Chapter XI: Part 11

[15] Indeed, this description is so like in spirit to that of Clairvaux, that I cannot forbear quoting a few lines of the latter. The writer describes the workshops where the brethren labour, and the orchard used for rest and quiet thought, and goes on to say how the Aube is raised by the toils of the brethren to the level of the Abbey; it throws half its water into the Abbey, 'as if to salute the brethren, and seems to excuse itself for not coming in its whole force.' Then 'it returns with rapid current to the stream, and renders to it, in the name of Clairvaux, thanks for all the services which it has performed.' The writer then goes on to tell of the fountain which, protected by a grassy pavilion, rises from the mountain, and is quickly engulfed in the valley, 'offering itself to charm the sight and supply the wants of the brethren, as if it were not willing to have communition with any others than saints.' This last is surely a touch worthy of Bana. V. Dr. Eale's translation of 'St. Bernard's Works.' London, 1889, vol. ii., pp. 462-467.

[16] Translated by Mr. C. Tawney. Oriental Translation Fund Series, p. 113.

[17] V. 'Kadambari,' Nirnaya Sagara, p. 19, l. 2.

[18] 'Hiouen Thsang,' translated by St. Julien, 'Mémoires sur les Contrées Occidentals,' I., pp. 247-265. Cf. also 'Harsha-Carita,' ch. viii. (p. 236 of the translation), where he pays great honour to a Buddhist sage.

[19] E. I. i. 67.

[20] V. 'Katha-Sarit-Sagara,' i. 505.

[21] V. 'Kadambari,' pp. 97-104.

[22] V. 'History of Indian Literature,' translation, London, 1878, p. 232.

[23] V. 'Sahitya-Darpana,' § 626-628.

[24] Ibid., § 630.

[25]

'Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,
Thou makest thy knife keen.'

'Merchant of Venice,' IV. 1, 123 (Globe edition).

'Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough,
When there is in it but one only man.'

'Julius Cæsar,' I. 2, 156.

[26] V. 'Sahitya-Darpana,' § 664.

[27] Ibid., § 718-722.

[28] Ibid., § 738.

[29] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' p. 36.

[30] Cf. Spenser's stanzas on Mutability.

[31] V. infra, p. 208.

[32] V. infra, p. 2.

[33] The list looks long, but the pages in the 'Nirnaya-Sagara' edition contain frequently but few lines, and many of the omissions are a line or two of oft-repeated similes.

[34] Beginning at p. 566 of the 'Nirnaya-Sagara' edition.

[35] I here take the opportunity to acknowledge what by an oversight was omitted in its proper place, my indebtedness to Professor Cowell for the rendering into English verse of two couplets given on pp. 11 and 113.

[36] As the three Vedas, or the triad.

[37] Vishnu Purana, Bk. v., ch. 33.

[38] His guru.

[39] Rasa = (a) the eight rasas; (b) love.

[40] Çayya = (a) composition; (b) couch.

[41] (a) Which sparkle with emphatic words and similes; (b) like flashing lamps.

[42] (a) Pun; (b) proximity.

[43] Hanging on his ear (as an ornament).

[44] In the case of elephants, 'having their ichor regulated by a proper regimen.'

[45] With renowned warriors on their backs.

[46] Having trunks as thick as sacrificial posts.

[47] I.e., Vasavadatta and the Brihatkatha; or, r., advitiya, unrivalled.

[48] (a) Unconquerable in might; (b) having unconquerable shafts.

[49] In the case of Brahma, 'he made his chariot of flamingoes.'

[50] (a) His hand was wet with a stream of constant giving; (b) the trunk was wet with ichor.

[51] Or, to the sun's orb.

[52] Vinata = (a) mother of Garuda; (b) humble.

[53] Or, caste.

[54] Or, fines of gold.

[55] Or, fickle affections.

[56] Had, mada = (a) pride; (b) ichor.

[57] Or, breaking away from virtue.

[58] Or, tribute.

[59] In autumn, the hamsas, or wild geese, return.

[60] Or, bamboos.

[61] Ram. I. 60.

[62] He had (a) great faults; (b) a long arm.

[63] Dark.

[64] I.e., imposed no heavy tribute.

[65] Or, 'with citra and çravana,' lunar mansions.

[66] Or, living creatures.

[67] (a) Of lowly birth; (b) not dwelling on earth.

[68] (a) Candala; (b) elephant.

[69] Or, ajati, without caste.

[70] Alaka = (a) curls; (b) a city.

[71] Or, whose love would be a reproach.

[72] A verse in the arya measure.

[73] Vipula, Acala, and Çaça, characters in the Brihatkatha. Or, broad mountains and hares.

[74] Varuna, tree; varuna, wine.

[75] Or, with lightning.

[76] Constellations. The moon was supposed to have a deer dwelling in it.

[77] (a) The cowries held by the suite; (b) different kinds of deer.

[78] (a) Rocky; (b) having Çiva.

[79] Kuça: (a) Sita's son; (b) grass. Niçacara: (a) Ravana; (b) owls.

[80] (a) Mark of aloes on the brow; (b) tilaka trees and aloe trees all bright.

[81] (a) Love; (b) madana trees.

[82] As an amulet.

[83] Name of an ornament.

[84] Wine-cups.

[85] (a) Halls; (b) çal trees.

[86] (a) Clapping of hands; (b) palm-trees.

[87] (a) Arrows; (b) reeds.

[88] (a) Trees; (b) eyes.

[89] (a) As tamala trees (very dark); (b) with tamala trees.

[90] Virata, a king who befriended the Pandavas. The chief of his army was named Kicaka. F. Mbh., Bk. iv., 815. Kicaka also means 'bamboo.'

[91] Or, the twinkling stars of the Deer constellation, pursued by the Hunter (a constellation).

[92] Bark garments, matted locks, and rags of grass.

[93] (a) Seven leaves; (b) a tree.

[94] (a) Of fierce disposition; (b) full of wild beasts.

[95] The sign of a vow.

[96] Or perhaps, 'not caring for the fascination of the beauty of Ravana,' i.e. his sister. He was loved by Ravana's sister.

[97] Does this refer to the reflection of the sky in its clear water?

[98] Çalmali = silk cotton-tree.

[99] Lit., 'striving upwards to see.'

[100] Indra's wood.

[101] Çakuni = (a) bird; (b) name of Duryodhana's supporter.

[102] Or, 'by Vanamala,' Krishna's chaplet.

[103] Tara = (a) wife of Sugriva, the monkey king; (b) star.

[104] Mountaineer.

[105] Arjuna, or Karttavirya, was captured by Ravana when sporting in the Nerbuddha, and was killed by Paraçurama. V. Vishnu Purana, Bk. iv., ch. 11.

[106] Dushana was one of Ravana's generals; Khara was Ravana's brother, and was slain by Rama.

[107] Cf. Uttararamacarita, Act V.

[108] Ekalavya, king of the Nishadas, killed by Krishna. Mbh., I., 132.

[109] Or, curls.

[110] V. Harivamça, 83.

[111] Or, with clouds.

[112] She-rhinoceros.

[113] Or, rainbows.

[114] Ekacakra = (a) a city possessed by Vaka; (b) one army, or one quoit.

[115] Naga = (a) elephant; (b) snake.

[116] Or, Çikhandi, a son of Drupada, a friend of the Pandavas.

[117] Or, mirage.

[118] Or, eager for the Manasa lake. The Vidyadhara was a good or evil genius attending the gods. V. Kulluka on Manu, xii., 47.

[119] Yojanagandha, mother of Vyasa.

[120] Or, 'bearing the form of Bhima.' He was Bhima's son. V. Mbh., I., 155.

[121] (a) Crescent moon of Çiva; (b) eyes of peacocks' tails.

[122] Hiranyakaçipu. V. Harivamça, 225.

[123] Or, an ambitious man surrounded by bards (to sing his praises).

[124] Or, loving blood.

[125] Nishadas = (a) mountaineers; (b) the highest note of the scale.

[126] (a) Had passed many ages; (b) had killed many birds.

[127] Or, great wealth.

[128] Black.

[129] Or, Durga.

[130] Or, mountain.

[131] (a) Magnanimity; (b) great strength.

[132] Anabhibhavaniya°.

[133] (a) Awakening cry; (b) moral law.

[134] Owls are supposed to be descendants of the sage Viçvamitra.

[135] As omens.

[136] Piçitaçna, a demon, or, according to the commentary here, a tiger.

[137] Lit., 'creating a doubt of.'

[138] Cf. Emerson's Essay on Experience: 'Sleep lingers all our life-time about our eyes, as night hovers all day in the boughs of the fir-tree.'

[139] Read, Çrama.

[140] Lit., 'To have been an extract from.'

[141] Sacred to Indra, and burnt by Agni with the help of Arjuna and Krishna.

[142] Three horizontal lines.

[143] Truth in thought, word, and deed.

[144] Read, Nishpatata.

[145] Nilapandu, mottled blue and white. The Hindu penance is to be between five fires: four on earth and the sun above. V. Manu, vi. 23.

[146] The sign of a vow.

[147] (a) Bark garment; (b) bark of trees.

[148] (a) Girdle. V. Manu, ii. 42; (b) mountain slope.

[149] Or, the moon.

[150] Or, with.

[151] (a) Kripa = compassion; (b) Kripa was the teacher of Açvatthama, or Drauni.

[152] Or, Virgo, Cervus, the Pleiads and Draco.

[153] (a) Having twilight drunk up; (b) having many faults eradicated.

[154] Rajas = (a) dust; (b) passion.

[155] In performance of a vow. V. Manu, vi. 23.

[156] Or, 'of the demon Naraka,' slain by Krishna. Harivamça, 122.

[157] Or, had stars tawny at the junction of night and day.

[158] Lit., (a) Holding all his passions in firm restraint; (b) having the axle of its wheels firm.

[159] Lit., (a) He had a body wasted by secret performance of penance; (b) he brought to nought the enemies' plans of battle by secret counsel and by his army.

[160] Or, having caves with whirlpools and the circles of shells oblique.

[161] Or, quays.

[162] (a) Perhaps Pushkara, the place of pilgrimage in Ajmere; (b) lotus-grove.

[163] (a) Having entrance into great halls; (b) being absorbed in Brahma.

[164] Or, salvation.

[165] Or, inflicted punishment; or, though intent on the Sama veda, he was yet a dandi; i.e., an ascetic who despises ritual.

[166] Having beautiful matted locks.

[167] (a) Having no left eye; (b) having no crooked glances.

[168] R. V., x. 190.

[169] Another kind of bread-tree.

[170] The Commentary explains it as 'Veda.'

[171] The tridandaka or three staves of the mendicant Brahman who has resigned the world.

[172] Or, impassioned glances.

[173] (a) Moulting; (b) partisanship.

[174] Bala = (a) hair; (b) children.

[175] Rama, woman.

[176] Çakuni = (a) a bird; (b) Duryodhana's uncle.

[177] Vayu = (a) wind; (b) breath.

[178] (a) Teeth; (b) Brahmans.

[179] Or, dullness.

[180] Or, seeking prosperity.

[181] Or, seek enjoyment.

[182] Or good fortune.

[183] The Garhapatya, Dakshina, and Ahavaniya fires.

[184] Proverbial phrase for clearness.

[185] Vishnu Purana, vi., ch. 3, 'The seven solar rays dilate to seven suns, and set the three worlds on fire.'

[186] Lit., 'is leader of.'

[187] Or, caprice.

[188] Vishnu Purana, i., 123.

[189] Semi-divine beings dwelling between the earth and the sun.

[190] Tara = (a) stars; (b) wife of Brihaspati, carried away by the moon.

[191] (a) "Wife of the sage Vaçishtha; (b) the morning star.

[192] (a) Constellation; (b) staff borne during a vow.

[193] (a) Constellation; (b) roots for the hermits' food.

[194] Or, constellation.

[195] Çiva.

[196] Caste.

[197] Friends.

[198] I.e., king, minister, and energy.

[199] Or, misfortune.

[200] An ordeal.

[201] An ordeal.

[202] (a) Clearing of the waters after the rainy season; (b) ordeal of poison.

[203] (a) Magic; (b) practice of Yoga.

[204] (a) Lit., 'tearing out of eyes;' (b) slaughter of the demon Taraka by Kartikeya.

[205] A star in the Scorpion's tail.

[206] Seizing of tribute.

[207] Or, having his body united. V. Dowson, 'Classical Dictionary.'

[208] Having fortresses subdued.

[209] These are teachers of the gods and heroes.

[210] Vishnu.

[211] Lit., 'firm.'

[212] (a) The gods; (b) love.

[213] Four was the number of the oceans and of the arms of Narayana.

[214] The divine mothers, or personified energies of the chief deities.

[215] Wife of Çukanasa.

[216] Summary of pp. 141-155.

[217] Or, Ananga, name of Kama.

[218] Since he can only give it the name, not the substance or meaning. Kumara = (a) name of Kartikeya; (b) prince.

[219] Kama.

[220] Summary of pp. 176-189.

[221] Lit., 'sew him to himself.'

[222] Summary of pp. 190, 191.

[223] Summary of p. 193.

[224] Çarabha, a fabulous animal supposed to have eight legs, and to dwell in the snowy mountains.

[225] (a) Many sins; (b) twilight.

[226] Lit., (a) climbs trees; (b) protects parasites.

[227] (a) Showing the elevation of many men; (b) rising in stature to the height of many men.

[228] Or, arrogance.

[229] Or, stupidity.

[230] Or, wealth.

[231] Or, ill-fortune.

[232] Balam = (a) strength; (b) army. Laghuma = (a) lightness; (b) triviality.

[233] Vigrahavati = (a) having a body; (b) full of strife.

[234] Purushottama, i.e., Vishnu.

[235] The rainy season sends away the hamsas.

[236] Lit., their limbs fail them.

[237] Which have a strong scent.

[238] Men having throbbing eyes.

[239] (a) A noble man; (b) fire.

[240] Or, drink.

[241] Or, taxes.

[242] Like Vishnu.

[243] Like Çiva.

[244] Lit., 'inlaid.'

[245] Or, kesara flowers.

[246] Recaka, so commentary.

[247] Both trees of paradise.

[248] The quarter of Çatakratu or Indra.

[249] All auspicious signs. Cakra is (a) a quoit; (b) a cakravaka.

[250] (a) A demon; (b) the heron.

[251] For the love of snakes for the breeze, V. Raghuvamça, XIII., 12, and Buddhacarita, I., 44. Snakes are sometimes called vayubaksha.

[252] The following reference to Thomas Bell's 'History of British Quadrupeds' was given by Mr. S. B. Charlesworth. 'Writing about the deer of our parks (p. 404) he (Bell) quotes Playford's "Introduction to Music" as follows: "Travelling some years since, I met on the road near Royston a herd of about twenty deer following a bagpipe and violin, which while the music played went forward. When it ceased they all stood still, and in this manner they were brought out of Yorkshire to Hampton Court."' V. supra, pp. 40, 79.

[253] Meghaduta, 38.

[254] The dvipas are continents separated from each other by oceans. The Çvetadvipa, or White Continent, is, according to Weber, suggested by Alexandria. V. 'Indische Studien,' I., 400; II., 397, 398.

[255] Dvandva, a pair of opposites, as, e.g., pleasure and pain.

[256] (a) Brilliant; (b) Durga.

[257] Summary of p. 277.

[258] The Commentary says: 'A house is whitened to welcome anyone. The face (or mouth) is the dwelling of Sarasvati.'

[259] Mandara, one of the trees of Paradise.

[260] The month June-July.

[261] Staff.

[262] (a) A tilaka, or mark of ashes; (b) abundance of tilaka trees white with blossoms.

[263] Read Kauçalasya.

[264] Cf. 'Dulce rudimentum meditantis lilia quondam naturæ, cum sese opera ad majora pararet.'--Rapin, on the convolvulus. V. Hallam, 'Hist. of Lit.,' Pt. iv., ch. v.

[265] Vishnu Purana, Wilson, 1865, vol. ii., p. 297.

[266] Son of Kuvera.

[267] The coral tree.

[268] Or, virtue.

[269] 'In the arya metre,' in the Sanskrit.

[270] Manasijanma = (a) born in the Manasa lake; (b) born in the mind, i.e., love. Muktalata = (a) a white creeper; (b) a pearl necklace.

[271] Scilicet, in the day.

[272] Turbid with (a) dust; (b) passion.

[273] The Vishnu Purana, Bk. vi., ch. iii., mentions seven suns.

[274] The asterism Rohini.

[275] Utkalika = (a) wave; (b) longing.

[276] Or, hand.

[277] Hands.

[278] Feet.

[279] Hands.

[280] Candracandala (lit., 'base-born moon') is intended as an assonance.

[281] Purnapatra, a basket of gifts to be scrambled for at a wedding.

[282] I.e., the row of pearls given by Mahaçveta.

[283] Omit, priyajanaviçvasavacanani.

[284] Read, parityakta.

[285] Read, antare.

[286] Goçirsha, a kind of fragrant sandal.

[287] V. Vishnu Purana, Bk. i., ch. iii. (For the description of Brahma's night.)

[288]

Tatah Saindhavako raja kshudras, tata, Jayadrathah,
Varadanena Rudrasya sarvan nah samavarayat.

('Then the vile Sindh kinglet, Jayadratha, through the boon conferred by Rudra, O my son, kept us all back.')--Mahabharata, vii., 2574.

[289] Harivamça, 4906.

[290] The cakora, or Greek partridge, was said to have its eyes turned red in the presence of poison.

[291] Madira, intoxicating, bewitching; so called because her eyes were madirah.

[292] Daksha cursed the moon with consumption at the appeal of his forty-nine daughters, the moon's wives, who complained of his special favour to the fiftieth sister.

[293] Lit., 'without cause.'

[294] Lit., 'going by machinery.'

[295] Trees of paradise.

[296] A pun on pida, grief.

[297] A pun on pida, a chaplet.

[298] Read irshyam, vyatham, and rosham, as the Calcutta edition.

[299] 'All the rasas,' the ten emotions of love, fear, etc., enumerated by writers on rhetoric.

[300] Because water was poured out to ratify a gift.

[301] Bhashita, literally, 'addressed by'; or read, bhavita, 'entering into the spirit of.'

[302] Read nirdakshinyaya.

[303] A bundle of peacock feathers waved by the conjuror to bewilder the audience.

[304] The dark blue of the bees was like the blue veil worn by women going to meet their lovers.

[305] This passage is condensed.

[306] Read musho.

[307] I.e., 'relic,' or 'remaining.'

[308] Read Mahaçvetam.

[309] Cf. 'Harsha Carita' (Bombay edition, p. 272), 'Parameçvarottamangapatadurlalitangam'.

[310] Read Kumudamayya.

[311] A tree of paradise.

[312] Tali, a kind of palm; Kandala, a plantain.

[313] Or, reading avirala, thick coming.

[314] The Vishnu Purana, Bk. ii., ch. ii., calls Mandara the Mountain of the East; Gandhamadana, of the South; Vipula, of the West; and Suparçva, of the North.

[315] Father of Kuvera.

[316] Brahma.

[317] A phrase denoting readiness to obey. V. supra, p. 15.

[318] Pouring water into the hand was the confirmation of a gift. V. supra, p. 150.

[319] Transpose iti.

[320] Hybiscus mutabilis changes colour thrice a day.

[321] Or, at a wrong time.

[322] Remove the stop after asyah and Candrapidah, and place one after gantum.

[323] 'It is not allowed by her favour to move.'

[324] Read suhridapi gantavyam, 'his friend must go.'

[325] Or, sampanna, 'full-grown, having fruit and flowers,' according to the commentary.

[326] Read khinne.

[327] Read prasadanam.

[328] Read °janat, etc.

[329] V. supra, p. 12, where the robes of the chiefs are torn by their ornaments in their hasty movements.

[330] Paravaça iva, or, 'with mind enslaved to other thoughts.'

[331] Read garigasi.

[332] The Jamuna is a common comparison for blue or green.

[333] Placing a stop after gaditum instead of after nihçesham.

[334] An allusion to the idea that the açoka would bud when touched by the foot of a beautiful woman.

[335] Anubandha, one of the four necessary conditions in writing. (a) Subject-matter; (b) purpose; (c) relation between subject treated and its end; (d) competent person to hear it.-- V. 'Vedanta Sara.,' p. 2-4; 'Vacaspatya Dictionary.'

[336] 'Manu,' ix., 90.

[337] I.e., the down on the body rises from joy (a common idea in Sanskrit writers), and holds the robe on its points.

[338] Read, Samdiçanti, and place the stop after svayam instead of after samdiçanti.

[339] I.e., awake a sleeping lion.

[340] Or, 'wine.'

[341] Bhushanabhatta, after these introductory lines, continues Patralekha's account of Kadambari's speech, and completes the story.

[342] I.e., Patralekha.

[343] Literally, 'that forest of creepers, sc. maidens.'

[344] So commentary.

[345] Avanti is the province of which Ujjayini is the capital. For the Divine Mothers, V. supra, p. 56.

[346] V. supra, pp. 19, 20, 47.

[347] A king of the solar race.

[348] V. supra, p. 6.

[349] Read ashtanam api Vasunam.

[350] The commentary says 'mother' is said to a daughter-in-law, just as tata, 'father,' is said to a son.

[351] The parrot's own history is now continued from p. 47.

[352] The commentary explains these as Indra, Yama, Varuna, Soma and Kuvera. The Calcutta translation apparently translates a reading mahabhutani.

[353] As the betrothed of Mahaçveta, who was of the moon-race of Apsarases.

[354] For gandharva marriage, v. Manu., iii. 32.

[355] Cf. M. Arnold:

'Ah, where the spirit its highest life hath led,
All spots, match'd with that spot, are less divine.'

[356] Apunarukta, 'without tautology.'

[357] Çiva.

[358] Fiends attendant on Çiva.

[359] Vide p. 98.

[360] Or, with fishes.

[361] Or, light.

[362] Literally (a) whose wealth is crores of rupees; (b) in the case of the moon, 'whose essence is in its horns.'

[363] (a) Partizanship; (b) cutting of pinions. When the rest of the mountains lost their wings, Mainaka escaped.

[364] Or, padma, 1000 billions.

[365] Or, emeralds.

[366] Or, rogues.

[367] Or, granaries.

[368] Or, learned.

[369] Or, though full of energy, they fear their enemies.

[370] Or, liberal.

[371] V. Sahitya-Darpana, 641.

[372] Ibid., 568.

[373] Or, offering gifts.

[374] Or, containing pine-trees.

[375] Or, attentive to women.

[376] Brother of Rama and Bharata.

[377] Or, their friends.

[378] Or, of the Sarvastivadin School (a subdivision of the Vaibhashika Buddhists).

[379] Or, matter and spirit.

[380] Or, lotus-hued.

[381] In the case of Çiva, 'loud laughter, bright as nectar.'

[382] It has treasure vaults.

[383] Or, keeping its covenants firm.

[384] Or, houses whitened with ivory and cowries.

[385] Or, having splendid mountains always at hand.

[386] Or, false.

[387] Or, gold pieces.

[388] (a) Demon; (b) golden dice.

[389] Or, rogues.

[390] Or, the sporting of King Bala.

[391] Though the free intercourse with women is allowed, it is of irreproachable conduct.

[392] Its castes are loved.

[393] Vihara (a) without necklaces; (b) having temples.

[394] Having many citizens.

[395] Then follows: 'There--demons,' p. 47, l. 18.

[396] Follows p. 48, l. 17, 'gay.'

[397] Read °kulaih; (a) Kings; (b) mountains.

[398] Loss of dependencies; or, loss of wings.

[399] Or, by the star Budha.

[400] Or, his body was destroyed.

[401] Or, Sumitra, wife of Daçaratha.

[402] Or, by the 'Lord of Battles,' i.e., Kartikeya.

[403] Or, was honoured for his patience.

[404] (a) A great family; (b) a great bamboo from which the river is said to rise.

[405] V. supra, p. 162.

[406] Read lavanga.

[407] A monkey chief.

[408] The figures refer to the page and line of the Nirnaya-Sagara edition of Kadambari.

[409] Passages marked * are condensed, and only occasional phrases are translated.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Kadambari of Bana, by Bana and Bhushanabhatta