Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: To the Third Edition (3)

Kudma-bani, district, 179, 180

Kudur in Elamite names, 209, 222

Kudur-laḫgumal, 230, 231

Kudur-mabuk, inscription of, 219;
his sons Eri-Aku and Rîm-Sin, 216

Kûites, the, 350

Kullanû, city, 348

Kulummite(s), 372

Kummuhi (Commagene), 319, 320, 329

Kundaspu of Commagene, 329

Kurium, 387

Laban, the name, 245

Labaya, father of Mut-zu’u, 286;
his sons, 293, 297, 298

Laborosoarchod (Labāši-Marduk), son of Neriglissar, 410;
lends money, 443, 444

Labynetus, Cyrus marches against, 407.
_See_ Nabonidus

Lachish, 277, 297, 377

Lachish epigraph, the, 382

Lagamal (Lagamar, Lagamaru), 222

Lagaš, a Babylonian city, 124

Laḫamu, consort of Laḫmu, 16

Laḫamu, creatures produced by Tiamtu, 19

Laḫmu and Laḫamu, production of, 16;
these names in Damascius, 17

“Lake of Abraham the Beloved,” 192, 193

“Lament of the Daughter of Sin,” 83

Lamentations, Babylonian, 194, 195, 477, 478

“Land of the city of Jerusalem,” 297

Landed property acquired by Neriglissar, 440-442

Lands, etc., created by Merodach, 40

Language of Canaan, 204

Larancha, lamentation of, 477, 478

Larsa (Ellasar), 124;
the temple-tower at, 137;
a centre of sun-worship, 160

Laws, Sumero-Akkadian, 190, 191, 550;
Ḫammurabi’s, 491-515, 553, 554

Lawsuit of Bunanitu, the, 462-464

Lawsuits, 182, 184

Layard, Sir A. H., discoverer of the palaces of Nineveh and Calah;
and Rassam, his helper and successor, 394

Laz (goddess), 211

Leasehold system, the, 190

Lebanon, elephants in, 201;
Saniru (Shenir) before, 336;
_see also_ 387

Legal precedents, 190, 191

Legend of Asenath, 259

Legend of Chedorlaomer, 227-230

Legend of Râ-’Apop’i, 254

Lenormant, inscription published by, 216

Letter concerning an inscription of Ammurapi (Hammurabi), 210

Letters from Abdi-ṭâba (Ebed-ḫiba, Ebed-ṭâba, Ebed-tob), 294-299;
Ammi-ṭitana, 165;
Akizzi of Qatna, 289;
Ašur-uballiṭ, 382;
Bêri, 288;
Burra-buriaš, 281;
Ilu-dayan, 289;
Mut-zu’u, 286;
Yabitiri, 284;
Yidia, 286, 287;
the king of Egypt, 300;
the king’s daughter to Queen Aššu-râaitu, 392

Leviathan, 530

Leviticus xviii. 18, the tablet illustrating, 545

_Lex talionis_, 509, 522

Lêya, a captive, 302

Libation, the, of the Babylonian Noah, 106

Lieblein upon the pharaohs of the Oppression and the Exodus, 269

Life at Tanis in Egypt, 264

_Lingua franca_, the, of Western Asia, 140

Lion (divine), loved by Ištar, 96

Liver, the, in divination, 247

Loan to make up purchase-money and its repayment by instalments, 460, 461,
464, 465

“Lord and Lady, my,” 479

Lud, 391

Ludlul the Sage, lines by, 50

Lugal-zag-gi-si, early Akkadian king, 123, 124

Luli of Sidon, 373

Lullubite, Lullubites, 123, 325

Lulubū (Lullubū), country, 206, 208

Lulumu (Lulubū), 207, 351

_Luluppu_-tree, the legend of the, 76

_Lumaši_-constellation, 545

Luxor, 326

Lydia (Luddu), 390, 391

Machpelah, differences between Babylonian contracts and that referring to,
236-238, 524

Mad bull or vicious ox, death or injury from, 512, 513

Maër (and Suḫi), principality, 548

Magdala, 293

Maḫ, Babylonian goddess, 105, 106, 116

Mahler, Dr. Edouard, upon the stele of Meneptah II. and the Exodus, 306

Mair, city, 213, 214

Majesty, plural of, in addressing the king, 284;
(in the Chedor-laomer-legend it refers to the god)

Malgia, city, 211, 213, 214

Malik (Moloch), 156;
Maliku, 170 _n._

Mamre, 315

Mamun, khalif, 266

Man, creation of, 28, 40, 45, 47

Manamaltel, king, 154, 155

Manasseh (Minsê, Minasê), 340;
pays tribute to Esarhaddon, 386;
to Assur-banî-âpli, 389

Manda barbarians, Medes, 420

Manê, a messenger, 276

Manetho, 251, 274

Mankind, destruction of, in the Flood, 105;
in future other means to be used, 107, 112, 116

Man’s duties, 45

Marad, city, 415;
its patron-deity, 542

Marduk (Merodach), 33, etc.

Marduk-âbla-iddina (Merodach-baladan) of Babylonia, 379

Marduk-îriba, one of Belshazzar’s neighbours, 447

Marduk-nadin-aḫi, son of Nebuchadnezzar, 435

Marduk-našṣi-abli. _See_ Sirku

Marduk-šum-uṣur, son of Nebuchadnezzar, 434

Marduk-zakir-šumi of Babylonia, 379

Maritime nation, Babylonia a, 115, 116

Mari’u of Ša-îmēri-šu, 341, 342

Marking of slaves, 469

Marriage, 173-175, 186

Marriage-contracts, 173, 174;
of Princess Elmešu, 166;
of Neriglissar’s daughter, 442;
indispensable, 501

Martu = Amurrû, 312

Mašitess, lamentation of the, 477

Maspero, Prof., 253;
upon the Sallier Papyrus, 255 _n._

Matan-ba’al of Arvad, 386

Mattaniah (Zedekiah), 399

Max Müller, Prof. W., 274

Medes, the (Madâa, Umman-manda), in alliance against Assyria, 392;
at Haran, 411, 414;
_see also_ 341, 351, 364, 388

Media, 206, 346, 351, 368

Mediation, 53

Mediterranean, the, 340, 341;
states of, 365

Megasthenes, 401

Megiddo, 274;
Thothmes III. at, 271

Meissner, Dr., 547

Melakiyin, the, 266

Melchizedek, 324;
in Heb. vii. 3, 234

Meluḫḫa, 370, 375, 480, 481

Memphis, 263;
captured by Esarhaddon, 388, 389 _n._

Menahem (Meniḫimme, Minḫimmu), 350, 351, 374

Menander, 360

Menanu of Elam, 380

Menant, M. J., 560

Menasê (Manasseh), 386

Meneptah II. (Merenptah), the pharaoh of the Exodus, 269, 305

Mentiu (Bedouin), 270

Mer, Merri, a name of Hadad or Rimmon, 207, 212

Merchants of Babylonia killed, 281

Merodach, the god, his parentage, 33, 63;
the same as Nimrod, 126;
the gods’ champion against Tiamtu, 21, 22;
installed as king, 23 (163);
prepares for the fight, 23, 24;
attacks and conquers Tiamtu, 25, 537;
takes the Tablets of Fate, 25;
cuts Tiamtu asunder, 26;
orders the universe anew, 26 ff.;
receives new names, etc., 29-33;
his “incantation,” 41;
founds Babylon, Niffer, and Erech, 40, 41, 42, 126;
creator of the gods, 43;
his titles, 44;
explanations of some of his names, 45, 54, 56;
identified with other gods, 47, 58;
glorified above them all, 49;
prayer to be delivered into his gracious hands, 51;
the other deities mediators with him, and his manifestations, 53, 58;
heavenly bodies, identified with him, 55;
the benefactor of mankind, 56, 57;
the begetter of the gods, 533, 534;
his description, 529;
his weapons, 550;
names compounded with his, 57;
which in the end was almost = _îlu_, 58, 61;
he was the “great hunter,” 131;
worshipped especially at Babylon, 160, 407;
his yearly procession, 405;
his vengeance, 392;
his merciful nature, 486;
replaced in the end by Anu-Bel, 483

Merodach in West Asia, 279

Merodach-baladan, king of Babylon, 357, 361, 364, 370, 371, 373, 379, 380,
395

Merom, 305

Merwân II., khalif, 266

Mesech, 230

Mesha of Moab, 338

Mesopotamia, 204, 207, 336, 351

Messengers dying abroad, concerning, 283, 284

Mesu, the land of, 341

Methusael, 84

Middle class, the, 171

“Mighty king,” the, 234, 280

Milki-asapa of Gebal, 386

Milki-idiri, governor of Kedesh, 401

Milki-îli, Milkîli, 293, 297, 298, 299

Milku (Melech, Moloch), 279

Milton, 47

Minsê (Manasseh), 389

Mitâ of Musku (Mesech), 367

Mitanni (Naharain, Naharaim), 276, 277, 304;
its language not Semitic, 275;
vassal state, 537

Mitinti of Ashdod, 374, 376

Mitinti of Askelon, 355, 386

Mitunu, the eponyme of, Sennacherib’s campaign against Hezekiah, 378

Mnevis, the bull, 265

Moab (Ma’ab, Ma’abi), 322, 338, 370, 386

Moabites, the, 326, 374;
driven out, 313

Moloch, 279

Mond, Mr., his papyri, 539

Monotheism and polytheism in Babylonia, 47, 198, 533

Monotheistic names, 534;
systems, 541

Monster, the, 530

Monsters, produced by Tiamtu, 18 ff.

Month, Egyptian god, 262

Months and stars, 27

Moon, purpose of the, 27, 37

Moph or Noph (Men-nofr, Memphis), 264

Mordecai (Mardecai), 61, 436, 471

Moses, notes upon his date, 306;
was he saved by Teie’s daughter? 307

Mosque of Abraham at Urfa (Orfa or Edessa), 192

“Mother of Sin,” the, 532

Moumis (= Mummu), son of Tauthé and Apason, 17

Mouths of the rivers, a sacred place, 71, 108

Mugallu of Tubal, 290

Mugheir, regarded as Ur of the Chaldees, 147, 193;
but not altogether certain, 197

Müller, Prof. W. Max, 557

Mummu Tiamtu, the first producer.
_See_ Tiamtu

Muršil, Hittite king, 537

Muru, a centre of the worship of Hadad, 490

Muṣaṣir, 127

Mušêzib-Marduk of Babylonia, 380

Mushtah, 293

_Muškinu_, 536

Musku (Mesech), 371

Muṣrites, 329;
(Muṣrâa), 333

Muṣru, the land of, 354

Muṣur’i of Moab, 386

Muṣuru, Muṣur, Miṣraim (Egypt), 366, 370

Mut-Addu to Yanhama, 292

Mutallu, Hittite king, 537

Mut-îli = Methusael, 84, 245

Mut-zu’u, 279;
letter from, 286

Nabonassar, 347;
his death, 356

Nabonidus, “who is over the city,” witness to a contract, 436;
described on one copy as the son of the king, 436 _n._, 437

Nabonidus, king, his parentage, 410;
expeditions, and reference to Cyrus, 411;
said to have neglected the gods, 412;
and brought strange deities, 413;
his antiquarian researches, 413;
his son Belshazzar, 414, 447 ff.;
his daughters, 450, 451;
his flight before the army of Cyrus, and capture, 415;
sent to Carmania, 418;
his record of the downfall of Assyria, 392;
of the death of Sennacherib, 537 ff.;
other inscriptions, 411, 414;
tablets dated in his reign, 444-451;
his pious works, 445, 446;
Berosus upon his reign, 410

Nabopolassar, king, supposed to have been a Chaldean, 396;
his alliance with the Medes, 392, 397;
marches against Nineveh, 392, 393, 397;
his connection with Syria, 397;
he builds the two great walls of Babylon, 410;
his guardian-god, 533;
frees Akkad from Assyrian yoke, 558

Nabû-balaṭ-su-iqbî, the father or ancestor of Nabonidus, 410, 437

Nabû-bêl-uṣur, governor, 346

Nabû-kain-âḫi, secretary of Belshazzar, 447, 448

Nabû-nadin-zēri, 356

Nabû-ṣabit-qâtâ, servant of Neriglissar, 438;
Laborosoarchod, 443;
and Belshazzar, 448 ff.

Nabû-šarra-uṣur, one of Nebuchadnezzar’s captains, 434;
a secretary of Nabonidus, 445

Nabû-šum-iddina, secretary of Neriglissar, 440

Nabû-šum-ukîn, Babylonian king, 356;
a priest of Nebo, 442

Nagitu, the three cities called, 373, 380

Naharaina, Naharaim (Upper Mesopotamia), 270, 271, 272, 274, 288, 296,
304.
_See_ Nahrima, Narima, Na’iru

Naḫarâu and Nahor, 551

Nahor, the city of, 204

Nahor, 551;
traditions concerning, 146

Nahrima (Naharaim), 296.
_See_ Naharaina

Nahr-Malka, 158;
referred to by Mr. Rassam, 159

Nahum upon the fall of Nineveh, 393

Na’iru (Mesopotamia), 341, 351

Nal mountains, 351

Names given to Merodach, 30-32

Names of captives, 302

Nammu, a river-god, 43

Namri, 336, 346, 347

Namyawaza, an Egyptian vassal, 290, 293

Nannar(a), worshipped at Ur and Haran (Ḫarran), 147, 160, 219 ff.;
hymns referring to him, 194, 195

Naphtali, 353

Napḫu’ruria, Napḫuri (Amenophis IV.), 281, 282

Naram-Sin conquers Elam, 124

Narima (Naharaim), 288

Navigation, Babylonian, 470, 512

Naville, Prof. E., 253, 305;
upon the stele of Meneptah II., 306

Nebo identified with Merodach, 58;
takes part at the coming of the Flood, 104;
worshipped at Borsippa, 160, 409, 415;
named also Lag-gi, 370;
his titles, 343

Neb-mut-Râ (Amenophis III.), 276

Nebuchadnezzar (Nebuchadrezzar), son of Nabopolassar, 392;
marries Amytis, sent against the army of Egypt, 397;
aids, with his brother, in the restoration of the temple E-sagila, 398;
mounts the throne, 398, 399;
affairs in Palestine, Syria, Egypt, etc., 399-402;
his dreams and the golden image, 403, 404;
his buildings, 405-407;
his sons, 408;
was Nabonidus his son-in-law? 407, 437, 438;
tablets dated in his reign, 432-440;
his offerings, 433;
his use of divination, 247;
his name, 558

Nebuzaradan, 400, 558 ff.

Necho of Memphis and Sais, 389 _n._

Nefer-titi, the Egyptian name of Tâdu-ḫêpa, 276

Negeb, the, 272

Negligence, loss or damage from, 496, 513

Nemitti-Bêl, wall of Babylon, 405

Nephayan, commander-in-chief at Syene, 539 ff.

Nergal, Nerigal, god of war, etc., 279, 330;
identified with Merodach, 58;
worshipped at Cuthah, 160;
and in Alašia, 278

Nergal-sharezer, 408, 409

Nergal-ušêzib of Babylonia, 380

Neriglissar (Nergal-šarra-uṣur), son of Bêl-šum-iškun, 409, 438;
cattle-owner, 339;
trader, 440;
banker, 441;
mounts the throne, 408, 409;
his daughter’s marriage, 442;
tablets dated in his reign, 441-444;
his death, 410

Net, Merodach’s, wherewith he catches Tiamtu, 24, 131, 550

Nibhaz, god of the Avvites, 129

Nîbiru, planet Jupiter, 27

Nicolas of Damascus upon Abraham, 147

Niffer (Calneh), non-existent at the beginning, 39;
built by Merodach, 41;
called Nippur (Niffer), 124;
its temple-tower, 136;
its streets and houses, 188, 189;
the daughter of Niffer laments, 477, 478

Nimmalḫê, an Amorite captive, 302

Nimmuaria (Neb-mut-Râ, Amenophis III.), 276

Nimrod, son of Cush, his power and kingdom, 118, 119;
the same as Merodach, 126, 127, 129, 130;
“the mighty hunter,” 131;
his land, 126;
how his name assumed this form, 129, 550;
Arabic Nimrud, 551

Nina, goddess, 64

Nin-aḫa-kudu, goddess, 41

Nin-edina, 77

Nineveh (Ninua), 376, 378, 387;
probably named after Nina, daughter of Ea or Aa, 64;
built by Asshur, 118, 126, 127;
earliest mention of, 491;
its destruction, 393

Nineveh-road, the, 384, 385

Nina-gala, goddess of Haran, 546

Nin-igi-azaga (Aa or Ea), 114

Ninip identified with Merodach, 58;
his names, 235, 236, 555;
worshipped near or at Jerusalem and in the west, 235, 278;
in the Flood-story, 101, 104, 107

Ninšaḫ inscription dedicated to, 220

Nin-Urmuru (?), 280;
possible reading _Bêlit-nêši_, 548

Nippuru, 28, 37.
_See_ Calneh, Niffer

Nisaba, the legend of, 76

Niṣir, the mountain on which the “ship” rested, 90, 106

Nisroch, the god Asshur, 129

Nitocris, queen, 407

Niy, city, 271;
elephant-hunting near, 273

Non-existent things at the beginning, 16, 39

Nudimmud (= Aa, Aê, or Ea), 18;
asked to subdue the Dragon, fails, 21;
an abode made for him, 26

Nuḫašše, 317;
an Assyrian district, 280

Nûr-îli-šu, builds and dedicates a temple, 162

Nûr-Rammāni (Nûr-Addi), king of Larsa, 218

Nusku, one of the gods of Haran, 202

Obelisk, the, emblematic, 265

Offerings, royal, to the gods, 433, 444-446

Officials’ rights, duties, and responsibilities, 493, 494

Offord, Mr. J., his cylinder, pl. vi. and p. 548;
his tablet, 559

Og of Bashan, 313

Omri (Ḫumrî), the “house of Omri,” 332;
“son of Omri,” 337, 339;
“land of Omri,” 341

On (Heliopolis), 258, 264;
the shrine of, 265

Opis on the Tigris, the battle of, 415, 416;
tablets dated at, 439, 450, 459

Oppert, Prof., 14;
his suggested Babylonian etymology of Abel, 82, 83;
dates from Hebrew sources, 332

Oppolzer upon the Sothis period, 307

Oracles (for Esarhaddon), 385;
(concerning Nineveh), 393

Osah (Ušû), 374

Osiris, Merodach identified with, 54;
worshipped at On, 264

Ostâu (Ostanes), 540, 543 ff.

Oxen, the hire of, 512

Padî of Ekron, 375, 376, 377

Palace, house bought for a, 441;
theft from a, 491, 492, 525

Palaces of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon, 552

Palastu (Philistia), 341 (_see_ Pilišta)

Palestine, Egyptian successes in, 270;
Assyrian do., 329, 336, etc. (Amurrū, Ḫattî)

Pallukatu (the Pallacopas), 70

Pâlûma, a captive, 302

Panbesa, letter of, 305

Pantibiblon, supposed to be Sippar, 63

Paphos, 387

Pap-sukal, the god, 433

Papyri of Elephantine, the, 539-544

Paradise, the Babylonian, description of, 71, 72;
its inaccessibility, 72

Pariktum (canal), 167

Partnership, 183

Party-walls or fences, 190

Pasturing, 496, 497

_Patesi_ (priest-kings or viceroys), 126

Patinians, Kalparundu of the, 334

Patriarchs before Abraham, 141 ff.

Paura (Pauru, Puuru), the king’s commissioner, 297, 298

Peek, Sir Cuthbert, 179

Pekah, 352-355

Pekod, 458

Pekodites, the, 347

Peleg, 145, 552
" 544 (note to p. 145)

Pelusium besieged, 378, 381

Penalties, for changing the words of a contract, 174;
for divorcing a wife, or denying a husband, and denying sisterhood (by
adoption), 175;
for denying an adopted son, an adopted father, 176, 177;
for denying a mistress (by a female slave), 185;
_see also_ 190, 191

Peniel or Penuel, 547

Pen-nekheb, officer of Thothmes I., 270

Pentaur, Egyptian poet, 304

People, the, in early Babylonia, 169-191

Persian rule in Babylonia, 423 ff.

Pethor (Pitru), 329

Petrie, Prof. Flinders, 250, 253, 274, 275, 292, 293, 297, 303, 312, 313;
upon the revival of native Egyptian power, 269;
on Amenophis II., 273;
monolith found by, 305

Pharaoh not drowned in the Red Sea, 307

Philistia (Pilišta, Palastu), 341, 352, 353, 361, 370

Phœnicia, 272, 360

Phœnix, the, 265

Physicians’ fees and liabilities, 510, 511

Pi-Beseth (Pi-Bast, Bubastis), 263

Piercing of Rahab, the, 530

Pilinussu, general of Hyspasines, 483

Pilišta (Philistia), 352, 353, 361

Pilot or boatman (of Gilgameš), 99;
(of the ship or ark), 104, 116

_Pirke di Rabbi Eliezer_, 307

Pir-napištim, the Babylonian Noah, 73;
Gilgameš sees him afar off, 99;
they converse, 100;
tells Gilgameš the story of the Flood, 101-108;
directs his wife to cure Gilgameš, 108;
tells him of a wonderful plant, 109;
he was a worshipper of Ea (Aê, Aa), 113, 114;
and was called also Atra-ḫasis, 107, 112, 117;
his faithfulness to the old deity Aê, 114;
his name probably Ut-napištim, 547

Pir’u of Musuri or Musri, 366, 370;
one of the kings of the sea-coast and the desert, 368

Pishon, river, 69, 70

Pisiris of Carchemish, 350, 367

Pithom, 305

Pittit, an Elamite, 483

Place of fate, the, 472

Plague of darkness, the, 309

Plantation, concerning a, 456, 457

Planting and plantations, 497

Plant making the old young, the, 75

Plants, Merodach creates, 40

Pliny, his reference to king Horus, 124

Polyhistor, 393

Polytheism, the difficulty of escaping it, 246

Potiphar, 255;
the name, 258

Poti-phera, meaning of, 258

Prayer to be freed from sin, 50-52

Presents, interchange of, 276

Priestesses and votaries, privileges of, 507, 508, 546 (180)

Priest of Nebo marries the daughter of Neriglissar, 442

Priests of On, the, 265

Primæval Ocean, the, 16

Principal cities, the, of Babylonia, 124

Procession-street at Babylon, the, 552

Profaning herself, of a temple-devotee, 499, 521

Property of officials, 493-495

Prostitution probably not compulsory, 443

Protection of caravans, the, 282

Prove purchase and gift, contracts to, 438, 439, 458

Ptolemy, 357, 358

Pul (= Pûlu, Poros), 357, 358

Pulug, Pulukku, or Peleg, 544

Pura-nunu (the Euphrates), 158

Purattu (Phuraththu), the Euphrates, 158

Purchase of a house, 460

Qarqara, royal city, 329, 330, 363;
the battle there, 556 ff.

Qatna, 290, 317

Qauš-gabri of Edom, 386

Quê, 371

Qutite, Qutites, 123, 170

Qutû, the land of, 420, 422;
old lamentation referring to the, 477.
_See_ Qutite

Râ or Rê, the Egyptian Sun-god, 254, 264

Râ-’Apop’i and the king of the south, 254

Rabbātum, land of, 224

Rabi-mur of Gebal, 288

Rab-mag (? = Rab-mugi), 408

Races, many, in Babylonia, 119, 169, 170, 541, 542

Rahab, 68, 530

Râ-Harmachis, 264

“Raian ibn el-Walid,” pharaoh, 263

Raising the spirit of Ea-banî, 110

Rameses I., 303

Rameses II., the pharaoh of the Oppression, 269, 304, 305, 307, 537

Rammānu (Rimmon), 160, 277

Ramoth-Gilead, 338

Ranke, Dr. Hermann, 148, 154 _n._

Raphia (Rapiḫu), 363

Râ-seqenen (Seqenen-Rê) III., 261

Rassam, Mr. Hormuzd, 38;
finds the gates of Balawat, 405, 556;
his reference to the Nahr-Malka, 159;
finds bas-relief and inscription of Ḫammurabi, 215;
cylinder of Cyrus, 411, 419;
his family in the East, 394

Raven, sending forth of the, 106

Rawlinson, Sir Henry, recognizes Eridu as a type of Paradise, 71;
his identification of Ur (Mugheir), 193;
and Kudur-mabuk, 222

Reaper, hire of a, 168

Receiver, liabilities of a, 492, 520

Rehoboth, Rehoboth-Ir, built by Asshur, 118, 127

Reisner, Dr. G. A., 156

Religion of the Western states, 277-279

Religious element, the, 159 ff.

Rent, 448

Reproaching the Amorite, 300

Repudiation of master by slave, 515 (law 282)

Resen, its origin, 126, 127

Respect for parents, 509, 522

Retaliation, the law of, 509, 510

Rezin, Rezon (Rasunnu), 350, 353, 355

Ria (the Egyptian Râ or Rê), 254

Rianappa, the representative of Egypt, 287

Rib-Addi of Gebal, etc., 293, 313

Rieu, Dr., 263

Right of way, tablet concerning, 459

Rim-Anu, king, 217

Rimmon (or Hadad), god of the atmosphere, identified with Merodach, 58;
in the Flood-story, 104, 277 (Addu, Rammānu)

Rîm-Sin, 164;
connection of this name with Eri-Aku, 216, 217;
capture of, 213, 214, 217;
inscription of, 220, 221

Rivers, the mouths of [which are on] both sides, 73;
the place of the Babylonian Paradise, 71, 72

Rost, Dr. P., 347, 348, 352

Royal family, the, among the people, 166-168

Royal letters, 165

Rubenstein, Dr. Otto, 544

Rubute, city, 299

Rûkipti of Askelon, 355, 356

Rutennu (Syrians), 303;
the Upper, 274;
Upper and Lower, 304;
conquered by Thothmes I., 270

Sabbath, the Babylonian, 27, 527, 528, pl. ii.

Sabeans, the, 203, 363

Sachau, Prof. E., 539 ff., 542

Sacrifice, the, on coming out of the ship (ark), 106

Sacrilegious theft, the punishment of, 553

Sadi-Tesub, son of Hattu-šar, 320

_Šadû_, _Šaddu_, “mountain,” “lord,” “commander,” 248

SA-GAS = _ḫabatu_, _ḫabbatu_, 291, 292, 538

Ša-imērišu, Imērisu (Syria of Damascus), 329, 334, 336, 337, 341, 354, 356

Sajur (river), 329

Šala, consort of Rimmon or Hadad, 212

Salatis, Hyksos king, 251

Salem, 239-241

Sale of a son by his parents, 435, 436

Sales of land, 237, 238;
slaves, 466, 559 ff.

_Šalim_, _šalimmu_, _Šulmanu_ (_Salmanu_), _Šalmanu nunu_, _šalāmu_,
239-241

Salmayātu, worshipped at Tyre, 278

Salvation, Babylonian desire for, 52

Samaria, 322;
Ben-Hadad’s attempts upon, 330, 333, 338;
Pekah’s flight from, 354, 355;
revolts, 363;
Menahem of, 350

Samarians, city of the, 350

Šamaš, the Sun-god, 77;
identified with Merodach, 58;
monsters guard him, 98;
appoints the time for the coming of the Flood, 103, 104, 115;
in Mitanni, 278

Šamaš-šum-ukîn, king of Babylon, 388

Sammu-ramat (Semiramis), 342, 343

Samsê, Samsi, queen of Arabia, 354, 363

Samsi-Adad III., king, 339

Samsimuruna, city, 386

Samsimurunâa, Menahem, the, 374

Samsu-iluna (king), 142;
length of his reign, 153;
tablets dated therein, 179, 180, 187, 188

Samsu-ṭitana, king, 153

Sân (deity), 156

Sân (Zoan), 263;
the inhabitants said to be of a different type from those of other
places in Egypt, 266

Sanaballat (Sinuballiṭ), governor of Samaria, 541, 543

Sanacharib (Sennacherib), 378, 381

Sangara of Carchemish, 329, 334;
called king of the Hattê, 321

Šaniāwa, name, 458

Saniru (Shenir), 336

Saosduchinos (Samaš-šum-ukîn), 388;
refuses to acknowledge his brother’s suzerainty, 391

Sapîa, city, 357

Saracos (Sin-šarra-iškun), 392, 396

Sarah, 148

Sarasar (Shareser), 378

Sardurri of Ararat, 347

Šargani (Sargon of Agadé), 124

Sargon of Agadé, 124, 313;
ruler of Amurrū, 215;
period and extent of his rule, 150;
_see also_ 549 ff.

Sargon (Sargina) the later, the Arkeanos of Ptolemy, 362;
his annals, 367;
his conquests, 322, 363-372;
his death, 372

Sarḫa (Zorah), 280

Sar-îli, name, 157, 245

Šarru and Šullat, foundation of a temple to, 162

Šarru, a captive, 302

Sarru-dûri, one of Darius’s captains, 456

Šarru-îlûa, servant of Neriglissar, 439

Šarru-lû-dâri of Askelon, 374

Šarru-lû-dâri of Zoan, 389 _n._

Sauê mountains, 349

Sayce, Prof., 14;
identifies the Babylonian story of Paradise, 71; 124;
researches in Hittite, 140, 318;
upon the Amorites and Tidalum, 311, 312;
his analysis of a Hittite name, 321;
see also 283 _n._, 332, 539 _n._

Scape-goat, Babylonian parallel to the, 53

Scheil, the Rev. V., 117, 487 ff., 536, 549, 558

Schrader, Prof. Eberhard, 143;
identifies Amraphel with Ḫammurabi, 209;
_see also_ 341, 342

Sea, the, personified by Tiamtu, 16, 67;
the abode of the god of knowledge, 62

Sea-coast, kings of the, 334, 335, 340

Seir, 296

Seizing the person for debt, 500, 521

Seleucia upon the Tigris, 476, 483, 484

Seleucus and the Babylonians, 476;
Seleucus and Antiochus, tablet dated in the reign of, 477, 478

Sellas river. _See_ Ṣilḫu

Semiramis, 342, 344

Semitic names replace the Akkadian, 125;
Semitic inscriptions more numerous, 119

Sennacherib, 129, 372, 373-384;
in Armenia, against Merodach-baladan, the Cosseans and Yasubigalleans,
Ḫatti (Sidon, Ekron, Hezekiah, etc.), 373-376;
before Lachish, 377, 382;
in Babylonia, 379;
Elam, 380;
against Egypt, 381;
his treatment of the Babylonians, 396;
his death, 383, 384, 550

Seqnen-Rê, the death of, 255 _n._

Šêri (Seir), 296

Serpent and magic plant, 109;
serpent-god and the abode of life, 532;
serpent-tempter, the 531

Serû-êṭirat, princess, 392

Sethos and Hephaistos, 549 (381)

Seti I., Meneptah, 304

“Seven” a round number, 263

Seven kings of Cyprus send tribute, 372

Seventh day, the Flood stops on the, 105;
the birds sent forth seven days later, 106;
duties of the, 528 (_see_ Sabbath)

Shaaraim, 297

Shaddai, a possible etymology of, 248

Shalam (Salamis), 305

Shalman, 239

Shalmaneser II., his accession, 328;
refers to Ahab and Ben-Hadad, 331 ff.;
Jehu son of Omri, 332, 337-339;
his death, 339

Shalmaneser III., his accession and expeditions, 344

Shalmaneser IV., his accession and expeditions, 357, 358-362

Share of the cultivator, the, 495, 525

Shareser, Sarasar, 378, 384, 385

Shasu Bedouin, the, 271, 304

Shaving the head in Egypt and Western Asia, 257

Sheep, the, of Neriglissar’s servant, 438

Shelemiah, son of Sauballaṭ, 541

Shem, 141

Shepherd kings, the, in Egypt, 251, 252 ff.

Shepherd loved by Ištar, her treatment of him, 96, 97

Sheshonq of Busiris, 389 _n._

Shinar (Babylonia), 118;
regarded as equivalent to Sumer, 119, 134;
its etymology, 548 ff.

Ship, Gilgameš and Ur-Šanabi embark in a, 99;
Gilgameš lies down in its “enclosure,” 108

Ship, Pir-napištim commanded to build one to escape the Flood, 102, 113;
its building and provisionment, 103, 114;
the embarkation, 103, 104, 115;
the pilot, 104, 116;
the god Uragala, 104;
Pir-napištim looks forth, 105;
the mountain of Niṣir, and the sending of the birds, 105;
Ellila’s anger and Aê’s kindness, 106, 107

Shrine of Râ at On, 265

Shrines of the gods at Babylon, 472

Shuhites, 319

_Shulchan Aroch_, the, 306

Sibitti-bi’ili of Gebal, 350

Sickness of the head, incantation against, 55, 56

Sidon in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, 277, 300;
its tribute to Shalmaneser II. (337), 338, 339;
conquered by Adad-nirari, 341;
Tiglate-pileser III., 360;
Sennacherib, 373;
Esarhaddon, 386;
Great and Little Sidon, 374

Sidonians (Ṣidunâa), 328, 337, 374

Ṣidqâ of Askelon, 374

Siduri, goddess, consulted by Gilgameš, 99

Sihon, 313

Ṣilḫu, river (the Sellas ?), 484, 561

Ṣili-Ištar and Iribam-Sin, their dissolution of partnership and the
lawsuit following, 183-185

Silili, mother of the horse beloved of Ištar, 96

Ṣilli-bêl of Gaza, 376, 386

Siluna, country of, 340

Similes, Babylonian, 52

Ṣimirra (Simyra), 348, 351

Simti-Šilhak, king, 219

Simyra (Ṣimirra, Ṣumuru), 277, 293, 313, 348, 351, 363

Sin, the Moon-god, identified with Merodach, 58;
worshipped at Ur and Sippar, 160, 194, 195;
also at Haran, 201, 202, 411

Sin-idinnam of Larsa, 165, 169, 218

Sinjar, 304

Sin-mâr-šarri-uṣur, servant of one of Nebuchadnezzar’s sons, 435

Sin-mubaliṭ, king, 153;
tablets of his reign, 178, 179, 180, 181

Sin-šarra-iškun (Saracos), the last king of Assyria, 392, 396

Sippar or Sippara (now Abu-Habbah), discovered by H. Rassam, 394;
its four names, 70;
supposed to be Sepharvaim, 158;
dated tablets from, 211;
captured by Tiglath-pileser, 347;
by Cyrus, 415, 416;
its gods, 415;
_see also_ 38, 63, 484

Sippara of Eden, 70

Sippar-Amnanu(m), 161, 552 ff.

Sippar-Ya’ruru (Aruru), 161, 165, 553

Sirara, forests of, 387

Sir’ilites (Sir’ilâa, Israelites), 329, 330, 332, 335, 337

Sirku, a Babylonian magnate, 454, 467 ff.

Širru, land of, 206, 207

Sirû, land of, 206, 207

Sisters, the, of Belshazzar, 450, 451

Slander, 504 (law 161)

Slavery, 182, 185-187, 515

Small Hittite states, 322

Smerdis, 424

Smith, George, publishes the Babylonian Creation-story, 14;
the original of Berosus’ Canon, 84; the Gilgameš-series, 90;
conducts the _Daily Telegraph_ expedition, 90;
and finds a fragment of the second Flood-story, 117;
arranges the series, 91, 93, 95;
identifies Arioch, 209;
concerning Shalmaneser IV., 359, 362

Smiting a father, 509 (law 195)

So, king of Egypt, 359, 365, 366

“Son of his God,” the, 86

“Sons of God,” the, 85

Sons of Syrian chiefs educated in Egypt, 274

Sons, the, of Yakinlû of Arvad, 390

Sothis period, 307

Spells, 491 (laws 1 and 2)

Sphinxes, Hyksos, 264

Spiegelberg upon the stele of Meneptah II., 306

Spirit of Ea-banî, the raising of, 110

Spirits of heaven and earth, invocation of, 56

Spirits of the departed, their lot, 111

Stars, creation of, 27

States regarded by the Assyrians as Hittite, 322

Steindorff’s translation of Zaphnath-paaneah, 257

Stele of Meneptah II., extract from the, 306

Stephen, Saint, 192

Storage and deposit, 500 (laws 120 ff.)

Storm at the coming of the Flood, description of the, 104, 105

Streets of Babylonian cities, 188, 189

Šu-anna (Su-ana), a part of Babylon, foreign gods taken thither, 414, 420;
Cyrus enters and receives tribute there, 420, 422;
_see also_ 433

Šu-ardatum, 299

Ṣuba’ or Ṣuma’, city of the land of, tablet dated at, 457

Subarte, 318

Šubbiluliuma, Hittite king, 537

Sūḫu and Maër, states, 319, 556

Šulmanu-ašarid (Shalmaneser), 239

Ṣuma’, land of. _See_ Ṣuba’

Šum-Addu (Šamu-Addu) of Šam-ḫuna, 279

Suma-îlu, king, 162, 163

Šumer (= Kengi), Sumerian, 119, 134;
texts (incantations), 39 ff., 55, 86, 120, 121

Šumer and Akkad, 541;
mentioned by Cyrus, 420;
in titles, 347, 421

Sumero-Akkadian, its nature, 120, 121;
early period, 552

Sumu, apparently a deity, 142;
names compounded with his, 142

Sumu-âbi, king, 153, 154

Sumu-Dagan, name, 142

Sumu-la-îli (king), his name, 142, 153, 154;
tablet dated in his reign, 173, 174;
(Sumulel), 181

Sumulel (= Sumu-la-îli), 181

Šumu-libšî, a witness, 167

Sun, a title of the kings of Egypt, 284, 286, 287, 289, 295

Sun, the city of the, 446

Sun the indicator of the seasons, 115

Sun-devotees, Babylonian, 161, 168

Sun-god, the, 58, 77, 92, 103, 115;
(_see_ Šamaš), worshipped at Sippar and Larsa, 160;
the centre of his worship in Egypt, 258

Sûqâain, tablet dated at, 457

Surgeons’ fees and penalties, 510

Surippak, where the gods decided to make a flood, 101;
the native place of Pir-napištim, 102

Suri or North Syria, the king of, 347

Sur-Šanabi (Ur-Šanabi), 540

Suru, land of, 206, 207

Susa, city of, 422

Susanchites, the, 391

Šûta, royal commissioner, 296

Šutadna of Akka (Accho), 281

Sutekh, the god of the Hyksos, 254

Sutî (Sutite, Sutites), 123, 158, 170, 291, 292, 368;
brigands, 283

Šûzubu (Nergal-usêzib), 380

Swallow, the, sent forth, 106

Swearing by the gods and the king, 162, 163, 174 ff.

Syncellus, 393

Syria, Egyptian successes in, 270, 271;
(Rameses II.), 304;
Syria in the time of Amenophis III., 274;
on the stele of Meneptah, 306;
Shalmaneser II. there, 336 ff.;
Adad-nirari, 341;
Shalmaneser III., 344;
Tiglath-pileser, 347, 351;
Sargon, 367;
Sennacherib, 373 ff.

Syrian campaigns, Thothmes I., 270

Tabal (Tubal), 367

Tablet of Good Wishes, the, 81

Tablets of Fate given to Kingu, 19;
taken by Merodach, who presses his seal upon them, 25

Tablets referring to Chedorlaomer, Tidal, and Arioch, 223 ff.

Tâdu-hêpa, princess of Mitanni, asked in marriage (? for Amenophis IV.),
276

Takhsi, near Aleppo, 273

Takrēta_in_ (?), tablet dated at, 439

Talents, parable of the, 525

Talmud, the, 195 _n._, 203

Tamessus, 387

Tamar, the case of, 525

Tammuz, in Akk. Dumu-zi or Du-mu-zida, 72, 82;
his names, 539;
possible parallel to the story of Cain and Abel, 83;
his wife, Ištar, causes him grief, 96;
his temple-tower at Agadé (Akkad), 136;
worshipped also at Eridu, 160;
in the west, 279;
early date of his worship, 555;
_see also_ 547

Tammuz of the Abyss, 43, 63, 65

Tâmtu, the coast-land, 122, 123

Tanis (Zoan), 264.
_See_ Sân

Taribu, queen, 173

Tarpelites, the, 391

Tašmêtum, spouse of Nebo, 213

Tauthé (= Tiamtu), 16, 67

Taylor Cylinder, 373

Teie (Teyi), the first wife of Amenophis III., 275, 276

Tel-Aššur (Til-Ašurri), 388

Tel-Basta (Bubastis), 264

Tel-el-Amarna tablets, 249, 275-302

Tel-Sifr ruin-mound, 176, 211, 214

Temâ, Babylonian city, 412

Temeni, land of, 343

Temple, gift of a, 162

Temple (Jewish) at Elephantine, 539 ff.;
destroyed, 540

Temple of Belus, the, 552

Temple of the Sun-god, declaration made in the, 184

Temples restored by the early kings, 161, 162;
benefited by Ḫammurabi, 489-491

Temple-towers, Babylonian, 136 ff.

Tenneb (Tunep, Dunip), 277;
its government, 280

Terah, traditions concerning, 146;
stated to have been an idolater, 147, 195;
his journey from Ur to Haran, 192, 195, 196;
his name compared, 544

Teraphim, the, 246, 524

Tešupa or Tešub, Hadad of Mitanni, 277

Teuwatti of Lapana, 289

Thargal, for Thadgal = Tidal, 232.
_See_ Tudḫula

Thebais, kings of, 252

Thebes and the Thebans, their aid in expelling the Hyksos, 269, 270;
the birthplace of Thothmes III., 271;
stronghold of Tirhakah, 389

Theft (death-penalty for), 491, 492;
by an _employé_, 513;
of things deposited, 501, 521;
_see also_ 520, 561

Thompson, Prof. Campbell, 559

Thoth, 264

Thothmes I., 270

Thothmes II., 271

Thothmes III., 271, 316

Thothmes IV., 274, 316

“Throne-bearers” of the gods, 82

Thureau-Daugin, Morsiem F., 218

Tiamat, 67. _See_ Tiamtu

Tiamtu or Tiawthu (= Tauthé), 16, 17, 33;
being joined by certain gods, prepares to fight, 18 ff.;
her husband Kingu, 19, 20;
terrifies the gods Anu and Nudimmud, 21;
caught by Merodach, 24, 131;
conquered, 25;
cut asunder, 26;
her head pierced, 31;
meaning of her name, 33, 67;
why applied, 68;
her desire to be the creator or producer, 34, 35;
how typified in the O. T., 68

Tiamtu, the sea-coast, 230

Tidal, 222.
_See_ Tudḫula

Tidalum = Tidnu = Amurrū, 312

Tidnu, the Akkadian name of Amurrū (the land of the Amorites), 206, 208,
312;
ideograph for, 312

Tiglath-pileser I., 129;
kills elephants in Mesopotamia and Lebanon, 200, 201;
attacks the Hittites, 318

Tiglath-pileser III., 346;
“king of Sumer and Akkad,” 347;
captures Arpad, 347;
Kullanû, etc., 348;
tribute from Syria, 350;
marches to Madâa, Nal, and Ararat, 351;
takes Gaza, 352;
marches to Damascus, helps Ahaz, 353;
describes the flight of the Syrian king, 354;
his conquests, 355, 356;
submission of Chaldean tribes, entry into Babylon, death, 357;
= Pul, 357, 358

Tigris and Euphrates, creation of, 40;
mentioned in Gen. i., 69;
rivers of the district of Sippar, 158;
and of Babylon, 471

Tigris, the, flows close to Nineveh, 393;
Cyrus and the districts of, 422;
Elamite incursions thither, 483.
_See_ Seleucia

Ti’imūṭusu, son of Aspāsinē, 483

Til-barsip, 328

Til-garimme (Togarmah), 271, 368

Tilla (= Ararat), 122, 208

Timašgi (regarded as Dimaški = Damascus), 290

Timnah (Tamnâ), 375

Tindir (Babylon), 420, 421

el-Tireh, 293

Tirhakah, 383, 388, 389

Tithes, payments of, 434

Title of the Gilgameš legend, 91

Togarmah (Tilgarimme), 271, 368

“Tooth for tooth,” 509

Topography of Babylon, 552

Tower of Babel, the Mohammedan legend of the, 551

Transcription of lines referring to Antiochus’s rule in Babylonia, 553

Tree-felling, 497 (law 59)

Towns in the ancient East, 188

Trade between Canaan and Babylonia, 281

Translation of the hero of the Flood, 108, 116

Translation, Semitic, inserted in the divided Akkadian lines, 38

“Tree of the drink of life” = the vine, 75

“Tree of knowledge,” 73;
the Babylonian parallel of the, 77

“Tree of life,” 73;
a Babylonian parallel of the, 75

Trees, sacred, of the Babylonians and Assyrians, 74-77, pl. III.

Tribes classed as Amorites, 311

Tribute of Carchemish of the Hittites, 321

Tubal, 367, 390

Tuckwell, the Rev. J., 551

Tudḫula, the probable Babylonian form of Tidal, 222, 223, 224, 227, 231,
232, 537, 554

Tukulti-Ninip I. annexes Babylonia, 327, 371

Tum or Tmu, 264

Tunep, Syrian town, 272;
its resistance, 305
(Dunip, Tenneb)

Ṭpašu, canal, 468

Turbazu killed, 296

Tušamilki of Muṣur, 390

Tutamû, king of Unqu, 348

Tutu, a name of Merodach, 30;
the explanation given, 45

Tûya, a captive, 302

Two wives, marriage-contracts for, 174, 175

Ty, Ay’s queen, 303

Tyre (Ṣurru), 277, 338, 339, 360, 373, 386, 400;
blockaded by Nebuchadnezzar, 490;
Ṣûru =? Tyre, 401;
contract dated at, 401

Tyre, the land of, conquered by Adad-nirari, 341

Tyre, Old (Palaetyrus), 360

Tyrians, the land of the, pays tribute, 328, 337, 350;
resists Shalmaneser IV., 360

Ube, Syria of Damascus, 290

Udumu, 310;
(Edom), 322, 341, 370, 374, 386

Ugga, the god of Death, 36

Ukabu’šama, daughter of Nabonidus, 451

Ukîn-zēr (Chinzeros), 356, 357

Ukka, 127

Ukus, patesi, 124

Ul-Šamaš, city, 213

Umbara-Tutu, father of Pir-napištim, 102

Ummanaldas of Elam, 391

Umman-manda, the, 230, 392

Ummu Ḫubur, a designation of Tiamtu, 18

Unknown tongue, an, 140

Unlawful pasturing, 496, 521

Unqu, 348

Unskilful surgical treatment, penalties for, 510, 511

Unug, Akkadian form of the name of Erech, 84

Upaḫḫir-bêlu, eponymy of, 372

Upê, Upia (Opis), 439, 458, 459

Upê-rabi, “Opis is great,” name, 182

Upšukenaku, the place of assembly of the gods, 21

Ur (of the Chaldees), 124;
its temple-tower, 136, 193-195;
= Urie or Camarina, 146, 147, 196, 197;
identified with Mugheir, 193;
possibly really Uri or Ura (Akkad), 197;
rebels against Assyria, 386;
Nabonidus’s inscriptions at, 414, 415;
name of its wall or fortification, 220

Ura, god of pestilence, 107;
legend of Ura, 122;
“Ura the unsparing,” 228;
invoked by Evil-Merodach, 409

Ura-gala and the ship (ark), 104

Urarṭu (Ararat), 127.
_See_ Urtū

Uraš, god of Dailem, 279;
the great gate of, 468

Urbi, the, 376, 557

Urdamanê, son of Sabaco, 389

Urfa (Orfa), the traditional Ur of the Chaldees, 192, 193

Uri or Ura = Akkad, 122, 134

Urie (Ur of the Chaldees), 146;
a centre of lunar worship, 147

Urikku of the Kûites, 350

Uriwa, the Akkadian form of Ur (Mugheir), 193 ff.

Ur-kasdim (Ur of the Chaldees), 193.
_See_ Ur of the Chaldees

Urraḫinaš, Hittite city, 320

Ursalimmu (Jerusalem), 375, 376

Ur-Šanabi, the pilot or boatman, accompanies Gilgameš to see Pir-napištim,
99;
takes the hero to be cleansed, 109;
returns with him to Erech, 109, 110;
Sur-Šanabi, 548

Urṭū (apparently short for Urarṭu), Ararat, 122, 208

Uru (in Uru-salim), probably from the Akkadian, 241

Uru-gala, the image of, 480, 561

_Uruk supuri_, “Erech the walled,” 91

Uru-ku, the dynasty of, 154

Urumaians (Hittites), 318

Uru-milki of Gebal, 374

Uru-salim (Jerusalem), 234, 239

Uruwuš (king), 124

Usertesen I., 261

Uštan(n)u (Ostanes), 543 ff.

Ut-napištim, 548

Van, 127, 367

Vannites, 391

Venus, 203.
_See_ Istar

Veterinary surgeons’ fees and penalties, 511

Vicious cattle, laws concerning, 512, 523

Village settlements, growth of, 171

Vine, the, 75

Vine of the Babylonian Paradise, 71

Violation, penalty for, 501, 521

Virgins, priestesses, and hierodules, 508

Vowel-changes in the Akkadian dialects, 241

Waidrang, governor of Elephantine, 539

Wall built at Ur (Uriwa) by Eri-Aku, 220

Ward, Dr. W. Hayes, conductor of the Wolfe expedition, 70

“Warehouse of the king’s gifts,” the, 445

Water, concerning the king’s, etc., 446

“Waters of death,” the, 99

Way, the Rev. Dr. J. P., 155

Weissbach, Dr., 556, 558

Wedding-gift, the bridegroom’s, 553

West called Amurrū (Amoria, the land of the Amorites), 205

West-land, no record of an expedition to, in the reign of Ḫammurabi, 214,
215;
his claim to this tract, 215

West-Semitic deities, 156;
names, 157

Whitehouse, Mr. F. Cope, 263

Wiedemann, Prof., 253

Wife of Pir-napištim prepares the magic food, 108, 109

Wife-seeking, Abraham’s, for his son, parallels to, 524

Wild animals damage by, 512, 523

Winckler, Dr. Hugo, 235, 297, 537, 538

Wine-women, 499 (laws 108 ff.)

Wišyari, a captive, 302

Witnesses necessary, 500, 501;
names of, 162, 237, 238, etc.

Working an ox unlawfully, 512, 523

Working-off debt, 500 (law 117)

Workmen, hire of, 188, 514

Worship, lines upon, 49

Xenophon, 422

Xerxes, forms of his name, 428

Yaana or Yawani, a Hittite, 369, 370

Yaanana. _See_ Yatnana.

Yâ, Ya’u, Au, Aa, names containing, 59

Yâ-abî-ni, name, 60

Yabitiri, governor of Gaza and Jaffa, 279;
to the king of Egypt, 284

Yabušu, name, 324

Ya-Dagunu, name, 59

Ya’enḫamu (Yanḫamu), 298

Yahu (Jah, Jehovah), temple of, at Elephantine, 539 ff., 544

Yahwah, 342.
_See_ -yāwa

Yakinlû of Arvad, 389;
sends his sons to Assur-banî-âpli, 390

_Yakubu_, _Yakubi_, _Yakub-îlu_, _Ya’kubi-îlu_ (Jacob, Jacob-el), and
other similarly-formed names, 157, 183, 243-245, 554

Yamutbālu, Emutbālu, conquered by Ḫammurabi, 211, 212, 214, 216

Yanḫamu, an Egyptian official, 285, 295, 298

Yanzû, king of Na’iri or Mesopotamia, 367

Yapa-Addu, 293

Yapti’-Addu killed, 296

Yapu, Yappu (Jaffa), 285, 375

Yaraqu traversed by Shalmaneser, 334, 349

Yasubigalleans, 373

_Yašupum_, _Yašup-îlu_ (Joseph, Joseph-el), and other similarly-formed
names, 157, 243

Yatnana (Yaanana), Cyprus, 387

Ya’u, Yaum, etc., 535, 536;
suggested etymology of, 113;
supposed to have been identified with Aa or Ea, 18

Yaua (Jehu), 337, 339

Yau-bi’idi (= Ilu-bi’idi) of Hamath, 322, 363, 366

Yaudu, Yaudi (Judah), 370, 386, 389

Yaum-îlu, name, meaning “Jah is God” (Joel), 199 _n._

Ya’wa, Yâwa, 535

-yāwa, names ending in, 458, 465, 470, 471

Ya(’)we-îlu, name, 535

Yeb (Elephantine), 539 ff.;
meaning of the name, 544

Yedoniah of Elephantine, 539 ff.

Yehohanan (Johanan or John), 540, 542

Yidia of Askelon to the king of Egypt, 286, 287

Yoke of Assyria thrown off by Nabopolassar, 550

Young, plant to make the old, 109

Zabibé, queen of Arabia, 350

Zabû, Zabium (king), 153;
tablets dated in his reign, 174, 183, 237

Zagaga, god of battle, identified with Merodach, 58;
temple of, at Kiš, 213, 214, 415, 489

Zahi (Phœnicia), 270

Zaphnath-paaneah, Steindorff’s translation of, 257

Zarephath (Sareptu), 374

Zedekiah, captured, 400.
_See_ Mattaniah

Zelah, 297

Zēru-kênu-lîsir, son of Merodach-baladan, 386

Zēr-panitum, consort of Merodach, 160, 212;
swearing by, 433;
invocation of, 466;
_see also_ 472, 479

Zērû-Bâbîli (Zerubbabel, better Zeru-Babel), a frequent name, 425, 441,
559

Zeus (Belos), 137

_Zikurat Babili_, 139

Zilû city, 296

Zimmern, Prof. H., 68, 536, 546

Zimrêda of Sidon, hostile to Egypt, 293;
Zimrêda of Lachish, threatened, 296;
another Z., 556

Ziri-Bašani (field of Bashan), 277

Zoan, supposed place where Joseph met Pharaoh, 253

Zubuduru, messenger of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, 434

FOOTNOTES

1 Written on the edge of the tablet in the Assyrian copy.

2 Cf. the royal names, Anman-ila, Buntaḫtun-ila, etc., in the
so-called Arabic Dynasty of Babylon. (P. 154.)

3 Literally “he who feareth not his god.”

4 The Akkadian line has “the sickness (disease) of the head.”

_ 5 Cuneiform Inscriptions and the O.T._, 2nd edit. vol. i. p. 28.

6 A later explanation by Prof. Sayce is, that Enoch may be Ḫana, “on
the east side of Babylonia,” with the determinative suffix _ki_
(making Ḫanaki) added. See _Expository Times_, Jan. 1902, p. 179.

7 In this description of the contents of the 12 tablets referring to
Gilgameš, the common reading of the name of his friend and companion
has been retained, partly to keep a form which was more or less
familiar, and partly because the reading is doubtful. From the new
text discovered by Meissner, however, the name would seem not to be
Êa-bani, but Êa-du or Enki-du. Future discoveries may ultimately
give us the true reading.

8 Variant, “with loud voice.”

9 Variant, “Maḫ.”

10 Compare the story of Aesculapius, who, when in the house of Glaucus,
killed a serpent, upon which another of these reptiles came with a
herb in its mouth, wherewith it restored its dead companion to life.
Aesculapius was to all appearance luckier than Gilgameš, for it was
with this herb that he restored the sick and dead, whereas the
Babylonian hero seems to have lost the precious plant.

11 Apparently meaning the same as if the word “artificers” only had
been used. Compare the expression “a son of Babylon” for “a
Babylonian.”

12 Marshall Brothers, Paternoster Row.

13 The Assyrians, when referring to Babylonia, generally call it
“Akkad,” which ought rather, therefore, to be the district nearest
to them—that is, the northern part of the country, immediately south
of their own borders. They also called this part Karduniaš, one of
the names by which it was known in Babylonia.

14 See p. 122.

15 Other possible instances of the occurrence of this element in names
of this time are Zumu-rame, Šumu-ḫammu (apparently for Sumu-ḫammu),
Sumu-ḫala, Samu-abum, Samukim, Sumu-entel (so probably to be read
instead of Sumu-ente-al), Sumu-ni-Ea, “Our Shem is Ea,” and in all
probability many others could be found. (See Hommel, _Ancient Hebrew
Tradition_.)

16 For further information upon Babylonia and Egypt, compare Prof. F.
Hommel’s “Der babylonische Ursprung der ägyptischen Kultur,”
München, G. Franz, 1892. A new etymology of Arpachshad, very similar
to that of Prof. Schrader, has, however, lately been suggested by
Prof. Sayce, and afterwards by Prof. Hommel, who has apparently
abandoned that given above.

17 See the tablet translated on pp. 182-183, and compare the documents
quoted on pp. 174, 178 ff., 180, 184, 185, 186-7.

18 In consequence of variations in the lists, there is doubt as to the
total of the reigns of the above kings. The shorter indications have
been given above, as far as the reign of Samsu-iluna. A small tablet
from Babylon (Rassam excavations) gives Sumu-abi 15, Sumu-la-ila 35,
Zabû 14, Abil-Sin 18, Sin-mubaliṭ 30, Ḫammurabi 55, and Samsu-iluna
35—total, with the others, 304 years instead of 285. Perhaps there
were usurpers, whose reigns have not been included. There seems to
have been an interregnum after the reign of Samu-abi (_Proceedings
of the Society of Biblical Archæology_, 1899, p. 161).

19 Or _Buntaḫtun-ila_, in an inscription published by Hermann Ranke
(_Pennsylvania Expedition_, vol. VI., part 1, 1906).

20 The name really seems, however, to be Sumuenteal, probably a
scribe’s error.

21 Or “heroic son”—_dumu ursa[ga?]_.

22 The Ebišum of the chronological lists.

23 Yosephia and Habe-Ibraheem.

24 See the _Quarterly Statement_ of the Palestine Exploration Fund,
July 1900, pp. 262, 263.

25 An interesting commentary on this is furnished by the British Museum
tablet K, 2100, which informs us that the god Rimmon or Hadad was
called _Addu_ or _Dadu_ in Amorite, _Tešsub_ in the language of _Su_
(Mesopotamia), _Maliku_ in the language of _Suḫ_, (the Shuites),
_Kunzibami_ in Elamite, and _Buriaš_ in Kassite. The same
inscription also states that the word for “God” was _ene_ in _Su_,
_nab_ in Elamite, _malaḫum_ in Amorite, _kiurum_ in Lulubite,
_mašḫu_ in Kassite, and gives the additional synonyms (? in
Babylonian) _qadmu_, “he who was first,” _digirū_ (from the Akkadian
_dingir_, “god”), and also, seemingly, _ḫilibu._

26 To all appearance letters were originally read out to the person
addressed by a professional reader.

27 This often happens, the most interesting case being the tablets
referring to Bunanitum, four in number, acquired in 1876, 1877, and
a year or two later. Another of the series is in New York. Cf. pp.
459-465.

28 I have purposely given the translation of the inner tablet, that of
the envelope being less simply worded, and therefore not quite so
easy to understand. The list of witnesses, however, is from the
envelope, this being much more satisfactory in that it gives the
father’s name and the title of the person in some cases.

29 The envelope here adds: “At no future time shall he make a claim.”

30 This is apparently an expression taken from the contracts referring
to the purchase of houses, in which the same set phrases were used.

31 In the list of household goods inscribed on the tablet Bu. 91-5-9,
337, are enumerated 1 bed, 1 couch, 2 tables, other objects, mostly
of wood, to the number of 42; 7 pots, 1 chair, 4 _ušratum_ (probably
vessels containing the tenth part of some measure), 5 _hamsatum_
(probably vessels containing the fifth part of a measure), 31 _qa_
of sesame, and a few other things.

32 Generally read Ê-giš-šir-gal.

33 Probably the first line of the next tablet.

34 The Talmud says that Terah worshipped twelve divinities, one for
each month of the year.

35 There was a temple of the sun and the moon at a town at no great
distance from Ur [Mugheir], now represented by the mounds of
Tel-Sifr, where a number of tablets with envelopes were found.

36 One of the most interesting names found in the texts of this period
is that of Yaum-îlu, “Jah is God,” occurring in a letter. Yau (Jah)
was one of the Babylonian words indicating the Supreme God, only
used, however, in special cases. (Cf. pp. 58 ff.)

37 See the inscription translated on p. 155.

38 In inscriptions referring to Haran the Moon-god bears this name.

39 Apparently the god Sin, through the priest, his representative. For
Esarhaddon’s successes in Egypt, see p. 388.

40 The _ayin_ of the second element must have been pronounced like the
Arabic _ghain_, making ’Atar-ghata, which would probably be a better
transcription.

41 A corrupt form of the same name.

42 This is probably not the land of Ḫana referred to on p. 84, note,
which was apparently a Babylonian principality, and retained its
independence to a comparatively late date. It was a district which
had especially skilful stone- and metal-workers.

43 A doubtful rendering.

44 Or “Year of the images of the 7 gods.”

45 Or “Year of (the temple) Ê-namḫe.”

46 It may just be mentioned that date 30, “Year of the army of Elam,”
if correctly rendered, may refer to the Elamite expedition to the
West, but it seems more likely that it records a disaster to the
Elamite arms, which enabled Ḫammurabi to overthrow Rîm-Sin of
Emutbālu next year.

47 A deity, probably the god of destruction.

48 Further details will be found in the paper, _Certain Inscriptions
and Records_, etc. in the _Journal of the Victoria Institute_,
1895-96, pp. 43-90. Published also separately.

49 The word _ḳâtu_, “hand,” in Semitic Babylonian, means also “power,”
and as an explanatory gloss, the scribe has introduced the Hebrew
זרוע or עורז, _zuruḫ_ in Assyrian transcription, meaning “arm,” or,
here, “power.” Apparently he was afraid that _ḳâtu_ would not be
understood.

50 In this connection Maspero’s remarks upon this fragment (_Records of
the Past_, 2nd series, vol. ii. p. 43) are worth repeating. He
points out that there were three Pharaohs named Soqnun-rî (=
Seqnen-Rê), and he implies that it was in all probability the last
of these which is referred to. He perished by a violent death,
perhaps in battle against the Hyksos themselves. “He had shaved his
head the morning before, ‘arraying himself for the combat like the
god Montu,’ as the Egyptian scribes would say. His courage led him
to penetrate too far into the ranks of the enemy; he was surrounded
and slain before his companions could rescue him. The blow of an axe
removed part of his left cheek and laid bare the teeth, striking the
jaw and felling him stunned to the ground; a second blow entered far
within the skull, a dagger or short lance splitting the forehead on
the right side a little above the eye. The Egyptians recovered the
body and embalmed it in haste, when already partly decomposed,
before sending it to Thebes and the tomb of his ancestors.... The
author of the legend may probably have continued the story down to
the tragic end of his hero. The scribe to whom we owe the papyrus on
which it is inscribed must certainly have intended to complete the
tale; he had recopied the last lines on the reverse of one of the
pages, and was preparing to continue it when some accident
intervened to prevent his doing so.... It is probable, however, that
it went on to describe how Soqnun-rî, after long hesitation,
succeeded in escaping from the embarrassing dilemma in which his
powerful rival had attempted to place him. His answer must have been
as odd and extraordinary as the message of ’Apôpi, but we have no
means even of conjecturing what it was.”

51 Compare the name of the well near which Hagar the Egyptian woman
fell down exhausted when fleeing from Sarai, Abraham’s wife: “The
well of _the living one_ who seeth me.”

52 Driver, in Hastings’s _Dictionary of the Bible_, under Joseph.

53 Or “to each hungry person.”

54 This and other transcriptions of the name into cuneiform character
suggests that it was generally pronounced Neb-mu’a-Re’a.

55 Another god of Mitanni seems to have been Eaašarri, probably from
the Babylonian _Êa šarru_, “Êa (Aê) the king.” Other Mitannian
deities are Šimîgi and Sušbi.

56 Compare the Arabic _eshāra_, “sign.”

57 Nin-urmuru (?) is only a provisional transcription, being at least
partly Akkadian. Her name in all probability began with _Bêlit_,
“lady of” = _Bâalat_. As the name ends with the plural sign, the
question naturally arises whether it may not be practically a
title—“Lady of the Urmuru” (?), or something of the kind.

_ 58 I.e._ to king Amenophis, to whom he was writing.

59 In all probability this is metaphorically spoken, and means simply
that he captured him. The feet of those vanquished in battle were
sometimes cut off, but it is hardly likely that a man would survive
this without medical treatment.

60 Lit. “stood before him.”

61 Lit. “a servant of faithfulness.”

62 Lit. “I look thus, and I look thus.”

63 It is doubtful whether the full form of the name is preserved, the
tablet being broken at this point.

64 Ḫani-galbat is identified with northern Mesopotamia (Aram-Naharaim),
and was the land ruled over by Dušratta, king of Mitanni, a synonym
of which, at least in part, the district known as Ḫani-galbat was.
Ḫana-galbat is apparently a variant spelling.

65 Or “the keeper of thy horses.” The dual sign before the word
“horses” suggests that “attendant,” “guardian,” or “driver” of the
two horses of the king’s chariot is meant. The expression is
apparently intended merely to indicate the writer’s position as
vassal.

66 Lit. “to whose head,” apparently meaning “to whose self” = “to
whom.”

67 Thus in the original—apparently Abdi-ṭâba thought that “they
backbite” (_îkalu karsi_) might not be understood.

68 The name is lost.

69 The number is lost.

70 This number is incomplete.

71 Lit. “taken hostility against me.”

72 Lit. “there is alliance to all the governors.”

73 The scribe has left out a wedge in the middle character, making the
name _Kapasi_.

74 Apparently meaning that Milki-îli, pretending to be faithful to the
king of Egypt, intended to ask him, later on, for the territory
governed by Lab’aya and Arzawa, in order to give it back to them,
they having forfeited it by their rebellion.

75 So Naville and others.

76 Sothis rose heliacally on the 9th of Epiphi of the 9th year (1545
B.C.) of Amenophis I. Amosis, his predecessor, ruled twenty-two
years, so that his first year must be 1575 B.C. Subtract 240 years,
the period of oppression, from 1575, and we obtain 1335 as the date
of the Exodus.

77 Mahler suggests that it was one of the sons of Rameses II. who met
with his death in the Red Sea when pursuing the departing
Israelites.

78 Also Abdi-Aširta, Abdi-Ašratum.

79 Lit. “chariots of the harness of their yoke.”

80 Prof. Sayce translates “like moon-stone I laid low.”

81 Or “fear which dreaded.”

82 These words _(ša mât Ḫat-ta-a-a_) are inserted in this place in
squeeze 84.

83 See the list, p. 374 (with 373 and 378). Amurrū (Amoria, p. 374)
appears as in Ḫatti (p. 373), or synonymous with it.

84 Lit. “of his decision.”

85 See p. 224.

86 The land of the Amorites.

87 Or Šizanians.

88 Only eleven are mentioned.

89 The god of death and battle.

90 Thus in the inscription, but translators generally read _Gilzanu_.

_ 91 Guide to the Nimroud Central Saloon_, p. 31. This rendering is
based on a careful comparison of the inscription with the
bas-relief.

92 “Son of Ê-saggil” means that he was one of the deities worshipped in
the temple bearing that name. The god Ninip is called “son of
E-sarra,” for the same reason. Nebo was especially worshipped,
however, at Ê-zida.

93 “The broad (land of) ... li,” however, occurs, and, as Professor
Hommel actually suggests, may be a reference to _Nap-ta-li_ or
Naphtali.