Chapter V: Leading Varieties of Peaches (4)

Flower-buds hardy, usually obtuse, sometimes conical, plump,
very pubescent, free; blossoms appear in mid-season; flowers
pale pinkish, darker pink near the margins, well distributed;
pedicels short, medium to thick, glabrous, green; calyx-tube
dull, dark reddish-green, orange-red within, campanulate,
glabrous; calyx-lobes short, narrow, usually acute, glabrous
within and without; petals oval, often broadly notched near the
base, tapering to long, narrow claws occasionally tinged with
red at the base; filaments three-eighths inch long, equal to
the petals in length; pistil pubescent at the ovary, equal to
or longer than the stamens.

Fruit matures in mid-season; two and seven-eighths inches long,
two and five-sixteenths inches wide, irregular, roundish-oval,
bulged at one side, considerably compressed, with unequal
sides; cavity medium to deep, abrupt, with tender skin; suture
shallow, deepening toward the tip; apex elongated; color
greenish-yellow changing to orange-yellow, with stripes and
splashes and mottlings of deeper red; pubescence thick, long;
skin thin, tough, separates from the pulp; flesh deep yellow,
stained with red near the pit, juicy, slightly stringy, tender,
sweet, very pleasantly flavored, sprightly; good to very good
in quality; stone free, one and three-eighths inches long,
one inch wide, ovate, plump, bulged at one side, the surfaces
grooved; ventral suture narrow, winged, deeply grooved near the
edges; dorsal suture grooved.

KALAMAZOO

=1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 27, 28, 192. 1893. =2.= _Ibid._
143. 1894. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 33. 1899. =4.= _Mich.
Sta. Bul._ =169=:217. 1899. =5.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._
=2=:348. 1903. =6.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =44=:49 fig., 50.
1910. =7.= Waugh _Am. Peach Orch._ 203. 1913.

Before peach-growers had Elberta, Kalamazoo was a promising yellow-fleshed, freestone variety. The fruit is better in quality than Elberta but not as showy in appearance and the trees are not quite as productive. Kalamazoo ripens with Late Crawford and could well compete with that variety for the trees are hardier in wood and bud and are much more productive. The variety falls short, however, in the size of the peaches, these running no larger than a medium Late Crawford, though possibly this defect could be remedied by thinning. The fruits are of highest quality either for dessert or culinary purposes. The trees are susceptible to leaf-curl and must be thoroughly sprayed for this fungus. The variety is grown rather extensively in Michigan and is well known in parts of New York.

Kalamazoo originated with J. N. Stearns, Kalamazoo, Michigan, about 1869, as a sprout from below the bud on a Yellow Alberge tree. It first fruited in 1871 and was exhibited that year at the Michigan State Fair where it received a premium as the best seedling peach. The American Pomological Society placed Kalamazoo in its fruit-list in 1899 where it still remains.

Tree large, spreading, vigorous, open-topped, very productive;
trunk medium in thickness and smoothness; branches stocky,
nearly smooth, reddish-brown mingled with light ash-gray;
branchlets long, with internodes of medium length, dark
pinkish-red with a small amount of olive-green, smooth,
glabrous, with lenticels of medium number and size.

Leaves six and one-half inches long, one and three-eighths
inches wide, nearly flat or curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, leathery; upper surface dark olive-green,
smooth; lower surface grayish-green; apex narrow-acuminate;
margin finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown glands;
petiole three-eighths inch long, with one to six small,
reniform, reddish-brown glands variable in position.

Flower-buds hardy, conical, somewhat pointed, pubescent, partly
appressed; blossoms appear in mid-season; flowers pale pink,
white at the center of the petals, one and one-eighth inches
across; pedicels short, medium to slender, glabrous, green;
calyx-tube reddish-green, orange-colored within, campanulate,
glabrous; calyx-lobes medium to narrow, acute, glabrous within,
pubescent without; petals oval to somewhat ovate, irregular in
outline near the base, tapering to narrow claws occasionally
reddish at the base; filaments one-half inch long; pistil
pubescent at the base, equal to or shorter than the stamens.

Fruit matures late; two and three-eighths inches long, two and
seven-sixteenths inches wide, roundish-oval, often compressed,
with unequal sides; cavity rather wide, flaring to abrupt;
suture indistinct becoming more pronounced toward the tip;
apex ending in a small, elongated point; color greenish-yellow
becoming yellow, with a faint or distinct blush usually
extending over one-fourth of the surface, mottled; pubescence
thick, fine; skin thin, tough, separates from the pulp; flesh
light yellow, stained with red near the pit, juicy, tender,
sweet, mild; good in quality; stone free or nearly so, one
and one-half inches long, one and one-sixteenths inches wide,
oval to ovate, bulged on one side, winged near the base, the
surfaces pitted and grooved near the apex; ventral suture very
deeply grooved at the sides, medium in width; dorsal suture
winged, grooved deeply.

LAMONT

=1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =74=:372. 1894. =2.= _N. Y. State Fr.
Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 144. 1910. =3.= _Ibid._ 21. 1912. =4.= _Van
Dusen Nur. Cat._ 21. 1913.

Though long grown in parts of western New York, Lamont has not been sufficiently well tested by the peach-growers of the State. It is a yellow-fleshed, freestone peach, much like Early Crawford in appearance and quality, which ripens from one to two weeks after Elberta. It is more productive than either of the Crawfords and if it does as well elsewhere as about Geneva, the place of its origin, it ought to take high place in the list of commercial peaches for this State. Several large growers in this region speak well of it as a market fruit. As a garden variety for its season, it can hardly be surpassed.

The original Lamont tree grew as a chance seedling on the grounds of Charles Lamont, Geneva, New York, first fruiting about 1884. It was introduced by E. Smith and Sons, Geneva, New York, soon after its discovery. The variety is offered by several Geneva nurserymen.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; trunk
thick, nearly smooth; branches stocky, smooth, reddish-brown
with light ash-gray; branchlets with internodes of medium
length, dark pinkish-red intermingled with green, glossy,
smooth, glabrous, with inconspicuous, raised lenticels.

Leaves seven inches long, one and five-eighths inches
wide, folded upward and curled downward slightly, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, thick, leathery; upper surface dark
olive-green, smooth; lower surface grayish-green; apex
acuminate; margin finely and sharply serrate, tipped with
reddish-brown glands; petiole one-half inch long, with one to
six reniform, dark brown glands variable in position.

Flower-buds tender, large, long, conical or pointed,
pubescent, free; blossoms appear in mid-season; flowers
thirteen-sixteenths inch across, white at the center of the
petals becoming dark pink near the edges; pedicels short,
green; calyx-tube reddish-green at the base, obconic, glabrous;
calyx-lobes short, medium to broad, obtuse, glabrous within,
heavily pubescent without; petals roundish-oval, somewhat
irregular in outline near the base, tapering to long, narrow
claws occasionally with a red base; filaments three-eighths
inch long, equal to the petals in length; pistil pubescent near
the base, as long as the stamens.

Fruit matures late; about two and seven-eighths inches in
diameter, roundish-cordate, compressed, with unequal sides;
cavity deep, usually abrupt; suture indistinct, becoming
deeper near the tip; apex roundish or pointed, usually with
a noticeable mamelon or sometimes mucronate tip; color
golden-yellow, blushed and faintly striped and splashed with
carmine; pubescence heavy, long, coarse; skin thick, tough,
adherent to the pulp; flesh light yellow, stained with red near
the pit, juicy, coarse, tender, pleasantly sprightly; good in
quality; stone free, one and five-eighths inches long, one and
one-eighth inches wide, oval to obovate, flattened near the
base, often bulged at the apex, winged, with grooved surfaces;
ventral suture deeply marked along the edges, narrow, winged;
dorsal suture grooved, the sides wing-like.

LARGE YORK

=1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 22. 1897. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._
26. 1899.

_New York Rareripe._ =3.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 220. 1817.
=4.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 277. 1854.

_Large Early York._ =5.= Prince _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 16. 1820.
=6.= _Proc. Nat. Con. Fr. Gr._ 39, 51. 1848. =7.= Cole _Am.
Fr. Book_ 192. 1849. =8.= _Cultivator_ =6=:308 fig. 1849. =9.=
_Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1856. =10.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 288.
1859. =11.= _Horticulturist_ =16=:245. 1861. =12.= _Gard. Mon._
=5=:13. 1863. =13.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 619. 1869. =14.=
Fulton _Peach Cult._ 185, 186. 1908.

_Large Early Rareripe._ =15.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:25. 1832.

Large York long ago lost all value for either home or commercial plantings but it is still listed in a few nursery catalogs and is still in the fruit-list of the American Pomological Society. It is one of the old American sorts and has been much confounded with several other peaches. We place it among the major varieties in _The Peaches of New York_ chiefly to straighten out the nomenclatorial tangle involving it and the several varieties with which it is commonly confounded.

Large York has been more often confused with Early York than any other sort. George IV, Haines and Honest John have also been listed time and again as identical with Large York. While the sorts mentioned have many resemblances, there are distinguishing characters for all of them. Large York, known also as Large Early York and Large Early Rareripe, originated with William Prince,[261] Flushing, New York, some time in the Eighteenth Century, probably from a pit of Red Rareripe. The variety was at first called Early York but to distinguish it from another Early York the term Large was added. Prince sent the variety to William Forsyth of England about 1790. Forsyth grew it in the Royal Kensington Gardens and later renamed it Royal Kensington under which name it is frequently sold in England. While Large York and Early York are closely related, the leaves of the latter are glandless while those of the former have globose glands. At the National Convention of Fruit-Growers held in 1848, Large York was put on the list of recommended varieties under the name Large Early York. The peach has remained on the American Pomological Society's fruit-catalog since the date given, the name being shortened in 1897 to Large York.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open-topped,
rather unproductive; trunk thick; branches thick, smooth,
reddish-brown intermingled with light ash-gray; branchlets with
long internodes, dark red with some green, somewhat russetted,
glossy, smooth, glabrous, with conspicuous, numerous, large,
raised lenticels; leaves six and one-half inches long, one
and one-half inches wide, variable in position, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, thick, leathery, dark green tinged with
olive-green; margin finely serrate; petiole three-eighths
inch long, glandless or with one to six small, globose,
reddish-brown glands; flower-buds small, short, pointed, not
very plump, pubescent, appressed; flowers small, appearing in
mid-season.

Fruit ripens in mid-season; one and seven-eighths inches long,
two and one-sixteenth inches wide, round-oblate, bulged at
one side, compressed, with unequal halves; cavity narrow,
abrupt, faintly splashed with red; suture shallow, becoming
deeper toward the apex and extending considerably beyond;
apex roundish or depressed, with a mucronate tip; color
greenish-white or creamy-white, blushed and mottled with red;
pubescence short, thick, fine; skin thin, tender, adheres to
the pulp; flesh white, rayed with red near the pit, juicy,
stringy, tender, sweet, mild, pleasant flavored, aromatic; good
in quality; stone nearly free, one and one-eighth inches long,
seven-eighths inch wide, oval, plump, short-pointed at the
apex; ventral suture medium in width; dorsal suture grooved.

LATE CRAWFORD

=1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =7=:231, 232, fig. 114. 1866-73. =2.=
Waugh _Am. Peach Orch._ 204. 1913.

_Crawford's Superb Malacatune._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 191,
192. 1841.

_Crawford's Late Melocoton._ =4.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:12.
1846-47. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 491. 1845. =6.= Cole _Am.
Fr. Book_ 197. 1849.

_Crawford's Late._ =7.= _Proc. Nat. Con. Fr. Gr._ 51. 1848.
=8.= Hovey _Fr. Am._ =2=:9, 10, Pl. 1851. =9.= Elliott _Fr.
Book_ 273. 1854. =10.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1856. =11.=
Fulton _Peach Cult._ 194. 1908.

Late Crawford is at the head of the Crawford family, long dominant among the several groups of American peaches and not yet equalled by any other yellow-fleshed peaches in quality. Late Crawford, a quarter-century ago, began to give way to Elberta because of the greater productiveness of the Elberta tree and the showier Elberta fruits and now, though widely distributed, is nowhere largely planted and seems destined to pass out of cultivation as a peach of commerce. Unproductiveness and tardiness in coming in bearing are the faults on account of which Late Crawford is failing. Itself adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic condition, Late Crawford, through the recurring variations from seed, has made the Crawford family the most cosmopolitan of the several distinct races of American peaches. Of all the family it is most virile, more than a score of its offspring being described in _The Peaches of New York_.

Compared with other Crawford-like peaches, Late Crawford is possibly the best in fruit-characters, the peaches being unsurpassed in appearance and scarcely equalled in texture of flesh and richness of flavor. The peaches, too, are more shapely and more uniform in shape than fruits of other Crawford varieties, being rounder, trimmer in contour and having a suture that scarcely mars the symmetry of the peach. In color, Late Crawford runs the whole gamut of soft tints of red and yellow that make Melocotons and Crawfords the most beautiful of all peaches. The trees are as vigorous, hardy, healthy and as little susceptible to disease as any of the varieties near of kin, failing only, as has been said, in productiveness and in coming in bearing rather tardily. Evidently destined to pass from commercial cultivation, Late Crawford ought long to remain one of the treasures of the home orchard.

Late Crawford was raised by William Crawford, Middletown, New Jersey, at least a hundred years ago, the exact date of origin, as well as its parentage, being unknown. The variety was first brought to notice by William Kenrick, Newton, Massachusetts, who described it in the _American Orchardist_ under the name Crawford's Superb Malacatune. No doubt it has a worthy line of ancestors in the old seedling orchards of the early colonists, the fact that it is the founder of a race indicating long-continued reproduction from seeds with little interposition of budding. At the National Convention of Fruit-Growers held in 1848, Late Crawford was placed in the list of recommended fruits and since that time has held a place on the fruit-list of the American Pomological Society. It was first listed as Crawford's Late; later as Crawford's Late Melocoton and now appears as Late Crawford in accordance with the Society's rules of nomenclature.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open-topped, not very
productive; trunk stocky, smooth; branches thick, smooth,
reddish-brown mingled with light ash-gray; branchlets long,
somewhat twiggy, dark reddish-brown overlaid with olive-green,
smooth, glabrous, with conspicuous, numerous, small, raised
lenticels.

Leaves six and seven-eighths inches long, one and three-fourths
inches wide, folded upward and curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, thick, leathery; upper surface dark
olive-green, smooth becoming rugose along the midrib; lower
surface grayish-green; margin finely serrate, tipped with
reddish-brown glands; petiole one-half inch long, with one to
six small, globose, reddish-brown glands variable in position.

Flower-buds tender, large, above medium in length, obtuse or
conical, plump, very pubescent, appressed or free; blossoms
open in mid-season; flowers one and one-eighth inches across,
pink, well distributed; pedicels short, medium to slender,
glabrous, green; calyx-tube reddish-green, orange-colored
within, obconic, glabrous; calyx-lobes medium to broad,
obtuse, glabrous within, pubescent without, becoming heavily
pubescent near the edges; petals oval to ovate, notched at the
base, tapering to narrow claws which are reddish at the base;
filaments seven-sixteenths inch long, shorter than the petals;
pistil pubescent near the base, longer than the stamens.

Fruit matures late; two and three-fourths inches long, two
and eleven-sixteenths inches wide, roundish-oval, compressed,
with unequal halves; cavity deep, medium to narrow, abrupt
or flaring; suture shallow, deepening toward the apex; apex
roundish, with a slightly pointed and swollen beak-like tip;
color deep yellow, dully or brightly blushed, with the red
cheek splashed with darker red; pubescence short, fine; skin
thick, tough, separates readily from the pulp; flesh yellow,
strongly stained with red at the pit, juicy, firm but tender,
sweet but sprightly, richly flavored; very good in quality;
stone free, one and three-fourths inches long, one and
one-eighth inches wide, ovate, flattened, bulged on one side,
blunt-pointed, flattened near the base, with surfaces deeply
pitted and grooved; ventral suture deeply grooved along the
edges; dorsal suture a deep, wide groove, winged.

LATE RARERIPE

=1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 22. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Am. Peach
Orch._ 204. 1913. _Prince Red Rareripe._ =3.= Prince _Pom.
Man._ =2=:16. 1832. =4.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 278. 1854. _Late
Red Rareripe._ =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 486. 1845. =6.=
_Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 78. 1862.

_Rareripe Rouge Tardive._ =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =7=:217, 218,
fig. 107. 1866-73. =8.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =6=:255 fig., 256.
1879.

_Prince._ =9.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:223. 1899.

Late Rareripe is a white-fleshed, late freestone. It is of value now only because of its historical interest though its high quality makes it well worth growing in gardens. Its position as a milestone in the progress of peaches is better marked if we quote A. J. Downing[262] who wrote in 1845 when Late Rareripe was in its prime and one of the leading varieties: "Unquestionably one of the very finest of all peaches. Its large size, great excellence, late maturity, productiveness, vigor, all unite to recommend it to universal favor. We cannot praise it too highly."

This old variety is certainly of American origin but the originator, the time and place of origin are all unknown. It has been cultivated more than a hundred years. Prince believed it to be a seedling of Red Rareripe but there is nothing to be found now to verify this belief. Late Rareripe was sent to France in 1855 where it has since been grown as a satisfactory commercial sort. The American Pomological Society listed this variety in its catalog in 1862 under the name Late Red Rareripe. In 1897, the name was shortened to Late Rareripe as it now appears.

Tree often very large, vigorous, spreading, open-topped, of
medium productiveness; trunk stocky, nearly smooth; branches
thick, smooth, reddish-brown tinged with light ash-gray;
branchlets long, with internodes of medium length, dark
pinkish-red intermingled with dull green, glabrous, with
numerous conspicuous, large lenticels raised at the base.

Leaves six and one-half inches long, one and one-half
inches wide, folded upward and curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, thick, leathery; upper surface smooth
becoming rugose at the midrib; lower surface pale green; apex
acuminate; margin finely and often doubly serrate, tipped
with reddish-brown glands; petiole three-eighths inch long,
glandless or with one to four small, globose, reddish-brown
glands variable in position.

Flower-buds half-hardy, conical to pointed, plump, pubescent,
free; blossoms appear in mid-season; flowers one and
three-sixteenths inches across, white at the center of the
petals changing to pink toward the margins, well distributed;
pedicels short, glabrous, green; calyx-tube reddish-green
at the base, greenish-yellow within, obconic, glabrous;
calyx-lobes acute, glabrous within, pubescent without; petals
oval, faintly notched near the base, tapering to narrow claws
of medium length tinged with red at the base; filaments
three-eighths inch long, equal to the petals in length; pistil
pubescent near the base, usually as long as the stamens.

Fruit matures late; two and five-eighths inches long, two
and eleven-sixteenths inches wide, roundish-cordate, with
unequal surfaces; cavity variable in depth and width, abrupt
or flaring, often with twig-mark across the cavity; suture
variable in depth, extending beyond the tip; apex roundish,
mamelon or mucronate, recurved; color greenish or creamy-white,
sometimes with a lively red blush, mottled and splashed with
darker and duller red; pubescence thick, coarse; skin tough,
adherent to the pulp; flesh white, stained with red near the
pit, juicy, stringy, tender, pleasantly flavored, sweet or
somewhat sprightly; good to very good in quality; stone free or
nearly so, one and one-half inches long, one and one-sixteenth
inches wide, oval to ovate, plump, with deeply grooved
surfaces; ventral suture deeply grooved along the edges,
strongly furrowed; dorsal suture deeply grooved.

LEMON FREE

=1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 313. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc.
Cat._ 33. 1899. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:218. 1899. =4.=
Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:349. 1903. =5.= Waugh _Am.
Peach Orch._ 204. 1913.

_Lemon._ =6.= _Rural N. Y._ =47=:131. 1888. =7.= _Am. Pom. Soc.
Cat._ 32. 1889. =8.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =2=:59. 1895.

Lemon Free is a yellow-fleshed, freestone, lemon-shaped, lemon-colored peach ripening in late mid-season. The fruit is not sufficiently attractive in appearance to sell well in the markets and, besides, is too thin-skinned to ship or keep well. The quality is very good, the flavor being sweet, rich and delicious, though possibly the flesh is a little too dry to permit the variety being ranked as "very good." It is an excellent peach for culinary purposes having the reputation of making a handsomer canned product than any other peach. Lemon Free is little grown in the eastern states but it is one of the leading sorts of its season in parts of California. The color-plate shows the shape very well but the color is not quite that of the real peach.

This variety seems to have originated in Ohio about 1885 but nothing is known of its parentage, originator or introducer. Wickson, in _California Fruits_, claims California as its birthplace but this, we think, is an error. In 1889 the American Pomological Society placed Lemon Free in its fruit-catalog as Lemon but in 1899 changed the name to Lemon Free.

Tree very large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense-topped,
hardy, rather unproductive; trunk thick, smooth to medium;
branches stocky, smooth, reddish-brown tinged with light
ash-gray; branchlets often very long, with a tendency to
rebranch, with medium to long internodes, pinkish-red with but
a trace of green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with large, raised,
russetty lenticels medium in number.

Leaves seven inches long, one and three-fourths inches wide,
folded upward and curled downward, oval to obovate-lanceolate,
thick, leathery; upper surface dark olive-green, smooth
becoming rugose along the midrib; lower surface grayish-green;
margin finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown glands;
petiole three-eighths inch long, with two to six rather
large, reniform, reddish-brown glands variable in position;
flower-buds intermediate in size and length, conical to
pointed, slightly pubescent, usually free; flowers appear in
mid-season.

Fruit matures in late mid-season; two and one-half inches long,
two and five-sixteenths inches wide, roundish-oval; cavity
medium to deep, wide, flaring, often mottled with red; suture
shallow, becoming deeper at the apex and extending beyond;
apex mucronate to roundish-mamelon, recurved; color green
or golden-yellow, with a faint blush and mottled with red;
pubescence fine, long, thick; skin thin, tender, variable in
adhesion to the pulp; flesh yellow, juicy, stringy, tender and
melting, sweet to sprightly, pleasantly flavored; very good in
quality; stone semi-free to free, one and one-fourth inches
long, nearly one inch wide, oval, plump, flattened near the
base, short-pointed, the surfaces usually grooved and with few
pits; ventral suture winged, deeply marked along the edges,
narrow; dorsal suture winged, grooved.

LEVY

=1.= _Gard. Mon._ =23=:82. 1881. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 37.
1909. =3.= Waugh _Am. Peach Orch._ 204. 1913.

_Henrietta._ =4.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 380. 1858. =5.= _Cult.
& Count. Gent._ _45_:649. 1880. =6.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =39=:807.
1896. =7.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 33. 1899. =8.= Waugh _Am. Peach
Orch._ 203. 1913.

_Levy Late._ =9.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 92, 93. 1881. =10.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 171. 1881. =11.= Budd-Hansen
_Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:349. 1903.

This variety ripens quite too late for any but the most favorable peach-sections in New York. It is a round, yellow-fleshed clingstone of very good quality and might be planted in the parts of New York, where the season permits it to mature, for a very late culinary peach. It is one of the favorite peaches to close the season in Southern fruit-growing sections.

The history of Levy is badly confused. More than half a century ago a peach called Henrietta was cultivated. Where or when the variety originated no one can tell. In 1881, Downing mentioned a peach under the name Levy Late as being a new, late clingstone originating in the garden of W. W. Levy, Washington, District of Columbia. Downing gave Henrietta as a synonym of Levy Late, as have several pomologists since. From these facts, it seems safe to say that the variety is old, that it was first introduced as Henrietta and that the peach which Mr. Levy claimed to have originated was Henrietta. The American Pomological Society, in 1899, added this peach to its fruit-list as Henrietta but in 1909 changed the name to Levy, giving Henrietta as a synonym.

Tree large, vigorous, upright to quite spreading, hardy,
productive; trunk thick, rough; branches stocky, smooth,
reddish-brown intermingled with very light ash-gray; branchlets
slender, with internodes dark red or purplish-red mingled
with light green, smooth, glabrous, with small, numerous,
conspicuous, raised lenticels.

Leaves six and one-half inches long, one and one-half inches
wide, oval to obovate-lanceolate, of medium thickness,
leathery; upper surface dark green, smooth becoming rugose
along the midrib; lower surface grayish-green; apex acuminate;
margin finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown glands;
petiole five-sixteenths inch long, with one to six small,
globose, reddish-brown glands variable in position.

Flower-buds hardy, conical to pointed, plump, pubescent,
free; blossoms appear in mid-season; flowers seven-eighths
inch across, with varying shades of pink, sometimes in twos;
pedicels short, medium to thick, glabrous, green; calyx-tube
reddish-green at the base, orange-colored within, somewhat
campanulate, glabrous; calyx-lobes short, medium to narrow,
acute, glabrous within, pubescent without; petals oval, notched
near the base, tapering to long, narrow claws often tinged with
red at the base; filaments five-sixteenths inch long, equal to
the petals in length; pistil pubescent near the base, as long
as or longer than the stamens.

Fruit matures very late; about two and one-half inches in
diameter, roundish-cordate, compressed, with very unequal
halves; cavity medium to deep, wide, abrupt to slightly
flaring, with tender skin and often twig-marked; suture deep,
extending beyond the tip; apex mamelon, recurved, a few
fruits with very large, mucronate tips; color greenish or
golden-yellow, with splashes of dull red and a lively blush
covering one cheek; pubescence short, thick, fine; skin thick,
adherent to the pulp; flesh yellow, juicy, stringy, meaty, mild
or somewhat astringent, pleasantly flavored; fair to good in
quality; stone clinging, one and one-half inches long, one inch
wide, bulged on one side, ovate to oval, plump, winged, with
surfaces marked by short, red grooves; ventral suture deeply
furrowed along the edges, wide; dorsal suture a deep groove.

LOLA

=1.= _Del. Sta. Rpt._ =13=:104. 1901. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._
37. 1909.

_Lolo._ =3.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =74=:373. 1894. =4.= _Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat._ 33. 1899. =5.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:349,
350. 1903.

_Miss Lola._ =6.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 43, Pl. IV. 1895.
=7.= _Rural N. Y._ =60=:678. 1901. =8.= _N. Y. Sta. Bul._
=364=:184. 1913.

_Miss Lolo._ =9.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =39=:808. 1896.

Lola is a popular peach in parts of the South but is hardly known in New York. On the Station grounds it is the best of its season and one of the best of all white-fleshed peaches. Moreover, it fills a gap in the peach procession that ought to make it valuable in this State. It follows Mamie Ross and Greensboro, both of which it surpasses in appearance and quality. It precedes Champion and is even better than that handsome and delicious peach. Since it ripens with the well-known Carman, fruit-growers will want to know how it compares with that variety. It is hardier in bud than Carman, that sort not having a single fruit after the cold winter of 1911-12 while Lola bore a fair crop; the fruit is of better quality, larger, hardly as well colored and on the Station grounds the tree is more productive. Attention of New York peach-growers was called to Lola, in words almost identical with those here used, in Bulletin 364 from this Station, published in 1913, with the result that it is now being tried in several parts of the State and we shall soon know what its commercial value is this far north.

The parentage of Lola is unknown. The variety originated from seed planted in 1876 by J. W. Stubenrauch, Mexia, Texas, who named it Miss Lola in honor of his daughter. The American Pomological Society listed Lola in its catalog in 1899 as "Lolo." In 1909, however, the spelling was changed to Lola as it is correctly written.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open-topped, hardy,
productive; trunk thick, smooth; branches stocky, smooth,
reddish-brown with a light tinge of ash-gray; branchlets very
long, with internodes of medium length, dark pinkish-red
intermingled with pale green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with
conspicuous, numerous, small, raised lenticels.

Leaves six inches long, one and one-half inches wide, variable
in position, oval to obovate-lanceolate, thin; upper surface
dull, dark green; lower surface silvery-green; apex acuminate;
margin finely serrate to nearly crenate, glandular; petiole
three-eighths inch long, with one to five reniform glands
usually on the petiole.

Flower-buds hardy, obtuse, very plump, heavily pubescent,
appressed or free; blossoms open early; flowers nearly two
inches across, light to dark pink, usually in twos; pedicels
short, slender, glabrous, green; calyx-tube reddish-green
at the base, greenish-yellow within, somewhat campanulate,
glabrous; calyx-lobes broad, obtuse, glabrous within, pubescent
without; petals ovate, deeply indented near the base, faintly
crenate, tapering to narrow claws; filaments one-half inch
long, shorter than the petals; pistil, pubescent near the base,
equal to the stamens in length.

Fruit matures in early mid-season; two and three-eighths
inches long, two and one-half inches wide, round-oval, usually
somewhat oblique, compressed, with nearly equal halves; cavity
deep, wide, abrupt, with tender skin; suture shallow, deepening
toward the tip; apex small, mucronate, roundish or somewhat
depressed; color creamy-white blushed with carmine deepened by
a few dark splashes; pubescence short, thin; skin thin, tough,
separating from the pulp; flesh white, rayed with red near the
pit, very juicy, tender and melting, sweet, with a pleasant
sprightliness; good in quality; stone semi-free to free, one
and three-eighths inches long, fifteen-sixteenths inch wide,
obovate, plump, abruptly pointed, with corrugated and pitted
surfaces; ventral suture wide, winged, deeply furrowed along
the edges; dorsal suture a deep, narrow groove.

MAMIE ROSS

=1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:346. 1894. =2.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._
=39=:807, 808 fig. =8.= 1896. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =42=:238.
1898. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 33. 1899. =5.= _Del. Sta. Rpt._
=13=:104, 105. 1901. =6.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:351.
1903. =7.= Waugh _Am. Peach Orch._ 205. 1913.

Mamie Ross seems to have a very good reputation as a table and market peach in Texas and other parts of the South but is hardly worth growing in New York. The fruit has two bad faults: The quality is not high--the flesh being coarse, juicy and insipid in flavor; and the peaches bruise with the least possible handling so that they cannot be shipped to advantage. On the Station grounds the pubescence, too, is so abundant as to be objectionable. Mamie Ross comes at a season when there are many other good mid-season, white-fleshed peaches and may, therefore, be thrown out of the list for this region. It is, as the color-plate shows, a very handsome peach.

Mamie Ross is probably a seedling of Chinese Cling. It originated about 1881 with Captain A. J. Ross, Dallas, Texas. The variety soon attracted attention and neighbors began propagating it. Later, Mr. Ross' brother named the peach after the originator's youngest daughter. In 1899, the American Pomological Society added the variety to its fruit-list.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading to somewhat drooping,
open-topped, hardy, productive; trunk thick, smooth; branches
stocky, smooth, reddish-brown with light ash-gray; branchlets
very long, with long internodes, dark red with considerable
olive-green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with numerous
conspicuous, raised lenticels variable in size.

Leaves six and three-fourths inches long, one and three-fourths
inches wide, variable in position, oval to obovate-lanceolate,
thick, leathery; upper surface dark green, smooth becoming
rugose along the midrib; lower surface grayish-green; margin
finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown glands; petiole
three-eighths inch long, with none to five small, globose and
reniform, reddish-brown glands variable in position.

Flower-buds semi-hardy, obtuse to pointed, plump, heavily
pubescent, free or appressed; blossoms open early; flowers
one and three-fourths inches across, pink, single; pedicels
very short, medium to thick, glabrous, green; calyx-tube
reddish-green at the base, greenish-yellow within, obconic,
glabrous; calyx-lobes acute or obtuse, glabrous within, heavily
pubescent without; petals oval to obovate, entire except near
the base, tapering to narrow claws often red at the base;
filaments one-half inch long, shorter than the petals; pistil
pubescent at the base, equal to the stamens in length.

Fruit matures in early mid-season; two and one-half inches
long, two and seven-eighths inches wide, roundish-oval to
oblong, often bulged on one side, compressed, usually with
sides equal; cavity deep, abrupt, often marked with streaks of
red; suture variable in depth; apex small, mucronate, set in
a slight depression; color pale yellowish-cream, with more or
less dull or bright red in which are splashes of darker red;
pubescence short, fine, thick; skin thin, tough, separates from
the pulp; flesh white, streaked with red near the pit, very
juicy, stringy, tender, melting, sweet or somewhat sprightly,
pleasantly flavored; good in quality; stone semi-cling or
cling, one and five-eighths inches long, one inch wide, ovate
to long-elliptical, plump, long-pointed, bulged on one side,
with pitted and grooved surfaces; ventral suture deeply grooved
along the edges, narrow, winged; dorsal suture grooved.

MAY LEE

=1.= _Del. Sta. Rpt._ =13=:105. 1901. =2.= Stark Bros. _Cat._
fig. 1904. =3.= _Ibid._ 62 fig. 4, 63. 1910.

May Lee is a very early white-fleshed, clingstone, pink-cheeked peach introduced to rival Alexander, Triumph and other extra early sorts. It fails, on the Station grounds at least, because the peaches run small, the flesh clings too tenaciously and the stones crack. Neither is the fruit attractive in color nor high in quality. It may be as good in quality as Alexander or Triumph but is no better. The variety is but doubtfully worth planting in New York.

May Lee originated with E. W. Kirkpatrick, McKinney, Texas, from a seed of Mamie Ross planted in 1896.

Tree large, spreading, low-growing, very productive; trunk
thick, smooth; branches stocky, smooth, reddish-brown with
light ash-gray; branchlets slender, often inclined to rebranch,
medium to long, with internodes dark pinkish-red intermingled
with olive-green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with numerous
conspicuous, raised lenticels medium in size.

Leaves six and one-half inches long, one and three-fourths
inches wide, flattened or curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, rather thick, leathery; upper surface dark
green, smooth becoming rugose along the midrib; margin crenate,
tipped with small, reddish glands; petiole three-eighths inch
long, glandless or with one to five large, reniform glands
variable in color and position.

Flower-buds hardy, small, short, conical, plump, very
pubescent, appressed or free; blossoms open in mid-season;
flowers nearly two inches across, light pink; pedicels very
short, of medium thickness, glabrous; calyx-tube greenish-red,
campanulate; calyx-lobes obtuse, glabrous within, pubescent
without; petals round or broadly ovate, notched near the base,
tapering to claws red at the base; filaments one-half inch
long, shorter than the petals; pistil pubescent at the ovary,
longer than the stamens.

Fruit matures early; about two and three-fourths inches in
diameter, round, compressed, bulged along one size, with
unequal halves; cavity deep, narrow, abrupt; suture variable
in depth, extending beyond the tip; apex small, mucronate,
depressed; color creamy-white, usually with a blush toward the
apex; tomentose; skin thick, tough, semi-free to free; flesh
white, very juicy, tender and melting, sweet, mild, pleasantly
flavored; good in quality; stone semi-clinging to clinging,
one and nine-sixteenths inches long, one and one-eighth inches
wide, oval, conspicuously winged, flattened near the base, with
deeply grooved surfaces; ventral suture thin, winged, very
deeply grooved along the edges; dorsal suture grooved.

MORRIS WHITE

=1.= _Proc. Nat. Con. Fr. Gr._ 39, 51. 1848. =2.= Elliott _Fr.
Book_ 276. 1854. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 22. 1897. =4.=
_Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:220. 1899. =5.= Fulton _Peach Cult._
190, 191. 1908.

_White Rareripe._ =6.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 222. 1817. =7.=
Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:26. 1832.

_Morris White Freestone._ =8.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =6=:410.
1826. =9.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 189. 1846.

_Morris White Rareripe._ =10.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 481.
1845.

_Blanche de Morris._ =11.= Mas _Le Verger_ =7=:171, 172, fig.
84. 1866-73.

_Morris Blanche._ =12.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =6=:171 fig., 172.
1879.

Morris White is one of the ancients of American peach-orchards worth noticing now only because of its worthy past. It is distinguished among peach varieties by its white flesh--white clear to the pit with no trace of red even on the surface or next to the stone. It is further distinguished by its sweet, rich flavor--giving it high rank among the best of peaches--and by the great productiveness of the trees. Though undoubtedly the day of Morris White is passed for either commercial or home orchards, it might still be used advantageously in breeding late, white-fleshed, freestone peaches.

William Robert Prince,[263] in his _Pomological Manual_, describes a White Rareripe which he claims originated in the nursery of his grandfather and which can be no other than the Morris White under discussion. The origin of the variety will always be in doubt but probably the elder Prince originated it in the latter part of the Eighteenth Century. Leroy has confused the history of Morris White with that of Red Rareripe, commonly called Morris Red Rareripe, which probably originated with Robert Morris, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Leroy questions the identity of the White Rareripe mentioned by Coxe but, although the season of Coxe's sort is a trifle earlier than Leroy's, the two are probably the same. There was a White Rareripe grown for a short time in America many years ago which proved to be the old French Nivette renamed. Nivette was not widely disseminated and probably has long since passed from cultivation in America. Morris White was reported upon at the National Convention of Fruit-Growers in 1848 and received a place in the list of recommended fruits. It continued to be listed in the American Pomological Society's fruit-catalog until 1891 when it was dropped but was replaced in 1897 and still remains there.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading to drooping,
dense-topped, productive; trunk intermediate in thickness and
smoothness; branches stocky, smooth, reddish-brown with very
light tinge of ash-gray; branchlets long, with long internodes,
dark red mingled with green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with
many conspicuous, small, raised lenticels at the base.

Leaves six and three-fourths inches long, one and
three-fourths inches wide, flat or curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, leathery; upper surface dull, dark green,
smooth; lower surface grayish-green; apex long, acuminate;
margin finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown glands;
petiole three-eighths inch long, with one to five small,
globose and reniform glands variable in color and position.

Flower-buds tender, obtuse to conical, plump, very pubescent,
usually free; blossoms appear in mid-season; flowers less
than an inch across, pale pink, deepening in color along the
edges; pedicels short, thick, glabrous, green; calyx-tube
greenish-red, greenish-yellow within, campanulate, glabrous;
calyx-lobes narrow, glabrous within, pubescent without; petals
oval, narrow; filaments three-eighths inch long, equal to the
petals in length; pistil longer than the stamens.

Fruit matures late; two and one-sixteenth inches long, two and
one-eighth inches wide, cordate-oval or oblate, compressed,
with halves nearly equal; cavity abrupt or flaring; suture a
line, becoming deeper toward the tip; apex roundish, depressed
in the suture, with mucronate tip; color pale white, usually
without blush or with a faint bronze blush; pubescence heavy,
long and coarse; skin thin, tough, somewhat adherent; flesh
white, juicy, tender and melting, sweet, pleasantly flavored;
good in quality; stone semi-free to nearly free, one and
one-fourth inches long, seven-eighths inch wide, oval to
slightly obovate, flattened near the base, with deeply grooved
surfaces; ventral suture with deep grooves along the edges,
furrowed; dorsal suture grooved.

MOUNTAIN ROSE

=1.= Tilton _Jour. Hort._ =7=:339 fig. 1870. =2.= _Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat._ 18. 1871. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 1st App. 121.
1872. =4.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 33, 261. 1874. =5.= _N. J.
Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 41. 1878. =6.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =42=:239. 1898.
=7.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:220. 1899. =8.= Budd-Hansen _Am.
Hort. Man._ =2=:352. 1903. =9.= Fulton _Peach Cult._ 174. 1908.

For many years Mountain Rose was preeminent among white-fleshed, freestone peaches by virtue of high quality and handsome appearance. It has a distinct and curious but delicious flavor--a sort of scented sweetness that appeals to all who appreciate choicely good fruit. Unfortunately, it fails in the chief requirement for popularity in these days of commercial fruit-growing--the trees are unproductive, a fault so marked that the variety is rapidly passing from cultivation. Mountain Rose sells well in all markets where it is known, usually bringing a fancy price because of its extra good quality and because it follows closely after the dozen or more white-fleshed, clingstones of poorer quality.

The variety originated about 1851 on the farm of a Dr. Marvin, Morristown, New Jersey. Of its parentage nothing is known. Mountain Rose has always been considered a good market variety and has been widely disseminated. The American Pomological Society added this peach to its fruit-list in 1871, a place it has since held.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, low-growing and
dense-topped, rather unproductive; trunk thick, medium in
smoothness; branches stocky, smooth, reddish-brown covered with
light ash-gray; branchlets thick, long, with internodes of
medium length, dark red intermingled with olive-green, glossy,
smooth, glabrous, with numerous conspicuous, large and small
lenticels raised near the base.

Leaves six and three-fourths inches long, one and five-eighths
inches wide, flattened or curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, thick, leathery; upper surface dull, dark
green; lower surface grayish-green; apex long-acuminate; margin
finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown glands; petiole
seven-sixteenths inch long, with two to four small, globose,
reddish-brown glands variable in position; flower-buds conical
to pointed, plump, very pubescent, usually appressed; blossoms
appear in mid-season; flowers small.

Fruit matures in early mid-season; two and one-eighth inches
long, two and one-fourth inches wide, roundish-oblate to
slightly cordate; cavity intermediate in depth and width,
flaring to abrupt, often twig-marked; suture shallow, becoming
deeper toward the tip; apex roundish, depressed in the suture,
with mucronate or sometimes mamelon tip; color creamy-white
blushed with deep red, with a few splashes of darker red;
pubescence long, thick; skin thin, tough, variable in adhesion;
flesh white, stained red near the pit, juicy, tender and
melting, sweet, mild, pleasantly flavored; good to very good
in quality; stone free, one and one-fourth inches long,
seven-eighths inch wide, oval to ovate, plump, bulged on one
side, contracted toward the base, tapering to a short point,
usually with small pits in the surfaces; ventral suture deeply
grooved along the sides, furrowed; dorsal suture grooved,
faintly winged.

Muir

=1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 314. 1889. =2.= Wickson _Cal.
Fruits_ 312, fig. 1889. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =42=:239. 1898.
=4.=_ Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 34. 1899. =5.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._
=169=:221. 1899. =6.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:352.
1903.

As a rule, peaches originating in California find small favor in New York. California peaches are selected for canning, evaporating and shipping, whereas New York varieties are dessert fruits. Muir is a California sort suitable only for culinary purposes--attractive enough inside but so unattractive externally that it could tempt no one who did not know the fruit to be sweet and delicious in flavor. It is a late mid-season, yellow-fleshed, freestone peach much used by canners on the Pacific slope. It ought to be more generally grown for the same purpose in the East; for, as a canned product, it is hardly surpassed in appearance or quality. The trees are vigorous, productive and little subject to leaf-curl but the fruits in New York are often marred by peach-scab. The variety seems perfectly at home in this State as, seemingly, it is in most peach-regions. In fruit-characters, Muir is very similar to Wager.

The variety was found more than twenty-five years ago on the farm of John Muir, near Silveyville, California. G. W. Thissell, Winters, California, named and introduced Muir. The American Pomological Society added this peach to its fruit-list in 1899.

Tree vigorous, upright or somewhat spreading, hardy,
productive; trunk rough; branches smooth, ash-gray over
reddish-brown; branchlets slender, long, with short internodes,
dark pinkish-red with but a trace of green, smooth, glabrous,
with inconspicuous, small, raised lenticels.

Leaves fall early in the season, six and three-fourths inches
long, one and three-eighths inches wide, flat or somewhat
curled downward, oval-lanceolate, leathery; upper surface dull,
dark green, nearly smooth; lower surface olive-green; apex
acuminate; margin bluntly serrate, tipped with reddish-brown
glands; petiole seven-sixteenths inch long, with one to five
large, reniform glands variable in position.

Flower-buds small, short, obtuse, very plump, heavily
pubescent, appressed; blossoms open late; flowers seven-eighths
inch across; pale pink, darker about the edges, usually
singly; pedicels short, green; calyx-tube reddish-green,
orange-red within, campanulate, glabrous; calyx-lobes short,
obtuse, glabrous within, pubescent without; petals narrow-oval
or ovate, tapering to claws of medium width; filaments
three-eighths inch long, equal to the petals in length; pistil
as long as the stamens.

Fruit matures in mid-season; two and three-fourths inches
long, two and three-eighths inches wide, roundish-cordate
or oval, slightly angular, compressed, with unequal halves;
cavity shallow, contracted about the sides, abrupt or flaring;
suture medium in depth; apex pointed, with a large, recurved,
mamelon tip; color greenish or lemon-yellow, with little if
any blush; pubescence heavy, long; skin thin, tough, separates
from the pulp when fully ripe; flesh yellow, faintly tinged
with red near the pit, dry, coarse, tender, sweet, mild; good
in quality; stone free, one and seven-sixteenths inches long,
fifteen-sixteenths inch wide, ovate, flattened, wedge-shape
toward the base, tapering to a long apex, with large pits and
a few small grooves in the surfaces; ventral suture deeply
grooved along the sides, very wide, deeply furrowed; dorsal
suture widely and deeply grooved.

NIAGARA

=1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 115. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen
_Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:352, 353. 1903. =3.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc.
Rpt._ 24. 1904. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 38. 1909. =5.= _N. Y.
Sta. Bul._ =403=:213, 214, Pl. 1915.

_Newark Seedling_. =6.= _Del. Sta. Rpt._ =5=:99. 1892.

Niagara is a variant of a peach which all growers lament as being less and less grown, the Crawford. The Crawford group, though a dominant type, is, as we have several times pointed out, a little too capricious as to soil and climate to suit the needs of commercial peach-growers, failing to bear regularly or abundantly in most soils. For this reason the once very popular Early and Late Crawfords are now seldom grown. All who know these varieties regret that a sort of their type, without their faults, has not yet come to light. In New York the best of the comparatively new Crawford-like peaches is Niagara, said to be a seedling of one of the Crawfords. The fruit ripens later than Early Crawford, averages larger, is borne more abundantly and holds its size better to the end of the season. But Niagara's great point of merit, as compared with Crawford, is that it is more dependable in all tree-characters, being, especially, less capricious as to soil and climate. Niagara, as the color-plate shows it, is a beautiful fruit, yellow, with a handsome over-color of red. The flesh, too, is attractive and delectable--yellow, thick and firm, with a rich, sweet flavor which makes it one of the most palatable peaches of its season. It is, as are most of its type, a freestone. Niagara fails in productiveness in some localities, having in this respect the fault of all its tribe; but it should have a welcome place in any home collection and, where it proves productive, is one of the best for general market.

Niagara probably came originally from Maryland to Julius Harris, Ridgeway, New York. Later it was sold to a grower near Lockport, New York, who disposed of it to a Mr. Corwin, Newfane, Niagara County, New York, who called it Corwin's Crawford. It then came into possession of the Rogers Nurseries, Dansville, New York, from whom this Station received its trees under the name Niagara. It is probably a seedling of Early Crawford. Niagara was added to the fruit-list of the American Pomological Society in 1909.

Tree large, upright-spreading, hardy, medium in productiveness;
trunk thick and smooth; branches stocky, smooth, reddish-brown
mingled with light ash-gray; branchlets thick, red intermingled
with olive-green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with conspicuous,
large, raised lenticels.

Leaves six and three-fourths inches long, one and three-fourths
inches wide, flattened or curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, leathery; upper surface dull, dark green,
rugose along the midrib; lower surface grayish-green; apex
acuminate; margin finely serrate, tipped with reddish-brown
glands; petiole three-eighths inch long, glandless or with one
to five small, globose, raised, reddish-brown glands variable
in position.

Flower-buds large, long, conical or pointed, very plump,
pubescent, usually free; blossoms open in mid-season; flowers
one inch across, white near the center of the petals changing
to dark pink near the edges; pedicels very short, thick,
glabrous, green; calyx-tube reddish-green, orange-colored
within, campanulate, glabrous; calyx-lobes narrow, acute,
glabrous within, pubescent without; petals round-oval, tapering
toward the apex, broadly notched near the base, contracting to
claws red at the base; filaments three-eighths inch long, equal
to or shorter than the petals; pistil pubescent at the ovary,
longer than the stamens.

Fruit matures in mid-season; two and one-half inches long,
two and three-eighths inches wide, round-cordate to oval,
compressed, with equal halves; cavity medium to deep, flaring
to abrupt, with very tender skin, often splashed with red;
suture shallow, deepening toward the apex and often extending
beyond; apex rounded or pointed, with a mamelon and sometimes
recurved tip; color orange-yellow, blushed with deep, dull red,
with stripes and splashes of darker red; pubescence short,
thick, fine; skin thick, tough, adherent to the pulp; flesh
yellow, deeply tinged with red near the pit, juicy, coarse
but tender, sprightly; very good in quality; stone free, one
and five-eighths inches long, one and one-eighth inches wide,
broadly ovate, plump, with long point at the apex, usually with
grooved surfaces and with few pits, tinged with red; ventral
suture very deeply grooved along the sides, winged, rather
wide; dorsal suture deeply grooved, wing-like.

OLDMIXON CLING

=1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 218. 1817. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._
231. 1832. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:23. 1832. =4.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 497. 1845. =5.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 211. 1856.
=6.= Fulton _Peach Cult._ 198. 1908. =7.= Waugh _Am. Peach
Orch._ 205. 1913.

_Oldmixon_. =8.= Hoffy _Orch. Com._ =1=:1841-42. =9.= Elliott
_Fr. Book_ 278. 1854.

Without question one of the oldest American peaches, going back at least 150 years, Oldmixon Cling is still well worthy a place in every orchard where high quality is a prime requisite. It is a rich, luscious, white-fleshed peach, ripening late, which, besides being excellent in quality for dessert and culinary purposes, is uncommonly handsome--a combination of characters possessed by few other peaches. The color-plate is almost a perfect picture of the variety and could the flavor be as well conveyed to readers, Oldmixon Cling might again take on some of its one time popularity. We can discover but one fault in the fruits as they grow on the Station grounds--the pits crack badly. The variety, however, seems to be passing out because the trees are not, as a rule, fruitful though in all other respects they are seemingly near perfection.

There is no trace of when, where or how Oldmixon Cling originated. Coxe[264] first set forth its merits in 1817. It is reported to have been introduced from Europe by Sir John Oldmixon but Downing believes that it was the pit and not the tree which Oldmixon brought to America. At any rate the variety takes its name from its supposed introducer. If the pit were planted by Sir John Oldmixon, this must be the oldest of our peaches for Oldmixon came to America nearly 200 years ago. He was, by the way, the author of one of the early and notable books on America, _The British Empire in America_, published in London in 1741. Pomologists from time to time have made two words of the name making it appear that old and new Mixon peaches existed. Oldmixon Cling was placed in the fruit-list of the American Pomological Society in 1856 and ever since has retained a place there. In 1881 the Society changed the name from Old Mixon Cling to Oldmixon Cling.

Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, hardy, rather
unproductive; trunk medium to thick, smooth; branches stocky,
smooth, reddish-brown tinged with light ash-gray; branchlets
of medium thickness and length, with tendency to rebranch, red
intermingled with dull green, glossy, smooth, glabrous, with
numerous conspicuous, large, raised lenticels.

Leaves six and three-fourths inches long, one and one-half
inches wide, flattened or curled downward, oval to
obovate-lanceolate, leathery; upper surface dark green, smooth
becoming rugose along the midrib; margin finely serrate, tipped
with reddish-brown glands; petiole three-eighths inch long,
with one to four small, globose glands variable in color and
position.

Flower-buds large, conical or pointed, plump, pubescent,
appressed or somewhat free; blossoms appear in mid-season;
flowers three-fourths inch across, light pink at the center
deepening to darker pink at the margins, often in twos,
sometimes in threes; pedicels short, green; calyx-tube
reddish-green at the base, greenish-yellow within, obconic,
glabrous; calyx-lobes short, narrow, acute, glabrous within,
pubescent without; petals round-oval, nearly entire, tapering
to claws tinged with red at the base; filaments three-eighths
inch long, equal to or longer than the petals; pistil pubescent
near the base, usually equal to the stamens in length.