Chapter XXVII: Appendix: To the Third Edition (2)

As the text is not of any great length, Nabopolassar could not give details, but notwithstanding his humility, it is noteworthy that he takes all the credit to himself. The inscription is written on four cylinders from Ê-ḫatta-tila, the temple of Ninip in Šu-anna.

P. 399, l. 8. The spelling of the name of Nebuchadnezzar differs somewhat in the various inscriptions, but the meaning is always practically the same—“Nebo, protect the boundary” or “my boundary,” according as the second component ends in _a_ or _i_. In Nabium (p. 398, l. 7 from below) we have an old form fully spelt out.

[Plate XVI.]

Emblems used by Esarhaddon, and carved on the upper surface of the black
stone presented to the British Museum by Lord Aberdeen. It represents a
divine tiara upon an altar, a priest, the sacred tree of the Assyrians, a
bull, a mountain (?), a plough, a date-palm, and a rectangular
object—perhaps the walls of a town. The same emblems, arranged in a
circle, are found on the cylinders from Babylon inscribed with his
architectural works in that city.

P. 400, l. 25. The name of at least one Nabû-zer-iddina (son of Ab[laa?], descendant of Irani) occurs in the contracts of the time of Nebuchadnezzar. This man, however, was a scribe, and there is no indication that he had ever been captain of the guard.

P. 403, ll. 7 ff. The penalty of death by fire, inflicted on Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, receives illustration from the notes to p. 480.

P. 405, l. 21. The German excavations at Babylon have revealed the appearance of the gate of Ištar as a plain opening in a wall of the city, covered with glazed brickwork, ornamented with bulls and dragons alternately, arranged in vertical rows, a decoration which is repeated in the thickness of the wall and in the inner recesses. (See Delitzsch’s _Im Lande des einstigen Paradieses_, figures 25 and 26.) For the position of the gate, see the note to pp. 471, 472.

P. 406, ll. 2 and 3 from below. “The House of the Foundation of Heaven and earth” is the Ê-temen-ana-kia of p. 138.

P. 413, above. As an example of the sending of the statues of deities temporarily away from their shrines, see p. 278, where mention is made of the image of Ištar of Nineveh, sent to Egypt by king Dušratta.

P. 415, l. 23, and four following pages. Ugbaru and Gubaru are generally regarded as two forms of the name Gobryas, and though this seems certain, there is just the possibility, that they are the names of two different persons.

P. 425, l. 10 from below. The tablet mentioning Zēru-Bâbîli son of Mutêriṣu exists in two examples, one being in the British Museum, and the other (which has an Aramaic docket) in the possession of Mr. Joseph Offord. It is translated in the _Quarterly Statement_ of the Palestine Exploration Fund, July, 1900, pp. 264 ff.

P. 439, l. 26. The _raqundu_ was probably a weaver’s or embroiderer’s tool, returned in exchange for that lent.

P. 446, ll. 8 ff. from below. The inscription referred to is published in the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology_, Dec. 1895, pp. 278, 279.

P. 453, ll. 6-8. Prof. Campbell Thompson translates: “I send this as a _trouble_ to my brothers”—_i.e._ “I am sorry to trouble you, but I hope you will do what is right.”

P. 457, l. 19. Arad-Mede may also be read Arad-Gula. In the next line Šubabu-sara’ may be Šumabu-sara’.

P. 466 (the sale of an Egyptian slave). Another text of the same nature, dated in the same year, is in the De Clercq collection. It refers to the sale of an Egyptian slave-woman named Tamūnu (“she of Amon”). The text is published, with a translation by Prof. J. Oppert, in the second vol. of the _Catalogue_.(346) The slave in question belonged to Itti-Nabû-balaṭu, son of Kamušu-šarra-uṣur, “Chemosh, protect the king”—probably indicating that the bearer of the name was of Moabite origin, or the introduction of the god of the Moabites into Babylonia.

Pp. 471-472. The German excavations have already settled many doubtful points concerning the topography of Babylon, and it is certain that, after the destruction of the city, exaggerated accounts of its enormous extent obtained credence. According to Delitzsch, it was not larger than Munich or Dresden, though even that is a good size for an Oriental city. The principal ruins are on the right bank of the river, and included Babil (“Probably a palace”), to protect which the city-wall makes a considerable angle on the north. From this point the wall continues its course in a south-easterly direction for a considerable distance, and turning at a right angle at its farthest point from the river, runs back in a south-westerly direction to meet it again. About a mile south of Babil the visitor comes upon the great ruin known as the Kasr, where stood Nebuchadnezzar’s second palace. On the eastern side of this is the “procession-street” of the god Merodach, from which came some very fine reliefs of “the Lion of Babylon,” beautifully wrought in coloured and enamelled brick. The temple of the goddess Nin-maḫ lay to the south-east of the southern end of the street, and between the two was situated the celebrated Gate of Ištar, adorned with lions and strangely-formed dragons, already referred to (p. 551). Proceeding to the south-west from the temple of Nin-maḫ, we reach Nebuchadnezzar’s earlier palace, a very extensive structure, with a spacious court-yard and a large hall used as a throne-room, on the south side of which the recess for the throne is still visible. The palace of his father Nabopolassar, which adjoined it on the west, has not yet been excavated. About half-a-mile to the south of these palaces lie the ruins of the great temple of Belus, in the mound now known as Amran-ibn-Ali (see pp. 137 ff., 476, 480, ff.). The German excavations have thus confirmed the identification of the site, as indicated in the _Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia_, vol. I., pl. 48, no. 9 (published in 1861). This text, which is a brick-inscription of Esarhaddon, reads as follows:—

“Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, king of Babylon, has caused the brickwork of Ê-saggil, Ê-temen-ana-kia, to be built anew for Merodach his lord.”

According to the German plan, the portion of the city on the west of the river was of exceedingly small extent.

Artists will soon be able to depict the scenery of Babylon as a background for pictures of this world-renowned city with considerable accuracy.

P. 478, l. 24. An alternative rendering instead of “sculptor,” is “seal-engraver.”

P. 480. On account of the Greek words, I give here a transcription of the late Babylonian text of the extract printed on this page:—

_An(tiukkusu) šarru ina âlāni ša mât Meluḫḫa šalṭaniš itta-luku-ma ... (amēlu) puliṭê puppê u êpšētam ša kima uṣurtu (amēlu) Yāwannu...._

_Uṣurtu_ may be translated “bas-relief” instead of “shrine,” but the rendering would not be materially changed thereby.

The remainder of the inscription, which is exceedingly interesting, is rather mutilated, and a trustworthy translation of it is at present exceedingly difficult. Certain thieves (_šarraqa_), however, seem to be mentioned, and had to all appearance stripped (_iqlubū_) the image of Uru-gala and another, “a deity whose name was called Ammani’ita.” On the 10th of Marcheswan these thieves were captured and imprisoned, and on the 13th to all appearance judged and condemned. _Ûmu šuati ina išati qalû_, “That day they were burnt in the fire”—such is the end of the story.

This seems not to be in accordance with the laws of sacrilegious theft, as stated in sections 6 and 8 of Ḫammurabi’s code. Perhaps the law had changed in the 1800 years which had elapsed since the time of that ruler; or stripping a sacred image was a much more heinous crime than mere theft from a temple, which, in the first degree, was punishable with death.

It is noteworthy that refusal to worship the image set up by Nebuchadnezzar was visited, in Dan. iii, with the same penalty, probably as showing contempt for the divinity.

P. 484, l. 13. The river Ṣilḫu is probably the Sellas in Messinia, where one of the numerous cities named Apameia (Apam’(i)a) lay.

Pp. 489-491. Not the least interesting of this long list of temples and cities are Aššur and Nineveh, of which we have here the earliest mention.

INDEX.

Aa, Aê, Ea (Aos), 17, 26, 56, 61, 77;
? the same name as Yâ, 59, 112;
transferred to Merodach, 32, 113;
his other names and titles, 62;
abode and form, 62, 63;
offspring, attendants, and consort, 63, 64;
parentage, 17, 64;
god of handicrafts, rivers, and water, the sea and life therein, 62, 63;
ever ready with counsel, 64;
warns Pir-napištim of the coming of the Flood, commands him to build a
ship, and tells him what to say to the people, 102;
reproaches Ellila, 107;
deifies Pir-napištim, 107, 108;
worshipped at Eridu, 160;
month Iyyar dedicated to him, 65;
figures of Aa, 247

Aa (Aê, Ea), Yâ, Ya’u, names containing, 59, 546

Aa (goddess), 160

Aah-mes, Egyptian captain of marines, 270

Aah-mes, Pharaoh, 269, 270

Aa-ibur-sabû, Babylon’s festival street, 405, 472

Aa-rammu of Edom, 374

_Abarakku_, 258

Abdi-Aširta (Abdi-Aširti, Abdi-Ašratum, Abdi-Aštarti), the Amorite, 278,
293;
the forms of his name, 313;
writes to the king of Egypt, 314

Abdi-îli (Abdeel), 157

Abdi-li’iti of Arvad, 374

Abdi-milkutti of Sidon beheaded, 386

Abdi-tâba of Jerusalem, 233;
in a different position from Melchizedek, 235;
writes to the king of Egypt, 294, 295, 297-299;
see also 293

Abed-nego (Abed-nebo), the Babylonian name of Azariah, 129, 403

Abel-Beth-Maachah, 352, 353

Abēšu’ (Ebisum), king, 153, 155;
his daughter hires a field, 167

Abi-baal of Samsimuruna, 386

Abil-Addu-nathānu, life of, 459 ff.

Abil-akka, 352

Abil-Sin, king, 153

Abi-nadib (Abinadab), 438, 439

Ablum, “son,” as a personal name, 547

Abram, Abraham, his parentage, meaning of his first name, and traditions
concerning him, 146, 147, 196;
a Chaldean or Babylonian, 147;
probable Assyrian form of his name, 148;
the importance of his period, 149 ff.;
his seeming mistrust of the sons of Heth, 150, 151;
was there a movement towards monotheism in his time? 198, 199;
the Sabeans dedicate a chapel to him, 203;
the field of Abram, 552

_Abrech_, Sayce’s explanation of, 258

_Abriqqu_, 258

Absence of names of Egyptian kings, 250

_Abubu_, one of the weapons of Merodach, 24

Abu-habbah (Sippar), 158, 411

Abu-ramu, 148

Abydenus, 63, 384, 385, 393

Abyss, the, measured by Merodach, 26.
_See_ Apsū, Apason

Accad, a city of Nimrod’s kingdom, 118.
_See_ Akkad

Accho, 277;
lawless acts of the people, 281, 282, 360, 374

Accusation, false, 501 (127)

Achzib (Akzibi), 374

Act of God, 513, 523

Adad-’idri, 329;
resists the Assyrian king, 334, 335;
= Ben-Hadad, 337

Adad-nirari of Assyria, 279

Adad-nirari, king of Nuḫašše, 317

Adad-nirari III., king, 339, 342, 344;
inscriptions of, 340, 341, 343

Adam, various etymologies of the word, 78;
_adam_ in the bilingual story of the Creation, 78, 79

Adamah, 292

Adaya, 297

Addu (Hadad), 157, 170, 277

Adini of Til-barsip, 328

Administration, 493, 494

Adonis (_see_ Dumuzi, Tammuz), 82, 279

Adoni-zedek, 324

Adoption, 173, 175 177, 463, 465, 508, 509, 525, 553 ff.

Adram(m)elech, 378, 384, 385

Adultery, 501, 502

Aesculapius, the serpent, and the magic herb, 109 _n._

Agad, Agadé, 124, 412, 422;
its temple-tower, 136;
misfortunes sung, 477.
_See_ Akkad

Agaditess, lamentation of the, 477

Agents and travelling merchants, laws concerning, 495

Agricultural implements, theft of, 513

Ahab (Ahabbu of the Sir’ilâa), 329-331, 335, 337, 338

Ahaz and Tiglath-pileser, 353, 356

Aḫi-milki of Ashdod, 386

Aḫi-miti of Ashdod, 369

Aḫi-tâbu (Ahiṭub), 281

Ahuni of Til-barsip, 328

Ahuramazda, 426, 427

Ain-anab, 293

Ainsworth, W. F., his description of the ruins of Haran, 200

Ajalon, 280, 297

Akizzi, king of Qatua, 289-290, 317

Akkad (Accad), 119;
references to the country and its language, 121, 412;
the ideograph for, 122;
in early times a collection of small states, 123;
names of their capitals, 124;
the gods of, 415;
revolt in, 415;
weeping in, 416

Akkad, the city (Agadé), 124, 135

Akkadian, Akkadians, 119, 120, 121;
probably migrants, 134;
will overthrow the nations, 123;
their language that of most of the earlier inscriptions, 124;
its gradual disuse, 125;
disappearance of their specific racial type, 125;
their literature current also in Assyria, 126;
their laws retained, 125;
transcription and translations of inscriptions, 219-221

Akkû (Accho), 374

Alašia (? Cyprus), 277

Al Aštarti, city, 278

Al bêth Ninip, “the city of the temple of Ninip,” 278

Aleppo, 304, 329

Allala-bird, Ištar breaks his wings, 96

Allat, the temple of, 182

Alliance by marriage, 276

Amadeh, 273

Amāna, the god Ammon, 278

Ama-namtagga, “the mother of sin,” 532

Amanus mountains, 349, 368

Amaru, a name of Merodach, 54

Amar-uduk (Merodach), 54

Amasis, pharaoh, Babylonian vassal, 401

Amattu (Hamath), 363

Amedi, city, 372

Amen-em-heb, officer of Thothmes III., 272

Ameni (Amen-em-ha), inscription of, 261

Amenophis II., 273;
Amenophis III., 274, 316;
Amenophis IV., 269, 293, 299, 302;
his names, 303

Amherst of Hackney, Lord, his tablet mentioning Ostanes, 544

Amki, the cities of, 288, 289, 317

Ammani’ita, goddess, 561

Amminadab (Ammi-nadbi) of Beth-Ammon, 389

Ammi-ṭitana, king, 153;
extent of his dominions, 155;
letter from, 165;
lord of Amurrū, 215

Ammi-zaduga, king, 153;
tablet dated in his reign, 168, 332

Ammonites (Amanians), 329, 333

Ammurabi, a form of the name Hammurabi, 209

Ammurapi (Hammurabi), 210

Amna, a name of the sun-god, 144

Amon (the god Ammon), 278

Amoria (the land of the Amorites), 155, 205, 206, 207, 208, 374, 422

Amorite, Amorites, 156, 157, 300;
in Babylonia, 169, 277, 310;
tribute from the, 328, 341;
their kings do homage to Cyrus, 422;
their deities, 156, 170 _n._;
names, 170

Amorite tract, the, 169, 312

Amorite, an, the father of Jerusalem, 316

Amosis, the prince who knew not Joseph, 307

’Amq, identified with Amki, 289

Amraphel (Hammurabi), 125, 152;
identified with Hammurabi by Prof. Schrader, 209;
explanations of the final _l_, 211;
colophon-dates of his reign, 211-214;
his successor, 153, 187, 188

Amtheta, mother of Abram, 146

Amu, the ethnic name of the “impure” Hyksos kings, 265

Amurrū (the land of the Amorites), 122, 134, 155, 205, 206 (207), 208,
328, 341;
ruled over by Sargon of Agadé, 215;
claimed by Ḫammurabi, 215;
ruled by Ammi-ṭitana, 311;
the cuneiform ideographs for, 122, 311, 312;
used for “west,” 311

Amurrū (the god), 156, 312

Amurrū (personal name), 157

Amytis, 407

Anab, 293

Anamimi, the spring of, 305

“An eye for an eye,” etc., 509, 522

Animals created by Merodach, 40;
animals sent into the ark, 103, 117;
animals held in honour at On, 264, 265

Ankh-kheperu-Ra, “the beloved” of Amenophis IV., 303

Anman-ila, king, 54 _n._, 154

Annihilation, the, of Assyria, 393

Annunit, 224. _See_ Anunitum

Anos (= Anu), 17

Ansan, city, 411, 420, 421

Anšar and Kišar, production of, 16;
their names, 65;
connection of Anšar with Asshur, 66;
identity of the two deities, 66;
similar names, 67

Anšar and the revolt of Tiamtu, 20

Antiochus (Epiphanes), tablet referring to his reign, 480, 561

Anu, god of the heavens, 16;
asked to subdue Tiamtu, 20;
fails, 21;
mentioned with Ištar, 41;
worshipped at Erech, 160, 231;
Merodach founds a place for him, 26;
he joins with other deities to send a flood, 101

Anu-Bêl, the god, 482, 483

Anunitum, goddess of Sippar, 160;
Nabonidus’ and Belshazzar’s offerings to her temple, 445, 450

Anunnaki (spirits or gods of the earth), creation of, 40;
present at the Flood, 104

Aos (Aa, Aê, or Ea), 17. _See_ Aa

Apam’a (Apameia), city, 484

Apason (Apsū, the primæval ocean), 16;
husband of Tauthé (Tiamtu), 17

Apharsathchites, the, 391

Apharsites, the, 391

Aphek, city, 330

Apophis (’Apop’i), 262

Apparazu, city, 334

Apprenticeage, 508

Apsū (= Apason), the primæval ocean, the abyss, 17;
non-existent at the beginning, 39;
its fountain, 41, 44;
E-sagila there, 40, 43;
the abode of Tammuz, 43

Arabia, Sennacherib, king of, 378, 381

Arabians (Arbâa), 329, 333, 388, 391;
help Sennacherib, 382

“Arabic” dynasty, the, 169

Arabs, 347

Araḫtu, the canal, 70

Aramaic dialects, 140;
papyri, 539 ff.

Arame, king, 334

Aramean tribes, 347, 356

Arameans, 371

Aram-naharaim, 207

Arandaš, Hittite king, 537

Ararat (Urarṭu), 127, 336, 347, 351, 367, 368

Arareh, 293

Ararma (Larsa), 218

Araske (Nisroch, the god Assur), 378

Arazias, land of, 341

Arbaces, the Scythian, 393

Arbela, 412

Archevites, the, 391

Arganâ, city, 329

Argob, 313

Ari, the land of the Amorites in Sumerian, 312

Arioch, 164;
identified with Eri-Aku, 209

Arioch, the king’s captain, 403

Ark (ship), command to build the, given by Aê (Ea, Aa), 102, 117;
description of the, 103;
entered by Pir-napištim, his family, etc., 103;
given into the hands of a pilot, 104;
stopped by the mountain of Niṣir, 105;
Bel’s anger on seeing it, 106;
its building and provisionment, 103, 115

Armenia, 311, 344, 373;
Sennacherib’s sons take refuge there, 378

Armenians (Mannâa), 387

Arnon, 313

Arpachshad, possible etymologies of, 143, 144 _n._

Arpad, 340, 345, 347

Arqania, city, 484

Arrapha (Arrapachitis), 345, 346

Arsakā (Arsaces), departs to Arqania, 484

Arsâm (Arsames), 539, 542

Art of the Hittites, 323

Artaxerxes, friendly to the Jews, 428;
his death, 429

Artificers of the ark saved in the vessel, 103, 115, 117

Aruada (Arvad), 386, 390

Aruru, the goddess of Sippar-Aruru, 43, 44;
aids Merodach to create the seed of mankind, 40;
creates Ea-banî, 93;
her names, 546

Arvad, city, 272, 322, 328, 386, 390

Arvadites (Arudâa), 329, 374

Arzauya of Ruhizzu, 289

Arzawa, 298

Ašaridu, letter of, 210

Asari-lu-duga (Merodach), 54, 155

Asaru or Asari (Merodach), 54, 143

Asdudimma, city, 369

Asenath, the name, 258;
legend concerning her, 259

Ashdod, 322, 369, 370, 376, 386

Ashdodites (Asdudâa), 374

Asherah, the, 278, 314

Ashtoreth, Ashtaroth, 156, 157, 278, 313

Askelon, 277, 297;
conquered by Meneptah II., 306, 374, 386

Asnapper (Assur-banî-âpli), 391;
letter apparently addressed to him, 210

Aspāsinē (Hyspasines), Kharacenian king, 482, 483

Assarachoddas (Esarhaddon), 378

Asshur, builder of the cities of Assyria, 118

Asshur (Aššur), city, creation or foundation of, 28, 38, 374, 422;
earliest mention of, 490;
revolts, 345, 346;
land of, 340

Assignment for loan, 498

Aššur, the national god of the Assyrians, 202, 329, 340;
Delitzsch’s etymology of, 66

Aššurâaitu, queen, 392

Aššur-âḫâ-iddina (Esarhaddon), 392

Aššur-banî-âpli, 129;
letters to, 201, 410;
restores the temple of Nusku at Haran, 202;
see also 251;
refers to Sennacherib, 382;
his reign, 388-392;
his palace discovered, 394

Aššur-dan, king, 344;
wars in Babylonia, etc., 345

Aššur-êtil-îlāni-ukînni, 392

Aššur-mulik (Aššur-munik), 385

Aššur-nadin-šum, son of Sennacherib, made king of Babylon, 379;
his deposition, 380

Aššur-naṣir, eponym, 410

Aššur-naṣir-apli, I., 327

Aššur-naṣir-âpli II., 327;
attacks Carchemish, 321;
marches to the Mediterranean, 328

Aššur-nirari II. marches to Hatarika, Arpad, 345;
and Namri, 346

Aššur-uballiṭ to Amenophis III., 282

Aššur-uttir-aṣbat = Pitru, 329

Assyria, Assyrians, 122, 123;
spoke the same language as the Babylonians, 126;
their origin, 126;
character, rulers, artistic skill, 128;
invasion by, 331;
revolt of, 345, 374;
downfall of, 391 ff., 395;
Christians of, 485

Assyro-Babylonian language, the, widely known, 140, 275

Astamaku, city, 334

Aštarte (Istar) and the Asherah, 314

Astyages captured by Cyrus, 411

Ašur-nadin-âḫi of Assyria, 283

’Atar-’ata (’Atar-ghata), Tar-’ata, Atargatis, or Derketo, 203

Atargatis, goddess of Haran, 203

Aten, the sun’s disc, its suggested etymology, 303

Athribis, 389

Atra-ḫasis (Gk. Xisuthrus), a name of Pir-napištim, 107, 117;
the coming of the Flood revealed to him in a dream, 107

Augury from entrails, 240

Avaris, the Hyksos shut up in, 252;
the centre of their rule, 254;
taken by the Egyptians, 270

Avitus of Vienne, Bishop, 47

Ay, pharaoh, 303

Azariah, 338, 348

Aziru, 279, 293, 313, 315

Azor (Azuru), 375

Azriau or Izriau (Azariah), 348, 349

Azuri of Ashdod, 369

Azzati (Gaza), 285

Ba’ali, city, 340

Ba’ali-ra’asi, 337

Ba’al(u) of Tyre, 386

Baal-zephon (Ba’ali-ṣapuna), 349;
(Ba’il-ṣapuna), 369

Ba’asa (Baasha), 333

Baba (Beby), 261;
his inscription, 262

Babel = Babylon, 118, 135

Babel, Tower of, supposed, 44, 132-141, 398

Bâbîa, name, 456

Babylon, founded by Merodach, 40;
principal centre, 124;
Dynasty of Babylon, 142, 152, 153;
city destroyed by Sennacherib, 380, 381;
Jehoiachin carried to, 399;
the gods of Akkad enter, 415;
at the time of the Captivity, 471-473;
the proposed new capital under Alexander the Great, 476;
its walls dismantled under the Seleucidæ, 418;
as revealed by the German excavations, 560;
the Church at, 485;
tablets dated at, 432, 440-444, 448, 449, 459, 460, 464, 466, 478

“Babylon and the Bible,” 525, ff.

Babylonia (Sumer and Akkad, Shinar), 118, 119;
majority of inscriptions Semitic, 119;
federated under Ḫammurabi, 149;
change in its rule, 152;
under Assyrian rule, 327, 356, 357, 371, 379, 380, 386, 391;
under Cyrus, 419 ff.;
Darius and his successors, 424 ff.;
the Greeks, 475 ff.;
Kharacenians, 481;
Parthians, 484

Babylonia at the time of Abraham, 171, 347

Babylonian, Babylonians, character, 150;
dress, 171;
manners, 172, 391;
racial characteristics, 119, 120;
downfall of their empire, 415;
fought in the army of Cambyses, 467;
their religion, 49 ff., 159 ff.;
gods worshipped at a late date, 479

Babylonian Chronicle, the, 361, 383, 385

Bactrian slave-girl, the, 471

Bāgā-asā, brother of Hyspasines, 483

Baghdad, the Christians of, 126

Bagohi (Bagoas, Bagoses), 539 ff.

Baḫiani, 322

Balawat, gates of, 405

Ball, the Rev. C. J., 54;
compares Akkadian with Chinese, 121

Barbers and slave-marking, 511

Bardes (Barzia), 424

Baruḫi-îlu (? Baruchiel), 458

Bashan, the plain of, 277

Bashmurites, origin of the, 266

“Battle,” the, 530

Behistun (rock), 426

Bêl, “the lord,” a name given to Merodach, 32, l. 116, 54;
= Baal, Beecl, etc., 55;
as god of lordship and dominion, 58;
his dislike for Pir-napištim, 102;
his anger at the escape of the patriarch and his people from the Flood,
107.
_See_ Anu-Bêl

Bêl, “the lord” = Ellila (Illil) = Illinos, 17;
called “the father,” 32, l. 116

Bel and the Dragon, story of (= the Semitic Babylonian story of the
Creation), 20

Bêl-âbla-iddina, captain of Babylon, 469

Bêl-âḫê-iddina, one of Neriglissar’s captains, 444

Bêl-bulliṭ-su (a scribe), 478

Bêl-êṭiranni, major-domo of Neriglissar, 438

Bêl-ibnî (Belibus), 379

Belichus (river), 328

Bel-Merodach, 18

Belos (Bel-Merodach), 17, 18;
his temple, 471, 472, 552

Bêl-rêṣuā, Belshazzar’s servant, 447

Bêl-šarra-bulliṭ, agent of Nabonidus and Belshazzar, 450

Bêl-šarra-uṣur, chief of a Median province, 367

Bel-shamin worshipped at Haran, 203

Belshazzar (Bêl-šarra-uṣur), son of Nabonidus, 414;
was he descendant of Nebuchadnezzar? 339, 407;
as crown prince, 412, 447 ff.;
in Akkad, 412, 449;
his position, 414;
though heir to the throne, 447; never mentioned as king, 419;
a sale of clothes, 449;
his appointment of Daniel, 419;
a letter apparently from, 538;
his death, 417-419

Bêl-šum-iškun, father of Neriglissar, 409, 438

Bêl-tarṣi-îli-ma, of Calah, 343

Belteshazzar (Daniel), explanation of the name, 402

Beltis, goddess, 415

Bêl-ušallim, the enchanter, tablet of, 155

Bêl-Yau, “Bel is Jah,” name, 59

Bêl-zēr-lîšir, copy of an old lamentation made for, 447, 478

Bene-berak (Banâa-barqa), 375

Ben-Hadad II. (son of Ben-Hadad I.), 330;
restores cities, 331;
besieges Samaria, 333;
meets Shalmaneser, 335;
see also 329, 337, 338, 342;
Ben-Hadad (god), 317

_Bennu_, the bird of Râ or Rê, 265

Berechiah, 471

Bêri, the Ḫašabite, to the king of Egypt, 288

Berlin Museum, 372

Berosus, the Babylonian author, 63, 378, 379 (siege of Jerusalem), 384,
385 (death of Sennacherib), 406, 408, 409, 410, 418, 422

Bertin, George, his suggestion with regard to the “sons of god,” 86

Beth-Ammon, 322, 386, 389

Beth-Ammonites, the, 374

Beth-arbel, 361

Beth-Dagon (Bît-Daganna), 375

Bethel (_bêt-îli_), the, at Haran, 201;
division of property declared in the, 180

Beth-Ninip, the city, 235, 299

Bethuel, the name, 245

Beyrout, 293

Biamites, origin of the, 266

Bigamy, 503

Bilingual Creation story, 38-41

Bin-Addu, 317

Bin-Addu-’idri, 329.
_See_ Ben-Hadad

Birch, Dr. S., 253

Birds, sending forth of the, 106, 116

Birejik, 207

Birs-Nimroud (Tower of Nimrod), services in, 485.
_See_ E-zida

Bît-Amukkāni (Chaldean tribe), 356

Bît-Baḫiani, 322

Bît Ḫumrî, Bît Ḫumrîa (Israel), 332, 352, etc.

Bît Ninip in the province of Jerusalem, 2, 235, 299

Bît-Yakin, 371

Black Obelisk, 332, 337

Blessed, the abode of the, at the mouths of the rivers, 73

Blessing of Aaron, Delitzsch’s parallel to, 526

Boatmen’s wages and penalties, 511-512

Boats and ships, hire of, 514, 515;
boats of skins, 319

Body, the, of Joseph not taken at once to Canaan, 266, 267

Boghaz Keui (Köi), 205, 317, 537, 538

Bond and free, marriages between, 506, 507, 525

Borrowers, liabilities and rights of, 495, 496

Borsippa, the temple tower at, 137;
tablets dated at, 461, 462.
_See_ Birs-Nimroud, E-zida

Bosanquet (Mr.), 345

Bow of Merodach, 28

Branding of animals, 457

Breasted, Prof., 552

Brick in Babylonia, 135

Brigandage, 493

Brugsch, Prof., 253, 304, 305;
his translation of the inscription of Baba, 262

Bubastis, 263

Budu-îlu of Beth-Ammon, 374, 386

Builders, their pay and liabilities, 511;
Babylonian kings as, 398

Building of the ship or ark, 102, 103, 117

Bull, divine, sent against Gilgameš and his friend, 97;
killed and mutilated by the latter, 97, 98

Buntaḫtun-ila, king, 54 _n._, 154

Burial of Seqnen-Rê, 269

Burra-buriaš (Burna-burias), king, 276, 293;
speaks of Canaan, 205;
his letter to Amenophis III., 281

Bûr-Sin, king, 124, 164;
meaning of his name, 217, 218

Buzu, city, 182

Buzur-Kurgala, the pilot or boatman of the ship (ark), 104

Caedmon, 47

Cain and Abel, parallel to the story of, 82-84

Calah (Nimroud), built by Asshur, 118, 126, 341;
statues at, 343;
revolt in, 346

Calne, 348

Calneh, one of the cities of Nimrod’s kingdom, 118;
identified with Niffer, 126, 135

Camarina (Urie), 146;
its probable etymology, 147, 197

Cambyses (Kambuzîa), performs ceremonies, 416;
becomes king, 424;
tablet of his reign, 466;
his campaign in Egypt, 467

Canaan, 204, 205;
mentioned by the Pharaoh, 301, 304, 306;
“a domain of Babylonian culture,” 526

Canaanites, Rameses II. and the, 305

Canals, the Babylonian, 159

Canon, the Babylonian, agrees with that of Ptolemy in naming Pûlu or
Poros, 357, 358

Canon of Ptolemy, 358, 398

Canons, the eponym, 352, 353, 358

Cappadocia, 318

Captives asked for, 301, 302

Caravans, attacks on, 281, 285, 286

Carchemish, 272, 304, 319, 321, 329-334, 339, 367

Carchemishites, 350

Carmania, Nabonidus exiled to, 418

Carmel, Thothmes III. at, 271

“Cedar, beloved of the great gods,” the, 76

Carrier’s responsibility, 499

Cart, oxen and driver, hire of, 514

Chaboras (Habor), river, 364

Chaldean, Chaldeans, the tribes, 341, 347, 356;
not liked by the Babylonians, 371;
Esarhaddon and the, 388;
Nabopolassar supposed to be a, 396

Chaldean Christians, the, 394

Characters, Assyrian, 312;
Babylonian, 122

Changelings, 509

Chariots of the Hittites, 319

Chedor-, 209.
_See_ Kudur-

Chedorlaomer, 209, 215;
at first identified with Kudur-mabuk, 222;
probably the Kudur-laḫmal, or Kudur-laḫgumal of the inscriptions, 223,
232

Chemosh, the god of the Moabites, 557, 559 ff.

Cherub, cherubim, 80-82, 533, 547

Chiefs of Takhsi made captive, 273

Chinzeros (Ukîn-zēr), 356, 357

Chnub, Chnum, priests of, plot against Jews, 539, 542, 543

Choosing the inheritance, 180

Christians, of Mossoul and its neighbourhood, 394;
of Baghdad and Irak, 485

Chronological trade-document, a 398

Cilicia (Kefto), 274, 368;
places near, conquered by Sennacherib, 379

Cilicians, the, 390

Cities, creation of, in Babylonia, 28;
their growth, 171;
invoked as deities, 181;
those benefited by Ḫammurabi, 489, 491

Cities, etc., of the western states, before the Hebrews, 277

Cittaeans, 360

Civilization in Babylonia, antiquity of, 170

Clay, Prof. A. T., 555

Cleopatra’s Needle, 265

Coast-lands, Mediterranean, pay tribute to Aššur-banî-âpli, 388

Code of Ḫammurabi, 491-515;
notes upon, 519, ff., 545, 546;
illustrations of, 166, 168, 173 ff., 176, ff., 179, ff.

Collisions at sea, 512

Colophon-dates, 178-182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 211-214

Combat with the Dragon, 18 ff.

Commagene, 319, 329, 372

Commissariat, letter concerning the, 287

Commissioner and agent, relations between, 498, 499

Compensation for slaves, 458, 459, 513, 523

Conciliation, Elamite policy of, 233

Concubines, 502, 503, 508

Confusion of tongues, the, 132, 133, 139, 140, 170

Congregation, the, of, E-saggil, 126 B.C., 482

Constellations, Merodach sets the, 27

Consulting the teraphim, 247

Contempt for gods, 553, (480)

Cossaeans (Kaššû), 373, 537

Costume of the people in Babylonia 2000 B.C., 171

Countries known to the Babylonians and Assyrians, list of, 206

Courts of Justice in the temples and at the gates of cities, 163

Creation, the Hebrew story of, 11 ff.;
how it grew, 9 ff.;
differences between it and the Babylonian accounts, 34 ff., 48-49

Creation-legend, the Semitic, an heroic poem, 10;
extracts from, 18, 19, 21-23, 35, 36;
remarks upon, 20, 33-38

Creation-legend, the bilingual, 38-45;
why compiled, 39

Creation-legends, though differing, contain similar ideas, 10

Creation-tablet, the first, 16;
Damascius’ version, 16;
remarks thereon, 20;
the second, 20, 21;
third, 22;
fourth, 22-26;
fifth, 26-28;
sixth, 28, 29;
last, 29-33

Cruelty of the Egyptians to captives, 273

Cultivation, tablet referring to, 456, 457

Cure of Gilgameš, the, 108, 109

Cush, the father of Nimrod, 118, 204

Cuthah, the temple-tower at, 136;
tribute from, 341;
its site found by Rassam, 394

Cylinder-seal with supposed representation of Adam’s fall, 79

Cyprus (Yatnana or Ya(w)anana), 128, 304, 373;
its kings, 386, 387;
tributary to Egypt, 272;
aids Aššur-banî-âpli, 389

Cyrus, his operations against Astyages, 411;
crosses the Tigris, 412;
subjugates Babylonia and enters the capital, 415;
helped by the Jews, 416;
his treatment of Nabonidus, 418;
master of Babylonia, 419;
his inscription, 420 ff.;
champion of the Babylonian gods, 422;
restores exiles to their homes, 423;
his death, 424

Daché and Dachos, miswritten for Laché and Lachos, 17

Dagon (Dagunu), 59;
(Dagan), 142, 279

_Daily Telegraph_ expedition, the, 90;
finds a fragment of a second story of the Flood, 117

Damage by herdsmen, 514

Damascius, his version of the Babylonian Creation-story, 16, 17, 63

Damascus, the city (Dimasqu, Dimasqa), Israelites build streets there,
331;
Mari’u, the king besieged there, 341;
“land of,” 353;
Ahaz goes there, 356, 363

Damascus, the country (Ša-imēri-šu, Imēri-su), 329, 334, 336-338;
Mari’u, king of, 341;
subdued by Assyria, 348 (353);
Rezon of, 354

Damu, goddess, “the great enchanter,” 16

Daniel, 402, 417

Daos, the shepherd of Pantibiblon, his long reign, 63

Dapur (Tabor), 305

Darius Hystaspis, mounts the throne of Babylon, 424;
the contract-tablets of his reign, 425, 468-471;
his monotheism, 426, 427;
the extent of his dominions, 427

Darius II., 539, 542

Dark head, people of the, 420

“Dark vine,” the, of the Babylonian Paradise, Eridu, 71, 75

Dâ-šartî, a captive, 302

Date, probable, of the Hyksos invasion, 265;
of the Exodus, 306

“Daughter for daughter,” 510, 522

Daughter (? adopted), sale of a, 185

Dauké (= Damkina), 17, 18;
consort of Aa or Ea, 64

Day, the evil, 528

Days of creation, no reference to, 49;
days of the month, 526, ff.

Dead slave, the, 458, 459

Death of Shalmaneser II., 339;
IV., 361;
Sargon, 372;
Sennacherib, 383;
Esarhaddon, 388;
the last king of Assyria, 393;
Belshazzar, 419

Death-penalty for adultery, 501, 521

Debt, working off of, 500, 521;
responsibility of husband and wife for, 503, 504

De Clercq collection, the, 560

Decoration, Babylonian, 551 (405), 552 (471-472)

Defamation, 501

Dehavites, the, 391

Deified kings, 164

Deities as witnesses, 187

Deities of Mitanni, 277, 278

Deities of west Asian origin, 156

Deities probably foreign, 157

Delaiah, son of Sanballat, 541

Delitzsch, Prof., Friedrich, 14, 15, 36, 78;
restorations by, 122, 361;
his etymology of _sadû_, 248;
_Babel und Bibel_, etc., 525, ff., 546, 559

Deposit, goods on, 499, 500, 501, 521

Derketo (Atargatis), goddess, 203

Dêru, Babylonian city, 363

Desertion, 502

Devotees, recluses, priestesses, and public women, 161, 499, 507, 508

“Dibbara Legend,” the, 122

Digging of canals, dating by the, 159

Dimasqa, Dimasqu (Damascus), 336, 341, 353, 363

Dinaites, the, 391

Diodorus Siculus upon the taking of Nineveh, 393

Disaster, the Assyrian, at the siege of Jerusalem, 378

Disowning of a son, 176, 177, 505

Distraint, 500;
a parallel to the case of the Egyptian farmers, 525

Divination, 247

“Divine Daughters,” the, 160

Divine honours paid to Egyptian rulers, 270

Division of property, 178-181

Divorce, 181, 502

Double-formed and bull-like monsters, Ea and his attendants, 63, 64

Dove, swallow, and raven sent forth from the ship (ark), 106

Dower, return of, 502, 504

Dowers and gifts to virgins, priestesses, etc., 508

Downfall of Assyria, the, 392, 393;
Nabopolassar upon the, 550

Dragon of Chaos, the, 18;
dragon and the serpent-tempter, 529 ff.

Dreams, royal, 390, 411

Dress of the scribes in early Babylonia, 171, 172

Driver, Prof., 260 _n._

Du-azaga, “the holy seat,” 405

Dûdu, name, 315

Dudḫalia, 537

“Due of the Sun-god,” the, 167

Dū-maḫa, a sacred place, 228

Dumuzi-Abzu, “Tammuz of the Abyss,” 43, 63

Dungi, Babylonian king, 124, 152, 164

Dunip (Tenneb), city, 277;
resists the enemies of Egypt, 294

Dunnaitess, lamentation of the, 477

Dura, plain of, 403, 404

Dûr-Ammi-zaduga, city, 172

Dûr-Dungi, 325

Dûr-îlitess, lamentation of the, 478

Dûr-Kuri-galzu, 347

Dûr-Ladinna, 371

Dûr-maḫ-îlāni, son of Eri-Eaku, 223, 224, 226, 227, 231, 233

Dûr-Sargina (Khorsabad), the temple-tower there, 137, 369

Dusratta, king of Mitanni, 276, 278, 304, 316

Dynasty of Babylon, 142, 152, 153;
Babylonia at the period of the, 169 ff.

Ea, the god, 17, 26, 56, etc.
_See_ Aa

Eaašarri, 278 _n._

Ea-banî (Aê-banî, Aa-banî), the man of the wilds, 92;
his creation and appearance, 93;
is seen by a hunter, enticed, and induced to go to Erech, 94;
he accompanies Gilgameš against Ḫumbaba, 94, 95;
kills a divine bull, 97, 98;
his dreams and death, 98;
his resurrection, 110 (Ea-du, Enki-du)

Ea-du or Enki-du, 92 _n._, 548

E-ana, E-anna, the temple at Ecrech, 39, 229;
its sanctuary, 91

Early life of a Syrian prince, 285

E-babbara (the temple at Sippar), 160, 434;
expenditure of, 446;
(the temple at Larsa), 218

E-bara. _See_ E-babbara

Ebed-tob (Abdi-ṭâba), 291

Ebers, Prof., his translation of the inscription of Ameni, 261;
upon Apophis, 263

Ebisum (Abēšu’), king, 153, 155

Eden, Garden of 13, 69;
the native land of the Babylonians, 14;
Sippar of Eden, 70, 72;
Eden not referred to as the earthly paradise in the Babylonian
inscriptions, 72

Edina, “the plain” (Eden), 43, 72

Edom (Udumu), 322, 341, 370, 374, 386

Edrei, 313

Egypt (Musuru, Musru, Musur, Miṣir), 249-309;
the Hyksos invasion, 251;
gradually loses Palestine, 290;
governors still faithful to, 293;
invaded by Sennacherib, 381;
an Assyrian province;
see also 363, 365, 375

Egypt, the brook (? river) of, 388

Egypt Exploration Fund, the, 305

Egyptian civilization, 250

Egyptian king, the, to the prince of the Amorites, 300

Egyptian loan-words, 143, 144

Egyptian slave, sale of an, 466, 551;
testifies to Cambyses’ campaign in Egypt, 467

Egyptians (Muṣurâa), 375;
their decision with regard to the Israelites, reason of, 268

E-ḫulḫul, the temple of Sin or Nannara at Haran, 202

Ejectment before the end of the term, 498

E-kidur-kani, temple at Babylon, 433

Ekron (Amqarruna), 375, 376, 377, 386

E-kua, sanctuary of Merodach, 472

Elah, 355

Elam, a mountainous country, 206;
firstborn of Shem, 549;
its power, 209;
conquered by Sargon, 362 (363);
Merodach-baladan in, 373;
ravaged by Sennacherib, 380;
conquered by Aššur-banî-âpli, 391;
acknowledges the sway of Darius, 427

Elamite, Elamites: Ḫumbaba, 94, 95;
Chedorlaomer, 209, 215, 222, 224, 227;
Kudur-mabuk, Kudur-laḫ(gu)mal, etc., 222-225, 230, 232;
hostile to Assyria, 372, 379, 380, 391;
their incursions near the Tigris, 483;
see also 122, 140, 170, 229

Elath, 353

Elders, rule of, 280

Elephantine, the Aramaic papyri from, 539 ff.

Elephants killed by Tiglath-pileser I. in the land of Haran, 200;
and in Lebanon, 201;
elephants in the district of Niy, 273

Elephants’ tusks, 321

El-Kâb, 261

Ellasar, city, 124

Ellila (v. Bel)

Ellipu, country of, 341, 372

Elmesum, princess, marriage-contract of, 166

Elmešum’s letter to his father, 172

Eltekah (Altaqû), 375

Elulaeus of Tyre, 360

E-maḫ (temple), 161

Embankment of the Sun-god, the 213

E-melam-anna, the temple of Nusku at Haran, 202

Emutbālu or Yamutbālu, conquered by Ḫammurabi, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217,
219, 220

Enchantments, Istar’s, 97

Endowment of an adopted daughter, 173

Engur, mother of Aa or Ea, 64

Enki-du, the friend of Gilgameš, 92 _n._, 540

En-nu-gi and the Flood, 101

Ennun-dagalla, 228

Enoch, 84

Enšara and Ninšara, 67

Enweduranki (Euedoreschos), 63, 77, 538, 539

Ephron, 315

Eponym dates in the reign of Shalmaneser IV., 358

Erech non-existent at the beginning, 39;
built by Merodach, 41;
called “Erech the walled,” and ruled over by Gilgameš, 91;
besieged, 91;
other references to the city, 92, 93, 94;
rejoicing there on the death of the divine bull, 98;
Gilgameš returns thither after seeing Pir-napištim, 110;
one of the cities of Nimrod’s kingdom, 118, 124, 135;
its temple-tower, 136;
the city delivered to Rîm-Sin, 221;
lamentation over its misfortunes, 477, 478;
tablet dated at, 456

Ereš-ki-gala (Persephone), 279

Eri-Aku (Eri-Sin), 216, 217, 218, 233;
inscription of, 219

Eridu, the Babylonian Paradise, 71, 72, 73;
non-existent at first, 39, 42;
made, 40;
not the earthly city of that name, 43;
a type of Paradise, 43;
the incantation of, 44;
one of the principal cities of Babylonia, 124

Esâ (? = Esau), 157, 245

E-saggil, 223, 224. _See_ E-sagila

E-sagila (E-saggil, E-sangil), completed by Merodach, 40, 43;
meaning of the name, 43, 139;
the temple of Belus, 137, 246, 472;
restored by Samsu-iluna, 161;
restoration attempted under Alexander and Philip, 476;
offerings at, 412, 480;
its congregation, 482;
see also 409, 415

E-sagila, the temple “within the Abyss,” founded by Lugal-du-azaga, 40, 73

E-sagila-râmat and her father-in-law’s slave, 465, 466

Esarhaddon (Aššur-âḫâ-iddina), 383, 384-388;
apparently crowned at Haran, 201-202;
in Ḫanigalbat, 384, 385;
in Babylonia and the Mediterranean states, 386, 387;
in Armenia, and on the east of Assyria, 388;
in Egypt, 251, 388;
he restores the temple of Belos, 560;
mentions his brothers, 558, and his father’s campaign against the Arabs,
382;
his death, 388

E-šarra, the heavens, 26

E-šarra, an Assyrian temple, 328, 340

E-ša-turra, a temple at Su-anna, 433

Esau, the name, 157, 245

Escaped slaves, 493

Esdraelon, defeat of Syrians at, 271

Ešnunna(k) (Umliaš), soldiers of, defeated by Ḫammurabi, 213;
destroyed by a flood, 214;
its gods restored by Cyrus, 422

Etakama (Edagama), of Kinza and Kadesh, 279;
pretending to be faithful to Egypt, attacks Amki, 288, 289;
hostile to Egypt, 293

E-temen-ana(-kia), the tower of Babylon, 136, 138, 139, 406, 559;
and shrine of E-sagila, 398, 560

E-temena-ursag, temple, 213

Etham, 304

Ethobaal (Tu-ba’alu), 374

E-tur-kalama, a Babylonian temple, 214, 415

Euedoreschos, 63, 546, 547

E-ur-imina-ana(-kia), the tower of Borsippa, 136, 138

Euphrates, creation of, 40;
mentioned, 329, 334, 335, 336, 339, 341, 344, 471, etc.

Eupolemus concerning Abraham, 146, 196

Eusebius, 396

Eve, a Babylonian type of, 532

Events chosen to date by, 159

Evetts, Mr. B. T. A., 408

Evil-Merodach (Awel-Maruduk), 408;
murdered, 409;
tablets dated in his reign, 440, 441

Evil spirit, the, driven from the temple, 530

Evolution in the Babylonian story of the Creation, 33, 34

Exodus, date of the, 306;
pharaoh of the, 309

Expulsion of Eve, a parallel to, 83

Expulsion of the Egyptians from Palestine, 302

“Eye for an eye,” 509, 522

E-zida, the temple-tower at Borsippa, restored by Nebuchadnezzar, 138,
139, 406;
Evil-Merodach, 409;
its people resist Kudur-laḫgu(mal), 229, 230;
its bronze doorstep, 405;
incantation concerning, 41;
see also 412, 415, 485

Ezra, Sir H. Howorth upon, 427, 429

“Fair son,” the, his carrying off, 83

Faithlessness, 503

Fall? did the Babylonians possess the legend of the, 79, 531, 532

False witness, 491

Family of the hero of the Flood saved with him, 103, 115, 117

Famines in Egypt, 260, 261

Father’s lawsuit, a, 182

Fear of God, lines upon, 50

Female rule, 280

Fifteenth day = Sabbath, 527

Fire, penalty of death by, 480

Flood, the Biblical story, 87 ff.;
the Babylonian story, 100 ff.;
introduction to, 89, ff.;
first read by G. Smith, 90;
a chapter of the Legend of Gilgameš, 90;
related to him by Pir-napištim, 101;
decided upon by the gods, 101, 102;
its approach, arrival, and effect, 104, 105;
duration and subsidence, 105, 106;
due to the god Bel, 106;
why sent, 107, 112;
Pir-napištim dreads its coming, 104, 116;
the second Babylonian story of the, 117;
was it a “Sin Flood”? 529;
description of the tablets recording, 100, 101

Followers of Tiamtu, the, 530

Food, incantation in which it is used, 540

Foster-children and their disowning, 176, 177, 505

Four kings against five, the, 208

Fraudulent practices, 513

Furious cattle, laws concerning, 512, 523

Furniture, lists of, 189

Future life, 111

Gad, the name, 246 (Gadu-ṭâbu)

Gadlat, goddess of Haran, 203

Gadu-ṭâbu, name, 547

Gala-Aruru = Istar the star = the planet Venus, 44

Galilee, attacked by Tiglath-pileser, 353

Galilee, South, invaded by Amenophis II., 273

Garden of Eden, 69

Garizim, temple at, re-dedicated to Jupiter, 481

Garment, the vanishing, 23

Garu, Petrie’s identification of, 292

Gate of Istar at Babylon, 551, 552

Gates of city, judgment in the, 163

Gath (Gimti), 299

Gath-Carmel, 296

Gauzanitis, 304

Gaza (Ḫazitu), 277, 376 386, 411;
Thothmes III. at, 271;
Yabitiri guards, 285;
Hanon of, 352, 363, 365, 366

Gazzāni (a ruler), 224, 325, 556

Gebal (Gublu), 278, 293, 313, 317, 322, 339, 386

Gebalite, whose brother drove him from the gate, 300

Gebalites (Gublâa), 350, 374

Gedaliah, governor of Jerusalem, put to death, 400

Gemariah, 471

Gergesa, 324

Gezer, 297, 299, 306

Giammu, prince, 328

Gift to a son, 505

Gigîtum, Neriglissar’s daughter, 442

Gihon, river, 69, 70

Gilead, 353

Gilgameš, ancient hero, king of Erech, 73, 91;
the legend concerning him, 90 ff.;
and his friend Ea-banî, 92;
who consents to go to him, 94;
he seeks the place of Ḫumbaba, 94;
who is killed, 95;
Ištar makes love to him, 95, 96;
he reproaches her, 96, 97;
and she sends a divine bull against them, 97;
dreams concerning him, 98;
he mourns for Ea-banî and sets out on his great journey, 98;
he meets Ur-Sanabi, the pilot, and Pir-napištim, 99;
who tells him the story of the Flood, 101 ff.;
he is restored to health, 108, 109;
finds the magic plant, 109;
loses it, and reaches Erech, 110;
sees the spirit of Ea-banî, 111;
the new version of the legend referring to him, 547 ff.

Gilgameš-series, the getting together of the, 90

Gilu-ḫêpa, wife of Amenophis II., 276

Gimil-Sin, king, 124, 164

Gimmirrâa, the, 390

Gimti (Gath), 299

Gimtu (Gath?), 369

Gindibu’u, an Arabian tribe, 333

Girgashites, the, 310, 324-326

Gišdubar, Gišṭubar, Gisdhubar. _See_ Gilgameš

Glosses in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, 234 _n._

Gobryas (Gubaru, Ugbaru) of Gutium, enters Babylon, and appoints governors
there, 415, 417, 418, 419;
(goes) against ..., 416, 417;
receives the kingdom for Cyrus, 419

“God,” names for, in the chief tongues of the ancient East, 170, _n._

Gods and their seats, 160, 415;
tithe granted to, 448;
processions of, 526;
they fear the Flood, 105;
those who joined Tiamtu, 20, 25;
their punishment, 25

Gods, figures of, found under the pavement of palaces, 247

Gods identified with Merodach, 58

Gods of On (Heliopolis), 264

Gods of the west of Asia, 277

Gog, 391

“Gold, much gold,” 277, 283

Gomer, people of, 390

“Good wishes,” the tablet of, 81

Goshen, 268

Government of states, 279

Gozan, 345, 364

Greek words in Babylonia, 480

Greetings, Babylonian, 172, 452, 453, 454

Gublu (Gebal), 313

Guites, 329;
(= Goim?), 332, 333

Gula, goddess of healing, 86, 472

Gutians, Gutites, 158, 170, 552

Guti-kirmil, 296

Gutû or Gutium, 206, 207, 415

Gyges’ son, the dream of, 390

_Ḫabati_, the, 292, 299

_Ḫabbatu_, 291. _See_ Habati

_Ḫabiri_, the, 269, 291, 295, 296, 297, 538;
they possess the land, 299

Ḫaburu, city in Babylonia, 446

Hadad, 160, 277, 330;
of Aleppo, 329.
_See_ Addu

Ḫādara, Rezon’s birthplace, 354

Hades, “the land of no-return,” 65

Hagar, her position, 186;
parallels (with differences) to the case of, 174, 175, 185, 236, 524

Ḫâi, 315

Halah (Ḫalaḫḫa), 364

Ḫalman, 325

Hamah (Hamath), 317

Ḫamanu (Amanus), mountains, 328, 334, 336, 349

Hamath (Amatte), Hamathites (Amatâa), Irhulêni of, 329, 334;
districts of, 349;
Yau-bi’idi (Ilu-bi’idi) of, 322, 363;
see also 348

Ḫammatites (? = Hamathites), Eni-îlu of the, 350

Ḫammurabi (Amraphel), changes during his reign, 125;
its length, 153;
tablets dated therein 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187;
references to his conquest of “Mair and Malgia,” 187;
other references to him, 209-215, 238;
his code of laws, 491-515;
his image on the stele, 487;
the benefits he had conferred on the cities of Babylonia, 488-491;
his opinions of his reign, 515, 516;
his curse upon any destroying or changing his record, 517-519

Ḫammurabi-ḫêgalla, canal, 211

Ḫammurabi-nuḫuš-niši, canal, 212

Ḫammurabi-Samši, name, 164, 187

Ḫana-galbat, Ḫani-galbat, king of, 283;
the caravans of, 286;
Esarhaddon fights (? against his brothers) there, 384, 385

Ḫanni, messenger of Egypt, 301

Hanon of Gaza, 352

Ḫanû, land of, 206

Haran born at Ur of the Chaldees, 144

Haran (city, the Bab. Ḫarran), a centre of lunar worship, 147, 195;
Terah and his family migrate thither, 192, 195;
its probable origin, 199, 200;
its ruins, 200;
elephants in the neighbourhood in early times, 200, 201;
its gods and temples, 201, 202, 534;
Esarhaddon (?) crowned there, 201, 202;
Nabonidus restores the temple of Sin, 202;
its renown in later days, 202, 203;
the city besieged, 411;
deities restored, 414

Ḫarḫar, called by the Assyrians Kar-Sarru-ukîn, 367, 368

Ḫarri-si’isi, 325

Ḫatānu, servant of Neriglissar, 439

Ḫatarika, Ḫatarikka, 344, 345, 349

Hatred of Bel for the hero of the Flood, 102, 113

Hatshepsut, queen regent, 271

Ḫatta, 288. _See_ Hatti

Ḫatti, Ḫattî (Hittites, Kheta, people of Heth), 205, 288, 319, 341;
their depredations, 317;
ships of, used by Sennacherib, 379;
Syria and the Holy Land, 386.
_See_ Heth, Hittites

Ḫattu, city, 205

Ḫattu-šil, (Kheta-sir), 320, 537

Haupt, Prof. Paul, upon the description of the ship or ark, 114

Hauran, the (Ḫauranu), 336

Ḫâya, a messenger, 286

Ḫaza, 340

Hazael of Arabia, 382

Hazael of (Ša-)Iamēri-šu (Damascus), 337, 338, 342

Ḫaza-îlu, 336, etc. _See_ Hazael

Hazor, 277, 353

Heathen images, the, of Jacob’s household, 247, 248

Heavens, Merodach arranges the, 27

Hebrews, their ancestor and his language, 204;
in Egypt, 268;
did not leave with the Hyksos, 267;
their commonwealth, 327;
were they the _Ḫabiri_? 538

Heliopolis, 258

Helios (Samas), 203

Hellenizing influence, the, of Antiochus Epiphanes, 480

Helpers of Rahab, the, 530

Hephaistos (Sethos), 381, 382

Herdsmen, their duties and liabilities, 213, 214, 524

Hereditary chiefs, 279

Herodotus upon the Temple of Belus, 137, 405;
Sennacherib’s expedition to Egypt, 381, 382;
Nitocris’ architectural works, 407;
see also 342, 443

Heth, 368, 369; the sons of, 315.
_See_ Ḫatti, Hittites

Hezekiah (Ḫazaqiau), 375, 376, 377, 395

Hiddekel, the Tigris, Babylonian form of the name, 84

Hiding heathen images, 248

Hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Hittites, 317

Hilprecht, Prof. H. V., 124

Hire of animals for agricultural work, 514;
field labourers and herdsmen, 513;
fields, 495;
of a ship (by Belshazzar), 450;
(by Sirku), 470

Hired “from himself,” 188

Hired men, their responsibilities, 513

Hiring of slaves and freemen, for money, 187, 188;
for produce, 188;
risks of the hirer, 191

Hirom (Ḫirummu) of Tyre, 350

Hittite, Hittites, 140, 205, 274, 277, 315-323, 341;
attack Tuneb, 316;
tributary, 272, 316, 320;
their architecture borrowed by the Assyrians, 323;
inscriptions, where found, 317;
their language, 537

Hittite, a, the mother of Jerusalem, 316

Holy Land, 340;
its state before the entry of the Israelites, 277

Home, the, of the Hittites, 318

Hommel, Prof., 14, 54;
suggests a connection of Ea, Aê, or Aa, with Ya’u (Jah), 113;
his early etymology of Arpachshad, 143;
his work upon Egyptian culture 144 _n._;
the Hittite inscriptions, 318;
Gilgameš, 547;
Shinar, 549;
early names, etc., 555, 557

Hophra encourages Zedekiah against Nebuchadnezzar, 399;
marches to support him, 400;
deposed, 401

Hor-em-heb, 303

Horner, Rev. J., 331

Horse, glorious in war, loved by Istar, 96

Horus, 264

Hosea, Hoshea (Ausi’a), king, 354, 355, 359;
the prophet, 361

House of Belshazzar, its situation, 447

Household goods, 189;
gods, 247

Housebreaking, 493, 521

Houses and cities, built by Merodach, 40

Houses, private, 188, 189

Howorth, Sir H., 427, 429

Hui, his tomb at Thebes, 303

Ḫulḫutḫulitess, lamentations of the 477

Ḫumbaba, apparently an Elamite, 94;
Gilgameš and Ea-banî seek his domain, 94, 95;
his end, 95

Ḫursag-kalama, Babylonian city, 415

Ḫursag-kalamitess, lamentations of the, 477

Husband, causing death of, 504

Ḫuṣṣiti-ša-Mušallim-Marduk, tablet dated at, 436

Hyksos, or shepherd-kings, legends concerning, 252;
their fear of an Assyrian (Babylonian) invasion, 251;
their policy in time of famine, 260;
quit Egypt, 252, 270;
at Tanis, 264;
those who remained reduced to subjection, 270;
their descendants, 266

Hyspasines, 481. _See_ Aspāsinē

Ian-Ra (Ra-ian), was he the pharaoh of Joseph? 263

Iāwa, the ending of names, 470, 471.
_See_ -yāwa

Ibi-Sân sells his daughter, 185

Ibi-Sin, king, 124, 152, 164

Ibi-Tutu, king (?), 230, 231

Ibscher, Herr, 544

Idalium, 386

Idigna, Akkado-Babylonian form of the name of the Tigris, 84

Igigi, address to Merodach by the, 29-33;
his title among them, 32

Ijon, 353

Ikausu of Ekron, 386

Ili-milki (Elimelech), 295

Ili-rabiḫ, 288, 289

Illegitimate children, acknowledgement of, 505, 506

Illinos (Illil, the god Bel), 17

Iltani, princess, hires a field, 167

Iltani, princess, sun-devotee, hires a reaper, 168

Ilu-bi’idi (Yau-bi’idi) of Hamath, 322, 363, 366

Ilu-dâya, the Hazite, writes to the king of Egypt, 288

Imgur-Bêl, wall of Babylon, 405

Immerum, king, 154

Immortality, the Chaldean Noah attains, 101, 108

“Impure,” the name given by the Egyptians to the Hyksos, 254

Inaction of the Egyptian king, 296, etc.

Ina-E-sagila-rêmat, daughter of Nabonidus, 450

Ina-êši-êṭir, Nebuchadnezzar’s agent, 432

Incantation for E-zida (the Birs-Nimroud), 41;
against “sickness of the head,” 55;
to purify, 86

Incest, 504, 521, 522

India-House Inscription, extract from the, 138, 139;
references to Babylon, 405, 406

Inheritance, 178-181, 503-507;
of virgins, priestesses, etc., 508

Injuries, penalties for, to slaves, 509, 522;
to a woman, 510, 522;
in a quarrel, 509, 510, 522

Inscriptions, the Hittite, 317, 318

_’Ir_, the Hebrew for “city,” and _uru_, 241

Irḫulēni of Hamath, 329; = Urhi-lēni, 332;
resists the Assyrian king, 334, 335

Irnini, a god, 95

Irqata, rule of, 280

Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, 242

Išḫara, goddess, invoked, 433

Isidore of Charax, 192

Isin, Isinna (Karrak), city, 124, 211

Isis, 264

Isis-Hathor (Venus Urania), 264

Isqal(l)una (Askelon), 374, 386

Israel, 351, 352, 355;
on the monolith of Meneptah, 306

Israel, the name, probable Assyro-Babylonian forms, 157, 245

Israelites, allied with Ben-Hadad, 329-333, 337;
subject to Hazael, 342

_Iššaku_, “chief” (= _patesi_), 127

Ištar, 55;
her search for Tammuz in Hades, 65;
makes love to Gilgameš, 96;
her cruelty to her lovers, 96, 97;
sends a divine bull against Gilgameš and Ea-banî, 97;
which they kill, 98;
her grief on account of the Flood, 105, 116;
worshipped at Erech, 160;
her spouse Tammuz, 279;
Ištar’s gate, at Babylon, 405, 559, 560

Ištar and the _asherah_, 278

Ištar of Babylon, 212;
Haran, 203;
Nineveh, 278, 491, 551

Ištara, goddess, 156

Išullanu, Ištar’s treatment of, 97

Itu’u, on the Euphrates, 344

Iyyar, the month of Ea (Aa, Aê), 65

Izdubar. _See_ Gilgameš

Jabesh, 293

Jacob, Jacob-el, 157, 183, 243, 244, 547

Jaffa, Yabitiri guards, 285

Jah, 113, 535

Jahweh (Jehovah), 535

Janoah, 353

Jebus (Jerusalem), 323

Jebusites, 312, 323, 324

Jehoahaz, 342

Jehoiachin, captive in Babylon, 399;
released by Evil-Merodach, 408

Jehoiakim, 399

Jehoram, 338, 339

Jehu, “son of Omri,” 332, 337-339

Jensen, Prof., 140, 318, 546, 548

Jerabis (Carchemish), 317

Jerusalem (Uru-salim, Ursalimmu), 234, 277, 280, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379;
legend attributing its foundation to the Hyksos, 252;
Ahaz besieged there, 353;
invested twice by the Babylonians, 399, 400;
Temple destroyed, 400;
Temple polluted, 481

Jesus, brother of Johanan, murdered, 542

Jews (Yaudâa), 375;
at Damascus, 331;
last vestiges of their rule, 400;
Cyrus helped by, 416;
probably thought him a monotheist, 419;
names of Jews at Babylon, 470, 471;
why did they remain in the cities of their exile? 474 ff.

Jezreel, 338

Jilting, 504

Joash, king of Israel, 340, 342

Johns, the Rev. C. H. W., 551, 552

Joppa (Yappû). _See_ Jaffa, Yapu

Joseph, the name, 243;
its probable meaning, 244

Joseph in Egypt, 255 ff.;
as viceroy, 260;
no native record of his administration, 253;
his death, 266, 267

Josephus, 359, 382, 408-410;
upon the Hyksos, 251;
the period of Joseph, 262;
the Amorites, 313;
the siege of Jerusalem, 377, 378;
the murder of the high-priest’s brother, 542

Jotham, 355

Judah, 353;
one of the states regarded by the Assyrians as Hittite, 322, 386 (Yaudu)

Judeans (Yaudâa), 375. _See_ Jews

Justin upon Abraham, 147

Kadašman-ḫarbe or Kadašman-Murus, 123;
transports the Sutites, 291

Kadesh, 279;
(Kidša), 300;
conquered by Seti I., 304;
(Kidiš), 401

Ka-dumu-nuna, the gate of E-saggil, 484

Kaldu (the Chaldean tribes in Babylonia), 341

Kalisch, 266

Kallima-Sin (now read Kadašman-ḫarbe), king, 276

Kames, king of Egypt, 269

Kamid-el-Lauz, 293

Kammusu-nadbi of Moab, 374

Kan’ana (Canaan), 304

Karanatum, her adoption, 177;
her name and that of Ashteroth Karnaim, 157

Kar-Adad (fortress of Hadad), 349

Kar-Duniaš, Kara-Dunias, Karu-Dunias (Babylonia), 120 _n._;
ruled by Kudur-laḫgumal, 225;
_see also_ 281, 286

Kar-Nebo, maternal grandfather of Abram, 146

Kar-Shaimaneser (-Shalmanu-aša-rid), city, 339

Kar-Sippar, 167

Kaši (= Kašši), 297, 298
(_see_ Kassite)

Kassite, Kassites, 122, 140, 170, 537

Kedesh, 272, 353

Kefto, identification of, 274

Keilah, 299

Kemi (Egypt), 271

Kêš, a Babylonian city, 124

Kêšitess, lamentations of the, 477

Kheta (Hittites), 274;
their treaty with Egypt, 304;
Meneptah’s reference to, 306

Kheta-sir = Ḫattu-šil, 320, 537

Khorsabad (Dûr-Sargina), 137, 369

Kidnapping, 492, 493, 520

Kidiš (Kadesh), 401

Kili(gug ?), Neriglissar’s servant, 438

Kili-Tešub son of Kali-Tešub, 319

Killing and mutilating hired animals, 512, 523

Kinaḫḫi (Canaan), 281, 301

King, Mr. L. W., 28, 545, 546

King, the, 164-168

Kingi or Kengi (a part of Babylonia), 134, 351

Kingi-Ura or Kengi-Ura = Sumer and Akkad (Babylonia), 206

Kingu, Tiamtu’s husband, exalted, receives the Tablets of Fate, 19;
is overcome by Merodach and deprived of them, 25;
bound, 36

Kirbiš Tiamtu, 24, 31

Kirkišâti, 324, 325

_Kirubu_ = Heb, _kerûb_, “cherub”;
_kirub nismû_, _kirub šarri_, 81

Kiš, a Babylonian city, 415

Kišar, “host of earth,” 16

Kišara-gala, 66

Kisi, Aramean leader, 349

Kiškanū-tree in Eridu, 75;
its fruit, 76

Kissaré and Assoros (Kišar and Anšar), 17

Kizirtum, princess, 166

Knudtzon, Prof., 556

Ktesias, 203