Chapter XLV: Appendix: N (1)

[See p. 394.]

_Letter to the Lords of the Treasury--Superannuation Grant._

Hampstead, 17th March, 1864.

MY LORDS,--The Postmaster-General, as requested by your Lordships, has done me the favour to furnish me with a copy of your minute of 11th instant, granting me a special superannuation allowance on retiring from my office as Secretary to the Post Office, and conveying to me the very favourable opinion, which your Lordships are pleased to express, of the manner in which I have discharged my duties.

It cannot be necessary to assure your Lordships of the deep gratification with which I have received so handsome and elaborate a recognition of my services. I have only to beg that you will be pleased to accept my most respectful thanks.

In a document so highly complimentary, I hesitate to notice what would appear to be an admission, inadvertently made, to the effect that the adoption of the uniform penny postage was urged by others before the development of my plans. This, I assure your Lordships, is an error; and, as uniformity of rate constitutes the main feature of my plan, I am naturally anxious to place before you the real facts of the case. I trust, therefore, you will pardon me if I request attention to the enclosed memorandum on the subject.

I need scarcely add that, should the expectations of my medical friends, of improved health from rest, be realised, and any occasion arise in which it may appear to your Lordships that my assistance or advice in further postal improvements may be of advantage, I shall feel honoured by being permitted to place them at your disposal.

I have, &c.,
ROWLAND HILL.

The Right Hon.
The Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury,
&c., &c., &c.

MEMORANDUM.

A low and uniform rate of postage forms the most essential feature of my plan of postal reform, and I have no hesitation in stating that its conception originated wholly with myself. To guard against future error I ask permission to place on record a brief statement of facts.

The principle of uniformity of rate, now that it has been in successful operation for nearly a quarter of a century, appears, perhaps, simple and obvious; but so far from its having been, as it is sometimes supposed, the happy thought of a moment, it was the result of most laborious investigation on my part. Indeed, a slight consideration will show that its conception necessarily involved a previous discovery--viz., that the cost per letter of mere transit within the limits of the United Kingdom was practically inappreciable, or, at least, that it was not dependent mainly on distance; being, in fact, quite as much dependent on the number of letters contained in the particular mail as on the distance that mail was carried. Indeed, it was shown, from careful investigation, that the cost of mere conveyance, even for so great a distance as from London to Edinburgh, was only the thirty-sixth part of a penny per letter. From this and other facts, it followed that a uniform rate was more just than one varying according to distance. The convenience of uniformity was obvious.

I may add that when I first entered on the investigations preparatory to the construction of my plan, I myself had no conception of the practicability of a uniform rate, and that the discovery referred to above was as startling to myself as it proved when announced to the public at large.

A reference to my original pamphlet--a copy of which is, I presume, still in your Lordships' possession--or to my evidence before the Select Committee of 1838, appointed to inquire into the practicability of my plans, will show the various steps by which I arrived at the conclusion that a uniform penny rate was at once just and practicable.

There is but one other person, so far as I am aware, to whom the suggestion of a uniform penny rate has, with even the slightest plausibility, ever been assigned--I refer to the late Mr. Wallace, formerly Member for Greenock, and Chairman of the Select Committee on Postage in 1838; but though Mr. Wallace frequently urged, among other useful reforms, a great reduction in the postal charges, I can say from personal knowledge that he had no idea whatever of a uniform rate until after the publication of my pamphlet. Indeed, this sufficiently appears from his speech in Parliament in July, 1836, the last occasion on which, before the publication of my pamphlet, he referred to the rates of postage. The following is an extract from "Hansard" (Vol. xxxv., 3rd series, p. 422):--

* * * * *

"At the same time the rates of postage ought to be reduced. It would be proper not to charge more than 3_d._ for any letter sent a distance of 50 miles; for 100 miles, 4_d._; 200 miles, 6_d._; and the highest rate of postage ought not to be more than 8_d._ or 9_d._ at most."

* * * * *

Further evidence upon this point is also in my possession, which can be submitted, should it be deemed necessary.

ROWLAND HILL.

Hampstead, 17th March, 1864.

FINIS.

THOS. DE LA RUE AND CO. PRINTERS. BUNHILL ROW LONDON.

INDEX

A

Abbott, Mr., vol. ii. 300

Aberdeen, Earl of, vol. ii. 217, 218, 222-225, 287

Accounts. See Post Office

Admiralty, vol. ii. 369. See also Packet Service

Ady, Joseph, vol. ii. 82

Airy, Sir G. B., correction of statement about M. Biot, vol. i. 499;
R. H.'s letter to him, 506;
letters to R. H., 507, 509;
signs R. H.'s recommendation for the Royal Society, vol. ii. 359;
present at his funeral, 431

Alarum water-clock, vol. i. 83, 157

Algeria, vol. ii. 311

Algerine ambassador, vol. i. 172

Allen, Ralph, vol. ii. 9

Alton, vol. ii. 276

Amiens, peace of, vol. i. 19, 38

Angas, Mr. G. F., vol. i. 221

Anson, General, vol. i. 279

Applegarth, Mr., vol. i. 224

Architecture, study of, vol. i. 61, 128

Argyll, Duke of, vol. ii. 349;
Government loans to railways, vol. ii. 279, 280;
Civil Service examination, 303;
his character;
facility of composition, 355;
signs recommendation of R. H.'s admission to Royal Society, 359;
provisionally Postmaster-General, 361;
letters to R. H., 344, 356;
R. H.'s letters to him, 280, 302, 330;
out of England at the time of R. H.'s funeral--his affection towards
him, 430

Arithmetic, mental, vol. i. 92, 128

Armstrong, Sir W., vol. i. 242

Armstrong, Mr., vol. ii. 49, 72

Arnold, Dr., vol. i. 100, 101, 115, 124

Arnott, Dr., vol. i. 210

Ashburton, Lord, vol. i. 279, 469;
evidence before Parliamentary Committee (1838) 310, 317, 321;
letter to R.H., 362

Ashford, Mary, vol. i. 85

Ashley, Lord (Earl of Shaftesbury), presents a memorial from Bath, vol.
ii. 108;
motion for abolition of Sunday duty, 155, 156, 158, 160, 163;
writes to R. H., 156;
partial retractation, 150, 159

Ashurst, Mr., vol. i. 294, 486

Assassination, threats of, vol. ii. 327

Assay Office, Birmingham, vol. i. 55

Astronomy, vol. i. 57-59, 68, 69, 495-508

Attwood, Mr., vol. i. 150

Auditing, Post Office, vol. i. 454, vol. ii. 186, 313

Australia, colonisation, vol. i. 217, 219;
correspondence, 485, vol. ii. 10, 396;
mails, 242, 289-292, 310, 373, 480;
postage charges, 243, 310, 371

Austria, postal reform, vol. ii. 35, 252

Ayr, vol. ii. 230

B

Baines, Mr. Edward, vol. ii. 331, 346

Baines, Mr. Frederick, vol. ii. 251

Ballaghaderin, vol. i. 413

Bancroft, Mr., vol. ii. 92

Banning, Mr., vol. ii. 54, 307

Banwell, vol. i. 306

Bar Beacon, vol. i. 97

Barbauld, Mrs., vol. i. 54

Baring, Sir Francis (Lord Northbrook), vol. i. 355, 371, 374, 376,
380, 381, 384, 386, 390, 391, 392, 401, 406, 411, 416, 424, 426,
428, 429, 432, 434, 435, 450, 451, 466, vol. ii. 358, 384;
first interview with R. H., vol. i. 365;
gives R. H. appointment in Treasury, 369;
doubts of prepayment and use of stamp, 382, 396, vol. ii. 86;
does not care for a little unpopularity, vol. i. 389;
long hours of work, 385, 398, 415, 417, 431;
remark on the French Government, 410;
friendship with R. H. and trust in him, 422, 423, 437-441, 490,
vol. ii. 388, 397, 411;
budget of 1841, vol. i. 436;
resigns office, 439;
consulted by R. H., 475-477;
presents R. H.'s petition, 483;
defends publication of correspondence, 485;
moves for return on rural distribution, 486;
speeches in House of Commons, 489, vol. ii. 351, 397;
congratulates R. H. on his appointment, vol. ii. 225;
opinion of R. H. 388-390, 411;
heads deputation to Lord Palmerston, 395;
letters to R. H., vol. i. 369, 439, 475, vol. ii. 86;
letters from R. H., vol. i. 440, 542, vol. ii. 85

Barth, Mr., vol. ii. 179, 462

Bath, vol. ii. 108

Bates, Mr., vol. i. 294

Beasley, Mr. Michael, 57, 61, 62, 79, 134;
his "utility," 63

Beecher, Major, vol. ii. 360

Belgium, postal reform in, vol. ii. 94;
postal treaty, 252, 318

Belper, Lord, vol. ii. 66

Benevolent Society, vol. i. 109

Bentham, Jeremy, reads "Public Education," sends two Greeks to Hazelwood
and a contribution to the Magazine, vol. i. 171;
visits Bruce Castle, 172;
suggests "a sucker from Hazelwood School," 180;
his "greatest happiness" principle, 193;
concentration of responsibility, vol. ii. 405

Bentinck, Mr., the last of the assailants of Penny Postage, vol. ii. 350

Bentley, Dr., vol. ii. 235

Berlin, vol. ii. 340

Biot, M., vol. i. 499

Birmingham riots, vol. i. 2, 11, 33, 47;
Philosophical Institution, 12, 80;
Mercury newspaper, 17;
volunteers, 38;
gun-making, 38;
tokens, 40;
police, 42;
exhibitions, 75;
Hampden Club, 139;
New Hall Hill meeting;
legislatorial attorneys;
exclusive musical society, 149;
represented in Parliament, 150;
Sunday question, vol. ii. 109, 128;
brass trade, vol. ii. 272;
pneumatic tubes, 340;
raises a statue to R. H., 387, 389, 428

Blair, Dr., vol. i. 98

Blomfield, Bishop, vol. ii. 116

Board of Trade, vol. ii. 251, 281

Board of Works, vol. ii. 269

Bodkin, Sir W., vol. ii. 327

Bokenham, Mr., vol. i. 385, 400, vol. ii. 62, 120-141, 155, 180, 190,
260, 327, 330, 453

Bookbinding, vol. i. 54

Book post, a kind of, in France in 1839, vol. i. 376;
established in England, vol. ii. 65, 87, 382, 397;
Foreign and Colonial, 244, 311

Booth, Mr., vol. ii. 281

Booth the forger, vol. i. 40

Boulogne, vol. ii. 294

Bowring, Dr. (Sir John), vol. i. 174, 382

Bradley, the letter-carrier, vol. ii. 79

Brankston, Mr., vol. i. 308

Brebner, Mr., vol. ii. 171

Brewin, Mr., vol. i. 301, 305, 308

Brierley Hill, vol. i. 282

Bright, Mr. John, vol. i. 477

Brighton, vol. ii. 22, 269, 285

Brighton Railway. See Railways.

Brindley, vol. ii. 250

Bristol, vol. i. 307, vol. ii. 57

British Association, vol. ii. 244

Brooks, Mr., vol. ii. 91

Brougham, Lord, interested in Hazelwood, vol. i. 173;
intends to found a school on the Hazelwood Plan, 180;
R. H. prepares for him "Home Colonies," 202;
approves of Owen's plan, 210;
R. H. addresses to him a letter on pauper education, 218;
character described by R. H., 219;
interest in Penny Postage, 288, vol. ii. 225;
presents City petition in its favour, vol. i. 289;
conduct on R. H.'s dismissal, 467, 468, 473;
story of "I is the plaintiff," 492;
takes part in the Sunday question, vol. ii. 149, 159;
speech on R. H.'s retirement, 398

Brown, Mr. (Sir William), vol. i. 310, 317, 336, vol. ii. 198

Bruce Castle, vol. i. 181, 201, 204, 214

Bunsen, Chevalier, negotiates postal treaty, vol. ii. 208, 252;
at the Queen's drawing room, 245

Burdett, Sir Francis, vol. i. 180, 240

Burgoyne, Sir John, vol. i. 277

Burke, Edmund, vol. ii. 398, 431

Burns, Robert, vol. i. 19

Burritt, Mr. Elihu, vol. ii. 319

Butler, Samuel, vol. i. 2

C

Caermarthen, vol. ii. 190

Calcutta, vol. ii. 272, 293

Cambridge, University of, vol, i. 67

Campbell, Thomas, vol. i. 149

Campbell, Lord, vol. ii. 330

Canada, vol. ii. 244, 316

Canning, Earl, vol. ii. 242, 275, 358;
pillar letter-box at Allahabad, vol. i. 417;
postage rate during Crimean War, 436;
Postmaster-General, vol. ii. 213;
question of R. H.'s promotion, 215-225;
railway legislation, 229;
Packet Service Commission, 238-240, 370;
promotion by merit, 249, 301;
his character, 263, 353-355;
appointed Governor-General of India, 353;
article on him in the "Edinburgh Review," 354;
letters to R. H., 218, 224;
R. H.'s letters to him, 215, 217, 225, 460, 478

Canning, Lady, vol. ii. 222

Canterbury, vol. i. 136, 218

Cape of Good Hope, vol. ii. 289

Cardwell, Mr. (Viscount Cardwell), vol. ii. 228

Carlyle, Mr. vol. i. xiv., vol. ii. 411

Cartwright, Major, vol. i. 150

Caxton Exhibition, vol. i. 229

Census, First, vol. ii. 260

Chadwick, Mr. Edwin, vol. i. 210, vol. ii. 336

Channel Islands, vol. ii. 259

Chantrey, Sir Francis, vol. i. 145

Charter House, vol. i. 101

Chartists, vol. ii. 84

Chester, vol. i. 140

Chetwynd, Mr., vol. ii. 333

Christmas-boxes, vol. ii. 325, 328.

Circular Delivery Company, vol. ii. 405

Circumlocution Office, vol. ii. 48

Cirencester, vol. i. 301

Civil Service Commission. See Commission

Civil Service Examinations. See Competitive Examinations

_Civil Service Gazette_, vol. ii. 322-324

Clanricarde, Marquis of, vol. ii. 51, 56, 57, 59, 66, 70, 72, 78, 90, 92,
97, 98, 108, 109, 111, 113, 120-129, 131-136, 138, 139, 141, 145,
147, 149, 150, 157, 158, 160, 173, 174, 176, 181-187, 194, 203,
204, 209, 213, 214,
218, 241, 259, 358;
appointed Postmaster-General, vol. ii. 38;
appointment of R. H. as his secretary, 39, 40, 45, 46;
abused by mail-cart driver, 47;
not afraid of a novel course of action, 55;
appealed to by R. H., 49, 54, 55, 58, 60, 64, 72-75, 96, 99, 100-106,
162-164, 168, 170, 175, 193, 196;
confidence in R. H., 59, 99, 165, 174, 195, 199, 200, 201, 216, 222;
ceases to be Postmaster-General, 200;
letters to R. H., 102, 445;
letters from R. H., 437, 443, 453;
speech on R. H.'s retirement, 398

Clark, Dr., vol. i. 401

Clark, Mr. Francis, vol. i. 278

Clark, Mrs. Francis (Caroline Hill), marriage, vol. i. 47;
her fine character, 195;
departure for Australia, vol. ii. 143;
R. H.'s letter to her, 335

Clark, Mr. Thomas, vol. i. 47

Clayton Tunnel, vol. ii. 22

Clerk, Sir George, Bart., vol. i. 444, 445, 447, 454, 465, 485;
announces in Parliament R. H.'s dismissal, 467;
Chairman of Committee of Inquiry, 492;
R. H.'s letter to him, 493

Clerks, Post Office, classification of, vol. ii. 179, 184, 249, 308;
improved condition of, 179, 190, 257, 308, 345, 381;
clerks in charge, 180

Clowes, Mr. W., vol. i. 230

Coach Company, project for, vol. i. 205, 520

Cobbett & Co., vol. i. 21

Cobden, Mr., offers to assist in publishing R. H.'s pamphlet, vol. i. 276;
examined before Parliamentary Committee, 301, 307, 324;
consulted by R. H., vol. ii. 73, 166, 170, 197;
letters to R. H., vol. i. 382, 477, 478, vol. ii. 31, 194, 198;
congratulates R. H. on his appointment, 225

Colbourn, Zerah, vol. i. 92, 512

Colby, General, vol. i. 268, 319, 332

Colchester, Lord, vol. ii. 291, 316, 324, 334, 344;
"an excellent Postmaster-General," 344;
his character, 356, 358

Cole, Mr. (Sir Henry Cole, K.C.B.), vol. i. 210, 374, 426, 436;
his ingenuity, 295;
editor of _Post Circular_, 339;
his valuable services, 447

Coleridge, S. T., his Pantisocracy, vol. i. 213;
paid poor woman's postage, 239

College, R. H.'s plan for establishing a great one, vol. i. 87, 104

Colonial Postage, vol. ii. 241-245, 310, 316, 317, 371

Commission, South Australian, vol. i. 220

Commission of Revenue Inquiry, vol. i. 246, 258, 315, 527

Commission of Post Office Inquiry, vol. i. 259, 268-274, vol. ii. 60

Commission of Post Office Inquiry in the East Indies, vol. ii. 245, 317

Commission for Regulating Salaries, vol. ii. 89, 184, 221;
its report, 246-249, 301

Commission on Sunday Labour, vol, ii. 160

Commission, Lord Canning's (Packet Service), vol. ii. 238, 370, 402

Commission on Railways, Royal, vol. ii. 69, 283, 416, 491

Committee, School, vol. i. 108, 116

Committee, Mercantile, vol. i. 294, 353, 462, 474, 484, vol. ii. 29

Committee of Enquiry, Select (1843), vol. i. 489, vol. ii. 1, 50

Committee on Postage, Select (1837-8), vol. i. 287, 295

Committee on Railway and Canal Bills (1853), vol. ii. 228

Common Council of London, vol. i. 280, 289, vol. ii. 428

Competitive Examinations--their evils, vol. ii. 249, 300, 303

Compton, Mr., vol. i. 4

Conference of Teachers, vol. i. 114

Congresbury, vol. i. 306

Constitution, Origin of the, vol. i. 115

Contract Work, economy of plan of, vol. ii. 286-288, 403

Conway, vol. i. 297

Coode, Mr., vol. i. 209, 210

Cooke, Mr. T. B., vol. ii. 311

Cornwall, Mr., vol. ii. 48, 211

Corporal Punishment, vol. i. 112

Cotton, Sir R., vol. ii. 312

Court Dress, vol. ii. 207

Court of Justice, School, vol. i. 107, 109, 110

Covent Garden Theatre--its loyal audience, vol. i. 143

Cowan, Mr., vol. ii. 113

Cowper, Professor, vol. i. 224, 524

Cowper, Mr. E. A., vol. ii. 337-339, 489

Creswick, Mr., vol. i. 118

Crimean War--proposed increase of postal rate, vol. i. 435;
soldiers' letters and remittances, vol. ii. 310, 316

Croker, Mr. J. W., vol. i. 377

Cube Roots, vol. i. 92, 512

Cubitt, Sir William, vol. ii. 236, 237

Cunard, Sir Edward, vol. ii. 186, 371

Cupar-Fife, vol. i. 442

Currency, vol. i. 40

Currie, Mr. Raikes, vol. i. 268, 325, 327, vol. ii. 216, 225, 461

D

_Daily News_, vol, ii. 241

Dalhousie, Earl of, vol. ii. 188

Davidson, Mr., Vol. i. 309

De Foe, vol. ii. 424

De La Rue, Dr. Warren, vol. i. 419, 501, 508

De Lys, Dr., vol. i. 499

De Morgan, Professor, vol. ii. 88

De Quincey, Thomas, interested in Hazelwood, vol. i. 173;
reviews "Public Education," 174, 178

Denman, Mr. (Lord Denman), vol. i. 150

Deal, vol. i. 276

Derby, Earl of, vol. ii. 200, 203, 206, 228, 241

Derbyshire, R. H.'s Tour in, vol. i. 137

Devonport, vol. ii. 289, 314

Dickens', Charles, reply to the "Edinburgh Review," vol. ii. 48;
article on the Post Office, 192;
article on the Money Order Office, 253

Dickinson, Mr., vol. i. 316

Diet, Experiments in, vol. i. 143, 147

Dilke, Sir C., vol. i. 210

Dilke, Sir C., vol. ii. 272, 375

Dillon, Mr. John, vol. i. 300, 313

Disraeli, Mr. (Earl of Beaconsfield), vol. ii. 174

Dockwra, Mr., vol. ii. 9

Donovan, Mr., vol. i. 401

Dover--Castle, vol. i. 133;
proposed tubular conveyance to, vol. ii. 338

Drawing, R. H.'s prize for, vol. i. 74

Drouet, Mr., vol. ii. 252

Dublin in 1821, vol. i. 160;
postal service, vol. ii. 258, 274, 337, 340

Dubost, Mr., vol. ii. 93

Dudley, vol. i. 282

Duncan, Viscount, vol. ii. 108

Duncannon, Lord (Earl of Bessborough), vol. i. 268, 272, 289, 290,
357, 360

Duncombe, Mr. Thomas, vol. ii. 28, 38

Dundee, vol. ii. 269

Dunlop, Mr., vol. i. 308

E

Early Rising, vol. I. 143

East Indies, vol. i. 303. See also India

Easthope, Sir John, vol. ii. 120

Ebrington, Lord (Earl Fortescue), vol. ii. 336

Edgeworth, Mr. Lovell, vol. i. 160, 162-167

Edgeworth, Miss, R, H.'s debt to her, vol. i. 50, 164, 421, 502;
introduction to her, 163;
reads "Public Education," speaks of her father, 165;
letter to R. H., 421;
scientific errors, 502

Edgeworth-Town assisting school, vol i. 160, 162-167.

Edinburgh, vol. ii. 258, 302; cost of
conveying a letter to, vol. i. 249, 280, 339;
Sunday agitation, vol. ii. 149;
Mails, 273, 337;
volunteer corps, 334

"Edinburgh Review," vol. i. 68;
reviews "Public Education," 121, 174, 178;
article on Penny Postage, 378, 390;
article on "Little Dorrit" and the "Circumlocution Office," vol. ii. 48;
article on Lord Canning, 354

Eldon, Earl of, vol. i. 212, 240, vol. ii. 35

Electrical Machine, vol. i. 55, 81

Electricity, lectures on, vol. i. 55, 80, 134

Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of, vol. ii. 308;
"an excellent Postmaster-General," 344;
his account of Lord Canning, 354;
his character, 357, 358;
letter to R. H., 359;
resignation, 361

Elgin, vol. i. 288

Ellenborough, Lord, vol. ii. 35

Emery, Mr., vol. i. 306

Emigrant ships, vol. i. 221

Empson, Professor, vol. i. 268

Enclosures, charge by, vol. i. 238, 282, 295

Envelopes, vol. 1. 393, 418, 419

Estcott, Mr., vol. ii. 8

Esquires in low life, vol. ii. 81

Estlin, Mr., vol. ii. 29

Euclid, vol. i. 11, 60

Eversley, Viscount, vol. ii. 91

Excursion trains, vol. ii. 21

"Exhibitions," School, vol. i. 91, 93, 113, 127, 170

Exhibition, Great (1851), vol. i. 26; vol. ii. 259

Express trains, vol. ii. 21

F

"Facts and Estimates," vol. i. 347, 534

Fagan, Mr., vol. ii. 154

Family council, vol. i. 191, 192, 262

Family fund, vol. i. 188-190

Faraday, Professor, vol. i. 3, 402

Female labour, vol. ii. 403

Ferguson, James, vol. i. 12

Fielding, Henry, vol, i. 3

Fights regulated, vol. i. 118

Fire at Hazelwood, vol. i. 95, 151;
origin of, 158; question of insurance, 158

Fire, precautions against, at Post Office, vol. ii. 268

Fitzgerald, Lord, vol. i. 460

Flood, walk through a, vol. i. 138

Forge, model of a, vol. i. 45

Forger, a, vol. i. 40

Forster, Mr. John, vol. i. 230, 525

Forster, Mr. Matthew, a steady friend, vol. ii. 149, 388, 394;
on the Sunday question, 157, 158;
Mr. Parkes's letter to him, 388

Foster, John, the essayist, vol. i. 141

Fourdrinier, vol. i. 224

France, revolution of 1789, vol. i. 19; peace with, 38, 134;
Mrs. Hill's uneasiness at being so near to its coast, 133;
postal revenue, 245;
reduction of postage in, 341, vol. ii. 93, 188, 252;
Post Office inspected by R. H. vol. i. 376;
early use of post-paid envelopes in, 377;
pillar letter-boxes, 417, vol. ii. 259;
treaty with, vol. i. 410, vol. ii. 6, 183, 214, 317;
assistance during Indian Mutiny, vol. ii. 293;
gratuitous conveyance of a mail, 350;
reduction in postage to France, 311;
proposed use of tubular conveyance for mail, 338;
universal delivery, 406

Frankland, Sir F., vol. ii. 312

Franklin, Benjamin, vol. i. 8, 12

Franks (Post Office) on newspapers, vol. i. 240;
abuses of, 240, 322, vol. ii. 350;
number of, vol. i. 321;
"Worth to some Mercantile Houses," 355;
abolished, 385, 388;
official franking, 355, 388, vol. ii. 351, 471;
revived, vol ii. 351

Freshwater Bay, vol. i. 146

Frölich, Count, vol. i. 173

Frome, General, vol. i. 221

G

Gaisford, Dean, vol. i. 17

Galt, Mr., vol. ii. 283

Galton, Mr. Tertius, vol. i. 499

Galton, Captain, vol. ii. 236, 251

Galway line of mail-packets, vol. ii. 183

Gardiner, Mr., vol. 1. 375

Garibaldi, vol. ii. 417

Garrick trained in careful habits, vol. i. 34;
his house in the Adelphi, 223

Gas, streets lighted by, vol. 1. 42, 160

Germany, vol. i. 253, vol. ii. 252, 259, 318, 484

Gibbon, Edward, "the tyranny of lawyers," vol. i. 9;
"independence, that first earthly blessing," 67;
"a man designed to think as he pleased, &c.," 213;
his early training, 217

Gibson, Mr. Milner, vol. ii. 198

Gilchrist, Dr., vol. i. 174

Gladstone, Mr., budget of, 1854, vol. i. 436;
budget of 1853, vol. ii. 214;
R. H.'s promotion, 215-225;
Government railway loans, 279, 280;
Savings Banks, letter to Mr. Sikes, 332;
newspaper postage, 345-347;
foreign and colonial postage, 372;
support to R. H. and confidence in him, 362, 376, 377, 379;
R. H.'s resignation, 378;
R. H.'s high regard for him, 379;
pension and parliamentary grant to R. H., 388-391, 399;
treasury minute, 391, 411;
R. H.'s letters to him, 384, 393, 399;
his letters to R. H. 362, 400;
description of R. H.'s services and plan, 411, 419.

Glasgow "family boxes," vol. i. 302;
testimonial to R. H., 442;
R. H.'s visit, vol. ii. 148;
Bridewell, 171;
mails, 273, 337;
library, 308;
pneumatic tubes, 340

_Globe_, The, vol. ii. 120

Godby, Mr., vol. ii. 191, 194

Gordon, Mr., vol. i. 395, 416

Gouger, Mr., vol. i. 216

Goulburn, Mr., vol. i. 350, 439, 446, 455, vol. ii. 5, 14, 33, 358;
motion against Penny Postage, vol. i. 351;
"talks nonsense," 436, 490;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 441, 443;
suspends Mr. Baring's minute, 452;
appealed to by R. H., 454, 456-459, 463-465;
does not answer R. H.'s letters, 465;
dismisses R. H., 466-471;
publishes garbled correspondence, 482;
condemns R. H. for publishing the whole correspondence, 485;
excuses his own conduct, 488;
answered by Mr. Baring, 489

Gould, Mr., vol. ii. 268

"Grace Dogger" packet, vol. ii. 312

Graham, Sir James, vol i. 473;
has Mazzini's letters opened ("Grahamizing"), vol. ii. 28;
packet-service account, 238

Granville, first Earl, vol. i. 410;
second Earl, his speech on the parliamentary grant to R. H., vol. ii.
398, 399;
present at his funeral, 431

Grasset, Mr., vol. ii. 93

Graves, Mr., vol. ii. 347

Gravesend, vol. i. 282

Gray, Dr., vol. ii. 29

Greeks at Hazelwood, vol. i. 171, 172

Green, Mr. J. R., vol. ii. 356

Greenock, vol. i. 260, 527, vol. ii. 148

Gregory, Mr., Evidence before Railway Commission, vol. ii. 283;
report on tubular conveyance, 337-339, 489

Grenfell, Mr. P., vol. ii. 17

Grey, Earl, vol. ii. 244

Grote, George, interest in Hazelwood School, vol. i. 172, 173;
a supporter of penny postage, 263, 279

Guarantee, mutual, vol. ii. 307

Guards, mail, vol. i. 161, 453, vol. ii. 89, 257

Guest, Dr., vol. i., 12, 55

Gunboat, French, vol. i. 38

Gunpowder, vol. i. 242

H

Habeas Corpus Act suspended, vol. i. 22, 139;
damned in ignorance, 144

Hagley, vol. i. 62, 97, 134

Hall, Captain Basil, vol. i. 173;
Describes Hazelwood in "Edinburgh Review," 122;
letter to R. H., suggests gummed envelopes, 418

Hampden, John, vol. i. 1

Hampden Club, vol. i. 139

Hamburg, treaty with, vol. i. 382

Hardinge, Viscount, vol. ii. 222

Hardwicke, Earl of, vol. ii. 213, 228, 229, 238, 358;
Postmaster-General, vol. ii. 203;
a disciplinarian, 204, 207;
"two kings in Brentford," 205, 209;
"intends to be Postmaster-General," 206;
dinner party, 207;
peculiar spelling, 210;
patronage, 211;
dislike of "Hill's book-post," 245

Hare, Mr. Thomas, vol. i., 24, 223

Harmony, New, vol. i. 206

Harness, Colonel, vol. i. 452

Harrowby, Earl of, vol. ii. 149

Hatchard, Mr., vol. ii. 190

Hawes, Mr. (Sir Benjamin), vol. i. 483;
interest in Penny Postage, 288;
a member of the Ministry of 1846, vol. ii. 37;
induces R. H. to accept appointment, 41, 216, 461;
R. H.'s letter to, 43, 166, 437

Hayter, Mr. (Sir William), secretary to the Treasury--R. H. and he "get
on swimmingly," vol. ii. 114;
the Sunday question, 114, 117, 118, 121, 154;
learns from R. H. the abuses as to promotion, 184;
forgets his own regulations--R. H.'s letter to him, 299;
Post Office Mutual Insurance, 305

Hazelwood. See School.

Head, Sir Francis, vol. ii. 192

Health of Post Office staff, vol. ii. 302

Henderson, Dr., vol. ii. 29

Hennessy, Mr., vol. ii. 398

Henslow, Professor, vol. ii. 145

Henson, Mr. G., vol. i. 305, 308, 309

_Herald, Morning_, vol. i. 483, vol. ii. 115, 120, 123, 160

Hermit's Cave, vol. i. 169

Herries, Mr., vol. i. 435

Herries, Sir W., vol. ii. 218, 222-224

Herschel, Sir William, vol. i. 58, 497

Highgate, vol. i. 282

Hill, James, "a substantial freeholder," vol. i. 2

Hill, John, tract on "A Penny Post" (1659), vol. ii. 29

Hill, John, a volunteer against the young Pretender, vol. i. 3, 6

Hill, Mr. Alfred; writes an historical sketch of the Post Office, vol.
ii. 310

Hill, Mr. Arthur; a young trader, vol. i. 50;
a young actor and author, 77;
injures his eyesight, 127;
visits the Edgeworths, 160;
his brother's successor in the school, 203;
the Arthur Hill lifeboat, 203;
constant aid to his brother, preface, 234, 292, 487, vol. ii. 99, 111,
116;
his eighty-first birthday, 430

Hill, Mr. Edwin; a night alarm, vol. i. 37;
makes a model forge, 45;
at the assay office, 55;
his courage, 154;
family arbitrator, 187;
a partner in the school, 187;
joins Sir J. Lefevre's society, 210;
helps in the printing machine, 225;
superintendent of stamp machinery, 392, 405;
invents envelope-folding machine, 419;
attestations to his services, 539;
consulted by his brother, vol. ii. 99

Hill, Mr. Frederic, vol. i. 169, 263, vol. ii. 213;
in his boyhood fond of calculating, vol. i. 128;
his great services as an inspector of prisons, 215, and vol. ii. 171;
consulted by his brother, vol. ii. 99;
consults Mr. Cobden, 166;
appointed assistant-secretary to the Post Office, 176, 196;
reforms the system of mail packet contracts, 240, 369-373;
adjusts the salaries of the rural postmasters, 245;
his views on patronage and promotion, 246;
manages the Money Order Department, 253, 463;
his measure for early deliveries, 258;
aids his brother in the more difficult part of his duties, 265;
his able and zealous assistance, 266;
originates the annual reports, 267;
remodels the central office, 268;
his evidence before the Royal Commission on Railways, 283;
introduces contract work, 286;
a supporter of promotion by merit, 301;
draws up a plan for life insurance, 305;
tries to introduce the contract system into the savings banks, 364;
his reward for faithful services, 374;
wishes to employ female labour in the office, 403

Hill, Mr. Howard, his untimely death, vol. i. 8, 14, 195, 203;
his fine character, 196

Hill, Mr. Matthew Davenport, vol. ii. 91, 465;
life of him by his daughters, vol. i. preface xiv.;
describes his father, vol. i. 9, 19, and his mother, 30;
account of the Birmingham riots, 33;
a night alarm, 37;
a young trader, 49;
reforms his father's school, 63, 87, 88;
gives lessons at another school, 64, 65;
advice on a point of law, 86;
goes to the bar, 87, 126;
drills boys for "exhibition day," 91;
writes "Public Education," 103;
discussions with his brother, 105, 106;
lectures on electricity, 134;
defends Major Cartwright, 150;
M.P. for Hull, 220, 240;
introduces his brother to Mr. Parker, 243;
talk with Lord King, 362;
letter on Mr. Baring's offer, 366, vol. ii. 456;
article in "Edinburgh Review," vol. i. 378, 390;
assists his brother on his dismissal, 467, 469, 473, 477
--and in the Sunday agitation, vol. ii. 116, 118;
letter on his brother's illness, 361;
his brother's letters to him, vol. i. 175, 179, 185, 191, 220, vol.
ii. 417;
letters to his brother, vol. i. 176, 367, vol. ii. 417

Hill, Mr. Pearson, vol. ii. 176, 194, 417, 424;
his account of his father's printing press, vol i. 226;
appointment in the Post Office, vol. ii. 191;
improves the mail-bag apparatus, 237;
invents a stamping machine, 331;
his plan for the delivery of circulars, 405, 490;
his marriage, 426

Hill, Sir Rowland; birth, vol. i. 1, 34;
ancestors, 1-7;
parents, 8-33;
combines the strong qualities of each parent, 31;
early life at Horsehills, 35-46;
intimacy with the Pearson family, 42;
feeble health, 44;
makes a water-wheel, 44;
a model forge, 45;
removes to Birmingham, 47;
attends his father's school, 48;
a young trader, 49;
buys Miss Edgeworth's "Parent's Assistant," 50;
ambition, 50, 67, 87, 203;
builds a boat, 51;
helps in household work, 51;
feeling of responsibility, 51, 52, 76, 129;
shares in his mother's troubles, 52;
works a ruling-machine, 53;
turns bookbinder, 54;
assists in teaching, 54;
works at the assay office, 55;
makes an electrical machine, 55;
love of astronomy, 57-59;
habit of criticism, 58, 499;
studies mathematics, 60;
--navigation--architecture--would have puzzled an examiner, 61;
learns his deficiencies, 62, 65;
teaches at a neighbouring school, 65;
forms literary and scientific societies, 68-72;
studies French, 73, 74;
wins a prize for drawing, 74;
becomes a theatrical manager, 77;
begins a school atlas, 79;
makes a planisphere, 82;
a water-alarum, 83;
learns surveying, 85;
makes a map of the scene of a murder, 86;
scheme of a large college, 87, 104, 179, 180;
reforms his father's school, 88;
establishes punctuality, 89;
enforces penalties incurred, 90;
keeps the accounts and pays off his father's debts, 90;
corrects Shakespeare, 91;
rivals Zerah Colbourn, 92;
makes a trigonometrical survey, 94;
his audacity as a school-reformer, 102;
his plans always worked, 103;
helps in writing "Public Education," 103;
his faith in his system shaken in old age, 104;
over-worked, 105;
describes his system, 107-122;
a stern schoolmaster, 124;
plan for controlling his temper; his courage, 125;
becomes his father's partner, 128, 186;
plans Hazelwood School;
is his own architect, 128;
and clerk of the works, 129;
love of long walks, 131;
sees a criminal trial, 132; love of feats, 133;
sketches Dover Castle, 133;
lectures on electricity, 134;
sees a steamboat, 135;
becomes sub-secretary to Deaf and Dumb Institution, 136;
visits Derbyshire, 137;
describes a Hampden club, 139;
visits Liverpool, 140;
his need of trips, 141;
describes his parents, 142;
early rising;
sees John Kemble, 143;
hears a debate, 144;
sketches Netley Abbey, 145;
sees Stonehenge, 146;
experiments on diet, 147;
attends the New Hall Hill meeting, 149;
describes the fire at Hazelwood, 151;
saves a woman from burning, 152;
discusses the question of fire insurance, 158;
visits Edgeworth-town, 160;
climbs down to the Hermit's Cave, 168;
publishes "Public Education," 170;
thinks the celebrity of Hazelwood excessive, 174;
over-worked, 175-177;
trip to Scotland, 175;
Paris, 176;
his fortitude, 177;
intends to open a school near London, 180;
Bruce Castle, 181;
his marriage, 182;
helps his brothers, and is helped by them, 184, 191;
holds property in common, 186;
articles of partnership, 187;
family fund, 188;
family council, 191;
trained to reason, 194;
his early friends, 198;
his youthful judgments, 199;
gets rid of prejudices, 200;
one of the founders of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge, 201;
the "Vernier pendulum," 201;
health again breaks down, 202;
writes "Home Colonies," 202;
gives up school-keeping;
confidence in himself, 203;
forms various schemes, 205;
visits Robert Owen, 206;
scheme for a social community, 207-214;
Sir J. Shaw-Lefevre and he form a small society, 209;
his friendship with Mr. Roebuck, 214;
few careers open to him, 215;
tour in France;
describes his own character, 216;
joins the South Australian Association, 217;
works at abolishing the stamp duty on newspapers, 217;
his "Letter on Pauper Education," 218;
becomes secretary to the South Australian Commission, 220;
turns his mind towards postal reform, 223, 229;
invents a printing-machine, 224;
offered a partnership by Mr. Clowes, 230;
corrects error of Miss Martineau's, 239;
devises a travelling post office, 241;
examines the effects of reduction of taxation, 243;
analyses postal accounts, 246; ascertains
cost of conveying a letter, 248;
the conclusions at which he arrives, 256;
writes "Post Office Reform," 262;
lays it before Government, 263, 266;
publishes it, 267, 276;
examined before "Commission of Post Office Enquiry," 268;
proposes use of stamps, 270;
appeals to the public, 275;
present at a meeting of the Common Council, 280;
his caution in statement, 286;
parliamentary
committee granted, 287;
writes "Letters to Lord Lichfield;" mode of composition, 292;
examined before parliamentary committee, 295, 316, 325;
regards low postage as no tax, 311;
assists in preparing committee's report, 331;
examines rival claims to the authorship of Penny Postage, 332;
learns that Penny Postage is to be granted, 343;
writes "On the Collection of Postage by Means of Stamps," 345;
"Facts and Estimates," 347;
present at the division, 352;
letter to the Duke of Wellington, 354;
in the "kitchen" of the House of Commons, 356;
interview with Lord Melbourne, 357;
present in House of Lords, 360;
described by Miss Martineau, 361;
testimonials, 363, 442;
offered appointment in Treasury, 365;
consults Mr. M. D. Hill thereon, 366;
accepts appointment, 369;
first visit to the Post Office, 371;
hours of work, 374;
inspects the French Post Office, 376;
prepares for introduction of penny postage, 380;
visits Mr. Baring, 385;
learns who "My Lords" are, 386;
first day of penny postage, 390;
difficulties with the Stamp Office, 397;
obliteration of stamps, 399;
resists needless expenditure, 411;
proposes to set up pillar-boxes, 417;
wins Mr. Baring's confidence, 422;
detects errors in accounts, 429;
meets with constant opposition at the Post Office; over-worked, 431;
plan of rural distribution, 433, 451;
sets a high value on statistics, 434;
consulted about a twopenny rate, 435;
applies for office of secretary to the Post Office, 437;
alarmed by the change of ministry, 439;
under Mr. Goulburn, 443;
thwarted in his work, 444-447;
investigates railway charges, 452;
Lord Lowther's hostility, 459;
dismissal impending, 462;
his mother's death, 465;
notice of dismissal, 466;
correspondence with Sir Robert Peel, 469;
question of publishing correspondence with Treasury, 473;
offer of help from "the men of the League," 477;
cuts down personal expenditure, 480;
interview with Mr. Stephen, 481;
official publication of garbled correspondence, 482;
petitions Parliament, 483;
publishes all the correspondence, 484;
select committee moved for, 487;
committee granted, 492;
letter to Sir G. Clerk, 493;
publishes "State and Prospects of Penny Postage," vol. ii. 1, 14;
examined before the committee, 1-10;
director and then chairman of the Brighton Railway Company, 16;
resigns, 23;
offered appointment on the South-Western Railway, 24;
receives the national testimonial, 29;
takes the longest holiday he had ever known, 38;
offered appointment as secretary to the Postmaster-General, 39;
letter to Mr. Hawes, 43;
accepts the appointment, 45;
enters upon office, 47;
encounters obstructions, 49;
snowed-up, 52;
speech at Liverpool, 53;
undertakes Money Order Department, 56;
visits Bristol, 57;
assists at the Treasury, 59;
vexations tell upon his health, 60;
encounters unpopularity in the office, 63;
proposes a book post;
also a system of promotion, 65;
proposes railway legislation, 66;
reforms Money Order Office, 70, 178;
resists an offensive minute, 73;
a special constable, 84;
establishes book post, 87;
claims promotion, 95-106;
reduces Sunday labour, 108;
his measure for transmission of "forward letters," 110;
receives deputation from Lord's Day Society, 113;
attacked by Sabbatarians; treachery in the Post Office, 115;
objects to the use of compulsion, 120;
slandered by Lord's Day Society, 129;
complete success of his measure, 135;
device for railway sorting, 137;
establishes meeting of surveyors, 140;
reports on demand for total abolition of Sunday labour, 145;
visits Glasgow and Greenock, 148;
defended by the _Times_, 151;
Lord Ashley's motion, 155;
health again failing, 163;
claims promotion, 164;
consults Mr. Cobden and Mr. Hume, 166;
interview with Sir C. Wood, 169;
asks for appointment of Mr. F. Hill as assistant-secretary, 170;
his father's death, 176;
his limited staff of clerks, 177;
proposes a commission for revising salaries, 184;
manages the Railway Department, 193;
seeks Mr. Cobden's aid; visits towns in West Riding, 194;
claims promotion, 196;
consults his friends in Parliament, 198;
"a mysterious allusion in Mr. Cobden's letter," 199;
Lord Hardwicke Postmaster-General, 203;
Court-dress, 207;
discussion with Lord Hardwicke, 209;
does not expose his lordship's spelling, 210;
Tory ministry thrown out, 211;
Lord Canning Postmaster-General, 213;
letter to Lord Canning, 215;
promotion or resignation, 217;
dangerous state of health, 219;
meets Mr. Gladstone, 222;
sole secretary, 224;
proposes railway legislation, 227;
accelerates northern mails, 231;
replies to attacks, 235;
his minute on the true revenue of the Post Office, 238;
reduces Colonial postage, 241;
his evidence before the Commission for Revising Salaries, 246;
upholds promotion by merit;
dislikes competitive examinations, 249;
purchase of telegraphs, 251;
accelerates deliveries in London district, 258, 272;
arranges secretarial duties, 264;
establishes conference of secretary and assistant-secretaries, 265;
gives more power to the heads of departments, 266;
opposes the Board of Works, 269;
divides London into districts, 270;
accelerates mails, 273;
need of railway legislation, 276;
proposes Government loans to railway companies, 278;
a member of the Royal Commission on Railways, 283;
in favour of contract work, 286;
opposed to Panama route, 290;
doubles the mail to India, 292;
arranges scale of salaries, 296;
upholds promotion by merit, 298;
supports a system of life insurance in the office, 304;
lectures on the eclipse of 1858, 308;
encounters discontent in the office, 321;
threatened with assassination, 327;
approves of Mr. Sikes's scheme of savings banks, 332;
and of the volunteer corps, 334;
attempts compulsory prepayment, 335;
has for the first time to retrace a step, 336;
his plan of tubular conveyance, 336;
describes the lost labour of inventors, 339;
controversy with Mr. R. Stephenson, 341;
opposes the newspaper proprietors, 342;
attacked by the _Times_, 344;
his plan for the delivery of newspapers, 347;
condemns official franking, 351;
his account of the Postmasters-General from 1853-60, 353;
his difficulty of composition, 355;
his work limited to four days a week, 358;
F.R.S., K.C.B., 359;
peace in the office; dangerous illness, 360;
has not the confidence of Lord Stanley of Alderley, 361;
receives Mr. Gladstone's support, 362;
censures the management of the Post Office Savings Banks, 365;
wishes to establish parcels post, 368;
reforms the packet service, 369;
upholds promotion by merit;
appeals to the Treasury, 376;
interviews with Lord Palmerston, 377;
resigns, 379;
his character described by Sir F. Baring, 388;
receives copy of Treasury Minute, 390;
asserts his claim to the sole authorship of Penny Postage, 393;
receives a grant from Parliament, 399;
made D.C.L., receives presents from Liverpool and Longton, and the
Albert Gold Medal, 400;
looks upon himself as happy among reformers;
considers future postal reforms, 401;
his character, 411-415;
attends the Political Economy Club, 416;
meets Garibaldi, 417;
grieved by the state of the Post Office, 418;
describes the state of his health, 419;
suffers from the Metropolitan Asylums Board, 421;
regularity of his household, 422;
resources of his old age, 423;
thoughtfulness for others, 424;
death thins his family, 425;
his son's marriage, 426;
not forgotten of men, 427;
receives the freedom of the City, 428;
death, 429;
Westminster Abbey, 430

Hill, Sir Rowland: letters to Sir G. B. Airy, vol. i. 506;
Duke of Argyll, vol. ii. 280, 330;
Mr. E. Baines, vol. ii. 332;
Sir F. Baring, vol. i. 440, 542, vol. ii. 85;
a brother, vol. i. 206, 211;
Lord Canning, vol. ii. 225, 460, 478;
Mrs. F. Clark, vol. ii. 335;
Lord Clanricarde, vol. ii. 437, 443, 453;
Sir G. Clerk (a draft letter) vol. i. 493;
Council of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. i. 515;
Mr. Gladstone, vol. ii. 384, 393, 399;
Mr. Goulburn, vol. i. 464;
Sir B. Hawes, vol. ii. 43;
Sir W. Hayter, vol. ii. 299;
Lady Hill, vol. i, 201, 230;
Mr. M. D. Hill, vol. i. 175, 179, 185, 191, 220, vol. ii. 417;
"Journal of the Society of Arts," vol. i. 525;
Lords of the Treasury, vol. ii. 379, 492;
Colonel Maberly, vol. i. 445;
Sir R. Peel, vol. i. 471;
Mr. Schuster, vol. ii. 285;
Lord Stanley of Alderley, vol. ii. 385;
Admiral Smyth, vol. i. 500;
Mr. Warburton, vol. ii. 457;
Duke of Wellington, vol. i. 354;
Sir C. Wood, vol. ii. 168

Letters to him from Sir G. B. Airy, vol. i. 507, 509;
Duke of Argyll, vol. ii. 356;
Lord Ashburton, vol. i. 362;
Sir F. Baring, vol. i. 369, 439, 475, vol. ii. 86;
a brother, vol. i. 184;
Lord Canning, vol. ii. 218;
Lord Clanricarde, vol. ii. 40, 102, 445;
Mr. Cobden, vol. i. 382, 477, 478, vol. ii. 31, 194, 198;
Miss Edgeworth, vol. i. 421;
Lord Elgin, vol. ii. 359;
Mr. Gladstone, vol. ii. 362, 400;
Mr. Goulburn, vol. i. 466;
Captain Basil Hall, vol. i. 418;
Lord Hardwicke, vol. ii. 207;
Mr. T. W. Hill, vol. i. 173, 185, 213;
Mr. M. D. Hill, vol. i. 176, 366, vol. ii. 417;
Thomas Hood, vol. i. 479;
Mr. Hume, vol. ii. 170;
Miss Martineau, vol ii. 14;
Mr. Moffatt, vol. i. 467;
Sir R. Peel, vol. i. 469;
Sir A. G. Spearman, vol. i. 228;
Rev. Sydney Smith, vol. ii. 14;
Lord Stanley of Alderley, vol. ii. 384;
a sub-sorter, vol. ii. 455;
Colonel Torrens, vol. i. 223;
Sir C. E. Trevelyan, vol. ii. 301;
Mr. Warburton, vol. i. 343, 344, vol. ii. 38

Hill, Lady, childhood, vol. i. 43;
marriage, 182;
devotion to her husband, 183;
hears from her husband about his Vernier pendulum, 201, and his
printing press, 230;
congratulated by Mr. Wallace, 360;
conversation with Sir F. Baring, 441;
assists her husband in reducing his expenditure, 480;
her twenty-second wedding-day, vol. ii. 115;
her husband's amanuensis, 327;
proposed pension to her, 390;
address to the Queen, 394;
meets Garibaldi, 417;
her husband's death, 429

Hill, Thomas Wright (Rowland Hill's father), hurt in the Birmingham
riots, vol. i. 2, 34;
unusual character, 7;
relish of life, 8, 25;
wish to be a lawyer, 9;
knowledge of the Bible, 10;
an astronomer, 11, 57, 498;
under Priestley, 11;
lectures on natural philosophy, 12, 55;
on the formation of letter-sounds, 12;
short-hand, 13;
matchless benevolence, 13;
character as a schoolmaster, 14-19, 62;
a mathematician, 15, vol. ii. 177;
love of theories, vol. i. 18;
admirable as a father, 19, 55, 59;
a staunch Liberal, 19;
a student of Adam Smith, 23;
scheme for representing minorities, 24, 69;
imperfect side, 24;
death, 25, vol. ii. 176;
marriage, vol. i. 32;
children, 34;
opens a school, 47;
money difficulties, 52, 90;
buys a horse, 64;
not jealous of his sons, 88;
described by his son, 142;
chairman of Attwood's Committee, 150;
recommends spirit of co-operation, 185;
consolation in his children, 197;
discusses postal matters, 237, 241, 275;
present at presentation of national testimonial, vol. ii. 32;
remark on the first census, 260;
letters to one of his sons, vol. i. 13, 24;
his brother-in-law, 52;
Mr. M. D. Hill, 20, 105, 127, 172, 177;
Sir Rowland Hill, 185, 213

Hill, Sarah (Rowland Hill's mother), girlhood, 7;
character, 27;
moves her husband to turn schoolmaster, 30, 47;
economy, 30, 34, 52;
marriage, 32;
a "notable" woman, 43;
described by her son, 142;
death, 465

Hill Top. See School.

_Hillska Skola_, vol. i. 173

Hinks, Rev. W., vol. ii. 30

Hinde, Mr., vol. i. 465

Hodgson, Mr. Joseph, attends R. H. in times of illness, vol. i. 177,
vol. ii. 163, 219-221, 458

Hoffay, Mr., vol. ii. 221

Hogarth, William, vol. i. 39

Holgate, Mr., vol. i., 324

Holyhead, vol. ii. 275

Home Colonies, vol. i. 202

Honduras, vol. ii. 370

Hong-Kong Post Office, vol. ii. 257

Hood, Thomas, vol. i. 479

Horsehills, vol. i. 35, 45

Horsfall, Mr., vol. i. 429

"Household Words," vol. ii. 48, 192, 253

Howard, John, vol. i. 4, 141, 196

Huish, Captain, vol. ii. 231, 232, 274

Hull, vol. i. 150

Hume, Mr. Joseph, vol. i. 171, 173, 341, 357, vol. ii. 225;
visits Hazelwood, vol. i. 174;
a supporter of postal reform, 263, 288, 342, 350, vol. ii. 38;
consulted by R. H., vol. ii. 166, 167, 174, 198, 199;
letter to R. H., vol. ii. 170

Hunt, Leigh, vol. i. 276

Huskisson, Mr., vol. i. 198, 242

Hutchinson, Mr., vol. ii. 279, 281

Hutt, Sir W., vol. i. 220, 482

I

Income-Tax Commissioners, vol. ii. 30

India, postal reform in, vol. ii. 187, 212, 317;
postage to, 242;
book-post to, 245;
mutiny, 292, 354, 478

Inglis, Sir Robert, vol. i. 355

Inventors, not men who merely make lucky hits, vol. ii. 339;
described by Lord Brougham, 398;
their common lot, 401

Ireland in 1821, vol. i. 160, 161;
letters to (before 1840), 297;
Sunday labour, vol. ii. 112, 154;
mails to, 274, 338, 340;
life insurance, 307;
debts owing by postmasters, 313;
early history of Post Office, 352

Isle of Wight, vol. i. 146, 168

J

Jackson, Mr., vol. ii. 70, 77, 179

Jefferson, ex-President, vol. i. 174

Jeffrey, Lord, reviews "Public Education," vol. i. 178

"Jerusalem Coffee-house," vol. i. 303

Johnson, Dr., knew how to bind a book, vol. i. 54;
reads aloud the "Vanity of Human Wishes," 106;
receives a packet from Lisbon, 276;
rendering of a passage in Milton, vol. ii. 225;
quotes Bentley, 235;
to be read on the banks of the Wolga, 427

Johnson, Mr., vol. ii. 49, 74

Johnstone, Dr., vol. i. 64

Jones-Loyd, Mr. (Lord Overstone), evidence before committee (1838),
vol. i. 310, 312;
consulted by R. H., vol. ii. 43, 56, 216, 461

Jullien, M., vol. i. 174

K

Kater, Captain, vol. i. 95, 499

Kean, Edmund, vol. i. 135

Keble, Mr., vol. i. 194

Kemble, John, vol. i. 143

Kennedy, Dr., vol. i. 55

Keswick, vol. i. 339

Kidderminster, vol. i. 156; R. H's. birth-place, 1, 2, 34;
his statue to be set up there, vol. ii. 428

King, Lord, vol. i. 362

Kingston-on-Thames, vol. ii. 141

Kington, vol. ii. 277

Knight, Mr. Charles, suggests stamped covers for newspapers, vol. i.
218, 265, 270, 377

Knowles, Sheridan, vol. i. 200

L

Labouchere, Mr. (Lord Taunton), vol. i. 267, 268, vol. ii. 160

Land's End to John O'Groat's, vol. ii. 278

Laplace, vol. i. 59, 506

Lardner, Dr., vol. i. 173, 312, 322

Larpent, Sir George, vol. ii. 30

Lawrence, Mr. William, vol. i. 431

Lawrence, Mr. (of the Post Office), vol. i. 303

Lea, William, vol. i. 6

Lea, Bailie, vol. i. 7, 31, vol. ii. 148

Ledingham, Mr., vol. i. 374, 404, 448

Lee, Mr. James, vol. ii. 92

Leeds, vol. ii. 109, 194

_Leeds Mercury_, vol. ii. 150

Lees, Sir Edward, vol. i. 318

Leicester, vol. i. 366

Letters, postage rate before Penny Postage, vol. i. 238, 239, 247, 252,
276, 277, 281, 282, 295-297, 339, 381, vol. ii. 380, 396;
charges by enclosures, vol. i. 238, 282, 295;
effects of high rates on the poor, 239, 305-309, 342;
taxing, 247, 283, 372;
deliveries few and slow, 269, 281;
in large districts no deliveries, 253, 324, 451, vol. ii. 381;
illegal conveyance, vol. i. 238, 254, 300-304;
number as stated by government, 279, 290, 298, 299;
as stated by R. H., 298, 299;
average weight of London mail, 319, 339;
R. H.'s reforms;
proposed sorting in coaches, vol. i. 241;
actual cost of conveyance, 249, 280, vol. ii. 242, 493;
cost of distributing, vol. i. 248, 354;
uniform rate, 250, 312;
primary and secondary distribution, 251, vol. ii. 406;
rates suggested, vol. i. 251, 264, 269, 284, vol, ii. 404;
charges by weight, vol. i. 264, 318, 376, 386;
low postage no tax, 311;
prepayment, 250, 314, 378, vol. ii. 180, 258, 335;
uniform fourpenny rate, vol. i. 381, 384;
penny rate begins, 390;
number of letters after 1839, 395, 418, 435, 463, vol. ii. 86, 188,
190, 214, 259, 260, 314, 350, 382, 397;
registration, vol. i. 410, 455-459, vol. ii. 7, 315, 367, 381;
thefts, vol. i. 283, 410, 411, 455, vol, ii. 190, 315, 368;
forward letters, vol. i. 457, vol. ii. 110;
free delivery, vol. i. 252, vol. ii. 270, 381;
returned letters, vol. ii. 314;
increase of correspondence to distant places, vol. ii. 241, 371;
effect of school boards on letter writing,
418.
See also Penny Postage and Post Office.

Letter-Boxes (hall door), vol. ii. 90.
See Pillar Letter-Boxes.

Letter carriers, union of two corps of, vol. i. 258, 373, 375, vol. ii.
100, 103, 247, 271;
improved condition of, 190, 345, 381;
life insurance and burial fund, 304-307;
discontents, 321;
eligibility of their position, 309, 324;
Christmas boxes, 325, 328;
mutinous meeting, 326

Lewins, Mr. W. vol. ii. 367

Lewis, Sir G. C., passage in "Notes and Queries," vol. i. 239;
commission of inquiry into Sunday labour, vol. ii. 160;
mail service to Kington, 277;
R. H.'s device of government railway loans, 279-281;
Post Office insurance fund, 305

Lewis, Dr. vol. ii. 303

Libraries, Post Office, vol. ii. 308

Lichfield, vol. i. 138, vol. ii. 191

Lichfield, Earl of, Postmaster-General; his Post Office Consolidation
Act, vol. i. 281;
opposed to penny postage, 279, 288, 293, 314, 325, 351, 427, vol. ii. 3;
goes into a passion over it, vol. i. 359;
R. H.'s letters to, 292, 293

Life insurance of Post Office staff, vol. ii. 304-307

Lines, Mr., vol. i. 74, 391

Liverpool, R. H.'s first visit, vol. i. 140;
newspapers in 1834, 218;
testimonials, 442, vol. ii. 400;
speech at a public dinner, vol. ii. 53;
committee of the town council, 54;
district system, 272;
mutual guarantee, 307;
pneumatic tubes, 340

Lloyd, Mr. James, vol. ii. 387

Loans to railway companies. See Railways.

Locke, Mr., vol. ii. 159, 281

London, R. H.'s early visits, vol. i. 58, 134-136, 145, 200;
removal to, 180-182, 200;
daily newspapers, 218;
deliveries, 269, 282, vol. ii. 34, 258, 272;
petition for Penny Postage, vol. i. 280, 289;
number of Post Offices, 376, vol. ii. 314;
amount of correspondence, vol. ii. 94, 270;
Sunday agitation, 118;
grant of its Freedom, 428;
represented by its chief magistrate in Westminster Abbey, 430.
See also Post Office.

Londonderry, Marquis of, vol. ii. 91

Longton, vol. ii. 400

Lord's Day Society, foolish deputation from, vol, ii. 113;
its course of slandering, 129, 136, 154, 155;
a proof of conscious weakness, 149;
Professor Henslow's reply to, 145

Lord Mayor's English, vol. i. 144

Lords of the Treasury, vol. i. 386

Lowe, Mr. (Viscount Sherbrooke), vol. ii. 280, 347.

Lowther, Viscount (Earl of Lonsdale), vol. i. 436, 439, 448, 462, 465,
492, vol. ii. 61;
member of committee (1838), vol. i. 287;
votes against Penny Postage, 327;
Postmaster General, his cold and suspicious manner, 444, 458;
his ignorance, 453, vol. ii. 10;
plan of registration, vol. i. 455, 456, 459, 476;
his pride offended, 459, 476;
claims to the origination of Penny Postage, 488

Lyons, vol. ii. 311

M.