Chapter VIII: Free Figures and Slave 281

Opening Remarks--General Statistics of the Free and of the
Slave States--Tonnage, Exports, and Imports--Products of
Manufactures--Miles of Canals and Railroads in Operation--
Public Schools--Libraries other than Private--Newspapers and
Periodicals--Illiterate White Adults--National Political Power
of the two Sections--Popular Vote for President in 1856--
Patents Issued on New Inventions--Value of Church Property--
Acts of Benevolence--Contributions for the Bible Cause, Tract
Cause, Missionary Cause, and Colonization Cause--Table of
deaths in the several States in 1850--Number of Free White
Male Persons over fifteen years of age engaged in Agriculture
or other out-door Labor in the Slave States--Falsity of the
Assertion that White Men cannot cultivate Southern Soil--White
Female Agriculturists in North Carolina--Number of Natives of
the Slave States in the Free States, and of Natives of the Free
States in the Slave States--Value of the Slaves at $400 per
head--List of Presidents of the United States--Judges of the
Supreme Court--Secretaries of State--Presidents of the Senate--
Speakers of the House--Postmasters General--Secretaries of the
Interior--Secretaries of the Treasury--Secretaries of War--
Secretaries of the Navy--Result of the Presidential Elections
in the United States from 1796 to 1856--Aid for Kansas--
Contributions for the Sufferers in Portsmouth, Va., during the
Prevalence of the Yellow Fever in the Summer of 1855--
Congressional Representation--Custom House Receipts--When the
Old States were Settled and the New Admitted into the Union--
First European Settlements in America--Freedom and Slavery at
the Fair--What Freedom Did--What Slavery Did--Average Value per
Acre of Lands in the States of New York and North Carolina.

CHAPTER IX.

COMMERCIAL CITIES--SOUTHERN COMMERCE 331

Plea for a great Southern Commercial City--Importance of Cities
in General--Letters from the Mayors of sundry American Cities,
North and South--Wealth and Population of New-York, Baltimore,
Philadelphia, New-Orleans, Boston, St. Louis, Brooklyn,
Charleston, Cincinnati, Louisville, Chicago, Richmond,
Providence, Norfolk, Buffalo, Savannah, New-Bedford,
Wilmington--Wealth Concentrated at Commercial Points--Boston and
its Business--Progressive Growth of Cities--A Fleet of
Merchantmen--Commerce of Norfolk--Baltimore, Past, Present, and
Future--Insignificance of Southern Commerce--Enslavement of
Slaveholders to the Products of Northern Industry--Almost Utter
Lack of Patriotism in Southern Merchants and Slaveholders.

CHAPTER X.

FACTS AND ARGUMENTS BY THE WAYSIDE 360

Why this Work was not Published in Baltimore--Legislative Acts
Against Slavery--Testimony of a West India Planter to the
Advantages of Free over Slave Labor--The True Friends of the
South--Slavery Thoughtful--Signs of Contrition--Progress of
Freedom in the South--Anti-slavery Extracts from Southern
Journals--A Right Feeling in the Right Quarter--The Illiterate
Poor Whites of the South.

CHAPTER XI.

SOUTHERN LITERATURE 383

Instances of Protracted Literary Labor--Comparative
Insignificance of Periodical and General Literature in the
Southern States--The New-York Tribune--Southern System of
Publishing--Book-making in America--The Business of the Messrs.
Harper--Southern Journals Struggling for Existence--Paucity of
Southern Authors--Proportion of White Adults, over Twenty Years
of Age, in each State, who cannot Read and Write, to the Whole
White Population--Southern Authors Compelled to Seek Northern
Publishers--Conclusion.