Chapter LXXIV: Commercial Names of Pigments

In commerce the pigments are found under the most different names, the most common of which have been given together with the description of the pigment. No regularity can be found in the names chosen for the different pigments; quite arbitrary designations have been taken. Pigments are most commonly named after places—for example, Prussian blue, Paris blue, Bremen green; also after the discoverer—Turnbull’s blue, Hatchett brown. Whilst these names give the place of production or the name of the discoverer, and thus have some foundation, there are many others for which no reason can be assigned, _e.g._, King’s yellow. Certain names are based upon the chemical composition of the pigment. These should be used by preference, but now that the expressions white lead, chrome yellow and Chinese blue have become common no one would think of speaking of basic lead carbonate, lead chromate or ferric ferrocyanide. The confusion in the nomenclature of colours is increased by placing pigments which possess English names upon the market under French, German or Latin names, which are often sadly mutilated. This is more the case in Germany than in England.

It may easily happen that a reader of a work on colour making might search in vain for a pigment whose name he had somewhere heard, whilst the book contained a description of the colour and its properties, but under another name. To remove this difficulty it has been thought necessary to collect the names of the different pigments, which are contained in the following table. The French and German names are also given. The most usual names are printed in italics.

WHITE PIGMENTS.

=Basic Lead Carbonate.=—_White lead, flake white._
_Céruse_, _blanc de plomb_, blanc d’argent,
blanc de neige, fleur de neige, blanc de Venise.
_Bleiweiss, Schieferweiss_, Schneeweiss, Silberweiss,
Kremserweiss, Kremnitzerweiss, Berlinerweiss,
Venetianerweiss, Hollanderweiss, Hamburgerweiss.

=Lead Oxychloride.=—_Pattison’s white lead_.
Blanc de Pattison, blanc d’Angleterre.
_Bleiweiss_, Pattisonweiss, englisches Patentweiss.

=Lead Sulphate.=—Lead bottoms.
Céruse de Mulhouse.
_Bleiweiss_, Vitriolweiss.

=Barium Sulphate.=—_Enamel white_, permanent white, blanc fixe,
baryta white.
_Blanc fixe_, blanc permanent.
_Permanentweiss_, _Barytweiss_, Schneeweiss, Mineralweiss,
Neuweiss.

=Zinc Oxide.=—_Zinc white_, permanent white, flowers of zinc.
_Blanc de zinc_, oxyde de zinc, fleur de zinc.
_Zinkweiss_, Zinkblumen, weisses Nichts, Ewigweiss.

=Basic Bismuth Nitrate.=—_Pearl white_, bismuth white,
Spanish white.
_Blanc d’Espagne_, blanc de bismuth, blanc de fard.
_Wismuthweiss_, _Spanischweiss_, Perlweiss, Schminkweiss.

YELLOW PIGMENTS.

=Lead Chromate.=—_Chrome, Chrome yellow._
_Jaune de chrome_, jaune d’or.
_Chromgelb, Königsgelb, Citronengelb_, Neugelb, Parisergelb,
Leipzigergelb, Kölnergelb, Zwickauergelb, amerikanisches Gelb.

=Lead Oxide.=—_Litharge, massicot_.
_Bleiglätte_, Glätte, Massicot.

=Lead Oxychloride.=—Patent yellow.
_Jaune minéral,_jaune breveté_, jaune de Montpellier.
_Casselergelb, Veronesergelb,
_Mineralgelb_, Patentgelb, Englischgelb, Parisergelb,
Montpelliergelb.

=Lead Antimoniate.=—_Naples yellow._
_Jaune de Naples_, jaune d’antimoine.
_Neapelgelb_, _Antimongelb_.
_Giallolino_, Giallo di Napoli.

=Barium Chromate.=—_Lemon yellow_, baryta yellow, yellow
ultramarine, permanent yellow.
_Barytgelb_, _gelbes Ultramarin_, Chromgelb.

=Zinc Chromate.=—_Zinc yellow_, zinc chrome.
_Jaune de zinc_, jaune permanent, jaune bouton d’or,
jaune de chrome inaltérable, jaune d’outremer.
Zinkgelb, Chromgelb.

=Cadmium Sulphide.=—_Cadmium yellow_, aurora yellow.
Jaune brillant.
_Cadmiumgelb._

=Basic Mercuric Sulphate.=—_Turpeth mineral_, mercury yellow.
Jaune de mercure.
_Mercurgelb, Königsgelb_, mineralischer Turpeth.

=Cobalt Potassium Nitrite.=—_Aureolin_, cobalt yellow.
_Jaune indien._
Kobaltgelb.

=Arsenic Disulphide and Trisulphide.=—_Realgar_, orpiment,
_King’s yellow_.
Orpiment, jaune royal.
_Realgar, Auripigment_, Rauschgelb, Rauschroth, Königsgelb,
Chinagelb, Persischgelb, Spanischgelb.

=Stannic Sulphide.=—Mosaic gold.
_Musivgold._

YELLOW LAKES.

_Dutch pink_, French yellow, _stil de grain_, jaune d’Avignon,
jaune français, _Schüttgelb_.
_Yellow lake_, jaune de gauche, _Waulack_.
_Indian yellow_, jaune indien, _Purre_, _Indischgelb_.
_Gamboge_, gomme-goutti, _Gummigutt_, _Gummigutti_.

RED PIGMENTS.

=Basic Lead Chromate.=—_Chrome red, orange chrome, Persian red_,
Derby red, Chinese red.
Jaune d’or, _jaune orange_, pâte orange. _Chromroth_,
_Chromorange_.

=Mercuric Sulphide.=—_Vermilion_, cinnabar.
_Vermillion_, cinabre.
_Zinnober_, Vermillon, Chinesischroth, Patentroth.

=Mercuric Iodide.=—_Scarlet._
Ecarlate.
_Jodinroth_, Scharlachroth.

=Ferric Oxide.=—_Rouge, colcothar, Indian red, Venetian red_,
crocus, caput mortuum, Mars red.
Rouge des Indes, rouge de Mars, rouge d’Angleterre.
_Englischroth_, Engelroth, Berlinerroth, Königsroth,
Kaiserroth, Neapelroth, _Indischroth_, Persischroth,
Eisensafran, Todtenkopfroth, _Marsroth_.

=Cobalt Phosphate or Arsenate.=
Chaux métallique.
Kobaltrosa.

RED LAKES.

=Cochineal Lakes.=—_Carmine_, _crimson lake_.
Laque carminée.
_Carmin_, Cochenilleroth, Münchenerlack, Wienerlack,
Florentinerlack, Pariserlack.

=Lac Dye.=
_Lack-lack, Lack-dye_.

=Madder Lakes.=—_Rose madder_, purple madder, madder carmine.
Laque de garance.
_Krapplack_, Wienerlack, _Krappcarmin_, Garancincarmin.

=Red Wood Lakes.=—Rose pink, Florentine lake.
Laque en boules, laque de Vienne, laque de Venise,
laque de Florence.
Kugellack, Münchenerlack, _Wienerlack, Berlinerlack,
Florentinerlack_, Venezianerlack, Neulack.

=Carthamine.=—Safflower, Spanish red.
_Rouge de carthame_, rouge de Chine, rouge d’or,
rouge en écailles, rouge végétal, rouge de Portugal.
_Safflorcarmine_, Safflorroth, Tassenroth, _Tellerroth_,
Vegetalroth.

BLUE PIGMENTS.

=Ferric Ferrocyanide.=—_Prussian blue_, _Chinese blue_, Paris blue,
Berlin blue, _Brunswick blue_.
_Bleu de Prusse_, bleu de Paris, _bleu de Berlin_, bleu
d’Anvers.
_Pariserblau_, _Berlinerblau_, Preussischblau, Sächsischblau,
Neublau, Oelblau, Wasserblau, Mineralblau, Erlangerblau,
Zwickauerblau, Waschblau, Louisenblau, Raymondblau.

=Ferrous Ferricyanide.=—Turnbull’s blue.
Bleu de Turnbull.
Turnbull’s Blau.
(The names given under ferric ferrocyanide are also used.)

=Ultramarine.=—Lime blue, Royal blue.
_Outremer_, bleu d’azur.
_Ultramarin_, Azurblau, Lazurblau, Lapis lazuli-Blau.

=Copper Hydroxide or Carbonate= (singly or together).
—_Blue verditer_, lime blue, mountain blue.
_Bleu de montagne, bleu de chaux, bleu de cuivre_,
cendres bleues, bleu de Payen.
_Bergblau_, _Mineralblau_, _Oelblau_, _Kalkblau, Neubergblau,
Kupferblau_, Bremerblau, Steinblau, Hamburgerblau,
Neuwiederblau, Casselerblau.

=Cobalt Oxide Alumina Compound.=—_Cobalt blue_,
Thénard’s blue.
_Bleu de Thénard_, bleu de cobalt.
_Kobaltblau_, Thénard’sches Blau, Kobalt-ultramarin,
Königsblau, Leydenerblau, Leithnerblau, Wienerblau, Cæruleum.

=Cobalt Potassium Silicate.=—_Smalts._
Bleu de smalt, bleu d’azur, _bleu de Saxe_.
_Smalte_, _Schmalte_, Blaufarbenglas, Sächsischblau,
_Streublau_, Königsblau, Kaiserblau, Azurblau, _Eschel_.

BLUE ORGANIC PIGMENTS.

=Indigo Sulphonates.=—_Indigo carmine_, soluble indigo.
_Bleu de Saxe._
_Indigocarmin_, Carminblau, präcipitirter Indigo,
_Carminblau_.

=Indigo Lake.=—Bleu d’Angleterre, bleu de Hollande.
Neublau, Waschblau, Holländerblau, Englischblau,
Tafelindigo.

GREEN PIGMENTS.

=Copper Carbonate.=—_Mountain green_, Hungarian green, lime green.
_Vert de montagne_, vert minéral, vert de cuivre,
vert de Hongrie.
_Berggrün_, Kupfergrün, ungarisches Grün, Tirolergrün,
Malachitgrün, Mineralgrün, Schiefergrün, Glanzgrün, Staubgrün,
Wiesengrün, Apollogrün, Wassergrün, Oelgrün, Alexandergrün.

=Copper Arsenite.=—_Scheele’s green, verditer_, lime green,
_mineral green_.
_Vert de Suède_, vert de Scheele.
Scheel’sches Grün, _Schwedisches Grün_, Mineralgrün,
Braunschweigergrün, Neuwiedergrün, Erdgrün, Aschengrün.

=Copper Aceto-Arsenite.=—_Emerald green._
_Vert de Vienne_, vert de Mitis, vert breveté.
_Schweinfurter Grün, Mitisgrün, Wiesengrün, Englischgrün,
Patentgrün_, Hörmann’s Grün, Papageigrün, Kaisergrün,
Königsgrün, Wienergrün, Kirchbergergrün, Leipzigergrün,
Zwickauergrün, Baslergrün, Parisergrün, Neuwiedergrün,
Würzburgergrün, Originalgrün, Jasnügergrün.

=Copper Stannate.=
_Gentele’s Grün_, Zinngrün.

=Copper Oxychloride.=—
Kuhlmann’s Grün, Elsner’s Grün, giftfreies Grün.

=Copper Borate.=
Borgrün, Kupfergrün, giftfreies Kupfergrün.

=Copper Acetate.=—_Verdigris_, distilled or crystallised verdigris.
_Vert de gris_, vert de gris naturel, vert de gris distillé,
vert de gris en grappes.
_Grünspan_, destillirter, französischer, deutscher,
präcipitirter or krystallisirter Grünspan.

=Chromium Oxide and Hydroxide.=—_Guignet’s green_, chrome green,
lime green, _viridian_.
_Vert de chrome_, vert Pannetier, vert Guignet,
vert de soie, vert émeraude, vert naturel, vert virginal.
_Chromgrün_, grüner Zinnober, Laubgrün, Smaragdgrün,
Deckgrün, Myrthengrün, Permanentgrün, Amerikanergrün,
Neapelgrün, Gothaergrün, Guignet’s Grün, Mittler’s Grün,
Pannetier’s Grün, Chromgrün in Lack, Tükisgrün,
Seidengrün, Naturgrün.

[The green produced by mixing chrome yellow with
Prussian blue is known in England as chrome green,
Brunswick green, oil green, etc., and on the continent
by the names given above for chromium oxide.]

=Chromium Phosphate.=—Arnaudan’s green.
Vert Arnaudan, vert de Plessy.
Arnaudan’s, Plessy’s, Schnitzer’s Grün.

=Cobalt Oxide-Zinc Oxide.=—_Cobalt green_, Rinmann’s green.
_Vert de Rinmann_, vert de cobalt.
_Kobaltgrün_, Rinmann’s Grün, Zinkgrün, permanenter
grüner Zinnober.

=Barium Manganate.=—Rosenstiehl’s green.
Vert tiges de roses.
Mangangrün, _Rosenstiehl’s Grün_, Böttger’s Grün.

VIOLET PIGMENTS.

=Chromic Chloride.=
Chrombronze, Permanentbronze, Tapetenbronze.

=Manganese Phosphate.=—Nuremberg violet.
Manganviolett, Nürnberger Violett.

BROWN PIGMENTS.

=Lead Peroxide.=
Bleibraun, Flohbraun.

=Manganic Oxide and Peroxide.=—Manganese brown.
Brun de Mangane, bistre minéral.
_Manganbraun_, Bisterbraun, _Mineralbister_, Kastanienbraun,
_Braunsteinbraun_.

=Copper Potassium Ferrocyanide.=—Hatchett brown.
Brun de Prusse.
Hatchett’s Braun, Kupferbraun, Chemischbraun, Breslauerbraun.

=Ferric Oxide.=—Brown ochre, Mars brown.
Eisenbraun, Van Dyck Braun, Ockerbraun, Sienabraun.
Prussian brown is Prussian blue decomposed by heat
(see page 280).
Chrome brown and cobalt brown (see pages 280, 281).

BLACK PIGMENTS.

=Carbon.=—_Ivory black_, bone black, Frankfort black, vine black,
_vegetable black, drop black_, carbon black, lamp black_.
Noir d’ivoire, noir de Frankfort, noir de Cologne,
noir d’Allemagne.
Kienruss, Flatterruss, Russschwarz, Rebenschwarz,
Hefeschwarz, Beinschwarz, Spodium, Elfenbeinschwarz,
Frankfurterschwarz, Pariserschwarz, Wienerschwarz,
Lampenschwarz, Oelschwarz, Spanischschwarz, Drusenschwarz.

=Carbon mixed with Other Substances.=
Neutral tint, composition black, neutral black.
Teint neutre, noir de composition.
Compositionsschwarz, Neutraltinte, Naturaltinte.

Indian ink.
Encre de Chine.
Tusche.