Chapter XXVI: Appendix: IV

COLOUR ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENTS

COLOUR

(_Vide_ Colour Curve. Tintometer.)

1. Menimehe--lightest.
2. Resigero.
3. Okaina.
4. Boro.
5. Nonuya.
6. Andoke.
7. Karahone.
8. Muenane.
9. Witoto.

Robuchon gives the colours of the Witotos as brown-copper colour, varying between twenty-nine and thirty of the chromatic scale of the Anthropologicas of Paris.

COLOUR ANALYSIS

_Unexposed Part--Armpit_

+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Substance | Matching Standards. Colour developed. |
| examined. +------+---------+-------+--------+---------+---------+
| | Red. | Yellow. | Blue. | Black. | Orange. | Red. |
+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+---------+
| Witoto } | | | | | | |
| Muenane } | | | | | | |
| Karahone } | 3.6 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .2 | .8 |
| Andoke } | | | | | | |
| Nonuya } | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Boro } | | | | | | |
| Okaina } | | | | | | |
| Resigero } | 3.3 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .2 | .6 |
| Menimehe } | | | | | | |
+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+---------+

Mean average attempted by means of colour markings and identified according to Lovibond’s tintometer scale.

There was practically no tribal differentiation of pigmentation in the units of these groups, as far as the unexposed part of the body is concerned. This is understandable. The palm of the nigger’s hand differs little from his white brother’s.

COLOUR ANALYSIS

_Exposed Part--Back_

+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Substance | Matching Standards. Colour developed. |
| examined. +------+---------+-------+--------+---------+---------+
| | Red. | Yellow. | Blue. | Black. | Orange. | Red. |
+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+---------+
|9. Witoto } | | | | | | |
|8. Muenane } | 10.6 | 9.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 3.0 | 1.4 |
| | | | | | | |
|7. Karahone } | | | | | | |
|6. Andoke } | 8.7 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 1.2 |
| | | | | | | |
|5. Nonuya | 8.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
| | | | | | | |
|4. Boro } | | | | | | |
|3. Okaina } | 4.9 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.9 | .5 |
|2. Resigero } | | | | | | Yellow. |
| | | | | | | |
|1. Menimehe | 3.4 | 4.1 | .7 | .7 | 2.7 | .7[437]|
+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+---------+

There is here more differentiation. The tribes numbered 1-9 are in order of shade, from the lightest according to personal observation. This is borne out by data except the grouping which was not so apparent to the eye.

Apparently in one tribe only is red non-existent, free yellow taking the place--No. 1 (_vide_ curve).

_Note._--It will be seen at a glance that differentiation is caused by increased “sadness” or excess of black, and by the amount of free red. These are the two governing factors. Orange is constant throughout.

_N.B._--There is extraordinary variation amongst individuals of the same tribe, as well as amongst tribes of the same language-group and language-groups themselves.

HUIS’ MEASUREMENTS OF SAMPLES OF WOMEN’S HAIR

No. 1. Maturity.

No. 2. Ante-pubertal.

_Note._--The lighter tips of latter which become eliminated after puberty, _i.e._ elimination of _orange_.

+--------------+------+---------+--------------+--------+---------+
| | Red. | Yellow. | Blue. Black. | Green. | Yellow. |
+--------------+------+---------+--------------+--------+---------+
| No. 1 | 19.5 | 31.0 | 28.0 = 19.5 | 8.5 | 3.0 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | Orange.| |
| No. 2 | 18.5 | 26.0 | 17.0 = 17.0 | 1.5 | 7.5 |
| | | | | | |
| Light tips } | | | | Green. | |
| Dark ends } | 19 | 26.0 | 25.0 = 19.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 |
+--------------+------+---------+--------------+--------+---------+

_Descriptive Characters_

_Eye._--1. Dark, _i.e._ black-brown iris. _Note._--Outer angles of eyes visibly elevated; deep-set; eyeball thick; covers the caruncle; outer angle slightly compressed and pointed.

_Hair._--_Colours_--1. Black, _not coal_ black. 2. Children’s hair is some shade lighter than adults’, but still “black.”

_Form of Face._--1. Face inclined to be square and wedge-shaped. 2. Inclined to concavity. 3. Compare photographs. 4. Chinese, Fig. 6, but not so pronounced. (_N.B._--There is great variation.) 5. Chin small, round, retreating. 6. Cheek-bones broad. Face flat (inclination to, _vide_ photographs). 7. Medium lips--great variation. 8. Ears medium-sized--flat. 9. Lobes sometimes attached.

MEASUREMENTS OF TYPES[438] IN CENTIMETRES

+-------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| | Head--Round. | Head--Across. |
| Tribe. +-----------------+-----------------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. |
+-------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1. Resigero | 56 | 53 | 14 | 14 |
| 2. Nonuya | 56 | 51 | 16 | 14 |
| 3. Boro | 56 | 52 | 18 | 15 |
| 4. Andoke | 57 | 53 | 17 | 16 |
| 5. Witoto | 54 | -- | 15 | -- |
+-------------+-----------------+-----------------+

+-------------+-------------------+------------------+
| | Head-Length. | Neck. |
| +---------+---------+--------+---------+
| Tribe. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. |
+-------------+---------+---------+--------+---------+
| 1. Resigero | 20 | 18 | Short | Short |
| 2. Nonuya | 21.5 | 19 | Long | Short |
| 3. Boro | 24 | 20 | Short | Long |
| 4. Andoke | 22 | 19 | Medium | Short |
| 5. Witoto | 21 | -- | Short | -- |
+-------------+---------+---------+--------+---------+

+-------------+-------------------------------+------------------+
| Tribe. | Cheek-Bones. | Mouth. |
| +---------------+---------------+----------+-------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. |Female.|
+-------------+---------------+---------------+----------+-------+
| 1. Resigero | High, not | High, not | Moderate | Large |
| | pronounced | pronounced | | |
| 2. Nonuya | Very high | High, not | Large | Large |
| | | pronounced | | |
| 3. Boro | Wide, high | Wide, high | Small | Small |
| 4. Andoke | -- | -- | Small | Small |
| 5. Witoto | Wide, high | -- | Large | -- |
+-------------+---------------+---------------+----------+-------+

+-------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| Tribe. | Teeth. | Eyes. |
| +-------------+-------+----------+---------+
| | Male. |Female.| Male. | Female. |
+-------------+-------------+-------+----------+---------+
| 1. Resigero | Large | Large | Oblique | Oblique |
| 2. Nonuya | -- | -- | Deep-set | Oblique |
| 3. Boro | -- | -- | Deep-set | Oblique |
| 4. Andoke | -- | -- | Slightly | Oblique |
| | | | oblique | |
| 5. Witoto | Large, even | -- | Oblique | -- |
+-------------+-------------+-------+----------+---------+

+-------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| Tribe. | Nose. | Height. |
| +-----------+-----------+-------+-------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. |Female.|
+-------------+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+
| 1. Resigero | Straight | Broad, | 160 | 138 |
| | | bridged | | |
| 2. Nonuya | Aquiline | Flat | 168 | 149 |
| 3. Boro | Depressed | Depressed | 162 | 146 |
| 4. Andoke | Aquiline | Depressed | 171 | 146 |
| 5. Witoto | Flat | -- | 164 | -- |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+

+-------------+---------------+---------------+
| Tribe. | Chest--Round. | Waist. |
| +-------+-------+-------+-------+
| | Male. |Female.| Male. |Female.|
+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1. Resigero | 85 | 75 | 73 | 71 |
| 2. Nonuya | 87 | 79 | 73 | 75 |
| 3. Boro | 88 | 75 | 77 | 65 |
| 4. Andoke | 89 | 82 | 76 | 76 |
| 5. Witoto | 90 | -- | 77 | -- |
+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

+-------------+---------------+------------------------+
| Tribe. | Hips--Round. |Tip Shoulder-Tip Elbow. |
| +-------+-------+------------+-----------+
| | Male. |Female.| Male. | Female. |
+-------------+-------+-------+------------+-----------+
| 1. Resigero | 82 | 79 | 35 | 28 |
| 2. Nonuya | 83 | 88 | 35 | 32 |
| 3. Boro | 87 | 81 | 34 | 30 |
| 4. Andoke | 90 | 87 | 38 | 33 |
| 5. Witoto | 84 | -- | 36 | -- |
+-------------+-------+-------+------------+-----------+

+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+
| Tribe. |Elbow to Top Middle Finger.|Eminence Buttock to Tip|
| | | Flexed Knee.[439] |
| +-------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. |
+------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+
| 1. Resiger | 45 | 39 | 52 | 44 |
| 2. Nonuya | 47 | 41 | 53 | 48 |
| 3. Boro | 46 | 42 | 47 | 45 |
| 4. Andoke | 48 | 40 | 53 | 48 |
| 5. Witoto | 44 | -- | 52 | -- |
+------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+

+-------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
| Tribe. |Crutch to Tip of Flexed Knee.|Eminence Knee to Ground.|
| +---------------+-------------+-------------+----------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. |
+-------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------+
| 1. Resigero | 37 | 28 | 51 | 44 |
| 2. Nonuya | 40 | 31 | 53 | 45 |
| 3. Boro | 36 | 32 | 51 | 45 |
| 4. Andoke | 41 | 33 | 55 | 44 |
| 5. Witoto | 38 | -- | 52 | -- |
+-------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------+

+-------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| | Feet. |Distance between Nipples.|
| Tribe. +--------------+--------------+------------+------------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. |
+-------------+--------------+--------------+------------+------------+
| 1. Resigero | Broad, large | Broad, small | 20 | 23 |
| 2. Nonuya | Long | Broad | 21.5 | 23 |
| 3. Boro | Large | Small | 23 | 22 |
| 4. Andoke | Large, broad | Medium | 22 | 20 |
| 5. Witoto | Large, broad | -- | 22 | -- |
+-------------+--------------+--------------+------------+------------+

+--------------+---------------------------+--------------------------+
| |Length from Centre Nipples | |
| | to Navel. | Navel to Crutch. |
| Tribe. +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------+
| | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. |
+--------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------+
| 1. Resigero | 23 | 24 | 19 | 19 |
| 2. Nonuya | 25 | 22 | 24 | 20 |
| 3. Boro | 21 | 22 | 20 | 20 |
| 4. Andoke | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 |
| 5. Witoto | 26 | 22 | -- | -- |
+--------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------+

+----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| | Remarks. |
| Tribe. |-------------------+--------------------------+
| | Male. | Female. |
+----------------------+-------------------+--------------------------+
| 1. Resigero | Moderate | Plump |
| 2. Nonuya | Lean | Fat |
| 3. Boro | Well-nourished | Well-nourished |
| 4. Andoke | Well-nourished | Very plump |
| 5. Witoto | Well-nourished | -- |
+----------------------+----------------------------------------------+

ESSENTIAL MEASUREMENTS

_Two Cases, Women, Witoto_

Centimetres.

1.} Head {Maximum length 17.3 18.15
2.} {Maximum breadth 13.85 13.9
3.} Nose{Length from base to root 4.3 4.0
4.} {Breadth across nostrils 3.0 3.0
5.} {From vertex to root of nose 9.2 10.0
6.} Projection { ” ” mouth 16.0 14.2
7.} of head { ” ” chin 19.0 17.4
8.} { ” ” tragus of ear 10.7 12.0
9. Bizygomalic breadth of face 12.75 12.0
9. Face length from nasim to chin 10.2 9.3
10. Length of upper limb 60.0[440]
11. ” cubit 38.0
12. ” hand along its back 15.0
13. ” foot 23.0
14. Sitting height 72.0
15. Kneeling height 103.75
16. Standing height 139.5
17. (Obvious) height to chin 120.5
18. Height to sternal notch 117.0
19. Height from internal malleolus to ground 6.4
20. Span of arms 140.5

EXTRA NOTES ON TWO WOMEN, WITOTO (chosen types)

No. 1. Very short neck; short sternum; straight shoulders. When standing at ease the middle finger of hand is half-way between flexion of knee and hip-joint. Thighs short.

No. 2. Neck short; shoulders straight; good teeth--very large and even.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TWO INDIAN WOMEN FOR EVOLVING A TYPE. BOTH WITOTO-SPEAKING

No. 1. Woman full grown. No. 2. Still growing, of pubertal age. According to _Schedule_, pp. 11, Anatomical Observation.

_External Characters._--General condition well nourished--healthy. No. 1. Stout. No. 2. Medium.

_Descriptive Characters._

A. Colour of skin.
No. 1. Exposed part light reddish-brown.
No. 2. Unexposed part--very much lighter, and
tintometer curve, etc.

B. Colour of eyes. Black.
No. 1. Dark-brown iris.
No. 2. Black iris.

C. Fold of skin at inner angle of eyes.
No. 1. } Covering the caruncle.
No. 2 }

D. Colour of hair.
No. 1. } Black, brown in sunlight,
No. 2. } _i.e._ brown-black.

E. Character of hair (_vide_ Section of Hair).
No. 1. } Straight and coarse (horse hair but finer).
No. 2. }

F. Amount of hair.
No. 1. Body very very scanty, depilation not recent.
No. 2. Face _nil_. Body _nil_.

G. Shape of face.
No. 1. Short. Broad.
No. 2. Pyramidal. Wedge-shaped.

H. Profile of nose.
No. 1. Chinese type.
No. 2. Chinese type, but not so pronounced, between
this and European.

I. Prognathism.
No. 1. Slight.
No. 2. Very slight.

J. Lips.
No. 1. Medium--slightly everted.
No. 2. Medium European type.

K.
No. 1. } Platyoprosopic _not_ excessive.
No. 2. }