Chapter XIX: Epilogue: By J. M

“That is the story of what the Modern School was, is, and ought to be.” When Ferrer wrote this, in the summer of 1908, he was full of plans for the continuation of his work in various ways. He was fostering such free schools as the Government still permitted. He was promoting his “popular university,” and multiplying works of science and sociology for the million. His influence was growing, and he saw with glad eyes the light breaking on the ignorant masses of his fellows. In the summer of 1909 he came to England to study the system of moral instruction which, under the inspiration of the Moral Instruction League, is used in thousands of English schools. A friend in London begged him never to return to Spain, as his life was sought. He knew it, but nothing would divert him from his ideal. And three months later he was shot, among the graves of criminals, in the trenches of Montjuich.

Form your own opinion of him from his words. He conceals nothing. He was a rebel against religious traditions and social inequalities; he wished children to become as resentful of poverty and superstition as he. There is no law of Spain, or of any other country, that forbids such enterprise as his. He might be shot in Russia, of course; for the law has been suspended there for more than a decade. In Spain men had to lie in order to take his life.

With the particular value of his scheme of education I am not concerned. He was well acquainted with pædagogical literature, and there were few elementary schools in Spain to equal his. Writers who have spoken slightingly of his school, apart from its social dogmas, know little or nothing about it. Ferrer was in close and constant association with two of the ablest professors in the university of Barcelona, one of whom sent his children to the school, and with distinguished scholars in other lands. There was more stimulating work done in the Modern School than, probably, in any other elementary school in Spain, if not elsewhere. All that can be questioned is the teaching of an explicit social creed to the children. Ferrer would have rejoined that there was not a school in Europe that does not teach an explicit social creed. But, however we may differ from his creed, we cannot fail to recognise the elevated and unselfish idealism of the man, and deplore the brutality and illegality with which his genial life was prematurely brought to a close.

NOTES

[1] This was in the early eighties, when Ferrer, then in his early twenties, was secretary to the republican leader Ruiz Zorrilla. To this phase of his career, which he rapidly outgrew, belongs the revolutionary document which was malignantly and dishonestly used against him twenty-five years afterwards.—J. M.

[2] Mlle. Meunier died, leaving about £30,000 unconditionally to Ferrer, before he returned to Spain in 1900.—J. M.

[3] These societies are particularly numerous in Spain, where the government system of education is deplorable, and schools are often established in connection with them.—J. M.

[4] It is especially commended in the life of Benedict J. Labré and others that they deliberately cultivated filthiness of person.—J. M.

[5] These articles are reproduced in the Spanish edition. As they are not from Ferrer’s pen, I omit them.—J. M.

[6] £20 a year is a not uncommon salary of masters and mistresses in Spain, and many cannot obtain even that.—J. M.

[7] It should be stated that both the writers are Anarchists, in the sense I have indicated in the Preface. Except on special subjects—the famous geographer Odón de Buen, for instance, co-operated with Ferrer in regard to geography—no other writers were likely to embody Ferrer’s ideals. All, however, were as opposed to violence as Ferrer himself, and Mr. W. Archer has shown in his life of Ferrer that the charges brought against Mme. Jacquinet by Ferrer’s persecutors at his trial are officially denied by our Egyptian authorities.—J. M.

[8] Extract from a speech delivered by Donoso Cortés at his admission into the Academy.

[9] Haeckel’s Riddle of the Universe, Chap. I.

[10] I omit some of Ferrer’s short comments on these specimens of reasoning and sentiment, as he regards them. One can recognise the echo of the teacher’s words. The children were repeating their catechism. But (1) this is no catechism of violence and class-hatred, and (2) there is a distinct appreciation of the ideas and sentiments on the part of the children. I translate the passages as literally as possible.—J. M.

[11] This letter and the preceding essays are given in the Spanish edition. As they are a repetition of the sentiments expressed in the extracts already given, it is unnecessary to reproduce them here. Except that I have omitted papers incorporated by Ferrer, but not written by him, this is the only modification I have allowed myself.—J. M.

[12] The Modern School was closed after Ferrer’s arrest in 1906.—J. M.