Chapter III: Appendix: Iv.--Proclamation as to Canal Toll Rates 343

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Col. George W. Goethals, U.S.A. _Frontispiece_ Chairman and Chief Engineer Isthmian Canal Commission.

Col. William C. Gorgas 144 Medical Department, U.S. Army, Head of the Department of Sanitation, Ancon.

Culebra Cut, from West Bank 192

Gatun Locks, looking South-West 201

Gatun Upper Lock, looking North 208

Gatun Upper Lock--West Chamber 216

Pedro Miguel Locks 224

DATE HISTORY OF THE CANAL.

Conquest of Constantinople by Turks 1453

Columbus's First Voyage 1492

Columbus discovers Bay of Limon 1497

Rodrigo de Bastidas, Balboa, and La Cosa reach the Isthmus 1500

Columbus's Fourth Voyage, vainly seeks the strait 1502

Balboa sights the Pacific Sept. 25, 1513

Pedrarias founds the old town of Panama 1519

Magellan discovers the straits that bear his name 1519-21

Gonzalez de Avila discovers Lake Nicaragua 1522

The quest of Isthmian Strait given up as hopeless _circa_ 1532

Gomara appeals to Charles V. to construct canal 1551

Drake sights the Pacific 1573

Philip III. directs surveys for Darien Canal 1616

English seize Jamaica 1655

Henry Morgan destroys old Panama 1671

Paterson's settlement at Panama 1698

Spanish surveys of Tehuantepec and Nicaragua 1771 and 1779

Von Humboldt's residence in Central America 1799-1804

Panama declares its independence and joins New Granada 1822

Overtures made by Central America to United States for canal 1825

Goethe's prophecies 1827

Dutch canal concession from Nicaraguan Government 1829
abandoned 1830

British Honduras annexed by Great Britain 1835

United States Treaty with New Granada 1846

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 1850

Panama Railway opened to traffic 1855

Dickinson-Ayon Treaty between United States and Nicaragua 1868

President Grant recommends canal under United States control 1869

Appoints Interoceanic Canal Commission 1869

Suez Canal opened 1869

La Societe Civile Internationale du Canal Interoceanique founded 1876

Grant's Commission reports in favour of Nicaraguan route 1876

The De Lesseps Company formed 1878

Company starts work 1881

Bankruptcy of French company 1889

New Panama Company formed 1889

Construction work at Nicaragua 1890-3

Ferdinand de Lesseps died 1894

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901

Spooner Act 1902

Panama revolts from Colombia 1903

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty 1904

American occupation of Isthmus begins 1904

Completion of canal 1914

Formal opening 1915

THE PANAMA CANAL.