Chapter II: Appendix: Engine Troubles 113

TIMING THE IGNITION 115

INDEX 117

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. DESCRIPTION. PAGE

1. Diagram to explain the meaning of _Suction_ 1

2. Diagram to explain the meaning of _Compression_ 2

3. Otto Cycle. The Suction Stroke 3

4. Otto Cycle. The Compression Stroke 4

5. Otto Cycle. The Power Stroke 5

6. Otto Cycle. The Exhaust Stroke 6

7. General arrangement of a Modern Petrol Engine 9

8. Sectional Drawing of a =T=-headed Cylinder 12

9. Outside View of a Water-jacketed Cylinder 13

10. Stud 14

11. Bolt 14

12. Setscrew 14

13. Motor-cycle Engine with air-cooled Cylinder 14

14. Aeroplane Engine Cylinder 15

15. Cast-iron Piston 18

16. Method of fixing Gudgeon Pin 19

17. Three forms of Piston-head 19

18. Connecting Rod in the form of a Stamping 20

19. Connecting Rod turned from a solid Bar of Steel 21

20. Crankpin and Crankwebs 22

21. Four-throw Crankshaft 23

22. Motor-cycle Crankpin 24

23. Balanced Crank 25

24. Sketch showing the unbalanced portion of a Crank 25

25. Balanced Two-throw Crankshaft 26

26. Force acting on a Flywheel Rim 26

27. Built-up Steel Flywheel 27

28. Flywheel turned from a Steel Stamping 28

29. General arrangement of a Poppet Valve 30

30. Sectional Drawing of the Cylinder of a Sleeve-valve
Engine 31

31. Sectional Drawing of the Cylinder of a Sleeve-valve
Engine 32

32. Poppet Valve-head, showing Slot for Grinding-in purposes 34

33. Inlet and Exhaust Valve Cams 34

34. Eccentric Sheave and Rod for a Sleeve Valve 36

35. A Pair of Timing Wheels 37

36. A Crank Chamber, outside end view 39

37. A Crank Chamber, sectional view 39

38. General arrangement of the Carburetting Plant 43

39. Sectional Drawing of a Carburettor of the _Jet_ Type 44

40. Plain Form of the Choke Tube 47

41. Petrol Jet for _atomising_ the Petrol 48

42. Compensated Petrol Jet 48

43. Automatic Spring-controlled Extra-air Valve 49

44. Plan View of Automatic Extra-air Valve 49

45. Sectional Drawing of a Sparking Plug 51

46. A Sparking Plug 52

47. Outside View of a High-tension Magneto 52

48. View of High Tension Magneto showing Distributor and
Contact Breaker 53

49. End View of High Tension Magneto 54

50. An Ignition Coil 56

51. An Ignition Coil Case 57

52. Low Tension Contact Breaker for Coil Ignition (Wipe
Form) 58

53. Wiring Diagram for Four Cylinder Engine with Magneto
Ignition (High Tension) 60

54. Wiring Diagram for Four Cylinder Engine with Trembler
Coil Ignition 61

55. Improved System of Splash Lubrication 64

56. Sectional View of Connecting Rod end, showing Scoop
and Oil Trough 65

57. Forced Lubrication System 66

58. Sectional View of Rotary Oil Pump 67

59. A Rotary Oil Pump 67

60. Thermo-syphon Water Cooling System 69

61. Forced Water Circulation by means of a Pump 70

62. Forms of Water Piping 74

63. Two-port Two-stroke Engine with Crankchamber Compression 81

64. Diagrammatic Sketch of a Duplex Two-stroke Air
Scavenging Engine 87

65. General Arrangement of the “Kean” Two-stroke
Engine 91

66. Twin-cylinder Two-stroke Engine with Crankchamber
Compression 97

67. Petrol Engine Brake 100

68. Force-space or “Work” Diagram 103

69. Petrol Engine Indicator Diagram Four-stroke Cycle 105

70. Petrol Indicator Diagram for a Two-stroke Engine 106

71. Diagram of Valve-setting 116