Chapter III: Appendix: B.--The English and Spanish Fleets in 1588 357

INDEX 363

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PRINTED SEPARATELY FROM THE TEXT

ADMIRAL MICHIEL ADRIAANSZOON DE RUIJTER _Frontispiece_

FACING PAGE

GAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR 17

CLAUDIUS I. 32

JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE 213

A GREAT-SHIP OF THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 220

THOMAS HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY 261

KING JAMES IV. OF SCOTLAND 268

ADMIRAL PERO MENENDEZ DE AVILES 289

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE 304

LORD HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM 309

SIR JOHN HAWKINS 316

JAMES, DUKE OF MONMOUTH 321

WILLIAM OF ORANGE 336

PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD STUART 341

GENERAL LAZARE HOCHE 346

A HIGHLAND OUTPOST 348

PRINTED IN THE TEXT
PAGE

TYPES OF ROMAN SOLDIERS 10

A BRITON 15

A ROMAN TRIREME OFF DOVER 19

THE ROMAN WALL BETWEEN AESICA AND BORCOVICUS 55

ANGLO-SAXON WEAPONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM 95

A VIKING WARRIOR 115

THE OSEBERG DRAGON SHIP 118

SCANDINAVIAN WEAPONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM 121

IRON HAFTED BATTLE-AXE FOUND AT WINCHESTER 123

PLANKS TAKEN FROM A NINTH-CENTURY WAR VESSEL SUNK IN THE
HAMBLE RIVER 133

AN ANGLO-SAXON WEARING A HELMET OF LEATHER STRENGTHENED
WITH METAL BANDS 135

NORSE SHIP FOUND AT GOKSTAD 151

HORSES BEING LANDED FROM TRANSPORTS 189

WILLIAM’S FLAGSHIP, THE ‘MORA’ 189

THE ATTACK ON THE ENGLISH SHIELD-WALL AT HASTINGS 201

A VERY EARLY CAST-IRON BREECH-LOADING GUN 215

WROUGHT-IRON GUN FROM THE ‘MARIE ROSE’ 219

A BRASS CANNON ROYAL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII. 220

THE VIEW NORTH-WEST FROM FLODDEN FIELD 253

WEAPONS NOW PRESERVED IN BAMBOROUGH CASTLE 256

AN ENGLISH BILLMAN 262

A SCOTTISH PIKEMAN 265

BROWN BILL AND A BILL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII. 267

AN ELIZABETHAN MIDDLE-RATE GALLEON OR BATTLESHIP 281

IRON CANNON OF THE ARMADA PERIOD 290

BRASS DODECAGONAL SAKER OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 296

A DUTCH TWO-DECKED BATTLESHIP 325

A HIGHLAND CLANSMAN OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 335

MARTELLO TOWERS ON THE SUSSEX COAST 362

MAPS AND PLANS

PAGE

CÆSAR’S TWO EXPEDITIONS TO BRITAIN IN 55 AND 54 B.C. 27

THE CAMPAIGN OF A.D. 60 AGAINST BOUDICCA 49

THE PASS THROUGH THE LAMMERMUIRS 101

BRITAIN FROM ABOUT 500-570 103

BRITAIN ABOUT 613 111

ENGLISH AND NORTHMEN AT THE DEATH OF ALFRED 149

THE FINAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN EADMUND II. AND CNUT 175

THE CAMPAIGN OF 1066 185

PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS 195

PLAN OF THE FLODDEN MANŒUVRE 259

PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF FLODDEN 264

ORDER OF SAILING OF THE SPANISH ARMADA 297

THE DUTCH IN THE MEDWAY 322, 323

ENGLAND INVADED