Chapter V: The Chief Katuns (3)

The derivation of the name Yucatan here given is interesting, for several reasons. In the first place, it makes it evident that Pech did not believe it was an abbreviation of Yucalpeten (see ante, page 255). Again, although it has very often been stated that the name arose from a misunderstanding of some native words by the Spaniards, there has been no uniformity of opinion as to what these words were. Several of the phrases suggested have been such as have no meaning in the Maya tongue; (see full discussions of the question in Eligio Ancona, _Historia de Yucatan_, Vol. I, pp. 219, 220, and Crescencio Carrillo, _Historia Antigua de Yucatan_, cap. V.) As given by Pech it is perfectly intelligible and good Maya. Without syncope it would be "_Matan ca ubah a than_" shortened to "_Ma c'ubah than_,[TN-36] "We do not understand your speech." Pech is in error, however, in supposing that the name arose on the arrival of Montejo; it was in use immediately after the expedition of Cordova (1517), and if Bernal Diaz was correct in his recollection, was applied to the land by the Indians Cordova brought back to Cuba with him from the Bay of Campeachy. (See Bernal Diaz, _Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de Nueva Espana_, cap. VII.)

34. This is no doubt the same occurrence which is described at considerable length by Cogolludo, _Hist. de Yucatan_, Lib. III, cap. VI. But the details differ very much and the names of the messengers and the chief to whom they were sent are not identical. I believe this discrepancy can be explained, but it would extend this note too far to go into the subject here. The word _yacatunzabin_, which Avila renders "en dicha cueva," seems a compound of _y_, _actun_, _zabin_. The last is the name of the weasel; _actun_ means both a cave and a stone house. By some it is supposed to be a compound of _ac_, tortoise, and _tun_, stone, a cave resembling a hollow tortoise shell.

35. _Yoklal maix u lukul yol nacomob_, "porque no se cansaban los capitanes" (Avila).

36. Pech adds a list of the names of Conquistadores which I have not inserted, as it is less complete than that found in Cogolludo.

39. _Ma u manbal cuntahbalob u c[=h]inal_; Avila translates this "that they shall not destroy"; but the word _cuntahbal_, from _cun_, _cumtah_, means that which is to be enchanted, and _c[=h]inal_ is the throwing of stones. I suppose, therefore, it refers to some act of shamanism the design of which was to injure a neighbor.

FOOTNOTES:

[190-1] See his _Informe acerca de las Ruinas de Mayapan y de Uxmal_

[191-1] "<sc>Chijcxulub</sc>: poner los cuernos; hacer cabron a uno: _u chiicah bin u xulub u lak_; diz que puso los cuernos a su companero o proximo; que se aprobecho de su muger o manceba," _Diccionario de Motul, MS._

[194-1] Tekom.

[195-1] nacon Cupul.

[196-1] matanon.

[196-2] Tipikal.

[198-1] hauah.

[201-1] cochlahal.

[201-2] yokolcab.

[202-1] tzolic.

[202-2] xanhi.

[202-3] utznac.

[203-1] tubalob.

[204-1] yotochob nacon.

[204-2] tiobi.

[206-1] ahe[c]il.

[206-2] tiihil.

[206-3] chunbez.

[207-1] chunbez.

[207-2] chabil.

[208-1] ociha.

[208-2] ezabil.

[208-3] [c]iboltahob.

[209-1] mulbaobe.

[210-1] ocol cah.

[210-2] panob.

[211-1] a--ciil--ex.

[211-2] yilahob.

[211-3] tzimin.

[211-4] ahactunob.

[211-5] actunzabin.

[212-1] [c]a uinalalob.

[212-2] chiic.

[213-1] tzoloc.

[214-1] beltahob.

VOCABULARY.

A

Ac, n. A turtle; a turtle shell.

Actun, n. (From _ac_, turtle shell, _tun_, stone.) A cave; a stone house.

Ah, A prefix signifying possession or action; also sign of masculine. See pp. 28, 57.

Ahau, n. (From _ah_, prefix, and _u_, collar? See p. 57.) A ruler, chief, king; a period of time.

Ahbalcab, n. The coming dawn. "Quiere amanescer." _Dicc. Motul._

Ahez, n. (From _ah_, prefix, _ezah_, to show, to feign.) A sorcerer, magician.

Ahkin, n. (From _ah_, and _kin_, the sun, day, etc.) A priest.

Ahkulel, n. (From _ah_ and _kulel_, to arrange business, etc.) A lieutenant, deputy. pp. 27, 247.

Ahoni, n. Well-dressed persons. p. 173.

Ahpul, n[TN-37] One who carries or bears.

Ahpulul, n. He or that which is carried or brought.

Ahtepal, n. A ruler, governor.

Ahtohil, n. A lover of justice; a righteous man.

Ahuitzil, n. Mountaineers. p. 131.

Ak, n. Osiers, willow branches. "Ramo de miembre." Pio Perez. _Dicc._

Akab, n. Night, the night time.

Al, n. Son or daughter of a woman. _Yal_, her son.

Alah, v[TN-38] pres. _alic_, fut. _alab_. To speak, say, tell, order.

Alau, A numeral. p. 46.

Anahte.[TN-39] n. A book. p. 64.

Atan, n. Wife.

Auat, v. aor. _autah_, fut. _aute_. To shout, to sing. "Dar gritos."

B

Bahun, adv. How much.

Bak, n.
1. Meat, flesh; the private parts.
2. The number 400.
3. The turn of a rope around anything.
4. In composition, an intensive particle, or conveys the idea of
enveloping with cords.

Bal _or_ Baal, n. Thing, business, matter.

Balam, n. A tiger; a priest. p. 69.

Baalcah, n. The town and its inhabitants; the world. "El mundo con los que en el viven." _Dicc. Motul._

Ban _or_ Banban, adv. Much, too much.

Batab, n. Chief, ruler. See p. 26.

Be _or_ Bel, n. A path, a road; a business; condition; history.

Beltah _or_ Beel _or_ Betah, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To do, to make.

Binel, v. irreg. aor. _bini_, fut. _binxic_. To go.

Bolon, Nine.

Botah, v. To pay.

Buc, n. Covering, clothing.

Buluc, Ten.

Buul, n. A broad bean.

C

Ca, adv. Then, when.
conj. And.
pron. We.
adj. Two.

Caan, n. The sky, the heavens.

Cab, n.
1. Land, earth. p. 106.
2. Honey; a hive.

Cacab, n. A town and the land belonging to it; a township, commune.

Cah, n. A town, village.

Cah, part. A suffix and sign of the present and imperfect tenses, p. 29.

Cahal, n. A town, village.
v. To reside, live in or at.

Cahtal, v. aor. _cahlahi_, f. _calac_. To live, dwell, reside.

Cal, n. Throat, neck; voice; in compos. an intensive particle.

Calab, A numeral. p. 45.

Cambezah, v. To teach, to instruct.

Can, n.
1. Conversation, talk.
2. The generic name for serpents.
3. The number four.
4. A gift or present.

Can, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To converse, to tell stories. aor. _ah_, fut. e[TN-40]. To teach, to impart information; to give another a contagious disease.

Can, part. in compos. Strongly, powerfully, as _cankax_, to tie very firmly.

Canantah, v. To watch, to guard over.

Canlaahal, v. To learn about.

Caputzihil, n. Baptism (_ca_, twice, _zihil_, to be born; an ancient word; see Landa, _Relacion_, p. 144).

Catac, conj. And; used to connect numerals. p. 49.

Caten, adv. The second time. _Tu caten_, for the second time. (From _ca_, _two_.)

Catul, adv. Two. _Tu catulli_, both, the two.

Caua, conj. And, then.

Cax, n. A fowl, a hen.

Caxan, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To seek, to find, to hunt for.

Caxtun, adv. Then, be it so, thus.

Ceh, n. A deer.

Cen, v. irreg. aor. _cihi_, fut. _ciac_. To say, to tell.

Ci, Cici, part. These prefixes mean pleasant, agreeable; originally, what is pleasant to taste.

Cibah, v. aor. _cibhi_, fut. _cibic_. To wish, to permit, to dare. _U cibah ua a yum._ Did your father permit it?

Cicithan, n. (From _cici_, pleasant, _than_, words.) Words of love or blessing.

Ciciol, n. (From _cici_ and _ol_.) Joy, pleasure, peace, happiness.

Cii, n. The pulque liquor. See p. 22.

Cill, n. Delight, pleasure.

Cilich, adj. Saintly, holy.

Cob, v. 3d pl. pres. indic. of _cen_.[TN-41]

Cimil, v. To die.

Coch, in comp. Conveys the notion of extending or broadening.

Cochhal _or_ Cochlahal, v. To make broad, to extend, to spread out.

Cuch, n.
1. Position, place.
2. Burden, load; _met_. sin.
3. Goods, possessions, treasures.

Cuch, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_.
1. To carry, to bear along.
2. To govern a town or state.

Cuchcabal, n. A province, region; the family, people or subjects of one ruler.

Cuchhab, n. The year-bearer or Dominical sign. p. 52.

Cuchi. Sign of past tense. p. 29.

Cuchul, n. The family or retainers of one person. "La familia o gente que uno tiene en su casa." _Dicc. Motul._

Cul, n. A vase or cup.

Culcinah, v. To appoint, to promote, to establish; _culcintahaan_, appointed or promoted to an office or dignity.

Cultal _or_ Cutal, v. aor. _culhi_, fut. _culac_. To sit down, remain, be present, be at home, etc.

Culul _or_ Cuulul _or_ Culicil, v. To rest or stop; to reside, to settle down.

Cum _or_ Cuum, n. A vase, jar.

Cumcintah, v. To prepare for use, to put in order. Probably a form of _culcinah_.

Cumlaahaal, v. To stop, to check.

Cumtal, v. aor. _lahi_, fut. _ac_. To set up, to put in a place.

Cun _or_ Cunah _or_ Cunal, n. Enchantment, sorcery, conjury. _Au ohel ua_ u _cunal c[=h]uplal?_ Do you know the conjury of a woman? _Dicc. Motul_ (_i. e._, to make her submit to the will of a man).

Cuntabal, Passive supine; from _cunah_, to conjure.

Cutz, n. The wild turkey,[TN-42]

Ch.

Chac, n. Water, rain, a giant, a god.
adj. red. In comp. much or very.

Chacaan, n. Something plain, open, visible.

Chacanhal, v. To become visible, to show itself.

Chahal, v. To lose strength, to weaken.

Chakan, n. A savanna. p. 125.

Chapahal, v. To sicken.

Chayanil, n. The rest, the remainder.

Che, n. A tree; wood; _adj._[TN-43] wooden.

Chem, n. A boat, a ship.

Chen, adv. Solely, only, merely.

Chenbel, adv. Vainly, fruitlessly.

Chi, n. The mouth; a border, limit, edge; a bite, as _u chi pek_, the bite of a dog. verb, to bite, to eat.

Chicilbezah, v. To set landmarks, to point out.

Chichcunah, v. To strengthen, to fortify.

Chichcunahthan, v. To support another's words, to agree with, to act in concert with. p. 107.

Chicul, n. A sign, mark, token.

Chikin, n. The West.

Chicpahal, v. aor. _pahi_, fut. _pahac_. To find, to discover, to recover that which is lost; "parecer lo perdido." Pio Perez, _Dicc._

Chilan, n. An interpreter, p. 69.

Chin, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To stone, to throw stones at.

Chin, adj. A term of endearment.

Chinchin, v. To incline, lean over, be out of line.

Choy, n. A bucket; _choyche_, a wooden bucket.

Chuuc _or_ Chuc, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To grasp, seize, to take possession of.

Chucan, n. Completeness, sufficiency, abundance.

Chuccabil, n. A province, district.

Chul, n. A flute.

Chulub, n. Rain water; reservoirs.

Chun, n. Foundation; trunk (of a tree); beginning; cause.

Chunbezah, v. To cause, to occasion, to begin.

Chunthan, n. (From _chun_, first, _than_; speech, he who speaks first.) A principal, a presiding officer.

C[=h]

C[=h]aa, _or_ C[=h]taab, v. aor. _c[=h]aah_, fut. _chae_.
1. To take, to carry; to carry off; hence to kill.
2. To recover that which is lost.

C[=h]ahucil or[TN-44] C[=h]uhucil, n. Sweets.

C[=h]een, n. Lowland; well. pp. 33, 125.

C[=h]ibal, n. Lineage, generation.

C[=h]uplal, n. Woman, girl.

C[=h]uytab, v. To hang.

E

Et, A particle indicating similitude. As a verb, to hold alike in the
two hands. Hence,
_eta_, friend;
_etel_, companion;
_etan_, wife;
_etcah_, fellow townsman;
_yetel_, and, with, etc.

Ez, n. Enchanter, sorcerer.

Ezah, v. To show, to make public; to imitate, feign.
_Ezabil_, what is to be or should be shown or published.

H

Haa, n. Water.

Haab, n. Year. p. 50.

Haban, n. Branch, twig. p. 126.

Hach, adv. Much, very.

Hahal, adj. and adv. True, truly.

Halach, adj, and n. True, truth;
_halach than_, an oath;
_halach uinic_. p. 26.

Halal, n. The cane.

Hanal, v. aor. _hani_, fut. _hanac_. To eat.

Haual, v. aor. _haui_, fut. _hauac_. To cease, to stop.

Hayal, v. To level with the ground, to destroy; from _hay_, thin, flat; hence _hayalcab_, the final end and destruction of the world.

He[c] _or_ E[c], v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To fix firmly, to establish, to found; to select a site.

He[c]cab, v. To fix or establish promptly; "poner o afirmar o asentar de presto alguna cosa que quede ferme." _Dicc. Motul._

Hic[=h]cal, v. To tie up by the neck, to hang.

Hi[c] _or_ Hi[c]il, n. The close or last of the week, month, or year, as _u hi[c]il buluc ahau katun_, the last day of the eleventh Ahau katun. _Chilan Balam._

Ho, adj. Five.

Hokol, v. aor. _hoki_. To set out for, to go out from; of seeds, to sprout; of the beard, etc., to begin to grow.

Hokzahuba, v. To take oneself away from.

Hol, n. The end of anything, hence the door of a house, the gate of a town, the mouth of a bag or jar, a hole, an aperture; verb, sensu obscoeno, to seduce a girl, to penetrate her. _Dicc. Motul._

Holcan, n. A warrior;
adj. brave, valiant.

Holhaa, n. A seaport. See _haa_.

Holpay, n. A seaport. See _pay_.

Holpop, n. A chieftain (from _hol_ and _pop_, mat); "he who is at the end or head of the mat."

Hom, n. A trumpet.

Hoppol, v. To begin.

Hun, adj. One.

Hunakbu, n. The one God.

Hunkul, adv. Once and forever, really, permanently.

Hunmol, adj. United together, congregated in one place[TN-45]

Hunten, adv. On one occasion, at one time.

Huun, n. A book. p. 63.

I.

Ich, n.
1. Face; eyes; twins; surface.
2. Fruit; longing; color.

Ich, prep. In, into, within.

Ilah v. aor. _ilah_, fut. _ile_.[TN-46] or _ilab_. To see, to look at, to visit, to test, to try.

Ix, fem. prefix. See page 28;
conj. and also n. urine.

Ixim, n. Maize.

Ixmehen, n. A daughter.

K.

Kaan, n. A measure. p. 27.

Kab, n. The hand, the arm.

Kaba, n. A name. See p. 26.

Kabanzah, v. To give a name.

Kah, n. Pinole, meal of roasted maize, used for stirring in water to drink.

Kahal, v. To remember, recall.

Kahlay, n. Memory, memorial, record.

Kak, n. Fire; also a febrile disease.

Kaknab, n. The sea, the ocean.

Kal, n. A score. p. 39;
verb, to imprison.

Kam _or_ Kamah, v. To accept, receive; to take possession of.

Kan, adj. Yellow.
n. The name of the first day of the Maya month.

Kat, v. To wish, to desire. To ask, to ask for, to inquire.

Katun, n. A body of warriors; a period of time. p. 58.

Kax, n. Forest, woods.

Kaxah, v. To join, unite, tie together.

Kay _or_ Kayah, v. To sing.

Keban, n. Sin, evil.

Kebanthan, v. To plot evil, to calumniate; to commit treason; "kebanthanil, traicion." _Dicc. Motul._

Kilacale, n. Ancestors.

Kin, n. The sun; a day; time.

Kinchil. A numeral. p. 46.

Koch _or_ Kooch, v. To carry on the shoulders as a burden, hence, _fig._ n. obligation, fault, sickness.

Kohan, n. Sickness.

Ku, n. God, divinity.

Kubulte, n. Delivery, deposit.

Kuchul, v. aor. _kuchi_, fut. _kuchuc_. To arrive, to come to.

Kul, in comp. much, very; _kulvinic_. pp. 133, 164.

Kuna, n. (From _ku_, god, _na_, house). A temple, a church.

Kuuch, n. Cotton threads.

Kuxil, n. Aversion, disgust, annoyance;
verb, to feel disgust at.

Kuyan, adj. Consecrated to God, holy.

L

Lahal, v. To finish, to end.

Lahca. Twelve.

Lahun. Ten. p. 38.

Lai _or_ Lay, rel. and dem. pron. This, that, these, those, which, what, etc.

Lak, n. Companion, neighbor.

Lic _or_ Licil, rel. In which, by which.

Likil, v. To rise, to raise; as _likil katun_, to begin war.

Likin _or_ Lakin, n. The East.

Likul, prep. From, out of.

Likzah, v. To lift up, to raise; _likzahuba_, to raise oneself.

Loh, v. To redeem, to set at liberty.

Lohil, n. The Redeemer, the Saviour.

Lukanil, n. That which is set apart or separated.

Lukul, v. aor. _luki_, fut. _lukuc_. To leave a place, to depart from, go out of.

Lukzah, v. To free, to separate from; _lukzahuba_, to quit, to abstain from.

M

Ma, adv. No, not. From this are the negatives, _matan_, not, emphatic; _mato_, _matac_, _maina_, not even; _maix_, _matla_, neither; _mamac_, no one; _manan_, without, etc.

Mac, rel. pron. Who.

Maccah, v. To obstruct, close up roads, etc.
Hence _macan_ p. p. p. that which is obstructed.

Mach, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To take with the hand, to hold in the hand.

Mactzil, adj. Marvelous, miraculous; n. a miracle, an act of Providence. (From _mac_, most, and _tzibil_, to be obeyed or reverenced.)

Mak, v. To eat soft things, to eat without chewing.

Mal _or_ Malel, v. aor. _mani_, fut. _manac_. To pass.

Manak, n. A sign or mark.

Manal, adv. Too much, in excess.

Manbal, adv. Nothing.

Mat, v. To receive, obtain.

Maya, n. Derivation of. p. 16.

Mayacimil, n. The pestilence. p. 132.

Mazcab, n. A prison, gaol.

Mazeual, n. Vassal, servant. Nahuatl, _maceualli_.

Mehen, n. A son.

Mek, n. An armful, hence

Mektantah, _or_ Mektanma, v. To hold in one's power, to rule, govern.

Mektancah, n. Jurisdiction, municipality.

Mektanmail, n. A ruler, governor.

Mentah, v. To make, manufacture.

Menyah, v. To work, serve.
n. Work, service.

Met, n. A wheel. p. 86.

Mex _or_ Meex, n. The beard.

Meyah, v. To serve, to labor for one.

Minantal, v. p. p. minaan.[TN-47] To lack, to be absent or wanting, not to have.

Molcintah, v. To gather together, join, unite.

Moltah, v. To gather around.

Mothtal, v. To humble, to submit.

Muk, n. Fortitude, bravery.

Muktan, v. To suffer with fortitude.

Mul _or_ Mol, part. in comp. Jointly, in common.

Mulba, v. To congregate, to come together.

Multepal, v. To rule or govern jointly. p. 131.

Muz, v. To cut.

N

Na, n. A house, not designating whose.

Naat, v. To know, understand.

Nacal, v. To ascend. p. 28.

Nachi, adv. Far off, distant.

Nacpalancal, v. To grope, to feel one's way.

Nah, v. To suit, wish, desire; _nahuba_, to suit, etc., for oneself.

Nak, n. The abdomen, belly, the end; verb. to end, finish; to join, to stick; _tu nak_, at the end, near, close to.

Nakal, v. To approach, to join on.

Nant, v. See _Naat_.

Noh, adj. Great, large.

Nohkakil, n. Smallpox. p. 132.

Nohoch, adj. Great, large.

Nohol, n. The South.

Nuc, adj. Great, large.

Nuc, v. To answer;
n. an answer.

Nuctah, v. To understand, perceive.

Nucte, adj. Old, ancient; _nucteel_, the elders and leading men of a town.

Nucul, n. Signification, meaning; manner, form, figure.

Numya, n. Toil, misery, unhappiness.

Nucahthan, v. To reply, to answer.

Nupthan, n. Companion, associate.

O

Oc, n. The foot; _yooc_ his foot, their feet.

Oca _or_ Ochaa _or_ Ocolha, (From v. _ocol_, to enter, _haa_, water,) To baptize.

Ocnakuchil, n. A pestilence. p. 151.

Ocol, v. aor. _oci_, fut. _ococ_. To enter; also _sensu obscoeno_.

Ohel, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To know, to recognize.

Ol, n. Mind, intention, will.

Olah, v. To wish, to desire;
n. will, goodwill, wish.

On, pron. We.

Ontkin, adv. For a long time.

Op _or_ Oop, n. The anona, custard apple.

Otoch, n. House, dwelling, denoting whose. p. 106.

Ox, adv. Three; _oxlahun_, thirteen. p. 130.

P

Pa _or_ Paa, n. A walled town, stronghold, fortress. p. 163.

Pa, v. To break, break down, destroy.

Pach, To take possession of, to select a place.

Pach, n. The back of the shoulders; the outer or back part; hence, the last or end of anything; _tu pach_, behind, after.

Pachal, adv. Afterwards, late.

Paiche, n. A mark, a line.

Pak _or_ Pakil, n. A wall of stone, verb, aor. _ah_, fut. e.[TN-48] To found, build, sow, plant; hence

Pakal, n. A building, founding, etc.

Pakte _or_ Pakteil, adv. All together, in all.

Palil, n. A servant, man-servant.

Pan, n. Standard, banner.

Patan, n. Tribute, tax; from _paatah_, to watch, to guard.

Patcunah, v. To declare, set forth, explain;
n. an explanation, etc.

Paxal _or_ Paaxal, v. aor. _xi_, fut. _xac_. To forsake, abandon, desert, depopulate; "desamparar y despoblar pueblo." _Dicc. Motul._

Pay, n. The sea-coast.

Pay, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To draw or call toward one, hence, _payal_, to be called or summoned.

Paybe, n. (From _pay_, and _be_, a road). A guide;
hence, adv., first, before.

Pek, n. A dog.

Pet, n. A circle, wheel.

Peten, n. An island, country, province. p. 122.

Pic. A numeral. p. 45.

Pix _or_ Piixtah, v. To unwind, to cast anchor.

Pixan, n. Soul; happiness;
adj. happy.

Pol. n. Head; hair.

Puchtun, n. Fighting, quarreling.

Puczical, n. Heart; mind, will, soul.

Pul, v. To bring, to carry. _Ahpulul_, one who brings.

Pp

Ppatal, v. To remain, to stay.

Ppiz, n. A measure of grain, etc.

Ppoc, n. A hat.

Ppul _or_ Ppuul, n. An earthen jar.

T

Taab, n. Salt.

Tab, v. To tie together; hence

Tabal, n. Relationship; anything attached to or dependent on another.

Tabzah, v. To deceive, to delude, to tie.

Tah, adv. Whence, whither, thence, to, unto.
pron. For us, for our part.

Takal, v. To stick to; to add to, to increase.

Tal, prep. From; _tii tal en_, I am from there. _Dicc. San Francisco._

Tal, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To touch, to begin to take; to make use of.

Talel, v. aor. _tali_, fut. _talae_ or _tae_. To come, to go.

Tamuk, adv. While, when.

Tan, n. The breast; hence, the middle of anything; as _tan cah_, the middle of the town. p. 132.

Tan, postposition. Toward, as _lakintan_, toward the East.

Tancabal, n. The premises of a house; a house and its grounds.

Tancoch, n. A half (from _tan_, and _cochil_, the width, the size of a thing).

Tec, adv. Quickly, suddenly.

Tem _or_ Temah, v. To satisfy, please.

Ten, pron. I. _Ten c en_, I who am I.

Tepal, v. To rule, govern.

Than, n. Word, speech.

Thun, n. A drop, a spot, a dot.

Ti, prep. To, by, for; sign of dative and ablative.

Tiihil, v. To happen there, to take place there.

Tipp, v. To exceed in size; to go forth from; as _tippan kin_, the sun having appeared.

Toc _or_ Tooc, v. aor. _tocah_, fut. _e_, To burn.

Toch, adj. Severe, firm, rough.

Tocoyna, n. A deserted house or field; "solar yermo." _Dicc. Motul._

Toh, adj. Just, righteous; _ahtohil_, a magistrate.

Tohyol, adj. Healthy, well (from _toh_, _ol_).

Tox, v. To pour out; _tox haa ti pol_, to pour water on the head, _i. e._, to baptize. _Dicc. Motul._ _Toxol_, the person baptized; also a distribution or outpouring, as _toxol cahob_, a distribution of towns to different rulers.

Tul, adj. Full, abounding. p. 39.
verb. To fill to overflowing, to rise (of the tide).
For _tutul_ see p. 109.

Tulpach, v. To go back, to return.

Tulum, n. A wall, walled town. p. 163.

Tumen, prep. For, by reason of, because of.

Tun, n. A stone.
A euphonic particle. p. 124.

Tux _or_ Tuux, adv. Where, in what part or place.

Tuzebal, adv. Promptly.

Tuzinil, adv. All, in all parts.

Tzac, v. To seek, to follow.

Tzen, n. Food, sustenance; hence,

Tzentah, To give food to.

Tzicil, v. To obey, to serve.

Tzimin, n. A horse.

Tzol, n. A string, thread; hence, verb, to arrange on a string, to put in order, to adjust; _tzolan_, an arrangement, series, order.

Tzuc, n. A part, division. p. 54.

Tzucub, n. A province.

U

U, n. The moon; a month; menstrual period; a string of beads, a collar;
rosary.
pron. His, her, its, their.
Also a euphonic particle before vowels.

Uaatal, v. To set up, erect.

Uabic, adv. How, in what manner.

Uac, Six.

Uacchahal, v. To emerge with force. p. 185.

Uacuntah, v. To set on end, to put in place; to designate, appoint; _uacuntahbal_, the putting in place, etc.

Uah, n. Tortilla, bread; _uahal uahob_. p. 129.

Uahil, n. Banquet; guest.

Ualac, adv. While, meanwhile.

Ualkahal, v. To turn oneself, to return.

Uaxac, Eight.

Uay _or_ Uai, adv. Here, in this place.

Uazaklom, n. A return, p. 86.

Ubah, v. To hear, understand.

Uchebal, conj. In order that.

Uchul, v. aor. _uchi_, fut. _uchuc_. To happen, to occur, take place, come to pass.

Uinalal, n. Labor, work.

Uinbail, n. Image, figure.

Uinic, n. Man; a measure, p. 27.

Uitz, n. A mountain, a hill. p. 131.

Ulul, v. To arrive, return.

Ulum, n. A bird, a pheasant.

Uooh, v. To write, p. 63.

Utial, prep. For, on account of.

Utz, adj. Good; _utzil_, the good, the well-being.

Utzcinah, v. To make better, to perfect; to compose a speech or essay; to set in order.

Utzuac, adv. Now, be it now.

Uuc. Seven.

Uu[c], n. A folding, doubling; a line of warriors.

X

Xachetah, v. To seek, to procure.

Xamach, n. A large pot or jar.

Xaman, n. The North.

Xan, n. Straw;
conj. also adv. slowly.

Xantal, v. aor. _xanhi_ fut. _xanac_. To stay behind, to remain.

Xenhi, v. To vomit.

Xic, v. To split, to divide.

Xicin, n. The ear, the hearing.

Ximbal, v. to journey, to pass.

Xiu, n. Grass, herbage, name of a noble family. p. 109.

Xma, prep. Without.

Xocol, v. To count, to read.

Xotlahal, v. To cut.

Xul, n. End, limit;
v. to end, also _xulul_.

Y

Ya, n.
1. Love
2. Pain, wound, sickness.
3. Difficulty.
4. A shoe.

Yaab, adj. Much, abundant: _yaabil_, abundance, multitude.

Yacunah, v. To love.

Yah _or_ Yaah, n. Severe sickness.

Yala, The rest, remainder.

Yalan, prep. Under, beneath.

Yan _or_ Yanhal, v. To have, to be, to stand.

Yax, adv. First, freshly;
adj. green, young.

Yaxchun, n. The beginning, cause.

Yetel, conj. And, with, a compound of _u etel_, his or its companion, usually abbreviated _to[TN-49] y_.

Yib, n. A bean.

Yic, n. Red peppers.

Yok, prep. On, over, in front of.

Yoklal, prep. By reason of, because of.

Yokolcab, adv. On the earth, in the world.

Yol, n. Mind, spirit.

Yxma, prep. Without, =_xma_.[TN-50]

Yub, n. Cloak, coat.

Yum, n. Father; lord; ruler; head of a family.

Yum _or_ Yumtah, v. To wave, to move to and fro.

Z

Zabin, n. A weasel.

Zah _or_ Zahal _or_ Zahacil, n. Fear, terror; verb, to fear.

Zat, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To lose.

Zi, n. Wood.

Zihnal, n. Birth, a native.

Zil _or_ Ziil, v. To give, to present;
n. gifts.

Zinah, v. To cut wood.

Zuhuy, n. A virgin.

Zulbil-taab, n. Purified salt, from _zul_, to soak.

Zut, v. To return; _tu zut pach_, back again, over again.

[C]

[C]a v. aor. _[c]aah_, fut. _[c]ae_ or _[c]aab_. To give; _[c]abal_, past part. pas. that which is to be given.

[C]a, v. To avail, to be of advantage.

[C]aleb, n. A seal, mould, press.

[C]an, v. To devastate, ruin.

[C]a[c], v. To suck; _[c]a[c]opob_, suckers of anonas, a name given to the Spaniards.

[C]iboltah, v. To desire, wish for.

[C]ib _or_ [C]ibah, v. To write.

[C]icil, n. Bravery; encouragement.

[C]ilibal, n. A register, record.

[C]oc, n. The end, the last.
v. To happen, to occur; to tear down.
adv. Already.

[C]oocol, v. To end, finish.

[C]u[c], v. To kiss, to suck.

[C]uun[c]ucil, adj. Made of mud, or plastered.

[C]ul, n. A foreigner, stranger. p. 131.

[C]unul, v. To make a beginning.

[C]u[c]ucinzah, v. To act mildly and kindly; from _[c]u[c]_, to kiss, to suck.

Transcriber's Note

The following errors were corrected:

Page Error
196 Both footnotes on this page were numbered 1. The second was changed
to number 2.

The following misspellings and typographical errors were maintained.

Page Error
TN-1 24 terrestial should read terrestrial
TN-2 24, fn. 2 Pieces should read Pieces
TN-3 25 Numbers 13 to 19 are one higher than they should be
TN-4 46, fn. 1 _Calepino en Lengua Cakchiquel por Fray_ Francisco de
Varea should read _Calepino en Lengua Cakchiquel_ por Fray
Francisco de Varea
TN-5 53 40th year should read 40th year.
TN-6 54, fn. 1 anos.' should read anos."
TN-7 57 batallion should read battalion
TN-8 58, fn. 1 Lengva should read Lengua
TN-9 67, fn. 1 Nvestra should read Nuestra
TN-10 87 (I. II, III.) should read (I, II, III.)
TN-11 87 well dressed" should read "well dressed"
TN-12 111 p 10 should read p. 10
TN-13 111 cap, XXIX, should read cap. XXIX,
TN-14 111 p 12 should read p. 12
TN-15 124 northen should read northern
TN-16 128 qui should read que
TN-17 128 established himself should read "established himself
TN-18 131 MS). should read MS.).
TN-19 132 cap. VI), should read cap. VI).
TN-20 138 Uac ahau should read Uac ahau.
TN-21 142 Lahun ahau, should read Lahun ahau.
TN-22 157 Uuc ahau, should read Uuc ahau.
TN-23 183 Usumaciuta should read Usumacinta
TN-24 190 Abbe Brasseur should read Abbe Brasseur
TN-25 198 yahaubiI should read yahaubil
TN-26 238 branches should read branches,
TN-27 244 miscontrued should read misconstrued
TN-28 247 in Yucatan, should read in Yucatan.
TN-29 247 MS.) should read MS.).
TN-30 252 26. should read 20.
TN-31 252 MS.) should read MS.).
TN-32 254 Bienvanida should read Bienvenida
TN-33 257 MS.) should read MS.).
TN-34 257 possibly should read possible
TN-35 257 I Kan should read 1 Kan
TN-36 258 "_Ma c'ubah than_ should read "_Ma c'ubah than_"
TN-37 261 Ahpul, n should read Ahpul, n.
TN-38 261 Alah, v should read Alah, v.
TN-39 261 Anante. should read Anante,
TN-40 263 fut. e should read fut. _e_
TN-41 263 Cob is out of alphabetical order
TN-42 264 wild turkey, should read wild turkey.
TN-43 265 _adj._ should not be italicized
TN-44 266 C[=h]ahucil or C[=h]uhucil should read C[=h]ahucil _or_
C[=h]uhucil
TN-45 267 one place should read one place.
TN-46 267 _ile_. should read _ile_,
TN-47 270 minaan should read _minaan_
TN-48 272 fut. e should read fut. _e_
TN-49 277 _to y_ should read to _y_
TN-50 278 Yxma is out of alphabetical order

Inconsistent spelling:

Abbe / Abbe
Cuculcan / Cuculcan
Pocomams / Pokomams
Pocomchis / Pokomchis
Puczical / Puczikal

Other inconsistencies:

i.e. / i. e.

Accents on words in foreign languages are inconsistently used.