakings: p. 119.

MODERATE.--Rather lacks perseverance, even when his larger faculties support it, and when they do not, evinces fickleness, irresolution, indecision, and lacks perseverance; with Adhesiveness large, is too easily persuaded and influenced by friends; with large Cautiousness and Approbativeness and moderate or small Self-Esteem, is flexible and fickle, and goes with the current: p. 132.

SMALL.--With activity great, and the head uneven, is fitful, impulsive, and, like the weather-vane, shifts with every changing breeze, and is ruled by the other faculties; and as unstable as water: p. 122.

VERY SMALL.--Is changed by the slightest motives; is a perfect creature of circumstances, and accomplishes nothing requiring perseverance: p. 122.

MORAL FACULTIES.

These render man a moral, accountable, and religious being, humanize, adorn, and elevate his nature; connect him with the moral nature of things; create his higher and nobler sentiments; beget aspirations after goodness, virtue, purity, and moral principle, and ally him to angels and to God.

LARGE.--Create a high regard for things sacred and religious; give an elevated, moral, and aspiring cast of feelings and conduct; create right intentions, and a desire to become good, holy, and moral in feeling and conduct; and, with weak animal feelings, is a rose in the shade.

VERY LARGE.--Give a most exalted sense and feeling of the moral and religious, with a high order of practical goodness, and the strongest aspirations for a higher and holier state, both in this life and that which is to come.

FULL.--Has a good moral and religious tone, and general correctness of motive, so as to render feelings and conduct about right; but with strong propensities and only average intellectual faculties, is sometimes led into errors of belief and practise; means right, yet sometimes does wrong, and should cultivate these faculties, and restrain the propensities.

AVERAGE.--Surrounded by good influences, will be tolerably moral and religious in feeling, yet not sufficiently so to withstand large propensities; with disordered nerves, is quite liable to say and do wrong things, yet afterward repents, and requires much moral cultivation.

MODERATE.--Has a rather weak moral tone; feels but little regard for things sacred and religious; is easily led into temptation; feels but little moral restraint; and, with large propensities, especially if circumstances favor their excitement, is exceedingly liable to say and do what is wrong.

SMALL.--Has weak moral feeling; lacks moral character; and, with large propensities, is liable to be depraved, and a bad member of society.

VERY SMALL.--Feels little, and shows no moral tone.

15. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.

MORAL PRINCIPLE; INTEGRITY; PERCEPTION and love of right; innate sense of ACCOUNTABILITY and obligation; love of JUSTICE and truth; regard for DUTY; desire for moral PURITY and excellence; disposition to fulfill PROMISES, agreements, etc.; the internal MONITOR which approves the right and condemns the wrong; sense of GUILT; CONTRITION; desire to REFORM; PENITENCE; FORGIVENESS. Adapted to the rightness of right, and the wrongness of wrong, and to the moral nature and constitution of things. Perverted, it makes one do wrong from conscientious scruples, and torments with undue self-condemnation.

LARGE.--Loves the right as right, and hates the wrong because wrong; is honest, faithful, upright in motive; means well; consults duty before expediency; feels guilty when conscious of having done wrong; desires forgiveness for the past, and to do better in future; with strong propensities, will sometimes do wrong, and then be exceedingly sorry therefor; and, with a wrong education added, is liable to do wrong, thinking it to be right, because these propensities warp conscience, yet means right; with large Cautiousness, is solicitous to know what is right, and careful to do it; with weaker Cautiousness, sometimes does wrong carelessly or indifferently, yet afterward repents it; with large Cautiousness and Destructiveness, is severe on wrong doers, and unrelenting until they evince penitence, and then cordially forgives; with large Approbativeness, keeps the moral character pure and spotless--values others on their morals more than wealth, birth, etc., and makes his word his bond; with large Benevolence, Combativeness, and Destructiveness, feels great indignation and severity against oppressors, and those who cause others sufferings by wronging them; with large Ideality, has strong aspirations after moral purity and excellence; with large reasoning faculties, takes great pleasure, and shows much talent in reasoning upon, and investigating moral subjects, etc.: p. 126.

VERY LARGE.--Places moral excellence at the head of all excellence; is governed by the highest order of moral principle; would on no account knowingly do wrong; is scrupulously exact in all matters of right; perfectly honest in motive; always condemning self and repenting; makes duty every thing; very forgiving of those who evince penitence, but inexorable without; with Combativeness large, evinces the utmost indignation at the wrong, and drives the right with great force; is censorious, and makes but little allowance for the faults and follies of mankind, and shows extraordinary moral courage and fortitude; with small Secretiveness and an active temperament, is liable to denounce evil doers; with large Friendship, cannot tolerate the least thing wrong in friends, and is liable to reprove them; with large Philoprogenitiveness, exacts too much from children, and with large Combativeness, is too liable to blame them; with large Cautiousness, is often afraid to do lest it should do wrong; with large Veneration, reasoning faculties, and Language, is a natural theologian, and takes the highest pleasure in reasoning and conversing upon all things having a moral and religious bearing; with Veneration average, and Benevolence large or very large, cannot well help being a thorough-going reformer, etc.: p. 129.

FULL.--Has good conscientious feelings, and correct general intentions, yet is not quite as correct in action as intentions; means well, yet with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Amativeness, etc., may sometimes yield to these faculties, especially if the system is somewhat inflamed; with large Acquisitiveness, makes very close bargains, and will take such advantages as are common in business, yet does not intend to wrong others out of their just dues, still, has more regard for money than justice; with large intellectual organs, loves to reason upon subjects where right and duty are involved, yet too often takes the ground of expediency, and fails to allow right its due weight; and should never allow conscience to be in any way weakened, but should cultivate it assiduously: p. 130.

AVERAGE.--When not tempted by stronger faculties does what is about right; generally justifies itself, and does not feel particularly indignant at the wrong, or commendatory of the right; with large Approbativeness and Self-Esteem, may do an honorable thing, yet where honor and right clash, will choose the former; with only average Combativeness and Destructiveness, allows many things that are wrong to pass unrebuked, or even unresented, and shows no great moral indignation or force; with moderate or small Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and large Approbativeness, Benevolence, and Ideality, will do as nearly right, and commit as few errors as those with Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness all large, and may be trusted, especially on honor, yet will rarely feel guilty, and should never be blamed, because Approbativeness will be mortified before conscience is convicted; with large propensities, especially Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and only full Benevolence, is selfish; should be dealt with cautiously, and thoroughly bound in writing, because liable to be slippery, tricky, etc.; and should cultivate this faculty by never allowing the propensities to overcome it, and by always considering things in the moral aspect: p. 124.

MODERATE.--Has some regard for duty in feeling, but less in practice; justifies self; is not very penitent or forgiving; even temporizes with principle, and sometimes lets interest rule duty. The combinations under average apply still more forcibly here: p. 131.

SMALL.--Has few conscientious scruples; has little penitence, gratitude, or regard for moral principle, justice, duty, etc.; and is governed mainly by his larger faculties; with large propensities and only average Veneration and Spirituality, evinces a marked deficiency of moral principle; with moderate Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and only full Destructiveness and Combativeness, and large Adhesiveness, Approbativeness, Benevolence, Ideality, and intellect, and a fine temperament, may live a tolerably blameless life, yet, on close scrutiny, will lack the moral in feeling, but may be safely trusted because true to promises; that is, conscience having less to contend with, its deficiency is less observable. Such should most earnestly cultivate this faculty: p. 132.

VERY SMALL.--Is almost wholly destitute of moral feeling, and wholly controlled by the other faculties: p. 133.

16. HOPE.

EXPECTATION; ANTICIPATION of future success and happiness. Adapted to man's relations with the future. Perverted, it becomes visionary and castle-building.

LARGE.--Expects much from the future; contemplates with pleasure the bright features of life's picture; never desponds; overrates prospective good, and underrates and overlooks obstacles and evils; calculates on more than the nature of the case will warrant; expects, and hence attempts a great deal, and is therefore always full of business; is sanguine, and rises above present trouble by hoping for better in future, and though disappointed, hopes on still; builds some air castles, and lives in the future more than in the present; with large Combativeness, Firmness, and Causality, is enterprising, never gives up the ship, but struggles manfully through difficulties; and with large Approbativeness, and full Self-Esteem added, feels adequate to difficulties, and grapples with them spiritedly; with large Self-Esteem, thinks that every thing it attempts must succeed, and with large Causality added, considers its plans well-nigh perfect; with large Acquisitiveness lays out money freely in view of future gain; with large Approbativeness and Self-Esteem, hopes for renown, honor, etc.; with large Veneration and Spirituality, hopes to attain exalted moral excellence, and should check it by acting on only half it promises, and reasoning against it: p. 137.

VERY LARGE.--Has unbounded expectations; builds a world of castles in the air; lives in the future; enjoys things in anticipation more than in possession; with small Continuity, has too many irons in the fire; with an active temperament added, takes on more business than it can work off properly; is too much hurried to do things in season; with large Acquisitiveness, is grasping, counts chickens before they are hatched, and often two to the egg at that; with only average Cautiousness, is always in hot water; never stops to enjoy what it possesses, but grasps after more, and will never accomplish much because it undertakes too much, and in taking one step forward slips two steps back: p. 138.

FULL.--Expects considerable, yet realizes more; undertakes no more than it can accomplish; is quite sanguine and enterprising, yet with Cautiousness large, is always on the safe side; with large Acquisitiveness added, invests money freely, yet always safely, makes good bargains, if any, and counts all the cost, yet is not afraid of expenses where it knows they will more than pay; with larger animal faculties than moral, will hope more for this world's goods than for another, and with larger moral than animal, for another state of being than this, etc.: p. 139.

AVERAGE.--Expects and attempts too little, rather than too much; with large Cautiousness, dwells more on difficulties than encouragements; is contented with the present rather than lays out for the future; with large Acquisitiveness added, invests his money very safely, if at all, and prefers to put it out securely on interest rather than risk it in business, except in a perfectly sure business; will make money slowly, yet lose little, and with large intellectual organs, in the long run may acquire considerable wealth: p. 136.

MODERATE.--With large Cautiousness, makes few promises; but with large Conscientiousness, scrupulously fulfills them, because it promises only what it _knows_ can be performed; with small Self-Esteem, and large Veneration, Conscientiousness, and Cautiousness, if a professed Christian, will have many fears as to his future salvation; with only average propensities, will lack energy, enterprise, and fortitude; with large Firmness and Cautiousness, is very slow to embark, yet once committed, rarely backs out; with large reasoning faculties, may be sure of success, because it sees _why and how_ it is to be brought about; with large Acquisitiveness, will hold on to what money it gets, or at least spend very cautiously, and only where it is sure to be returned with interest; should cheer up, never despond, count favorable but not unfavorable chances, keep up a lively, buoyant state of mind, and "hope on, hope ever:" p. 139.

SMALL.--Expects and undertakes very little; with large Cautiousness, puts off till it is too late; is always behind; may embark in projects after every body else has succeeded, but will then be too late, and in general knocks at the door just after it has been bolted; with large Cautiousness, is forever in doubt; with large Approbativeness and Cautiousness, though most desirous of praise, has little hopes of obtaining it, and therefore is exceedingly backward in society, yet fears ridicule rather than hopes for praise; is easily discouraged; sees lions in the way; lacks enterprise; magnifies obstacles, etc.: p. 140.

VERY SMALL.--Expects next to nothing, and undertakes little: p. 140.

17. SPIRITUALITY.

FAITH; PRESCIENCE; the "LIGHT WITHIN;" TRUST IN DIVINE GUIDING; perception and feeling of the SPIRITUAL; interior perception of TRUTH, what is BEST, what is about to transpire, etc. Adapted to a spiritual state of mind and feeling. Perversion--superstition; witchcraft; and with Cautiousness large, fear of ghosts.

LARGE.--Perceives and knows things independent of the senses or intellect, or as it were by spiritual intuition; experiences an internal consciousness of what is best, and that spiritual communion with God which constitutes the essence of true piety; loves to meditate; bestows a species of waking clairvoyance, and is as it were "forewarned of God;" combined with large Veneration, holds intimate communion with the Deity, for whom it experiences profound adoration; and takes a world of pleasure in that calm, happy, half-ecstatic state of mind caused by this faculty; with large Causality, perceives truth by intuition, which philosophical tests prove to be correct; with large Comparison added, has a deep and clear insight into spiritual subjects, and embodies a vast amount of the highest order of truth; with vigorous propensities, gives them a sanctified cast and spiritual direction; and clearly perceives, and fully realizes, a spiritual state of being after death: p. 142.

VERY LARGE.--Experiences the same functions as large, only in a higher degree; unless well regulated by reason, is liable to fanciful credulity, fanaticism, and superstition, and to a thousand whims, visions, dreams, etc.: p. 143.

FULL.--Has a full share of high, pure, and spiritual feeling; has many premonitions, or interior warnings and guidings, which, implicitly followed, would conduct to success and happiness through life; and has an inner test or touchstone of truth, right, etc., in a kind of inner consciousness which is independent of reason, yet, unperverted, in harmony with it; is quite spiritual-minded, and as it were "led by the spirit." For combinations, see large: p. 143.

AVERAGE.--Has some spiritual premonitions and guidings, yet they are not always sufficiently distinct to secure their being followed; but, when followed, they lead correctly; sees this light within, and feels what is true and best, with tolerable distinctness, and should cultivate this faculty by following its light: p. 141.

MODERATE.--Has some, but not very distinct perception of spiritual things; rather lacks faith; believes mainly from evidence and little from intuition; with large Causality, says "Prove it," and takes no man's say-so unless he gives good _reasons_: p. 144.

SMALL.--Perceives spiritual truths so indistinctly as rarely to admit them; is not guided by faith, because so weak; like disbelieving Thomas, must see the fullest PROOF before it believes; has very little credulity, and doubts things of a superhuman origin or nature; has no premonitions, and disbelieves in them: p. 145.

VERY SMALL.--Has no spiritual guidings or superstitions: p. 146.

18. VENERATION.

DEVOTION; ADORATION of a Supreme Being; reverence for religion and things sacred; disposition to PRAY, WORSHIP, and observe religious rites. Adapted to the existence of a God, and the pleasures and benefits experienced by man in worshiping him. Perverted, it produces idolatry, bigotry, religious intolerance, etc.

LARGE.--Experiences an awe of God and things sacred; loves to adore the Supreme Being, especially in his works; feels true devotion, fervent piety, and love of divine things; takes great delight in religious exercises; has much respect for superiority; regards God as the centre of hopes, fears, and aspirations; with large Hope and Spirituality, worships him as a spirit, and hopes to be with and like him; with large Ideality, contemplates his works with rapture and ecstacy; with large Sublimity, adores him as infinite in every thing; with large reasoning organs, has clear, and, if the faculties are unperverted, correct ideas of the Divine character and government, and delights to reason thereon; with large Philoprogenitiveness, adores him as a friend and father; and with large Benevolence, for his infinite _goodness_, etc.; with large Causality added, as securing the happiness of sentient beings by a wise institution of _law_, and as the great first CAUSE of all things; with large and perverted Cautiousness, mingles fear and dread with worship; with large Constructiveness and Causality, admires the system of his architectural plans, contrivances, etc.: p. 148.

VERY LARGE.--Experiences these feelings in a still higher degree; places God as supreme upon the throne of the soul, and makes his worship a central verge; manifests extreme fervor, anxiety, and delight in divine worship, and is pre-eminently fervent in prayer; with moderate Self-Esteem, and large Conscientiousness and Cautiousness, and a disordered temperament, experiences the utmost unworthiness and guiltiness in his sight, and is crushed by a sense of guilt and vileness, especially before God, yet should never cherish these feelings; is always dreading the wrath of Heaven, no matter whether the actions are good or ill; and should cultivate religious cheerfulness and hope of future happiness. For additional combinations, see large: p. 149.

FULL.--Experiences a good degree of religious worship, whenever circumstances excite this faculty, yet allows the larger faculties frequently to divert it, and prays at least internally; with large or very large Conscience or Benevolence, will place his religion in doing right and doing good, more than in religious observances; will esteem duties higher than ceremonies; with large propensities, may be devout upon the Sabbath, yet will be worldly through the week, and experience some conflict between his religious and his worldly aspirations: p. 149.

AVERAGE.--Will adore the Deity, yet often makes religion subservient to the larger faculties; with large Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscience, may love religious meetings because it meets friends, and prays for the good of mankind, or because duty requires their attendance; yet is not habitually and innately devotional, except when this faculty is excited: p. 147.

MODERATE.--Will not be particularly devout or worshipful; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, if religiously educated, may be religious, yet will place religion more in works than faith, in duty than in prayer, and be more moral than pious; in his prayers will supplicate blessings upon mankind; and with Conscientiousness large, will confess sin more than express an awe of God; with large reflectives, can worship no further than it sees a _reason_; with moderate Spirituality and Conscientiousness, cares little for religion as such, but with large Benevolence, places religion mainly in doing good, etc.; and is by no means conservative in religion, but takes liberal views of religious subjects; and is religious only when this faculty is considerably excited: p. 150.

SMALL.--Experiences little devotion or respect, and is deficient in fervor; cares little for religious observances, and is not easily impressed with the worshiping sentiment: p. 150.

VERY SMALL.--Is almost destitute in feeling and practice of this sentiment.

19. BENEVOLENCE.

KINDNESS; HUMANITY; desire to make OTHERS happy; a SELF-SACRIFICING disposition; PHILANTHROPY; GENEROSITY; the ACCOMODATING, NEIGHBORLY spirit. Adapted to man's capability of making his fellow-men happy. Perversion--misplaced sympathies.

LARGE.--Delights to do good; makes personal sacrifices to make others happy; cannot witness pain or distress, and does what it well can to relieve them; manifests a perpetual flow of disinterested goodness; with large Adhesiveness, Ideality, and Approbativeness, and only average propensities and Self-Esteem, is remarkable for practical goodness; lives more for others than self; with large domestic organs, makes great sacrifices for family; with large reflectives, is perpetually reasoning on the evils of society, the way to obviate them, and to render mankind happy; with large Adhesiveness is hospitable; with moderate Destructiveness cannot witness pain or death, and disapproves of capital punishment; with moderate Acquisitiveness, gives freely to the needy, and never exacts dues from the poor; with large Acquisitiveness, helps others to help themselves rather than gives money; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, at times evinces harshness, yet is generally kindly disposed: p. 155.

VERY LARGE.--Is deeply and thoroughly embued with a benevolent spirit; with large Adhesiveness and moderate Acquisitiveness, is too ready to help friends; and with large Hope added, especially inclined to endorse for them, which he should forswear not to do; with large Acquisitiveness, bestows time more freely than money, yet will also give the latter; but with only average or full Acquisitiveness freely bestows both substance and personal aid; with large Veneration and only full Acquisitiveness, gives freely to religious objects; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is more severe in word than deed, and threatens more than executes; with larger moral than animal organs, literally overflows with sympathy and practical goodness, and reluctantly causes others trouble; with large reasoning organs, is a true philanthropist, and takes broad views of reformatory measures; with large Adhesiveness and Philoprogenitiveness is pre-eminently qualified for nursing; with large Causality, is an excellent adviser of friends, etc., and should not let sympathy overrule judgment. See Benevolence large for additional combinations: p. 157.

FULL.--Shows a good degree of kind, neighborly, and humane feeling, except when the selfish faculties overrule it, yet is not remarkable for disinterestedness; with large Adhesiveness, manifests kindness toward friends; and with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is unrelenting toward enemies; with large Acquisitiveness, is benevolent when it can make money thereby; with large Conscientiousness, is more just than kind, and with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is unrelenting toward the offending: p. 158.

AVERAGE.--Manifests kindness only in conjunction with Adhesiveness and other large faculties; and with only full Adhesiveness, if kind is so for selfish purposes; with large Acquisitiveness, gives little or nothing, yet may sometimes do favors; with large Veneration, is more devout than humane; and with only full reasoning organs, is no philanthropist or reformer: p. 153.

MODERATE.--Allows the selfish faculties to infringe upon the happiness of others; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, is comparatively hardened to suffering; and with Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness added, evinces almost unmitigated selfishness.

SMALL.--Cares little for the happiness of man or brute, and does still less to promote them; makes no disinterested self-sacrifices; is callous to human woe; does few acts of kindness, and those grudgingly, and has unbounded selfishness: p. 159.

VERY SMALL.--Feels little and evinces none of this sentiment, but is as selfish as the other faculties will allow him to be: p. 159.

20. CONSTRUCTIVENESS.

The MAKING instinct; the TOOL-using talent; SLEIGHT of hand in constructing things. Adapted to man's need of things made, such as houses, clothes, and manufacturing articles of all kinds. Perverted, it wastes time and money on perpetual motion, and other like futile inventions.

LARGE.--Loves to make; is able to, and disposed to tinker, mend, and fix up, build, manufacture, employ machinery, etc.; shows mechanical skill and dexterity in whatever is done with the hands; with large Causality and perceptives, is given to inventing; and with large Imitation added, can make from a pattern, and both copy the improvements of others, and supply defects by its own inventions, as well as improve on the mechanical contrivances of others; with the mental temperament, and large intellectual organs and Ideality, employs ingenuity in constructing sentences and arranging words, and forming essays, sentiments, books, etc.: p. 161.

VERY LARGE.--Shows extraordinary ingenuity, and a perfect passion for making every thing; with large Imitation, Form, Size, and Locality, has first-rate talents as an artist, and for drawing, engraving, etc.; and with Color added, is an excellent limner; with Ideality, adds niceness to skill; with large Causality, adds invention to execution, etc.: p. 162.

FULL.--Can, when occasion requires, employ tools and use the hands in making, tinkering, and fixing up, and turn off work with skill, yet has no great natural passion or ability therein; with practice, can be a good workman; without it, would not excel: p. 163.

AVERAGE.--Like full, only less gifted in this respect: p. 160.

MODERATE.--Is rather awkward in the use of tools, and in manual operations of every kind; with large Causality and perceptives, shows more talent in inventing than executing, yet no great in either; with the mental temperament, evinces some mental construction, yet no great physical ingenuity: p. 163.

SMALL.--Is deficient in the tool-using capability; awkward in making and fixing up things; poor in understanding and managing machinery; takes hold of work awkwardly and wrong end first; writes poorly, and lacks both mental and physical construction: p. 163.

VERY SMALL.--Can make nothing, except in the most awkward manner: p. 168.

21. IDEALITY.

Perception and admiration of the BEAUTIFUL and perfect; good TASTE and refinement; PURITY of feeling; sense of PROPRIETY, ELEGANCE, and GENTILITY; POLISH and IMAGINATION. Adapted to the beautiful in nature and art. Perverted, it gives fastidiousness and extra niceness.

LARGE.--Appreciates and enjoys beauty and perfection wherever found, especially in nature; is graced by purity and propriety of expression and conduct; by gracefulness and polish of manners, and general good taste; is pure-minded; enjoys the ideal of poetry, elegance, and romance; longs after perfection of character, and desires to obviate blemishes, and with Conscientiousness large, moral imperfections; with large social organs, evinces a nice sense of propriety in friendly intercourse; with large Alimentiveness, eats in a becoming and genteel manner; with large moral organs, appreciates most highly perfection of character, or moral beauties and excellences; with large reflectives, adds a high order of sense and strength of mind to beauty and perfection of character; with large perceptives, is gifted with a talent for the study of nature, etc.: p. 166.

VERY LARGE.--Has a rich and glowing imagination and a very high order of taste and love of perfection; is disgusted with whatever is gross, vulgar or out of taste; with only average Causality, has more outside polish than solidity of mind; and more exquisiteness than sense: p. 167.

FULL.--Evinces a good share of taste and refinement, yet not a high order of them, except in those things in which it has been vigorously cultivated; with large Language, Eventuality, and Comparison may compose with elegance, and speak with much natural eloquence, yet will have more force of thought than beauty of diction; with large Constructiveness, will use tools with considerable taste, yet more skill; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, shows general refinement, except when provoked, and is then grating and harsh; with large moral organs evinces more moral beauty and harmony than personal neatness; with large intellectual organs, possesses more beauty of mind than regard for looks and outside appearances, and prefers the sensible to the elegant and nice, etc.: p. 168.

AVERAGE.--Prefers the plain and substantial to the ornamental, and is a utilitarian; with large intellectual organs, prefers sound, solid matter to the ornament of style, and appreciates logic more than eloquence; with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, is hospitable, and evinces true cordiality, yet cares nothing for ceremony; with Approbativeness large, may try to be polite, but makes an awkward attempt, and is rather deficient in taste and elegance; with Constructiveness large, makes things that are solid and serviceable, but does not polish them off; with Language large, talks directly to the purpose, without paying much attention to the mode of expression, etc.: p. 160.

MODERATE.--Rather lacks taste in manners and expression; has but little of the sentimental or finished; should cultivate harmony and perfection of character, and endeavor to polish up; with large propensities, evinces them in rather a coarser and grosser manner, and is more liable to their perverted action than when this faculty is large, and is homespun in every thing: p. 163.

SMALL.--Shows a marked deficiency in whatever appertains to taste and style, also to beauty and sentiment: p. 163.

VERY SMALL.--Is almost deficient in taste, and evinces none: p. 164.

B. SUBLIMITY.

Perception and appreciation of the VAST, ILLIMITABLE, ENDLESS, OMNIPOTENT, and INFINITE. Adapted to that infinitude which characterizes every department of nature. Perverted, it leads to bombast, and a wrong use of extravagant ideas.

LARGE.--Appreciates and admires the grand, sublime, vast, magnificent, and splendid in nature and art; admires and enjoys exceedingly mountain scenery, thunder, lightning, tempests, vast prospects, and all that is awful and magnificent, also the foaming, dashing cataract, a storm at sea; the lightning's vivid flash, and its accompanying thunder; the commotion of the elements, and the star-spangled canopy of heaven, and all manifestations of omnipotence and infinitude; with large Veneration, is particularly delighted by the infinite as appertaining to the Deity, and his attributes and works; and with large Time added, has unspeakably grand conceptions of infinitude as applicable to devotion, past and future, and to the character and works of the Deity; with large intellectual organs, takes a comprehensive view of subjects, and gives illimitable scope to his investigations and conceptions, so that they will bear being carried out to any extent; and with Ideality large, adds the beautiful and perfect to the sublime and infinite.

VERY LARGE.--Has a passion for the wild, romantic, and infinite. See large.

FULL.--Enjoys grandeur, sublimity, and infinitude quite well, and imparts considerable of this element to his thoughts, emotions, and expressions; evinces the same qualities as large, only in a less degree.

AVERAGE.--Possesses considerable of this element, when it is powerfully excited, yet under ordinary circumstances, only an ordinary share of it.

MODERATE.--Is rather deficient in the conception and appreciation of the inimitable and infinite; and with Veneration moderate, fails to appreciate this element in nature and her Author.

SMALL.--Shows a marked deficiency in this respect, and should earnestly cultivate it.

VERY SMALL.--Is almost destitute of these emotions and conceptions.

22. IMITATION.

Ability and disposition to COPY, TAKE PATTERN, and IMITATE. Adapted to man's requisition for doing, talking, acting, etc., like others. Perverted, it copies even their faults.

LARGE.--Has a great propensity and ability to copy and take pattern from others; do what is seen done; describes and acts out well; with large Language, gesticulates much; with large perceptives, requires to be shown but once; with large Constructiveness easily learns to use tools, and to make things as others make them; and with small Continuity added, is a jack-at-all-trades, and thorough in none; begins many things, but fails to finish; with large Causality, perceptives, and an active temperament added, may make inventions or improvements, but never completes one till it makes another, or is always adding to them; with large Approbativeness, copies after renowned men; with large Adhesiveness, it takes pattern from friends; with large Language, imitates the style and mode of expression of others; with large Mirthfulness and full Secretiveness, creates laughter by taking off the oddities of people; with large Form, Size, and Constructiveness, copies shape and proportions; with large Color, imitates colors, and thus of all the other faculties: p. 170.

VERY LARGE.--Can mimic, act out, and pattern after almost any thing; with large Mirthfulness, relates anecdotes to the very life; has a theatrical taste and talent; gesticulates almost constantly while speaking; and, with large Language, imparts an uncommon amount of EXPRESSION to countenance, and every thing said; with large Individuality, Eventuality, Language, Comparison, and Ideality, can make a splendid speaker; and with large Mirthfulness, and full Secretiveness added, can keep others in a roar of laughter, yet remain serious; with an uneven head, is droll and humorous in the extreme; with large Approbativeness, delights in being the sport-maker at parties, etc., and excels therein; with large Constructiveness, Form, Size, Locality, and Comparison, full Color, and a good temperament, and a full-sized brain, can make a very superior artist of almost any kind; but with Color small, can engrave, draw, carve, model, etc., better than paint: p. 171.

FULL.--Copies quite well, yet not remarkably so; with large Causality, would rather invent a new way of doing things than copy the ordinary mode, and evinces considerable imitating talent when this faculty works in conjunction with large organs, but little otherwise: p. 171.

AVERAGE.--Can copy tolerably well when this faculty is strongly excited, yet is not a mimic, nor a natural copyist; with only full Constructiveness, evinces little manual dexterity; yet with large Causality, can originate quite well, and evinces no great disposition or ability to copy either the excellences or deficiencies of others, but prefers to be original: p. 169.

MODERATE.--Has little inclination to do what, and as, others do; but with large Causality, prefers to strike out a new course, and invent a plan of its own; with large Self-Esteem added, has an excellent conceit of that plan; but if Causality is only fair, is full of original device, yet they do not amount to any great things: p. 171.

SMALL.--Copies even commonplace matter with extraordinary difficulty and reluctance; is original, and generally does every thing in its own way: p. 172.

VERY SMALL.--Possesses scarcely any, and manifests no disposition or ability to copy any thing, not even enough to learn to talk well: p. 172.

23. MIRTHFULNESS.

Intuitive perception of the absurd and ridiculous; disposition and ability to joke and make fun, and laugh at what is improper, ill-timed, or unbecoming; pleasantness; facetiousness. Adapted to the absurd, inconsistent, and laughable. Perverted, it makes fun on solemn occasions, and where there is nothing ridiculous at which to laugh.

LARGE.--Enjoys a hearty laugh at the expressions and absurdities of others exceedingly, and delights to make fun out of every thing not exactly proper or in good taste, and is always ready to give as good a joke as it gets; with large Amativeness, loves to joke with and about the other sex, and with large Imitation and Language added, to talk with and tell stories to and about them; with large Combativeness and Ideality added, makes fun of their imperfections in dress, expression, manners, etc., and hits them off to admiration; with large Adhesiveness, Language, and Imitation is excellent company; with large Causality, Comparison, and Combativeness, argues mainly by ridicule or by showing up the absurdity of the opposite side, and excels most in exposing the fallacy of other systems than in propounding its own; with large Ideality, shows taste and propriety in its witticisms, and with this faculty average or less, is often gross, and with large Amativeness added, vulgar in jokes; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, makes many enemies; and with large Comparison added, compares those disliked to something mean, disgusting, and ridiculous: p. 173.

VERY LARGE.--Shows an extraordinary disposition and capability to make fun; is always laughing and making others laugh; with large Language, Comparison, Imitation, Perceptives, and Adhesiveness, with moderate Self-Esteem and Secretiveness, is "the fiddle of the company;" with only average Ideality added, is clownish, and often says undignified and perhaps low things to raise a laugh, and with only moderate Causality, things that lack sense, etc.: p. 175.