Chapter V: The Chief Katuns (1)

_From the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel._

The document which follows is brief, but of peculiar interest. It does not appear to aim at a connected history of events, but in the form of a chant to refer certain incidents to the katuns in which they occurred. It has more of a mythological character, and the repetitions remind one of the refrain of a song.

It is also found in the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel, and is inserted without explanation or introduction, copied, no doubt, from some ancient writing.

TEXT.

1. Can ahau u kaba katun; uchci u zihilob----[178-1]pauaha en cuh u yahauob.

2. [178-2]Oxhunte ti katun lic u tepalob, lay u kabaob tamuk u tepalob lae.

3. Can ahau u kaba katun; emciob [178-3]noh hemal, [178-4][c]eemal, u kabaob lae.

4. Oxlahunte ti katun, lic u tepalob, lic u kabaticob, ti i ualac u cutob. Oxlahun cuthi, u cutob lae.

5. Can ahau u katunil; uchci u caxanticob u chic[=h]een Ytzua; tii utzcinnahi mactzil tiob tumen u yumoobe. Cantzuc lukciob cantzucul cab u kabaob; likul ti likin kin colah peten bini huntzuci; [178-5]kul xaman naco cob [178-6]hok huntzucci; heix hoki huntzucci holtun cuyuua ti chikin; hoki huntzuccie canhek uitz, bolonte uitz u kaba u luumil lae.

6. Can ahau u katunil [178-7]uhci u payalob tu cantzuccilob can tzuccul cab u kabaob, ca emiob tu chic[=h]een Ytzae ahYtza tun u kabaob. Oxlahunte ti katun, lic u tepalob; ca oci u kebanthanobi tumen hunnac ceeli. Ca paxci u calob. Ca biniob tan yol che tan xuluc mul, u kaba. Can ahau u katunil; uchci yauat pixanobi. Oxlahunte ti katun lic u tepalobi y u numyaobi.

7. Uaxac ahau u katunil; uchci yulelob yalaob ahYtza u kabaob. Ca ulob tii ca ualac u tepalob Chakanputun. Oxlahun ahau u katunii u he[c]ob cah mayapan mayauinic u kabaob. Uaxac ahau paxci u cahobi; ca uacchabi ti peten tulacal. Uac katuni paxiob, ca haui u Maya kabaob. Buluc ahau u kaba u katunil hauci u maya kabaob; Maya uinicob Christiano u kabaob tulacal u cuchcabal tzo ma Sanc Pedro y Rey ahtepale.

TRANSLATION.

1. The fourth ahau was the name of the katun; the births took place;--; the towns were taken possession of by the rulers.

2. It was the thirteenth katun in which they ruled; these were their names while they ruled.

3. The fourth ahau was the name of the katun; in it they arrived, the Great Arrival, the Less Arrival, as they are called.

4. It was the thirteenth katun in which they ruled, in which they took names, at that time, while they resided here; in the thirteenth the residence was continued, they resided here.

5. The fourth ahau katun; then took place the search for Chichen Itza; at that time they were marvelously improved by the fathers. They went forth in four divisions which were called the four territories. One division came forth from the east of Kin Colah Peten; one division came forth from the north of Nacocob; one division came forth from the gate of Zuyuua to the west; one division came forth from the mountains of Canhek, the Nine Mountains, as the land is called.

6. The fourth ahau katun; then took place the calling together of the four divisions, the four territories as they were called, and they arrived at Chichen Itza and were called the men of Itza. It was the thirteenth katun in which they ruled; then the plottings were introduced by Hunnac Ceel, and the territories were destroyed. Then they went into the midst of the forests, into the midst of Xuluc Mul, so called. The fourth ahau katun; then singing for their happiness took place. It was the thirteenth katun in which they governed and had heavy labor.

7. The eighth ahau katun; thus it took place that there arrived the remainder of the Itza men as they were called; then they arrived; and about that time they governed Chakanputun. In the thirteenth ahau katun those called the Maya men founded the city Mayapan. In the eighth ahau the towns were destroyed; then they were driven wholly out of the province. In the sixth katun they were destroyed, and it was ended with those called Mayas. It was the eleventh ahau katun in which it ended with those called Mayas. The Maya men were all called Christians and came under the control of Saint Peter and the King, the rulers.

NOTES.

1. _U zihilob_, the births, probably meaning the beginning of things. _Pauaha en cuh_ has no meaning that I can make out; I therefore suppose it an error for _pachah u cah_, and translate in accordance with this emendation. The phrase seems to refer to the first settlement of the country, or to the first time the scattered inhabitants were gathered together in towns by their chiefs.

2. "These were their names"; but no names are given. They seem to have been omitted by the copyist.

3. _Emciob noh hemal [c]eemal_, faulty orthography for _noh emel, [c]eemel_, the latter syncopated from _[c]e[c]emel_. Literally, "since they descended; the Great Descent, the Little Descent."

The tradition here referred to is given at more length by Father Lizana, in his _Historia de Yucatan_, and is discussed also by Cogolludo (_Historia de Yucatan_, Lib. IV, cap. III). As the work of the former is wholly inaccessible, I quote from the reprint of a portion of it in Brasseur's edition of Diego de Landa's _Relacion_ p. 354. "In former times they called the East _Cen-ial_, the Little Descent, and the West _Nohen-ial_, the Great Descent. The reason they give for this is that on the east of this land a few people descended, and on the west a great many; and with that syllable they understand little or much, to the east and the west; and that few people came from one direction and many from the other." Father Lizana goes on to express his opinion that the few who came from the East were the Carthaginians, and the many from the West were the Mexicans.

The very corrupt form in which he has given the words has led Senor Eligio Ancona to suppose they belonged to the archaic and secret language of the priests (_Historia de Yucatan_, Tomo I, p. 24), and Dr. Carl Schultz-Sellack to imagine that they referred to East and West, right and left, as he adopted the misreading _[c]iic_, left, for _[c]e[c]_, little (_Die Amerikanischen Goetter der Vier Weltgegenden_, in the _Archiv fuer Ethnologie_, Band XI, 1879). But they are readily analyzed when we have their correct orthography, as given above. The reference to them in this place shows that the author of the chant was dealing with the most ancient legends of his race.

The Itzas who resided in the Peten district left the region around Chichen Itza some time in the fifteenth century, probably after the fall of Mayapan. They were ruled by an hereditary chieftain, called by the Spaniards "the great king, Canek." Under him the territory was divided into four districts, each with its own chief, with whom the Canek consulted about important undertakings.

Evidently in removing to Peten the Itzas were retracing their steps on the line of their first entrance to the peninsula. They even attempted to go further west, and guided, probably, by ancient memories, a large number set out for Tabasco and the banks of the Usumaciuta,[TN-23] where repose the ruins of Palenque, possibly the home of their ancestors. But they were attacked and driven back by the natives of Tabasco, with the loss of their leader, a brother-in-law of the great Canek. These and other particulars about them are repeated by Villagutierre Sotomayor, _Historia de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza_, folio, Madrid, 1701.

4. The elliptical form of expression here renders the translation difficult. The verb _cutal_ (old form _cultal_), pret. _culhi_ or _cuthi_, fut. _culac_, means to sit down, to remain in a place, to be at home there, to reside, etc. Perhaps the translation both here and in Sec. 2 should be, "for thirteen katuns they ruled, etc."

5. The word _yum_, plural _yumob_, means father and also chief, leader, ruler, etc. In modern Maya it is the translation of Sir, Mister, Senor.

The proper names of the localities whence the four divisions are said to have come, have a mythological cast. I cannot find any of them in the present geography of Yucatan. Kin Colah Peten is mentioned in a "katun wheel" in this same Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel, as the name of one of the towns which furnished a katun stone. Zuiva I have already referred to as appearing in the Quetzalcoatl myth (see page 110).

The mountains of Canhek and the Nine Mountains take us to the Itzas around Lake Peten, in the extreme south of the peninsula, this last mentioned division being, in fact, that from the south.

6. _U payalob_, plural passive of _pay_, to call, to summon.

_Tan yol che_, _ol_ or _yol_ is the heart or centre of the leaf or plant; _tan xuluc mul_, see page 174. _Yauat pixanobi_, they were happy in singing, or, they gained favor by singing. The expression is obscure. The verb _auat_ is applied to the singing of birds, the crowing of cocks, and generally to the natural sound made by any animal, and, in composition, to the sound of musical instruments, as, _auatzah_, to play on the flute, to blow a trumpet.

7. _Uacchahi_ from _uacchahal_, appears to be a strongly figurative expression. It is explained in Pio Perez' Dictionary, "salirse con esfuerzo de su cubierta o encaje, saltarse de ella _como tripa por el ano_."

_Hauic_, from _haual_, to end, finish, cease to exist. Thus the chronicler closes his recital, repeating the to him no doubt bitter fact that the Maya nation and the Maya name had passed away.

FOOTNOTES:

[178-1] pachah u cah.

[178-2] oxlahunte.

[178-3] nohemel.

[178-4] [c]e[c]emel.

[178-5] likul.

[178-6] hoki.

[178-7] uchci.

THE CHRONICLE
OF
CHAC XULUB CHEN.

BY
NAKUK PECH.

1562.

CHRONICLE OF CHICXULUB.

Among the ancient documents collected by Pio Perez was a series relating to the town of Chicxulub, about six leagues north of Merida. They are entitled _Documentos de Tierras de Chicxulub, 1542_. They consist of a history of the town and of the conquest of the country, written by Nakuk Pech, about 1562; a survey of the town lands by several members of the Pech family, testified to Feb. 7, 1542; a partial list of the Spanish conquerors; a portion of an account by another member of the Pech family, and a further statement by Nakuk Pech.

The longest and the most interesting of these is the history of the Conquest, or, as the writer calls it, "the history and the chronicle of Chacxulubchen"--_u belil u kahlail C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en_--this being one of the native forms of the name of the town. It is headed "Conquest and Map," but the map has disappeared. Usually such "maps" accompanying the title papers of towns in Yucatan have as a central figure the outlines of a church with the name of the town; around this is drawn the figure of the town lands, with the names of the wells, trees, stones and other landmarks mentioned in the titles.

The writer, Nakuk Pech, baptized Pablo Pech, must have been between sixty and seventy years of age when he drew up his statement, inasmuch as he mentions occurrences, as late as 1562, and also speaks of himself as an adult in 1519. He belonged to a noble family, the Pechs of Cumkal, who are mentioned by Sanchez Aguilar as hereditary _batabs_, or independent chiefs. They appear to have given their names to the province on the west coast called Kin Pech, or Campech, known to the English as Campeachy, and to that of Ceh Pech, in which the city of Ho, afterwards called Merida, was situated. The Abbe Brasseur,[TN-24] on very slight grounds, surmised that they were not originally of Maya stock, but probably descendants of the Caribs.[190-1]

He states that he was the son of Ak Kom Pech, in baptism Martin Pech, and the grandson of Ah Tunal Pech, while the head of the house of Pech seems to have been Ah Naum Pech, baptized Don Francisco de Montejo Pech.

Pech always uses as the name of his town _Chac Xulub Chen_, which means "the well of the great horns," probably because some huge antlers were found there, or were set up to mark the spot. The modern name _Chic Xulub_ was probably applied to it as a parody, or a play on words. It means to cuckold one, to put horns on him.[191-1]

A literal translation of the document was made by Don Manuel Encarnacion Avila, of Merida, about 1860, and this has been of service to me in completing the present rendering. But Senor Avila, though familiar with the Maya of to-day, was evidently not at all acquainted with the ancient terms with reference to the calendar, and the usages of the natives before the Conquest. He therefore made serious errors wherever such occurred.

Moreover, as it was his purpose to give an extremely literal translation, he often sacrificed to this both clearness and correctness, and in various passages his sentences are unintelligible.

The Abbe Brasseur (de Bourbourg) commenced to copy the original when in Merida, but completed only the first two paragraphs. He applied for a copy of the remainder; but by an error he received instead of this an unfinished transcript of another paper by the Pech family. These fragments he inserted, with a translation of his own, in the second volume of the Reports of the _Mission Scientifique au Mexique et a l'Amerique Centrale_, pp. 110-120 (4 to, Paris, Imprimerie Imperiale: 1870). As his lexicographic resources were, by his own statement, quite deficient (_id._, note to p. 116), he is scarcely to be criticised if, as is the case, much of his translation but faintly presents the meaning of the original.

It will be seen that I have sacrificed every attempt at elegance in the English translation to an endeavor to preserve faithfully the style of the original, even to its needless repetitions and awkward sentences.

TEXT.

_Concixta yetel Mapa._

1. U hotzuc ca culhi ah buluc ahau lai katun ca uli Espanolesob ca cahiob te ti noh cah te ti Ho; lae te ix ah bolon ahaue ti tun cahi cristianoili; lae he hab yax ulci ca yum Espanolesob uay ti lum lae tu habil 1511 anos.

* * * * *

2. Ten cen yn Nakuk Pech yax hidalgos concixtadoren, uay ti lum lae tu cacabil Maxtunil cin [c]abal ti yax cah tu cacabil c[=h]acxulub C[=h]en. Bai bic [c]aa nen in canante tumen in yumob Ah Naum Pech lic utzcinic utz olal u belil u kahlail uay ti cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en in yax mekthantah lai cah lae capel cacab Chichinica _y_ uay C[=h]aac Xulub C[=h]en.

3. Cen Nakuk Pech in kaba cuchi ti ma ococ haa tin pol cuchi u mehenen Tahkom Pech D^on Martin Pech ti cah Xulkum Cheel; bai bic [c]aanoon canan hol cacabob tumen in yum Ah Naum Pech likul tu cah Mutul ca tah culcintaben in canante cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en lae ti manan to u manac u talel ca yum Espanolesob uay tac lumi Yucatan lae ten tun halach uinic uai ti cah uai ti luum C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en lae ca tun uli ca yum Sr. Adelantado uai ti peten lae ichil yabil 1519 anos cuchi lae ten ix yax batab; ca uli Espanolesob tu lumil uai Maxtunil lae toonix kame tu yabal [c]aolalobe toonix yax [c]aic patan yetel [c]icil tiob _y_ ca [c]aic hanalob tiob capitanob Espanolesob; hek Adelantado u kabae lai uli uai Maxtunil tu tancabal Nachi May; ti yanob ca binon cilob uchebal ca [c]aic cicioltiob; mayto ococob ti cah cuchi chenbel zutucahob paibe uai ti lume oxppel u [c]anlob uai tu cacabil Maxtunile uai tun likulob cu binelob tu holpai [c]unul tu hol u payil [C]ilam tancoch yoxpel hab cahanobi.

4. Tiob yan cuchi ca bini u kubulte in yumob tiob; lai Adelantado u kaba lai zutui uai ti lum; lae Ixkakuk u kaba u [c]a in yum tiob lai u kaba lai xc[=h]uplal u [c]ah tiob menyahticob _y_ tzenticob tiob tan yan cuchi ca tal katuntabilob tumen Cupulob ca tun lukobi ca biniob ti cahtalob ti Ecab kantanenkin u kaba u lumil cahlahciob; tix yanob cuchi ca katuntabiob tumen Ah Ecabob ca lukobie ca cuchob Cauaca ti tun ocobi te maniob ti cah [194-1][C]ekom ti u kaba cuhe manciob ca cuchiob ti cah TixcuumcuUuc u kaba cah kuchciob ti liculob ca kuchoob Tinuum u kaba cah kuchciob caix u tzaclahob u Chic[=h]en Ytza u kaba ti tun u katahob u Rey cah u lahanobi ca alab tiobi: "Yan ahau, yume," ci yalalob, "ye yan Ahau Cocom Aun Pech Ahau Pech, Namox Cheel Ahau Cheel [C]i[c]an tun; Katun [c]ul, te xebnae," ci yalalob tumen [195-1]naob Bon Cupul; u lukulob tu Chic[=h]een Ytza lae catun cuchiob yicnal Ahau Ixcuat Cocom te Akee: "Yume, matab a binelex te lae; bin zatacex," cibin yalablob tumen Ahau Ixcuat Cocom ca ualkahiob tutulpachob, ca binob ca cuchob Cauaca tu caaten, caix kuchob tu holpayal Catzim u kaba tix nakob ti kankabe, ca biniob ti cahtalob tuyulpachob tet [C]elebnae u kabae lai yax cahicob ca ulob uai ti luum lae.

5. Lai ye tan Chanpatune uacppel hab cahanobi caix u hokzahubaob te Campeche; lai Adelantado u kaba yax [c]ule lai mani uai ti lum; lae tiob tun yan Campech cuchi ca u katahob patan caix u yabi u thanob tumen batabob tu cahalcahobe tulacal bini patan; tiob te maaniob ti kaknabe yahpulul patanob; lae ca tun binen _y_ in lakob Ah MaCamPech _y_ u yit [c]in Ixkil Ytzam Pech in yahaulil cah Cumkale _y_ in yum yan ti cah Xulcum Cheele; lai in lakob cat binen tu pach patan, laix ca yilahob, laix ca alak Nachi May, yoklal yohel maa yohel ma u thanob yoklal u yax ulob ichil yotoch, ca uliob lae laitah oklal u thanahob u lakintob, ca binob tu pach patan yoklal yettail tahiob Espanolesob ti tun kubiob tumenel capitanobe; tiix c [196-1]matanok zayo _y_ capote _y_ zapato _y_ u _y_ ppoc cicialtabion tumen te capitanob; caix lukon ca [c]oci ca [c]aic zililob Espanolesob yan tacix ca buc ca ulon lay zayo _y_ capote, lay Ixkil Ytzam Pech yan Conkale laix ca lakah Macan Pech yan Yaxkukule _y_ in yum Ahkom Pech u noxibal ca binon.

6. Cen ix Nakuk Pech lae in kaba ten yax batab yax kubob patan ca binon Campech ca kubob patan, caix uloon tutul pache tamuk u talel Espanolesob tu bel Campech talel u cahob ti cahtal Ich can zi hoo ti nohcah ti Hoe; tuchi ix ca yubah u talelob Espanolesob tu bel Campech, ca binon ca [c]ab ziltiob tolo ten caix binon tu caaten cat kube patan. Cen ix Nakuk Pech uai tu cabil C[=h]ac Xulub Chen _y_ Ah Macan Pech yan tu cabil Yax Kukul _y_ Ixkil Ytzam Pech u noh batabil Conkale _y_ ten cen Ixnakuk Pech batab uai ti cah C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en teix oci ca ziltiob tucaaten te [C]ibkale[196-2] ix u chucan u nahubaob tucaaten ca kube ziltiob u lum y cab y u c[=h]ahucil hanalob u kamciob te [C]ibilkale ti tamuk u talel yocolob ti cahtal ti Hoo lay D^n Fran^co de Montejo, yax capitan General yax uli uai tu peten ti Hoo lae _y_ D^n Fran^co de Bracamonte y Fran^co Tamayo _y_ Juan de Pacheco _y_ Perarberes lai capitanesob uliob ichil habil 1541 anos.

7. Lai hab ca uliob ti Hoo ti cahtalob lay capitanob mektanmail Espanolesob, ca uliob ti Ho lae tenili batab cen Ix Nakuk Pech, ca uli Espanolesob te ti Hooe tenix kubi patan ti concixtadoresob ti Hoo, tenix batab uai ti cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en lae tamuk u escribanoil Roderigo Alvares ichil yabil 1542 anos.

8. U tan u toxol cahob ti concixtadoresob tumen capitanob adelantado lay yax Espanolesob _y_ escribano Roderigo Alvares lai [c]ibtic u xocaan patanob ti yulel hun huntzuc ti cahob, baix tamuk u kubic patan in lakob tulacal lai in c[=h]ibalob lae ti tamuk ban patane yoklal toxbil patan tiob Espanolesob tumen capitanob adelantado _y_ escribano Rodrigo Alvarez ichil hun hunteel hab uli Espanolesob ti Hoo; tulacal ca ix c[=h]aben cen Ix Nakuk Pech ca [c]aben ti Don Julian Doncel encomendero lai u yax yumil cah uay C[=h]aac Xulub C[=h]en lae lai yax encomendero, caix machi in kab _y_ tu tan capitan Don Fran^co de Montejo adelantado ten tun [c]abi ti batabil ti D^n Julian Donsel tu kab, ca hoppi in tan lic u patan u yumil kul uinicilob.

9. Cen Ix Nakuk Pech lae ten tan lic in batabil cuchi ca uli Albares yax alcalde mayor uai tu petenil Yucatan ti Hoo lae, caix uli Alvara de Carvayor alcalde Mayor, li xan caix uli Oidor D^n Tomas Lopez tenili batab cuchie heix in kabatah cen ix Nakuk Pech ca oci ha tin pole _y_ ca tin kama bautismo D^n Pablo Pech lay in kaba ca hau[198-1] in kabatic Nakuk Pechil; hidalgoson yax batabon tumen capitanob cat yax chuca uai ti peten lae ton ix yax kubob patan ti [c]ulob cat [c]ab u chucil toon tumen Dios _y_ Rey ahtepal; lae ton u c[=h]ibalon hidalgos tu yalomal in mehenob tulacal tu tan kinil cu binel tu nak u hayalcab; lae ton batabon yahaubiI[TN-25] uai ti luum ti ma yanac Santa Yglesiaob ti cacabob, tan to u ximbal tabal lumob tumen Espanolesob uatub ci tan u moltalob utial u kulteob ti yoklal piz uinicob cuchi ti ma christianacobi tulacal in mektan cahil uinicob tumen in kamci in Cristianoil, cen Nakuk Pech cuchi laili batab en cuchi ca in kamah Santo Oleos _y_ Santo ocolal, utial in camzic in mektan cahilob tulacal tenix yax mache vara utial justiciail, tumen t binen in nant u than Dios _y_ ca noh Ahau Rey Ahtepal; laitun ca yum ti Oidor D^n Tomas Lopes ca uchi lae yax [c]ai u xicin patan ti batabob ti cahal cahob; lai temes ti ca yatan [c]ooctun yahaubil Oidor D^n Tomas Lopes ca tun tin kubah in bara ti in mehen D^n Pedro Pech ichil habil 152 a^s.

10. Lai cu xocol yabil cuchi lae ca in kamah u bara in yum Nakuk Pech D^n Pablo Pech Ursula Pech ixan uai ti cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en, lae utial in meyactic Dios _y_ ca noh ahau Rey ahtepal utial in mektantic lai cah lae uai ti cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en lae.

11. La tun ulicob tu cahalob yetel u yahkulelob _y_ u holpopob bay tu cahal Yaxkukul, bay tu cahal Xulkum Cheel, bai tu cahal Maxtunil yaxc[=h]ibal Macan Pech yaxc[=h]ibal Tahkom Pech Xulkum Cheel, yet ulcob ix yahkinob yaxc[=h]ibal Macan Pech yaxc[=h]ibal Tahkom Pech Xulkum Cheel, yet ulcobix u cuchulob tu pachob, ca uliob uai ti cahtale yet ulcobix yahkinob u holpopob _y_ yahkulelob tu pachob u halach uinicob, ca uliob tu cacabil Yaxkukul baix toon xan cat uloon uai tu cacabil C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en lae, ca cahiob uai lae lai culcinaben Tah Nakuk Pech, tumen in yum Tah Koon Pech u mehen Tah Tunal Pech yaxc[=h]ibal Maxtunile mektantic cah.

12. Lae cat uli [c]ulob uai tu lumil cacabob lae manan Maya uinicob ti kuchi yolob u kube patan ti yax [c]ulob cuchi, lae lai u yax cantahob [c]ulob Espanolesob [c]ocan ili tun u [c]abal cah canante. Cen tah Nakuk Pech in yax kamici cah uai ti cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en, ca uliob u chun u thanob tu pachob _y_ yahkulel _y_ u holpopob _y_ yahkinob lae, lai u kaba Ah Kul Matu _y_ Kulche _y_ ulcob ix yax kinob Ahkin Cocom Ahkin Tacu _y_ ulcob ix u holpop Nachan Cen _y_ holpop Xuluc, lai u kaba, holpop lai mektanmailob ca ulob uai tii u lum Maxtunil _y_ Ah Kul Chuc _y_ u holpop tu pachob; lai u he[c]ahob u cacabil uai C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en caix uliob u holcanob u nacomob, nacom Kan, nacom Xuluc, nacom Pot, nacom May, nacom Ek, lai u kaba nacomob, layobi u kab nacomob yah mektanul batab tah Nakuk Pech ca ulen uai ti cah C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en; lai chiccunic yol lai in cu uchulob cat ulen uai ti cahtah uai ti luum uai tu cacabil C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en.

13. Cen tah Nakuk Pech lae ca ulen tumen u halach uinic tenob ca chichi cah uai ti C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en; lae tumen u nucteelob cuchi lae manan u manak u talel Espanolesob uai ti luum, lae minan u yana cah chicunic cah uai C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en; lai yobi t ubahilob lae ti xocan ili, yulel Espanolesob ti noh cah ti Ho, _y_ u kamal cristianoil tumen uinicob uai Tah Ceh Peche [c]ocan ili ix in molic cah uai tulacahal C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en, cen D^n Pablo Pech _y_ in yum D^n Martin Pech, conquixtador, Xulkum Cheel.

14. Lae ti tum lae ti hoppi u licil u katun Espanolesob ich mul cochleah[201-1] ca binon, _y_ in yum Ah Macan Pech yaxc[=h]ibal Yaxkukul, y Yxkil Y[c]am Pech yaxc[=h]ibal Cumkal, _y_ ti binen tu pach katun; ca oci u patan kooch uahobe lai tun mektanmai u yumil kul uiniclob cah, ca ti binon ti katun yah, yukul kah _y_ tuce tumenel u kuxilob ti kul uinicob; ichil uacpe u yanonie _y_ in lakob tu pach kul uinicob ti numia; mektanan tun in yum tumen u chunthanob, lay yobi hach ilaob yuchul tulacal tu banalob tin cantah ichil in informacion tulacal lae uchebal yoheltabal tumen in c[=h]ibalob in mehenob tin pach ti uchen cimic uai okolcab[201-2] lae yoklal in titulo in probanza [c]aan ten tumen ca yumil ti Dios _y_ ca noh Ahau Rey ahtepal; manan in patan maix uchac in botic patan maix in mehenob maix in u ixmehenob bin u bote patan yoklal tu lukzah ten ca yumil ti Dios ichil u zahacil in puczical; ti mato in uilal u uich Espanolesob cuchi tu [c]ahten ich ich olal utial in kubic inba tu kab Espanolesob _y_ in cahalob tulacal utial u cahal cahob tumenel capitanob Adelantado yax concixtadoresob; uliob uai ti u lumil Yucatane; he hab yax ulci [c]ulob tu lumil uai ti Cupule lae 1511 anos.

15. Cuchi mahun ilabac [c]ulob Espanolesob ca chuci Jeronimo de Aguilar tumenob a Cusamilob; lai lae u chun yohelabal peten tulacal lae yoklal [c]oci u xinbaltabal uchi lumob tulacal, lai tah oklal ma talan uchi lumob peten tulacal lai tun cin [c]olic[202-1] tu tan Ahau ca tu cuchi tu tan Ahau Ah Macan Pech D^n Pedro Pech _y_ u cuchteelob yax c[=h]ibalob u nacomob tu pachob tulacal binob tu pach yoklal utzilob Ahau ylal u uichob u maseual uinicob; caix tu te ta lahun cakal u nucil uinicob u bines tu pach ti Ahau Rey ahtepal u tzicob ti messa nachi ti Espana, heix mac xenahi[202-2] tu tzicile tu tan Rey ahtepale; lai tun tu yala Ahau ca u bote patanob tulacal, yal u mehenob tulacal, heix ton Ah Pechob yaxc[=h]ibal uai ti lum _y_ yaxc[=h]ibal tal ti Cupul, ca bin tu yalah yabil peten _y_ yabil maya uinicob u bal lum, caix bin tu tzolah u xocan tu tanil ca noh Ahau ca u[c]ac[202-3] u talel he[c]bil u chi lum u Chinante Ahau; bay tun chacanhic ca lumil lae lai Aguilar, lae te hantabi tumen ah Naum Ah Pot Cusamile tu yabil 1517 anos; lai yabil hauic c[=h]a katun, lae lai hauic u uacuntabal u tunil balcah, yoklal hunhunkal tun u talel uaatal u tunil balcah cuchi ti man uluc [c]ul Espanolesobe Cusamil cuchi uaital petenil; tumen ulic Espanolesob ca t haui u betabal.

16. 1519 anos lai yabil yax ulcob Espanolesob uai Cusamil tu yox mal, Fernando de Cortes _y_ Espoblaco Lara. A 28 de Febrero cuchi ca uliob Cusamilob u yax mal ahohelilob hahal u cibel than. Lai yabil cuchcob tu Chic[=h]en tah mak opile ti tun yax oheltabi u Chic[=h]een Ytza tumen noh Espanolesob D^n Fran^co de Montejo Adelantado, u halach uinicob ca [c]anob tu Chic[=h]en Ytza.

17. 1521 anos tu yoxlahunpiz u kinil agosto chucic u lumil Mexico tumen Espanolesob; uchci u yox katun tabalob[203-1] Espanolesob tumen cah tulacal uai tu cahal Cupule; cauthi katahob Ah Ceh Pech tu cimil Zalibna _y_ etahau Lenpot Tixkoc[=h]oh tu provinciail Ticanto _y_ yicnal ah Kinichkakmo Ytzmal u nup u than holtun Ake; lai yabil lae uchic u kuchul Espanolesob tu Chic[=h]een Ytza tu caten u he[c]ob u Chic[=h]en Ytza, ti ca uli Capitan D^n Fran^co de Montejo yahtohil yahtochil Naocom Cupul kuchal u cah. Hunkal hab yax kuchcob tu Chic[=h]en Ytza ti u kabahob ah makopilobe ah [c]u[c]opob.

18. 1542 anos lai hab ca u he[c]ahob lum Espanolesob ti Hich can Ziho chuncan u nup u than Kinich Kakmo ahkin _y_ Ahtutul Xiu yahaulil cabecera Mani u pol u meta u he[c]ahob yaxc[=h]ibalob, lai yax hoppic yocol patan tiob lae tu yoxten tun yulelob ta lumil, ca tun hunkul culhob, lae heklai culicob; helelae u hunten, ulcobe tu Chic[=h]en Ytzae ti u yax makahob oop, matech u makal lai oop, ca u makahop Espanolesob u kabatcob ahmakoopilob; u caten ulcobi tu Chic[=h]ene ca [204-1]u tocahob naobon Cupul; tu yoxten yulelobe ca tun hunkul culhiob lae lai yabil lae 1542 anos lai tun hunkul culhiob uai ti lum Ychcanzi hoo--yanilob, helelae oxlahun Kan ahcuchhab ti Maya xoclae.

19. 1543 anos lai yabil binci Espanolesob tet xaman Cheile u xachete Mayab uinicob u maseualtobe yoklal manan maseual uinic u palilob ti Ho; lai talob ti xache uinicob u maseualtob tu chi tun, ca kuchob ti Popce ti uch ban patan tiobi likulob ti Ho, cat kuchob ti Popce tu chi, ca ulob ca biniob Tikom, man ti kin yanhicobe te Tixkome ti humkal u kinil yanob ca lukabi lai Espanolesob.

20. Lae 1544 anos lai hab ca [c]an [c]ul Cauaca Asiesa u capitanil, ca [c]anoob te Cauacae ti u chi pach yumili [204-2]ti oki patan tiobi cab ulum ixim [c]abtiob tiob yan Cauacae, catun ca tu kalahob ti mascab ahkul Caamal tal Sisal ca tu kata u xocal cah tulacal, hun hab tialan ti mazcab tumenob, lai paye u bel Espanolesob ca taliob ti cahtal Sachi, heclai Ahkul Kamal lae lai oci ti batabil Saci Sisale D^n Juan Caamal de la Cruz u kabatah yoklal hach hahal u than, lai yax utzcit Cruz Cauacae, u yabi u than tumen [c]ulob, lae lai tumen lai ti oci ti batabil Sisal, ontkin ac u batabil cat cimil; lai ti pay u bel Espanolesob ca binob ti katun yah Tixkochnah; xane he [c]ulob lae hunppel hab [c]ananob Cauaca, lukob cat talob Saci hunkul hi u kal uinicob ti mazcab yilab batab Caamal.

21. Lae 1545 anos [c]ani [c]ulob Saci laix yabil hopp ti cristianoil tumen padresob orden de San Fran^co, te tu holhaa Champotone hali yax ulcob padresob u machmaob cahlohil ti Jehucristo tu kabob lai lic yezic ti maseual uinicob, cat yax ulob tu tu holhaa Chanpoton, lae te chikin uai tu cuchcabal u than uai Ichcansihoo, ti Hoo tu cahal Ichcansihoo lai u kaba; lai padresob hoppez Cristianoil uai ti cah peten Yucatan lae lai u kabaobe Fr. Juan de la Puerta _y_ Fr. Luis de Villarpando _y_ Fr. Diego de Becal _y_ Fr. Juan de Guerrero y Fr. Merchol de Benavente layob hoppes Cristianoil uai ti peten chikin lae ti mato tac Cristianoil uai Cupul; pachal hom to tac Cristianoil, baito bin cantic, ca bin hoppoc toon uai ti Cupule.

22. 1546 anos, lai hab ca uchi ahetzil[206-1] lae altose la tierra: 9 de Noviembre bol ulo de pasen 4 meses ca uchi tu bolonpis u kinil noviembre ti yabil de 1546 anos canppel u cinanil katun; lae ca zihi lae kuchi hunppel hab yalcab uinicob; ca tali u molicubaob tu caten ocol u cibal patan, ca zihi katune ulel u cibahob ahezobob tali chikin tabsic uinicob ca yutzcinah katun lae Etz Cunul _y_ Ah Camal talob chikin he [c]ul cimsabiobe catul mehen [c]ulob u camzah palil Mena ti cimob Chamaxe, ppatal u cibahob; ca talob Saci tohyol tulacal [c]ulob ca liki katun yokolob lae[206-2] tihi t tun u cimsabal; Ah Etz Camal Tipakan Ah Pakam tu cimilhi Surusano yokol Nicte; tumen u cahalobe hunppel akab hi u cimil [c]ul tumen uinicob lae kohan yooc _y_ u kaboob, ca bini tu kinil katun ti akab ti cah tulacal.

23. 1547 anos lai hab ca paxi u chem Exboxe Ecabe; ca bini Espanolesob bakzahticob u [c]ahob katun yok Boxte Ecabe ual Ekboxil.

24. Lae 1548 anos ulci padre Emitanyo Saci chumes[206-3] Cristianoil.

25. Lae 1550 anos mol ci cah tulacal tabal tal Manii.

26. 1551 anos ulci padre Guadian Fr. Fernando Guererro Saci Sisal lai oces haa tu hol uinicob lai chunbezob cristianoil uay tu cuch cabal Saci tulacal, tal chikin Cheel, tali Ecab, tali Cusamil, tali ti xaman, tali ti nohol, xan lai chunmes[207-1] u pakal monisterio Saci Sisal.

27. Lae 1552 anos lai hab cahciob padresob yokab cuchi; lai yabil ulcob ah canbesah _y_ kayob uai Zisale, talob chikin laobi canbez u kayob missa y bisperas ti canto de organo _y_ chul y cantolano ti hunkul ma ohelon uai cuchi.

Lae 1553 anos lai hab ca uli Oidor D. Tomas Lopes uai tal lumil Yucatan lae tali Castella ca uli tu [207-2]chibil tumen ca noh ahau Rey ahtepal de Castilla u yanton tu kab Espanolesob uaye, lai haues ca tocabal tumen Espanolesob, laix haues u chi on pek, laix ti chunmes u yanhal batabob ti cahal cah, ca tu [c]a u barail, laix ti [c]ai u takail patan xan oxppel u yocol patan ti Espanolesob yub te cib uluum ixim c[=h]oyche y sulbiltab _y_ yic, buul, yib cuum, xamach, ppuul, ca muc yoklal patan ta c yumil [c]ulil c beta ti matac oidor [c]aic u nucul bahunbal; lai uchci u c[=h]abal kul chuuc tumen AhMacan Pech ca lukon Sisal yoklal u katci ah chucil kulchuc, lae tumen lai toci u chucil Ah Ceh Pech uay Cupul, lae lai talic uai tu pach Ah kin Pech Macan Pech u palil Ahmacan Pech yetel u nacomob ti cab Yaxkukul lae.

28. De 1519 anos lai hab ca uli Espanolesob uai tac cahal Con ah Ytza uai ti lum Yucatan, lae lai cin chicilbesah u kinil, yuil _y_ yabil yan canal, Cen D^n Pablo Pech, u mehen en D^n Martin Pech, ti Xulcum Cheel, concixtadoren, uai lae Maxtunil yetel C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en, tal kamah ix [c]ulob tu uolol ca puczikal, maix ca [c]aab katun yah tiob laob lae D^n Juan de Montejo Adelantado y u chayanil capitanob bay yanil u kabaob ti libro; ton ix yax kamah Cristianoil concixtadores D^n Martin Pech u mehen D^n Fernando Pech, D^n Pablo Pech u mehen en D^n Martin Pech, hel tu yoxlahunpis u kinil u de Octubre de 1518, ocic ha tu holob in mektan cahilob ti hunmolhob Maxtunile, ti ocol ha tu polob tumen yax obispo D^n Fran^co Toral ti Maya uinicob; ca [208-1]oha tu polob men ca yum obispo lae cat [208-2]es sabi u uinbail santo tiob cahob tulacal u uinbail S. Pedro _y_ S. Pablo y S. Juan, y S. Luis _y_ S. Antonio _y_ S. Miguel _y_ S. Francisco _y_ S. Alonso y S. Agustin y S. Sebastian y S. Diego, ca u [208-3][c]ibotahob oleos ca u kabatah P^o yan c[=h]a oleos.

29. Lay u kahlail tulacal lae tin hun molcinzah uay ti librose uchebal u nuctic uba uinicob himac bin oltic yohelto u [c]oc lukanil yanomal ca noh ahau Dios uchac tumen tusinile.--U patanil hibic ulci Espanolesob uay tac lumil lae tumen u yolat ca yumil ti Dios ahtepal uay ti peten; lae baix u than ca yum Senor D^n Juan de Montejo y D. Fran^co de Monte lay yax ulob uai tac lumil lae laix tu [c]ah u thanil u cumtal iglesia ti [c]ucen[c]ucil cahob u hol cababob y yotoch cah u kuna ca yum noh ahau bay u cah mensone u yotoch ah na mulbeobe[209-1].

30. Bay xan cu yalic ca noh yum Ah Naum Pech D^n Fran^co de Montejo Pech y D^n Juan Pech lai u kabaob ca oci haa tu holob tumen padresob y adelantado lay capitan hi layob ulob uai ti lume Yocolpeten, hek lai kabanzabi ti Yucatanil tumen ca yax yumob Espanolesob lae baix bin u patcantic ca yum Espanolesob, hebic u beltahob, caxtu yalah binil hunkul cuxlacon tumen Dios, caix ti yubah Maya uinicob heklay u kabaob lae, ca tu yalah Naum Pech ti u mektan cahil ti [c]u[c]ucencil:--"Oheltex, talel u cah hunabku, ti peten heklai hahal Diose, u chicul hahal Dios; binex cuxlac, ca cici kamex, ma a [c]aicex katun yokolob ca pas ma u hanalob _y_ yukalob ixim, cax, uluum, cab, buul u hanalob yoklal [210-1]u colcah ti Cristianoil lai u palil ton Dios;" bay tun cibahob mamac [c]ai katun caix tu likzahubaob ca bin u yan teob Espanolesob tu concixtob tu yet xinbal tahob [c]ulob.

31. Bay xan he Nachi Cocom ti cahan tu holcacab Sutuytae tu chuccabal Chic[=h]en Ytzae heklay kabansabi Chic[=h]en Ytzaile he Ah Cohuot Cocome tu yantah u than Dios _y_ ca noh ahau tu luksah u [210-2]ponob u banderasob, utia ca noh ahau utial conquixta _y_ adelantado _y_ yum padre clerigo tu cuch cahil xan maix u [c]a yah katun u lukzahubaob ichilob kaxahob kunal _y_ yotoch cah tu cuchteelob.

32. Hex Na[c]i Mabun Chane culhi tu ca cabil u natatah bicil talel u cah hunkul cuxtal yoltah u kububaob ti Dios tu hahil Ah Catzimob _y_ AhChulimob tu chuccabil Manil, _y_ Ah Tutul Yiu hex uay ti lakin Chel _y_ Tan Cupulob hex ti Campeche Na[c]acab Canul; bay [c]a lukanhi u tan hahil Dios uay ti peten uay tu lumil Sacuholpatal Sacmutix tun, Ah Mutule, Tunal Pech culhi uay ti cah lae.

33. He Ah Naum Peche uay u payahe mehenob caix ti yalah:--"Oheltex, hun ynix u kaba kin ahbalcab bin uluk ahlikin cabob hun mexob Ahpul tu chicul hunabku ti peten ca xicex ti kam bu hahil asilex[211-1]:" bay tan binciob tu xinbalob yalan che yalan haban, ca kuchiob tu tancabal Na[c]aycab Canule Campech, ca yalahob:--"Hele tac u yulel a uula, Ah Na[c]acab Canule, caxti kam tuzebal la umen;" yalab lae ca tipp u chemob tu hol u kaknabil Campech, caix ti [211-2]yalahob ca yumtah banderasob sasacpon, ca ulon pixtahob Adelantado caix katabitiob tumen lai Cristianoob Adelantado uatub ocahalob ichil Castellano than, matan u natob ca uchen nucahob than:--"matan c ubah than;" ci u thanob caix alabi Yucatanilob uay tu lumil cutz tu lumil ceh.

34. Bay tun binciob capitanesob _y_ ca yum Adelantado D^n Fran^co de Montejo lay tu beltah u yabal ppis _y_ kuuch utial muse utial bucoh [c]imin[211-3] tumen binel u cibahob tu cahal Manii yicnal Ahtutul Xiu: ca kuchob Yiba caniob Yibae, kuchob Nohcacab likul tal Becal, bay tun manciob Espanolesob ca kuchob Mani yicnal Tutul Xiu caix ti uacuntabic nacon Ikeb nacon Caixicum nacon Chuc lay bin xic u paye Ah Cuat Cocom; lay tun u chun u culcintabal [211-4]ahactan ob tumen u cuchulob ca lukzabi u uichob yalan nohoch [211-5]yacatun sa bin tal pulbil huntul lay ma lukzabi u uich ti yacatun sabin, luksabi u uich ca [c]a be ti ca bin nacpalancal ti yicnal Adelantado Manii, caix ualkahi yah pululob tu cahal Cuuat Cocom; catun liki Ah Naum Pech _y_ tu catulilob xic u talez Ah Cuat Cocom; cu kuchulob, ca yalah ti Naun Pech bicil ma yilahi maix yabahi ca yalah bicil ti binan tu Chic[=h]en Ytzae tuzebal tal ci tu cail tumen Ahpechob, ca kuchob Manil kube u c[=h]asahob tusebal u yalci Ah Cocom ma yilah bal uch tu cahal caix [c]ab u chucil ti cabin u chucob mac u beltahlobe.

35. Baix tun tal ci Ahpech tu cahalob yila u mektan cahilob uinicilobe baytun talciob hex cat tal [c]ulob tumen bin uchci u cimsabal [c]uul ti cah tumen u cuchulob, catun manobca biniob yicnal Ah Batun Pech Cay Chel, lay tun yilahobe ca manob ca binob Maxtunil yicnal Machi May _y_ tun Ah Macan Pech; bai tun ualkahciob tu lumilob tu mektan cahilob tu Yaxkukule; lai D^n Pablo Pech Ah Macan Cam Pech tumenel halach uinic lai mektanmail tulacal lai uay ti chi kin lae yoklal maix u lukul yol nacomob, tulacal bayxan lay tumen culcinaben in canant lay cacab C[=h]ac Xubub C[=h]en lae tumenel maseneal uinicob lae tan u [212-1]sa uinolabob lai tumen [212-2]chic u nakci u yolah Dios ti cahob.

36. Lae hex lay ytoria lae tulacal tux manel S^r Espanolesob _y_ kubabaob yax padresob, _y_ u kaba yax [c]ulob bin [c]oloc[213-1] tumen lai u [c]ilibal, lae yoklal mentahan utial yoheltabal bic uchic concixta, uabic numya tu mansahob uay yalan chee yalan aak yalan haban, ichil lay hab lae _y_ u cha yan yax uinicob mehentzilob hancabob yoklal manal cappel oxppel hab cahanob ta muktun u [c]ablahal cahob tumen ca yumil [c]ulilob, lae ta muktun u ppizil cahob u ppizil u kaxilob cahob tumen Oidor Tomas Lopes yan sedula tu kabob tumen ca noh Ahau utial tun xotlahal kaxob ti mac cu cahtalob, ti ma yanac cahob cuchi tumen te zihnalon be nae tulacalob, ti cu halach uinicil Naum Pech cuchi, ti ma uluc [c]ulob he[c]ic Cristianoil uay ti lum cuchi, he tun cat kuchi u kinil u yulah uay ti peten, lae cat ul [c]ulob uai ti lum Yucatan lae, ca binon kameob tumen u zahacil ca puczikal, cat [c]oci Cristianoil uay ti lum lae cat [c]ablahon canante cacabob, ti ma yanac S^a Yglesia cuchi, cat hau u cahil lay bena lae ma cah.

37. Helelae lay u chun in patcantic hen cex bin uchic u yuchul concixta bahun numya t mansah _y_ S^r Espanolesob yoklal maya uinicob cuchi matan yolte ukuubaob ti Dios, ten tun cen D. Pablo Pech tin tzolah u xicinob ti cacab Maxtunil.

38. Bay tan matan culhani catun emon ti cacab C[=h]ac Xulub C[=h]en, [c]oci tun u Cumtal S^a iglesia, lae ca tun ppisah ca ppisbi tu [c]utpach cahlahbal yanumal in mehenob u chen cimic yokolcab, tumen ma u macan tu baltiob[214-1] tumen Maya uinicob, ma u manbal cuntabalob u c[=h]inal hen cex bax tu [c]ahton ca yumil ti Dios tumen u zahacil puczikale, lay tumen [c]ab u chucil ton tumen ca noh ahau Rey Ahtepal _y_ catun cumcintah S^a iglesia utial kultic ca yumil ti Dios _y_ yotoch cah tu lakin iglesia u kuna ca noh Ahau yetel meson.

39. Bay xan licix in betic in uotoch pakil na tu xaman iglesia; ma u yalic Maya uinicob ua utialtob tu kinil, lay tumen ci chicilbezic hebix in mentah mailobe _y_ yum D^n Pablo Pech Ah Macan Pech, y in yum D^n Martin Pech Ah kom Pech, _y_ in yum D^n Ambrosio Pech Op Pech ix u Maya kaba y Yxkil Ytzam Pech y D^n Estevan Pech Ahkulul Pech.

40. Tac kamah u noh comisionil u ppiz kaxob, tu [c]ah u licenciail ca noh Ahau Rey ahtepal ti ca yumil yax Oidor Tomas Lopes utial ca u [c]a nucte u than ton utial ca ppizic u pach ca tocoynail he tux cahantacob uay uay tu pach cahal utial ca utzac oheltic tux cu manel u ppizil ca luumil utial kilacabob utial u tzenticubaob u [c]aic u hanalob ca encomenderosob, lay oklal cin [c]aic u juramentoil tu tanil tulacal uinicob lay informacion lae u hahil cu yilicob u tocoynailob tu xma yocol u yanal tocoynail, lay oklal [c]aic u hahil.

41. Heix macx yax encomendero uay ti cacab C[=h]aac Xulub C[=h]en lae D^n Julian Donsel encomendero hi uay ti cacah lae ca tu yalah ti batab caxicob u [c]abob u chicul chi kax u luumob uay tu pach u mektan cahil; yoklal tan u ppizil u chi lumob u chi kaxob ti lakin, ti nohol, ti chikin, tulacal hen cex max cu cahtalob, tumen [c]octun u he[c]el Cristianoil uay ti lume C[=h]aac Xulub C[=h]een, _y_ lix cacilech u yum Santiago patron ah canan cah utial D^n Pablo Pech.

CONQUEST AND MAP.

1. The fifth division of the 11th Ahau Katun was placed when the Spaniards arrived and settled the city of Merida; it was during the 9th Ahau that Christianity was introduced; the year in which first came our lords the Spaniards here to this land was the

year 1511.

2. I, who am Nakuk Pech, of the first hidalgos conquistadores here in this land in the district Maxtunil, I am placed in the first town in the district Chac Xulub Chen. As thus it is given me to guard by my lord Ah Naum Pech, I wish to compose carefully the history and chronicle of the district of Chac Xulub Chen here, my first command, the town having two districts, Chichinica and, here, Chac Xulub Chen.

3. My name was Nakuk Pech before I was baptized, son of Ah Kom Pech, Don Martin Pech, of the town of Xul Kum Chel; thus we were given the districts to guard by our lord Ah Naum Pech from the town Mutul, and I was promoted to guard the district Chac Xulub Chen; when our lords, the Spaniards, did not pass nor come here to this land Yucatan, I was then governor here in this town, here in this land, Chac Xulub Chen. When our lord, the Senor Adelantado came here to this province in the year 1519, I was head chief; when the Spaniards came here to the land of Maxtunil we received them with loving attention; we also first gave them tribute and respect, and then we gave to eat to the Spanish captains; he who was called Adelantado came here to Maxtunil to the dwelling of Nachi May; then we went to see that they should be given pleasures; they did not even enter the towns, not even visited the towns; they were here in this land for three months, being placed here in the district of Maxtunil; then they departed and went to begin a seaport, the seaport [C]ilam, and remained there three years and a half.

4. They were there when my father went to make delivery to them; he called the Adelantado returned here to this land; the maid servant named Ixkakuk was presented to them by my father to give them food and wait upon them; and they were there when they were attacked by the Cupuls; and they departed, and went to live at Ecab Kantanenkin, as is called the land where they settled; they were there when they were attacked by those of Ecab, and they departed and arrived at Cauaca, which they entered, and passed to the town [C]ekom, as the town is called; they passed it and arrived at the town Tixcuumcuuc, so-called; and they departed from there and arrived at the town called Tinuum; and then they all set out in search of Chichen Itza, so-called; there they asked the King of the town to meet them, and the people said to them; "There is a King, O Lord," they said, "there is a King, Cocom Aun Pech, King Pech, Namox Chel, King Chel, of [C]i[c]antun; foreign warrior, rest in these houses," they said to them, by the Captain Cupul. They departed from Chichen Itza and arrived with King Ixcuat Cocom of Ake; "Lords, you cannot go, you will lose yourselves," was said to them by the King Ixcuat Cocom, and they turned back again, and went and arrived at Cauaca for the second time, and they reached the seaport called Catzun, where they marched by the sea, and went and returned to [C]elebnae, as it is called, where they first settled when they first came to this land.

5. They remained in Chanpatun six years, when they went forth to Campeche; he, called the Adelantado, the first Spaniard, passed here to this land; they were at Campeche when they asked tribute; according to orders by the chiefs to all the villages there was tribute. They passed on by the sea (asking) for tribute to be brought to them. Then I went with my companions Ah Macan Pech and his younger brother Ixkil Ytzam Pech, the king of the town Cumkal, and my father, who was in the town Xulcumcheel; these were my companions when I went back for the tribute; they saw it; also Nachi May accompanied us, because he knew that he (the Adelantado), did not know the language; because they first stayed at his house when they came, and for this reason they spoke to him to accompany them when they went after the tribute, because he was a friend to the Spaniards when it (the tribute) was delivered to the captains; from them we received coats and cloaks and shoes and rosaries and hats, and had much pleasure from the captains; we left when the Spaniards had ended giving these gifts; already we had our clothes when we arrived, the coats and cloaks (we) Ixkil Ytzam Pech of Conkal, our companions Ah Macan Pech of YaxKukul, and my father Ah Kom Pech, who were the greatest of us.

6. And I Nakuk Pech by name was head chief when they first delivered tribute, when we went to Campech to deliver tribute, and we came back when the Spaniards coming on the road from Campech came to the towns to dwell at Ichcanzihoo, the city of Merida; and when it was heard that the Spaniards were coming on the road from Campech we went to give them gifts, and I went the second time to deliver tribute. And I Nakuk Pech of this district of Chac Xulub Chen, and Ah Macom Pech of the district Yan Kukul, and Ixkil Ytzam Pech the head chief of Conkal, and also I Nakuk Pech, chief here in the town Chac Xulub Chen, entered into giving gifts to them a second time at [C]ibikal, and they wished an abundance a second time, and they were given gifts, pheasants, and honey, and sweet food at [C]ibilkal, when they came to settle at Merida; Don Francisco de Montejo, first Captain General, first came here to this land, to Merida, with Don Francisco de Bracamonte and Francisco Tamayo and Juan de Pacheco and Perarberes; these captains came in the year 1541.

7. In the year when these captains who commanded came to Merida to settle, then I, Ix Nakuk Pech, was chief, and when the Spaniards came to Merida, I paid tribute to the conquerors at Merida, as I was then chief here in the district Chac Xulub Chen, Roderigo Alvarez being Secretary in the year 1542.

8. When the Adelantado made the distribution of towns to the conquerors by the captains, and the Secretary Roderigo Alvarez wrote out the list of tributes according to each division of the towns, all my companions and kinsmen paid tribute, sufficient tribute according to the division of tribute to the Spaniards which the Adelantado made by the captains, and the Secretary Roderigo Alvarez, in the first year the Spaniards came to Merida; and I, Nakuk Pech, was taken and given to Don Julian Doncel the Encomendero, the first lord of the town Chac Xulub Chen, the first Encomendero, and my hand was given him by the captain Don Francisco de Montejo, and I was given for a chief to Don Julian Doncel, in his hand, and I began to take tribute for the holy fathers.

9. And I, Nakuk Pech, was thus chief when Alvarez, the first Alcalde Mayor, came to this province Yucatan, to Merida, and when Alvara de Carvayor was Alcalde Mayor; and when the Auditor Thomas Lopez came I was chief, and I was called Ix Nakuk Pech, and when I entered the water and received baptism, I was called Don Pablo Pech; and I ceased to be called Nakuk Pech; we first chiefs were created hidalgos by the captains when possession was first taken of this province, and we first paid tribute to the foreigners, and possession was given to us by God and the ruling king; and our descendants are hidalgos, and all our sons, until the time shall come when the world shall end; and we chiefs were rulers in this land when there was no Holy Church in the districts, and before the Spaniards began to march over the country, or to congregate together in order to worship; and formerly, when the men were not Christians, I ruled wholly the men, and when I received Christianity I, Nakuk Pech, I was a chief; and I received the Holy Oils and the Holy Faith in order that I might teach it to all my subjects; and I was also the first to receive the rod of the justicia, because I went to aid the Word of God and our great Lord the ruling king; then our Lord, the Auditor Don Thomas Lopez, was the first who divided the tribute of the chiefs according to the towns they occupied; and when the tribute was satisfactorily finished by the governorship of the Auditor Don Thomas Lopez, I gave my rod to my son Don Pedro Pech, in the year 1552.

10. This was the number of the year when I received the rod from my father, Nakuk Pech, Don Pablo Pech and of Ursula Pech, here in this town of Chac Xulub Chen, to serve God and our great ruler, the reigning king, in order that I may govern the town at this place Chac Xulub Chen.