Chapter III: Section 106: 34. View of Ordinary Sulphur-Burning Ovens 108

35. SPRUCE WOOD PULP 114

36. MECHANICAL WOOD PULP 115

37. THE SCREENS FOR REMOVING COARSE FIBRES FROM BEATEN
PULP 118

38. THE PAPER MACHINE (WET END SHOWING WIRE) 119

39. PAPER MACHINE SHOWING WIRE, PRESS ROLLS, AND DRYING
CYLINDERS 123

40. SINGLE CYLINDER OR YANKEE MACHINE 130

41. SECTION OF WET PRESS, OR BOARD MACHINE 131

42. DOUBLE CYLINDER BOARD MACHINE 133

43. APPARATUS FOR MAKING PARCHMENT PAPER 138

44. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PLANT FOR MAKING "ART" PAPER 143

45. SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF "COATING" PLANT 144

46. COTTON PULP BEATEN 8 HOURS 179

47. COTTON PULP BEATEN 37 HOURS 180

48. PLAN AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF A "HOLLANDER" 185

49. BEATING ENGINE WITH FOUR BEATER ROLLS 186

50. UMPHERSTON BEATER 188

51. SECTION OF UMPHERSTON BEATING ENGINE 189

52. NUGENT'S BEATING ENGINE WITH PADDLES FOR CIRCULATING
THE PULP 190

53. A "TOWER" BEATING ENGINE WITH CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FOR
CIRCULATING PULP 191

54. WORKING PARTS OF A MODERN REFINING ENGINE 192

55. CONVENTIONAL DIAGRAM OF A WATER SOFTENING PLANT 216

56. AN "ENCLOSED" STEAM ENGINE 220

57. AN ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PAPER MACHINE 222

58. DIAGRAM OF THE "EIBEL" PROCESS 223

THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER