Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: VI

THE ARTICLES OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES RELATING TO SHANTUNG

ARTICLE 156

Germany renounces, in favour of Japan, all her rights, title and privileges--particularly those concerning the territory of Kiaochow, railways, mines, and submarine cables--which she acquired in virtue of the Treaty concluded by her with China on March 6, 1898, and of all other arrangements relative to the Province of Shantung.

All German rights in the Tsingtao-Tsinanfu Railway, including its branch lines, together with its subsidiary property of all kinds, stations, shops, fixed and rolling stock, mines, plant and material for the exploitation of the mines, are and remain acquired by Japan, together with all rights and privileges attaching thereto.

The German State submarine cables from Tsingtao to Shanghai and from Tsingtao to Chefoo, with all the rights, privileges and properties attaching thereto, are similarly acquired by Japan, free and clear of all charges and encumbrances.

ARTICLE 157

The movable and immovable property owned by the German State in the territory of Kiaochow, as well as all the rights which Germany might claim in consequence of the works or improvements made or of the expenses incurred by her, directly or indirectly, in connection with this territory, are and remain acquired by Japan, free and clear of all charges and encumbrances.

ARTICLE 158

Germany shall hand over to Japan within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty the archives, registers, plans, title-deeds and documents of every kind, wherever they may be, relating to the administration, whether civil, military, financial, judicial or other, of the territory of Kiaochow.

Within the same period Germany shall give particulars to Japan of all treaties, arrangements or agreements relating to the rights, title or privileges referred to in the two preceding Articles.

[Footnote 1: Reprinted from Senate Doc. No. 106, 66th Congress, 1st Session, p. 1163.]

[Footnote 2: From the address of President Wilson delivered at a Joint Session of Congress on January 8, 1918.]

INDEX

Abrogation of treaties contrary to the League, in Wilson's original
draft; in Treaty,

Affirmative guaranty of territory and independence, plan; Wilson adopts,
in Fourteen Points; Lansing's opposition; constitutional and
political arguments against; Lansing's "self-denying covenant" as
substitute; in Wilson's original draft and in Treaty; as continuing
balance of power; Wilson adheres to; not in Cecil plan; in Lansing's
resolution of principles; other substitute; as reason for rejection
of Treaty by Senate; retained in reported Covenant; and dominance of
Great Powers. _See also_ Equality of nations; League;
Self-denying covenant.

Albania, disposition.

Alliances. _See_ French alliance.

Alsace-Lorraine, to be restored to France.

Amendment of League, provision for.

American Bar Association, Lansing's address.

American Commission, members; ignored in League negotiations; conference
of January 10; ignorant of preliminary negotiations; question of
resignation over Shantung settlement; shares in Shantung
negotiations. _See also_ Bliss; House; Lansing; White; Wilson.

American Peace Society.

American programme, lack of definite, as subject of disagreement;
Fourteen Points announced; not worked out; insufficiency of Fourteen
Points; Lansing's memorandum on territorial settlements; effect of
President's attendance at Conference; embarrassment to delegates of
lack; _projet_ of treaty prepared for Lansing; President resents it;
no system or team-work in American Commission; reason for President's
attitude; no instructions during President's absence; results of
lack; and Preliminary Treaty; influence of lack on Wilson's
leadership; text of Fourteen Points.

Annunzio, Gabriele d', at Fiume.

Arabia, disposition. _See also_ Near East.

Arbitral Tribunal, in Lansing's plan.

Arbitration, as form of peace promotion; in Lansing's plan; in Wilson's
original draft; in Cecil plan; in Treaty. _See also_ Diplomatic
adjustment; Judicial settlement.

Armenia, mandate for; protectorate. _See also_ Near East.

Armistice, American conference on.

Article X. _See_ Affirmative guaranty.

Assembly (Body of Delegates), in Wilson's original draft; analogous body
in Cecil plan; in Treaty.

Auchincloss, Gordon, and drafting of League.

Austria, Archduchy and union with Germany, outlet to sea.

Austria-Hungary, dissolution; Fourteen Points on subject people.

Azerbaidjan, Wilson and.

Baker, Ray Stannard, and Shantung.

Balance of power, Clemenceau advocates; Wilson denounces; and Cecil
plan; League and. _See also_ Affirmative guaranty; Equality of
nations.

Balfour, Arthur, signs French alliance.

Balkans, Fourteen Points on. _See also_ states by names.

Belgium, and Anglo-Franco-American alliance, full sovereignty,

Bessarabia disposition,

Bliss, Tasker H. American delegate, opposes affirmative guaranty, and
Covenant as reported, and proposed French alliance, and Shantung,
letter to President, _See also_ American Commission; American
programme.

Body of Delegates. _See_ Assembly.

Boers, and self-determination,

Bohemia, disposition,

Bolshevism, peace as check to spread,

Bosnia, disposition,

Boundaries, principles in drawing,

Bowman, Isaiah, Commission of Inquiry

Brest-Litovsk Treaty, to be abrogated,

Bucharest Treaty, to be abrogated,

Buffer state on the Rhine,

Bulgaria, boundaries,

Bullitt, William C., on revision of Covenant, testimony on Lansing
interview, Lansing's telegram to President on testimony, no reply
received, and Wilson's western speeches,

Canada, Papineau Rebellion and self-determination,

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,

Cecil, Lord Robert, plan for League, Wilson opposes it, text of plan,

Central Powers, Wilson and need of defeat, hope in Wilson's attitude,
peace or Bolshevism, _See also_ Mandates, and states by name.

China. _See_ Shantung.

Chinda, Viscount, and Shantung,

Civil War, and self-determination,

Clemenceau, Georges, Supreme War Council, advocates balance of power,
and Cecil plan, and Franco-American alliance, _See also_ Council of
Four.

Codification of international law, in Lansing's plan,

Colonies, disposition of, in Lansing's plan, Fourteen Points on, _See
also_ Mandates.

Commerce. _See_ Non-intercourse; Open Door.

Commission of Inquiry, work,

Commission on the League of Nations, appointed, and Wilson's return to
United States, meets, Wilson's draft as groundwork, meetings and
report, Wilson's address, character of report and work, secrecy,
Wilson's domination,

Constantinople, disposition,

Constitutional objections, to affirmative guaranty, and to Cecil plan,

Council of Foreign Ministers, established, nickname,

Council of Four, self-constituted, secrecy, "Olympians," gives only
digest of Treaty to other delegates, Shantung bargain, _See also_
Secret diplomacy.

Council of Ten, and Lansing's substitute resolution on League, during
Wilson's absence, self-constituted organization, and Supreme War
Council, divided, and secrecy,

Council of the Heads of States. _See_ Council of Four.

Council (Executive Council) of the League, in Wilson's original draft,
analogous body in Cecil plan, in Treaty,

Covenant. _See_ League of Nations.

Croatia, disposition,

Czecho-Slovakia, erection,

Dalmatia, in Pact of London,

Danzig, for Poland,

Dardanelles, Fourteen Points on,

Declaration of war, affirmative guaranty and power over,

Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein, Heligoland,

Diplomacy. _See_ Secret diplomacy.

Diplomatic adjustment, as basis of Covenant, exalted, Lansing on
judicial settlement and, in Wilson's original draft, in Treaty, _See
also_ Judicial settlement.

Disarmament, not touched in Lansing's plan; in Lansing's resolution of
principles; in Wilson's original draft; in Treaty.

Dobrudja, disposition.

East Indians, and self-determination.

Economic influence on boundary lines.

Economic interdependence, importance in peace negotiations.

Economic pressure. _See_ Non-intercourse.

Egypt, and self-determination; disposition.

Election of 1918, as rebuke to Wilson.

Entangling alliances. _See_ Isolation.

Equality of nations, sacrifice in Wilson's draft of League; in Lansing's
form for League; ignored in Cecil plan; primacy of Great Powers
retained in reported Covenant; violation by Treaty; and secret
diplomacy at Conference.

Esthonia, Wilson and; autonomy.

Ethnic influence on boundary lines. _See also_ Racial minorities;
Self-determination.

Finland, question of independence.

Fiume affair, Lansing's attitude; Pact of London in light of dissolution
of Austria-Hungary; resulting increase in Italian claims as basis for
compromise; attitude of Italy toward Jugo-Slavia; commercial
importance of Fiume to Jugo-Slavia; campaign of Italian delegates for
Fiume; Italian public sentiment; character of population,
self-determination question; efforts to get Wilson's approval; threat
to retire from Conference; Wilson's statement against Italian claim;
withdrawal of delegation; Italian resentment against Wilson; as
lesson on secret diplomacy; delegation returns; and Shantung.

Fourteen Points, announced; affirmative guaranty in; insufficient as
programme; text.

France, Alsace-Lorraine; restoration. _See also_ Clemenceau; French
alliance; Great Powers.

Freedom of the seas, in Fourteen Points.

French alliance, as subject of disagreement; provisions of treaty;
relation to League; and removal of certain French demands from Treaty
of Peace; and French adherence to League; Lansing's opposition;
drafted, signed; Lansing and signing; arguments for.

Geographic influence on boundary lines.

Georgia, Wilson and.

Germany, buffer state on the Rhine; and Russian route to the East;
Lansing's memorandum on territorial settlements; military impotence.
_See also_ Central Powers; French alliance; Mandates.

Ginn Peace Foundation.

Great Britain, and clause on self-determination; Egypt. _See also_
French alliance; Great Powers; Lloyd George.

Great Powers, and mandates. _See also_ Balance of power; Council of
Four; Equality of nations.

Greece, territory.

Gregory, Thomas W., and Wilson's _modus vivendi_ idea.

Guaranty. _See_ Affirmative; Self-denying.

Hague Conventions, and international peace.

Hague Tribunal, and Lansing's plan; Wilson's contempt; recognition in
Cecil plan.

Hands Off, as basis of Lansing's plan.

Health, promotion in Treaty.

Heligoland, dismantlement, disposition.

Herzegovina, disposition.

Historic influence on boundary lines.

Hostilities. _See_ Prevention of war.

House, Edward M., joins Supreme War Council; conference on armistice
terms; selection as peace negotiator and President as delegate,
Commission of Inquiry, and drafting of League, and international
court, and "self-denying covenant," and balance of power, of
Commission on the League of Nations, and mandates, and data, ignorant
of Wilson's programme, and Preliminary Treaty with detailed Covenant,
and private consultations, _See also_ American Commission.

Hungary, separation from Austria.

Immoral traffic, prevention in Treaty,

Immunities of League representatives,

Indemnities, and mandates,

India, German routes to,

International commissions, in Cecil plan, in Treaty,

International court. _See_ Judicial settlement.

International enforcement. _See_ Affirmative guaranty.

International military force, in Wilson's original draft, in Treaty,

International military staff, proposal,

Interparliamentary Congress, in Cecil plan,

Inviolability of League property,

Irish, and self-determination,

Isolation, policy, and affirmative guaranty, and mandates, and French
alliance,

Italy, and Cecil plan, territory, _See also_ Fiume; Great Powers.

Japan, and Cecil plan, in Council of Ten, _See also_ Great Powers;
Shantung.

Judicial settlement of international disputes, Lansing's plan,
subordinated in Wilson's draft, Lansing on diplomatic adjustment and,
Lansing urges as nucleus of League, in Lansing's resolution of
principles, Lansing's appeal for, in Covenant, arbitrators of
litigant nations, difficulties in procedure, cost, elimination from
Covenant of appeal from arbitral awards, how effected, Lansing's
appeal ignored, in Cecil plan, _See also_ Arbitration; Diplomatic
adjustment.

Jugo-Slavia, and Anglo-Franco-American alliance, port, erected, _See
also_ Fiume.

Kato, Baron, and Shantung,

Kiao-Chau. _See_ Shantung.

Kiel Canal, internationalization,

Koo, V.K. Wellington, argument on Shantung,

Labor article, in Wilson's original draft, in Treaty,

Lansing, Robert, resignation asked and given, divergence of judgment
from President, reasons for retaining office, reasons for narrative,
imputation of faithlessness, personal narrative, subjects of
disagreement, attitude toward duty as negotiator, policy as to advice
to President, President's attitude towards opinions, method of
treatment of subject, conference on armistice terms, selected as a
negotiator, opposition to President being a delegate, President's
attitude toward this opposition, and Commission of Inquiry, arrival
in Paris, and balance of power, and paramount need of speedy peace,
opposition to mandates, opposition to French alliance treaty, signs
it, personal relations with President, memorandum on American
programme (1918), has _projet_ of treaty prepared, Wilson resents it,
on lack of organization in American Commission, and lack of
programme, and American Commission during President's absence, on
Wilson's _modus vivendi_ idea, opposition to secret diplomacy, effect
on Wilson, and Fiume, and Shantung, Bullitt affair, views on Treaty
when presented to Germans, and ratification of Treaty _See also_
American Commission; League; Wilson.

Latvia Wilson and autonomy

League of Nations principles as subject of disagreement as object of
peace negotiations as reason for President's participation in
Conference Wilson's belief in necessity American support of idea,
earlier plans and associations divergence of opinion on form
political and juridical forms of organization Wilson's belief in
international force and affirmative guaranty affirmative guaranty in
Fourteen Points Phillimore's report preparation of Wilson's original
draft, House as author Lansing not consulted, reason Lansing's
opposition to affirmative guaranty Lansing and non-intercourse peace
plan draft impracticable and equality of nations Lansing's
"self-denying covenant" Lansing accepts guaranty as matter of
expediency diplomatic adjustment as basis of Wilson's draft guaranty
in first draft, later draft, and Treaty Lansing's substitute, his
communications not acknowledged, incorporation of detailed Covenant
in Treaty irreconcilable differences between Wilson's and Lansing's
plans Lansing on diplomatic adjustment versus judicial settlement
Lansing urges international court as nucleus three doctrines of
Lansing's plan Lansing's first view of Wilson's draft his opinion of
its form of its principles Wilson considers affirmative guaranty
essential, effect on Treaty American Commission ignored on matters
concerning Cecil plan Wilson's opposition to it question of
self-determination Lansing's proposed resolution of principles in
Treaty and later detailing detailed Covenant or speedy peace Wilson
utilizes desire for peace to force acceptance of League Lansing
proposes resolution to Wilson and to Council of Ten drafted
resolution of principles Commission on the League of Nations
appointed, American members resolution and Wilson's return to United
States Wilson's draft before Commission Wilson pigeonholes resolution
revision of Wilson's draft Lansing's appeal for international court
it is ignored elimination of appeal from arbitral awards, how
effected report of Commission, Wilson's address character of report
and work of Commission, main principles unaltered Wilson and American
opposition (Feb.) American Commission and report amendments to
placate American opinion reaction in Europe due to American
opposition change in character and addition of functions to preserve
it summary of Lansing's objections and French alliance in a
preliminary treaty as a _modus vivendi_ as subject of Wilson's
private consultations secrecy in negotiations and Shantung bargain
Bullitt's report of Lansing's attitude and carrying out of the Treaty
as merely a name for the Quintuple Alliance text of Wilson's original
draft of Cecil plan in Treaty _See also_ Mandates.

League to Enforce Peace Wilson's address

Lithuania Wilson and autonomy

Lloyd George, David, Supreme War Council, 14 and French alliance _See
also_ Council of Four.

Log-rolling at Conference

London, Pact of

Makino, Baron and Shantung

Mandates, in Smuts plan, Wilson adopts it Lansing's criticism retained
in reported Covenant political difficulties Wilson's attitude legal
difficulties usefulness questioned as means of justifying the League
and indemnities altruistic, to be share of United States in Wilson's
original draft in Treaty.

Meeting-place of League in Wilson's original draft in Cecil plan in
Treaty.

Membership in League in Wilson's original draft in Treaty withdrawal.

Mezes, Sidney E., Commission of Inquiry and data.

Miller, David Hunter and drafting of Covenant and _projet_ of a treaty.

_Modus vivendi_, Wilson and a preliminary treaty as

Monroe Doctrine and affirmative covenant preservation in Treaty

Montenegro in Jugo-Slavia Fourteen Points on

Moravia, disposition

Munitions regulation of manufacture and trade in Wilson's original draft
in Treaty

National safety, dominance of principle

Near East United States and mandates Lansing's memorandum on territorial
settlements mandates in Wilson's original draft mandates in Treaty
Fourteen points on

Negative guaranty. _See_ Self-denying covenant.

Non-intercourse as form of peace promotion constitutionality in Wilson's
original draft in Treaty

Norway, Spitzbergen

Open Door in Lansing's plan in Near East in former German colonies
principle in Wilson's original draft and in Treaty in Fourteen Points

Outlet to the sea for each nation

Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele

Palestine autonomy _See also_ Near East.

Pan-America, proposed mutual guaranty treaty

Papineau Rebellion, and self-determination

Peace, Treaty of inclusion of detailed Covenant as subject of
disagreement expected preliminary treaty speedy restoration of peace
versus detailed Covenant Wilson employs desire for, to force
acceptance of League, resulting delay, delay, delay on League causes
definitive rather than preliminary treaty subjects for a preliminary
treaty influence of lack of American programme Wilson's decision for
a definitive treaty Lansing's views of finished treaty British
opinion protests of experts and officials of American Commission
Lansing and ratification _See also_ League.

Persia, disposition

Phillimore, Lord, report on League of Nations

Poland and Anglo-Franco-American alliance independence Danzig

Postponement of hostilities as form of peace promotion in Wilson's
original draft in Cecil plan in Treaty

President as delegate as subject of disagreement Lansing's opposition
origin of Wilson's intention influence of belligerency on plan
influence of presence on domination of situation personal reasons for
attending decision to go to Paris decision to be a delegate attitude
of House League as reason for decision

Prevention of war in Wilson's original draft in Cecil plan in Treaty
_Sec also_ Arbitration; League.

Publication of treaties in Lansing's plan in Treaty

Publicity as basis of Lansing's plan _See also_ Secret diplomacy.

Quintuple Alliance, League of Nations as name for

Racial equality issue in Shantung bargain

Racial minorities protection, in Wilson's original draft

Ratification of Treaty Lansing's attitude

Red Cross promotion in Treaty

Rhenish Republic as buffer state

Roumania Bucharest Treaty to be abrogated territory Fourteen Points on

Russia Wilson's policy and route for Germany to the East Lansing's notes
on territorial settlement Fourteen Points on

Ruthenians and Ukraine

Schleswig-Holstein disposition

Scott, James Brown drafts French alliance treaty and _projet_ of a
treaty

Secret diplomacy as subject of disagreement in negotiation of League as
evil at Conference Lansing's opposition, its effect on Wilson
Wilson's consultations and Wilson's "open diplomacy" in Council of
Four public resentment Fiume affair as lesson on perfunctory open
plenary sessions of Conference Council of Ten effect on Wilson's
prestige responsibility effect on delegates of smaller nations
climax, text of Treaty withheld from delegates psychological effect
great opportunity for reform missed and Shantung Fourteen Points on
_See also_ Publicity

Secretariat of the League in Wilson's original draft in Cecil plan in
Treaty

"Self-denying covenant" for guaranty of territory and independence
Lansing's advocacy House and Wilson rejects suggested by others to
Wilson

Self-determination in Wilson's draft of Covenant why omitted from treaty
in theory and in practice Wilson abandons violation in the treaties
and Civil War and Fiume colonial, in Fourteen Points Wilson's
statement (Feb. 1918)

Senate of United States and affirmative guaranty opposition and Wilson's
threat plan to check opposition by a _modus vivendi_

Separation of powers Wilson's attitude

Serbia Jugo-Slavia territory Fourteen Points on

Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes _See_ Jugoslavia

Shantung Settlement as subject of disagreement and secret diplomacy
bargain injustice, blackmail influence of Japanese bluff not to agree
to the League German control Japanese occupation moral effect Chinese
agreement to Japanese demands, resulting legal and moral status
status after China's declaration of war on Germany attitude of Allied
delegates attitude of American Commission, letter to Wilson argument
before Council of Ten Japanese threat to American Commission before
Council of Four value of Japanese promises questioned and Fiume
question of resignation of American Commission over China refuses to
sign Treaty Wilson permits American Commission to share in
negotiations American public opinion text of Treaty articles on

Silesia and Czecho-Slovakia

Slavonia disposition

Slovakia disposition

Small nations _See_ Equality.

Smuts, General and disarmament plan for mandates

Society for the Judicial Settlement of International Disputes

Sonnino, Baron Sidney _See_ Fiume

Sovereignty question in system of mandates

Spitzbergen disposition

Strategic influence on boundary lines

Straus, Oscar S. favors League as reported

Supreme War Council, American members added, 14; and Cecil plan; and
Council of Ten.

Syria, protectorate. _See also_ Near East.

Taft, William H., supports League as reported.

Transylvania, disposition,

Treaty of Peace. _See_ Peace.

Treaty-making power, President's responsibility, duties of negotiators,
and affirmative guaranty,

Trieste, disposition; importance,

Turkey, dismemberment and mandates, _See also_ Near East.

Ukraine, Wilson and; autonomy, and Ruthenians.

Unanimity, requirement in League.

Violation of the League, action concerning, in Wilson's original draft,
in Cecil plan; in Treaty,

War. _See_ Arbitration; League of Nations; Prevention.

White, Henry, arrival in Paris; opposes affirmative guaranty; and
Covenant as reported and later amendments; and proposed French
alliance; and Shantung question. _See also_ American programme;
American Commission.

Wickersham, George W., supports League as reported.

Williams, E. T., and Shantung question,

Wilson, Woodrow, responsibility for foreign relations; duties of
negotiators to, and opposition, presumption of self-assurance,
conference on armistice terms; disregard of precedent; and need of
defeat of enemy; and Commission of Inquiry; open-mindedness; and
advice on personal conduct; positiveness and indecision; and election
of 1918; prejudice against legal attitude; prefers written advice,
arrives in Paris, reception abroad, on equality of nations, and
separation of powers, denounces balance of power, and
self-determination, conference of Jan. 10, contempt for Hague
Tribunal, fidelity to convictions, return to United States, return to
Paris, and mandates, and French alliance, and open rupture with
Lansing, and team-work, decides for a definitive treaty only,
rigidity of mind, secretive nature, and Fiume, Italian resentment and
Shantung, and Bullitt affair, Treaty as abandonment of his
principles, Fourteen Points, principles of peace (Feb. 1918), _See
also_ American programme; Commission on the League; Council of Four;
Lansing; League; Peace; President as delegate; Secret diplomacy.

Withdrawal from League, provision in Treaty, through failure to approve
amendments.

World Peace Foundation,

Zionism, and self-determination,

Zone system in mutual guaranty plan,