Chapter XXXI: Appendix: VIII (2)

[359] Spruce relates a custom unknown to me practised by some tribes when astray in the bush. The Indian when lost “names the Curupira, and … twists a liana into a ring … throws it behind him … follows the direction in which it has fallen” (Spruce, ii. 437-8). The Bororo use a bull-roarer to drive the bad spirits off (W. A. Cook, _The Bororo Indians of Matto Grosso_, p. 55).

[360] The Caribs of the Pomeroon river actually attempt to counter the attack of epidemic sickness by blocking the forest tracks “to stop the passage of the spirits” (im Thurn, p. 356). In Guiana disease is regarded as an evil spirit that prowls around (Brett, _Indian Tribes of Guiana_, p. 225).

[361] Bates, ii. 115.

[362] Jurupari is unknown south of the Japura. I can therefore give no particulars or description from personal investigation and knowledge of aught concerning this all powerful demoniac deity of the northern tribes.

[363] J. D. Pfleiderer, _Die Genesis des Mythus der indogermanischen Völker_, p. 48.

[364] Elsewhere this appears not to be the case. See Bates, ii. 114.

[365] _Yacu_ = water, _mama_ = mother, _Mai d’agoa_ (Tupi). _Pachamama_, the earth, was worshipped in Peru, and the Inca also reverenced _Mamaccocha_, the sea mother (Joyce, pp. 154, 225).

[366] Bates mentions a boy at Ega being devoured by one of these huge creatures (Bates, ii. 113-15).

[367] Clough, p. 60.

[368] For description see Wallace, pp. 127-8.

[369] Bates, ii. 264.

[370] For dance at tiger’s “wake” see Skeat, _Malay Magic_, p. 169.

[371] Cf. Darwin, p. 64.

[372] “They consider the sun as the fountain-head of majesty and power and even of beneficence, and as the abode of the Great Priests who have passed to the spirit world and fear him” (W. A. Cook, _op. cit._ p. 55).

[373] Occidente is on the left bank of the Igara Parana, a tributary of the Issa.

[374] _Folklore Journal_, 1912, p. 314.

[375] Casement, _Contemporary Review_, September 1912, p. 325.

[376] Indians on the main river, however, according to Dr. Silva Coutinho, “not only give names to a great number of celestial bodies [stars], but they have legends about them” (Nery, p. 252).

[377] Markham, pp. 93-4.

[378] Poison.

[379] Narcotic.

[380] Spruce, i. 314. In South America manihot is propagated by means of slips or cuttings; but in the Torres Straits the _manihot sp._ introduced by the white man is grown from pieces of the old roots (_Exped. Torres Straits_, iv. 149).

[381] Clough, p. 212; Humboldt, ii. 182; Oakenfull, pp. 34-5; im Thurn, p. 375; Joyce, p. 167.

[382] im Thurn, p. 375.

[383] Humboldt, ii. 400-1; Chanoine Bernadino de Souza, _Para e Amazon_; see Nery, pp. 8-9.

[384] Humboldt, pp. 88, 400.

[385] Spruce, ii. 561.

[386] Spruce wisely remarks on this point, “that the Spaniards had been for two whole years among Indians who wore their hair long,” and therefore were not likely to mistake men for women (Spruce, ii. 459).

[387] Nery, p. 6.

[388] The French traveller rejects the ἀ-, μαζός theory in favour of the ἄμα ζώνη--bound with a belt (Nery, p. 2).

[389] Wallace, p. 343.

[390] “I have myself seen that Indian women can fight.… The women pile up heaps of stones, to serve as missiles for the men” (Spruce, ii. 457-8). This, _vide_ “stones,” is not possible in the Issa-Japura district.

[391] Where tribal differentiation of colour is so marked as among these people it is only natural that tales should be told of some mythical “white” folk.

[392] Crevaux, _Voyages dans l’Amérique du Sud_, p. 284.

[393] _Komuine_ = monkey (Boro).

[394] “So high”--demonstrated with the hand.

[395] These would be her natural protectors.

[396] Rubber latex. See Depilation.

[397] To hide the unsightliness.

[398] Of the chief’s daughter.

[399] This may be a folk-tale of the monkey-people stealing Indian women for their mates. Cf. Skeat, _Malay Magic_, p. 185; Clifford, _Studies in Brown Humanity_, p. 243.

But it should not be overlooked that the Boro depile most carefully, while the Andoke medicine-man does not depile at all, and the Andoke are mortal foes of the Boro. The Karahone also are said not to depile, and on this score would be regarded by the Boro as no better than brute beasts. So this story may be a traditional account of the actual rape of a chief’s daughter by a hostile tribe, the Amazonian version of Helen and Troy.

[400] Simson, p. 168.

[401] Spruce, i. 332. im Thurn relates of the Arawak Indians that “each family is descended--their fathers knew how, but they themselves have forgotten--from its eponymous animal, bird, or plant” (im Thurn, pp. 184, 376).

[402] The general principle is well known, and is now used both by the authorities of the United States and of Great Britain. It consists in giving to the vowels in native words their Italian significance, and to the consonants that which they have in the English language.

[403] _Notes and Queries on Anthropology_ (1912), pp. 187-96.

[404] Simson, p. 94.

[405] Tylor, p. 25.

[406] Koch-Grünberg transliterates it as _ingetā_, or _ingétā_; and gives _marā_ for good, _maringetā_, _marinyetā_, bad; _faréti_, fat; _faré ingetā_, thin (_Die Uitóto Indianer_, pp. 10-11).

[407] Orton stated that the Zaparo “have no words for numbers above three, but show their fingers” (Orton, p. 170). Simson gives words for four and five as in use among those tribes, and after that _manunu_, meaning “many-many” (Simson, p. 179).

[408] The reference to monkey or beast is due to the fact that the Karahone do not depilate all body and face hair.

[409] Spencer and Gillen, _Across Australia_, ii.

[410] Cf. Ratzel, ii. 125.

[411] For example the Maca, the Guaharibo, and the Guahibo (Spruce, i. 477).

[412] _Vide_ Chap. VI. p. 101, where it is stated that the dug-out is not the autochthonic boat of this country.

[413] These canoes, it must be remembered, are not affairs of everyday manufacture. They are tribal possessions, not many in number, and needing time, skill, and, above all, experience, to make successfully.

[414] For instance the wrong wood might have been chosen; some trees will not open when heated (cf. André, pp. 241-2).

[415] _The Decadence of Useful Arts._

[416] There are no stones in this region it should be remembered.

[417] Wallace gives 5 feet 9 inches or 5 feet 10 inches as not uncommon for the height of a Uaupes man (Wallace, pp. 335, 353), and the Isanna as very similar. The Bugre are shorter, 5 feet 4 inches, and misshapen in the leg (Oakenfull, p. 33). The Tukana, 160 to 170 centimetres (Koch-Grünberg).

[418] I had no calipers, and the breadth in all cases is approximate only, taken from point to point where it was individually greatest, not where, as I subsequently discovered, scientific measurement decrees.

[419] Tukuya, two types dolichocephalic. Koch-Grünberg. Napo, brachycephalic (Orton, p. 166). According to Orton the “long-headed hordes” came from the south (Orton, p. 316).

[420] Bates noted that the Tapuyo have “small hands and feet” (i. 78), and Orton mentions it as a characteristic of races of Tupi origin (Orton, p. 316).

[421] The women are muscular in the neck, and will carry considerable weights in baskets slung on a band passed round the forehead. They will carry through the thickest bush as much as sixty pounds and more in the same manner, their strength in lilting and carrying weights being confined to the neck.

[422] Robuchon states that the women’s mammae are pyriform, and the photographs show distinctly pyriform breasts with digitiform nipples. I found them resembling rather the segment of a sphere, the areola not prominent, and the nipples hemispherical.

[423] Orton and Galt, however, note that “one will sometimes find the skin of the Indian rough, hard, and insensible, like the skin of the larger lower animals” (Orton, p. 591). _Skin--Colour and Texture._--“Je remarque que ces Indiens, comme les Roucouyennes et les Oyampis, out les plis de la peau beaucoup plus saillants que chez les races blanches et noires. Les plis du genou resemblent à une peau d’orange. Je voudrais représenter exactement ces détails, qui m’intéressent au point de vue anthropologique, mais je trouve la difficulté insurmontable. Il me vient toutefois une idée; je fais barbouiller un Indien avec du roucou des pieds à la tête, et, à moyen d’un papier mince que j’applique avec la main, j’obtiens tous les détails de structure. Le roucou agit comme de l’encre d’imprimerie. Avec un pen d’exercice je recueille les détails anatomiques de toutes les parties du corps, et particulièrement des pieds, des mains, du genou et des coudes. Il est à noter que la peau d’enfant à la mamelle présente des plis aussi accentués que ceux d’un blanc à l’âge adulte. La peau d’un jeune homme vue à l’œil me semble grossie trois fois à la loupe” (Crevaux, p. 303). We have already noted that there Issa-Japura tribes are free from the skin diseases that Napo and other Indians frequently develop. This probably accounts for the contradiction of my observances with the notes of other writers.

[424] See note on Depilation, p. 282.

[425] According to Wallace, though the Uaupes Indians remove facial or body hair the Isanna tribes do not (Wallace, pp. 353, 356).

[426] Wallace, p. 354.

[427] I have found this amongst all people who sleep on the ground, I take it, for obvious buffer reasons.

[428] Simson, p. 93.

[429] During menstruation women wash more frequently, with intent to arrest as well as to hide their condition. A girl at such times will bathe as often as twenty times in a day. The cold water acts as a styptic.

[430] Bates, i. 200.

[431] Simson, p. 234.

[432] Simson, p. 235.

[433] Four inches to fourteen inches in length (Keane, p. 551).

[434] Orton, pp. 482-3.

[435] Ratzel, ii 170.

[436] Oakenfall, p. 26.

[437] The only yellow free colour.

[438] Approximate measurements.

[439] Outer measurements not, as they should have been, from head of fibula to top of great trochanter.

[440] _N.B._--As Case 2 was growing, further measurements will be useless if not misleading. These were taken with the help of a medical man and are therefore more correct than other measurements.

[441] _Neva_ = also sun, morning.

[442] _Navena_ = ghost, devil.

[443] _Bope_ = also disembodied soul.

[444] _Yaya_ = father.

[445] _Yaperikuli_ = heroes.

[446] Originally father or creator, not Great Spirit.

[447] Soul of father or parents.

[448] Soul of Evil.

[449] Heroes of the tribe.

[450] Also great-great-grandfather.

[451] House.

[452] _Ri-e-i_, white man.

[453] _Itoma_, sun.

[454] _Ei-fo-ke_, Turkey-buzzard.

[455] Privy name. Reference to the fact that all Indians have two names. See p. 154 for note on _nomen penis sui_.

LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO

ALCOCK, FREDERICK, F.R.G.S.

_Trade and Travel in South America._ 2nd edit. London, 1907.

ANDRÉ, EUGENE, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., M.S.A.

_A Naturalist in the Guianas._ London, 1904.

BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE.

_Native Races of the Pacific States._ 1875-76.

BANCROFT, EDWARD, and STEDMAN.

_Essay on Natural History of Guiana._ 1769.

BATES, HENRY WALTER.

_The Naturalist on the River Amazons._ 2 vols. London, 1863.

BRAZILIAN YEAR BOOK. 1908.

BRINTON, DANIEL G.

_Religions of Primitive Peoples._ London and New York, 1897.

CLOUGH, R. STEWART.

_The Amazons._ London, N.D.

CREVAUX, DR. J.

_Voyages dans l’Amérique du sud._ Paris, 1883.
_Fleuves de l’Amérique du Sud, Yapura._
_Vocabulaire français-roucouyennes._

DARWIN, CHARLES.

_Narrative of the Voyages of the Beagle._ 1839.

DENIKER, JOSEPH, SC.D. Paris.

_The Races of Man._ 1900.

ENOCH, C. REGINALD, F.R.G.S.

_The Andes and the Amazons._ London, 1907.
_Peru._ London, 1908.

FOUNTAIN, PAUL.

_The River Amazon._ London, 1914.

HARDENBURG, W. E.

_The Putumayo._ London, 1912.

_History of South America_, by an American. 1899.

HUMBOLDT.

_Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions by
the New Continent, 1799-1804._ 3 vols. Bohn edition. 1852-53.

IM THURN, SIR EVERARD F., K.C.M.G.

_Among the Indians of Guiana._ London, 1883.

JOYCE, THOMAS A.

_South American Archæology._ London, 1912.

KOCH-GRÜNBERG, DR. THEODOR.

_Aruak-Sprachen Nordwestbrasiliens und der angrenzenden Gebiete._
_Journal de la Société des Américainists de Paris._
_Zwei Jahre unter den Indianern: Reisen in Nordwest-Brasilien,
1903-1905._ 2 vols. Berlin, 1910.
_Zeitschrift für Ethnologie._

MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS R., K.C.B.

_Expeditions into the Valley of the Amazons._ Hakluyt Society, 1911.
_Peruvian Bark: Introduction of Chinchona Cultivation into India,
1860-1880._ 1880.

MAW, HENRY LISTER.

_Journal of a Passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic._ London, 1829.

NERY, BARON DE SANTA-ANNA.

_The Land of the Amazons._ London, 1901.

OAKENFULL, J. C.

_Brazil in 1909._ 1st edit. Paris, 1909.

ORTON, JAMES.

_The Andes and the Amazon._ New York, N.D.

RATZEL, F.

_History of Mankind._ 3 vols. Translated from 2nd German edition by
Sir A. J. Butler, M.A. London, 1897.

RICE, HAMILTON.

_Quito to Iquitos by the River Napo._
_Further Explorations in the North-West Amazon Basin. The River
Uaupes._

RODWAY, JAMES.

_Guiana: British, Dutch, and French._ London, 1912.
_In the Guiana Forest._ 1894.

SCHOOLCRAFT, H. R.

_Historical and Statistical Information respecting the History, etc.,
of the Indian Tribes of the United States._ Philadelphia, 1851.

SIMSON, ALFRED.

_Travels in the Wilds of Ecuador and Exploration of the Putumayo
River._ 1886.

SPIX, JOHN BAPTIST VON, and MARTIUS, C.F.P. VON.

_Travels in Brazil, 1817-20._ Translated by H. E. Lloyd. 1824.

SPRUCE, RICHARD, Ph.D.

_Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes._ 2 vols. London, 1908.
_The Great River. Notes on the Amazon and its Tributaries._
London, 1904.

TYLOR, E. B.

_Researches into the Early History of Mankind._ London, 1865.

VON MARTIUS, C. F. P.

_Zeitschrift für Ethnologie._
_Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas zumal
Brasiliens._

WALLACE, ALFRED R.

_A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro._ London, 1853.
_On the Rio Negro._ Pamphlet. 1853.

WATERTON, CHARLES.

_Wanderings in South America._ New edition. London, 1879.

WESTERMARCK, EDWARD.

_The History of Human Marriage._ 3rd edit. London, 1901.

WOODROFFE, JOSEPH F.

_The Upper Reaches of the Amazon._ London, 1914.

BY CAPTAIN THOMAS W. WIFFEN.]

Compiled from various sources and corrected from observations BY CAPTAIN THOMAS W. WIFFEN.]

INDEX

Agriculture--
crops, 104;
harvest, 193;
plantations, 103;
sowing, 104;
women’s work, 67, 102, 103-4, 105, 131

Amazons, legends of, 239-40

Animals--
characteristics, 243-4;
no domestic, 52, 102;
scarcity of, 128

Agouti, 127;
ant-bear, 127;
armadillo, 128;
bats, 51;
capybara, 127, 147;
deer, 128, 147;
dogs, 102;
jaguar, 36, 182, 185, 221, 231, 232, 244;
monkey, 52, 128;
paca, 127;
peccary, 128-9, 148;
tapir, 126-7, 147, 174, 244;
tiger (_see_ jaguar)

Anthropophagy--
dances, 204-5;
feasts, 119-23;
practices, 119;
reasons for, 120-21, 177

Arts and Crafts--
basket-making, 96-7;
carving, 91-2, 93, 211-12;
painting, 91 (_see_ Ornaments);
pottery, 62, 95, 96

Bates, Henry Walter, 52, 122, 125, 146, 199, 229, 232, 278, 280

Birds, 129;
shooting, 108, 109;
condor, 183-4;
parrots, 129

Birth--
customs, 146-52, 273 (_see_ Couvade);
of twins, 120, 150, 244

Boats--
how made, 100-101;
canoes, 29, 101, 265;
rafts, 101, 265

Bridges, 28-9

Brown, John, 3, 8, 9, 14, 38, 249, 253

Burial, 175-7, 224;
customs, 74, 81, 176, 226

Casement, Sir Roger, 234-5, 246

Cassava--preparation of, 132-4, 144;
grater, 99, 131-2;
squeezer, 98, 132;
Boro, 98, 132;
manufacture of, 98-9;
Witoto, 55, 98-9, 132

Cazes, Mr. David, 2

Charms, 234

Chiefs, 64-5, 67, 71, 193, 200, 244, 257, 258-9;
death of, 65, 70, 119, 176-177;
dress of, 71, 73, 76;
house of, 47, 64;
influence of, 64;
wife of, 73, 123, 159, 200-201;
women of, 64, 159-60, 163;
Katenere, 63;
Nonugamue, 63

Children, 88, 124-5, 135, 146-58, 208, 236, 257, 269, 276;
boys, 76, 108, 165;
capture of, 69-70, 274;
girls, 68, 157-8, 164-5;
marriage of, 162;
stealing by spirits and tigers of, 219-20, 224, 232;
treatment of, 155-8;
toys, 93, 108, 156

Chorrera, 4, 5, 6, 21

Climate, 22-4, 25

Clough, R. Stewart, 158

Coca, 104, 106, 135, 141-2, 179, 187;
effects of, 142-3, 264, 277;
preparation of, 141

Couvade, 55, 148, 151-3

Crevaux, Dr., 55, 57, 72, 87, 96, 240-41, 276

Dances, Chapter XV.;
complaints at, 196-7;
decoration and dress for, 75, 191;
effect of, 202-3, 204;
invitation to, 192, 253;
preparation for, 140, 191-2, 273.
Varieties--
animal, 201-2;
harvest, 193, 199-201, 208;
initiation, 197-9;
Jurupari, 157, 158, 198, 212-13;
riddle, 201-2, 209;
war, 203-5

Dancing-ground, 42, 102, 192, 194

Dancing staff, 193-4, 195

Dancing steps, 193, 194, 195-6, 203, 204

Death, 167, 168, 170, 173, 187;
how regarded, 61, 175, 178;
of chief, 65;
homicide, 118, 171-2;
infanticide, 146, 149-51, 170-71

Deniker, J., 54

Depilation, 120, 181-2, 241-2, 273, 281, 282

Disease, 168, 178, 186, 229;
chronic, 170;
infections, 169, 173;
mental, 169;
skin, 174, 175;
beriberi, 13, 174;
fever, 173, 188;
smallpox, 174;
sun-sickness, 173

Divorce, 165-6

Dress, 71-6;
ceremonial, 74;
travellers’, 15, 16;
men’s, 72, 73;
women’s, 72, 79;
breech-cloth, manufacture of, 73;
never removed, 74;
ligatures, 73, 77, 83, 84, 271.
_See_ Chief, Medicine-man, etc.

Drinks, 101;
fruit, 104, 139;
herb, 138, 277;
intoxicating, 139-41;
unfermented, 138-9

Drugs, 140, 175, 182-3, 187.
_See_ Poison, Snuff, etc.

Escort, 3, 5, 71;
management of, 4

Field of exploration, 17-18

Fire, 48-50, 133, 136;
by friction, 48;
method of making unknown, 48;
plan of, 49, 50

Fish, 130-31, 245, 279

Fishing, 112;
nets, 112;
poison, 113-14;
spears, 113

Floods, 22, 32;
traditions of, 238-9

Folk tales, 221-3, 231, 236-45;
animal stories, 243-4

Food, 50, 126, 128-30, 257;
difficulty of obtaining, 15, 38;
eggs not taken for, 130;
influence of, 121, 147-8;
preparation of, 68, 105, 135-6;
scarcity of, 120, 121, 126;
when eaten, 134-5;
animal, 128-9;
peppers, 105, 134;
pepper-pot, 129, 134, 135-6;
reptiles, 129;
salt, 124, 134;
sauces, 133-4, 139;
sugar, 104;
turtles, 129-30;
vermin, 130.
_See_ Cassava, Fish, Fruit, etc.

Forest--
birds in, 26;
description of, 26-8;
depressing influence of, 14, 35-6, 265, 266;
lost in, 37;
noises in, 34;
silence of, 34;
tracks in, 28;
travellers’ danger in, 29;
travelling in, 14, 34-5, 37

Fruit, 104, 135, 136-7

Games, 157;
singing, 208-9;
toys, 93, 108, 156

Geophagy, 124-5

Hair, 274, 282, 285;
how worn, 77-8, 274

Hammocks, 55;
how slung, 47, 50;
made by women, 97-9;
Witoto, 54, 91

Hardenburg, W. E., 62, 88, 149, 163

Head hunters, 122

Houses--
private, 47-8, 161;
temporary, 47;
tribal--
Maloka, 40-52;
construction of, 43;
light in, 49, 186;
plan of, 41, 43, 45, 46;
sites of, 42, 118;
thatch of, 43-4

Hunting, 104, 107-9, 110;
rights, 112;
traps, 110-11.
_See_ Weapons

Igarape Falls, 6

Implements--
household, earthenware, 133;
human bone, 123-4;
knives, 94;
pestle and mortar, 99, 141;
tools, 95, 214;
troughs, 99, 140-41

im Thurn, Sir Everard, 55, 76, 152, 239, 274

Indian--
beliefs, Chapter XVII.;
character, 4, 13, 61, 110, 156, 202, 236, 256-64, 275-6;
cruelty to infirm, 169-70, 257;
ethics, 65, 66, 68, 260-62;
kinship, 67, 244, 276;
life, 50, 236, 246, 276-7, 278;
origin not decadent remnants, 54, 264-6;
physical traits, 269, Appendices;
treachery, 4, 258, 259-60;
types, classification of, 53;
Neolithic, 94, 266;
voice, 207, 253-4;
woodcraft, 106-7

Indians, story of white, 240-41

Initiation, 157-8, 165;
dances, 197-9

Insects, 30, 52;
ants, 32, 33, 51, 97;
beetles, 82;
bees, 31, 51, 130;
butterflies and moths, 31-2;
flies, 30;
harvest boys, 31;
jiggers, 51, 173-4, 273;
lice, 130, 173, 273;
mosquito, 31, 51;
pium, 30-31, 51, 173;
sand-fly, 31;
spiders, 51;
ticks, 31, 273;
wasps, 31, 130

Joyce, Thomas A., 238

Jurupari, 229, 231.
_See also_ Dances

Koch-Grünberg, Dr., 46-7, 60, 77, 111, 121, 151, 159, 175, 188, 194,
198, 247, 251, 262, 275, 282

Language, Chapter XIX.;
drum, 215-216, 253;
gesture, 251;
groups, 56, 57, 247

Manioc, 68, 104-5, 237-8;
cultivation of, 104-5, 131;
preparation of, 98-99, 131-4

Map--Witoto, 92-3

Markham, Sir Clements, 158

Marriage, 60-61, 66-7, 103, 159-67;
arrangement of, 158, 159-60, 161;
betrothal, 162;
ceremonies, 160-164;
fidelity in, 69, 166-7, 262

Medicine-man, 140, Chapter XIV., 273;
dress of, 73, 95, 183;
functions of, 151, 153, 168-9, 175, 185-6;
influence of, 64;
magic powers of, 172, 178, 179-81, 182, 183-4, 185, 186-7, 188-9,
224, 228, 232;
poison made by, 144, 178-9;
succession of, 181-2

Music, 207-8;
instruments, 210-17;
castanets, 213;
drums, 204, 210, 214-17;
signal drums, 192, 214-17, 253;
flutes, 123, 192, 194, 195, 197, 204, 210, 211-12;
pan-pipes, 192-3, 204, 210-211;
rattles, 83, 64, 194, 195, 210, 213-14;
trumpets, 211-12;
whistles, 194, 212;
Jurupari, 212-213

Names, 56, 244, 248;
boys’ and girls’, 153;
not mentioned, 57, 153-4, 220, 226-7, 280

Nery, Baron de Santa-Anna, 239

Ornaments, 76;
beaded garlands, 79-80, 81, 191;
beads, 79-80, 82-3, 213;
bracelets, 82-3, 213;
combs, 77-8;
earrings, 85, 86, 275;
feather head-dress, 75-6;
feathers, 76-7, 83, 85, 86, 191;
labret, 86;
necklaces, 81, 82, 192;
nose-pin, 86, 275;
paint, 87, 192;
scarification, 66;
tattoo, 86, 87

Orton, James, 279, 280, 281

Palms, 30;
_Aeta_, 26;
_Astrocaryum_, 30;
_Chambiri_, 97;
edible varieties, 137;
_Iriartea ventricosa_, 29

Poisons, 91, 111, 116-17, 168-9, 219, 259-260;
preparation of, 144-5, 179

Proverbs, 259-60

Rainfall, 22

Reptiles, 33;
anaconda, 184, 231;
boa-constrictor, 36;
frogs, 129;
iguana, 129;
lizard, 184;
snakes, 129;
fear of, 30

Rice, Hamilton, 97

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., 237, 266

Rivers--
Acre, 11;
Aiary, 198;
Amazon, 17, 18, 20, 33;
fascination of, 17, 205;
scenery of, 25;
soil of basin, 24-5;
Apaporis, 10, 59;
Avio Parana, 7, 8;
black water streams, 19;
Fue, 6;
Igara Parana, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 58;
description of, 20;
Ira, 58;
Issa, 5, 17, 19, 24, 31, 58, 173;
description of, 19, 22;
fish in, 131;
Issanna, 140;
Japura, 6, 8, 11, 12, 17, 18, 33, 58, 70, 73;
camp on, 5;
scenery, 22;
Kahuinari, 7, 11, 13, 31, 58;
description of, 22;
journey up, 5;
Kara Parana, 18, 21;
Kuemani, 58;
Miriti, 74;
Napo, 18, 24, 222;
houses on, 44;
trip up, 2;
Negro, 18, 19, 104, 222;
Papunya, 8, 20, 58;
Tapajos, 113;
Tauauru, 58;
Tikie, 61;
Uaupes, 18, 59, 91, 112;
black water, 19;
description of, 18-19;
houses on, 46;
proposed journey up, 1, 2, 13;
Wama, 58;
white water streams, 19

Robuchon, Eugene, 20, 31, 46, 65, 86, 88, 89, 99, 119, 122, 123, 163,
210, 270, 272;
deserted by carriers, 7, 8;
disappearance of, 5-12;
dog “Othello,” 7, 8, 10, 11;
last camp of, 9, 10;
last message from, 8;
previously lost, 11;
relief expedition, 8, 11;
survivors of, 6

Route, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13

Rubber--
Belt, 3, 4, 11, 40, 72, 80, 91, 101, 174, 257;
gatherers, 2, 3, 48, 63-4

Simson, Alfred, 243, 250

Slaves, 5, 69-70, 124, 170, 263, 273.
_See_ Tribes, Maku

Snuff, 143, 179

Songs, 190, 196-7, 199-201, 206-10;
meaning of words lost, 190, 207-8

Spelling, 57, 248-9

Spines, 30, 35;
used for combs, 77

Spirits, 92, Chapter XVII.;
evil, 179, 185, 186, 218, 219-20, 223-5, 228-9, 233;
Good, 218-19, 221, 223, 224-5, 226;
appeared to man, 93, 221-3, 237-8;
land of, 225-6;
return of, 172, 176, 177, 182, 224-7;
transmigratory, 224-5, 227-8

Spruce, Richard, 19, 32, 33, 99, 101, 128, 140, 188, 238, 240, 244, 280

Stone--
absence of, 20, 24, 94, 265;
found at Chorrera, 21;
axes, 94, 260;
magic stones, 163, 184

Tabu, 90, 243;
birth, 121;
coca, 68, 105, 143, 152;
food, 121, 135, 147-148, 152, 155, 243-4;
medicine-man’s, 162;
removal of, 180;
tobacco, 68, 105, 143-4;
women’s, 68, 105, 123, 135, 140, 143-4, 147-8, 165, 197, 212-13,
240, 244

Teeth, 275;
necklaces of human, 81, 124;
painted black, 88

Theft, 171

Tobacco, 104, 105, 187;
ceremonial licking, 153, 163, 221, 259;
drinking, 65-6, 179;
not smoked, 143, 158;
preparation of, 143-4.
_See_ Tabu

Tobacco palaver, 46, 64, 65-6, 117, 165, 197, 222

Tobacco pot, 65, 144, 259

Trade, 61-2, 79, 91, 105-6, 108, 134, 144, 164, 217

Travelling in bush, 14, 15, 258-9;
dress, 75;
equipment, 15-16

Tree-climbing, method of, 106

Tribal Council, 65;
house (_see_ Houses, Maloka);
marks, 61, 66, 158;
signals, 253;
system, 62-5

Tribes, 54, 56, 57, 58, 256;
localities changing, 59, 62
Aiary, 198
Akaroa, 247
Andoke, 132, 133, 157, 162, 231, 273;
appearance of, 60, 269, 275;
cannibals, 120;
character, 257, 259, 277;
chief, 5, 65;
country of, 5, 58, 201;
dress of, 78;
language of, 14, 248;
manufactures, 108;
medicine-man, 73, 95, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184;
ornaments, 88, 89;
statistics, 59, 247
Apaporis, 74, 75, 116, 158, 175
Arekaine, 120
Arawak, 54
Auhishiri, 60
Bara, 59, 61, 108, 140, 157, 188, 282;
statistics, 247
Boro, 55, 56, 71, 104, 112, 127, 132, 133, 152, 153, 154, 162, 178,
216, 276;
appearance of, 58, 60, 61, 77, 269, 271, 274-5, 282;
beliefs of, 230-31, 234;
cannibals, 119;
character, 277;
chief, 63, 197;
dances, 194, 199-201;
dress, 75, 78, 83, 84;
folk-tales, 221-2, 241-2, 244;
houses, 44, 48;
language, 14, 220, 221, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, and Appendices;
localities, 58;
manufactures, 91, 96, 108;
ornaments, 82, 85, 86;
statistics, 59, 247;
tribal marks, 87;
tribes, 9, 11, 12, 62;
women, 149
Botocudo, 129
Carib, 54
Catanixi, 101
Chepei, 6
Cobeu, 120
Coto, 58
Issa, 79, 124
Issanna, 140, 160
Japura, 59, 60, 75, 79, 116, 124
Jivaro, 115-16, 122, 158
Karahone, 55, 57, 61, 140, 174-5, 178;
appearance, 269, 274, 282;
character, 257-8, 259-60;
dress, 74, 77;
manufactures, 96;
ornaments, 87;
poisons made by, 91, 111, 118, 144, 168, 259-60;
slave boy, 5, 273;
statistics, 59, 62, 247;
women, 80
Kuretu, 104, 139, 140, 147, 150, 164, 176, 226;
appearance, 275, 281, 282;
character, 60;
country, 59, 75;
dress, 75;
houses, 48;
language-group, 58-9;
ornaments, 84, 86;
statistics, 247
Maku, 60, 61, 257, 262;
appearance, 269;
country, 59, 70;
slaves, 70
Makuna, country, 75;
dress, 75, 77;
houses, 44;
ornaments, 86;
statistics, 247
Menimehe, 10, 56, 61, 75, 115, 139, 140, 143, 144, 276;
appearance, 273, 274, 283, 284;
beehives made by, 51, 130;
character, 11;
country, 11, 58, 74;
dress, 74, 76;
language, 247, 248;
monkeys kept by, 52;
ornaments, 86;
pottery, 62, 91, 95;
shooting fish, 113;
statistics, 59, 247;
tribal marks, 61, 86, 158;
weapons, 95, 115, 116, 117, 194;
women, 10
Muenane, 56, 61, 235;
appearance, 77, 282;
character, 277;
country, 8, 63, 201;
dance, 201, 208-9;
language, 247, 248;
ornaments, 86, 275;
statistics, 59, 247
Napo, 58, 60, 74, 76, 82, 85, 112, 113, 116, 140, 174, 175, 211, 217
Nonuya, 56;
character, 277;
chief, 63;
country, 58, 63;
dress, 76;
houses, 44, 46;
language, 248;
statistics, 59, 247
Okaina, 56, 60, 99, 132, 188, 216, 235;
appearance, 269, 275, 282;
country, 56;
dances, 194;
dress, 81, 83;
language, 248;
ornaments, 89;
statistics, 59, 247;
tribes, 62
Opaina, 59;
country, 74;
dress, 75;
statistics, 247
Orahone, country, 58;
dress, 74;
houses, 46;
medicine-man, 73, 183;
name, 58, 85;
ornaments, 85, 88
Orahone, 60
Ouayana, 241
Pegua, 247
Piohe, 60
Resigero, 60, 61, 132;
appearance, 274, 282, 283, 284;
baskets for ants, 97;
cannibals, 120;
character, 277;
chief, 63-4;
country, 8, 58, 63, 201;
dress, 77;
language, 248;
ornaments, 86;
statistics, 59, 247
Rio Negro, 140, 221
Roucouyennes, 57
Saha, 247
Saka, 86
Tapajos, 113
Tikie, 61, 104, 111, 147, 159, 194, 247, 270, 274, 275
Tukana, 59, 61, 112, 135, 194, 195, 213, 234, 247, 270, 274, 275, 282
Tureka, 194
Turuka, 191, 194, 196
Tutapishco, 58
Tuyuka, 86, 143, 151, 254, 282;
houses, 47
Uacarra, 161
Uaenambeu, 160
Uaupes, 59, 76, 85, 116, 140, 143, 188, 198, 244, 248
Umaua, 74, 247
Witoto, 54, 55, 56, 57, 61, 71, 104, 115, 126, 132, 133, 151, 152,
153, 162, 178, 211, 231, 235;
appearance, 58, 60, 269, 270, 271, 274, 282;
arts, 92, 93;
character, 277;
country, 58;
dance, 209-10;
dress, 76, 63, 84;
fishing, 112, 113;
houses, 44, 46, 48;
language, 14, 72, 220, 221, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253;
language-group, 56, 247;
manufactures, 91;
ornaments, 82, 86, 88, 89;
statistics, 59, 60, 62, 247;
tribes, 6, 62, 93;
tree venerated by, 233;
women, 3, 149, 155, 223, 260, 275
Yahabana, 84, 86
Yahua, 247
Yahuna, 10, 116, 143, 194, 247
Yakuna, 86
Yuri, 56, 247
Zaparo, 226

Tylor, E. B., 152, 264

Vampires, 51-2

Vegetable life, 24-5, 26, 104, 130, 131

von Martius, Dr., 57, 264

Wallace, Dr. Russell, 1, 19, 44, 46, 60, 91, 101, 121, 134, 158, 160,
161, 197, 240, 275, 280

War, 61, 62, 117-19;
blood feuds, 61;
causes, 61;
dance, 203-5;
defensive, 5, 14, 118;
dress, 74;
preparations for, 5, 185;
prisoners in, 118-19, 120-21, 159-60;
strategy, 117

Waterton, Charles, 181

Weapons, 16, 115;
arrows and darts, 109, 115-17, 145;
blow-pipes, 91, 107, 108-9;
club, 115, 116, 194;
fish-spears, 113;
guns, 91, 115;
javelins, 111, 113, 115, 116, 145;
shields, 115, 119;
swords, 115, 116, 260;
traps, 110-11, 118

Women, 47, 51, 67-9, 195;
behaviour of, 262;
duties and work of, 90-91, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 134, 173-4, 263;
mothers, 147-55;
physical traits, 271-2, 282;
position of, 135, 159-160, 161, 164-5, 166, 240;
prostitutes, 159-60, 167;
widows, 167

THE END

End of Project Gutenberg's The North-West Amazons, by Thomas Whiffen