Chapter XXV: Appendix: F

ON THE GREEK ORIGIN OF LITANIES (p. 153).

_Litany_ comes from the Greek _litaneia_.

_lite_ means a prayer; whence (_litanos_) one who prays; _litaneuo_ to be a person who prays; _litaneia_ a continued prayer. Thus _Litany_ has the meaning of "prolonged prayers."

In _the (Greek) Liturgy of S. James_, there are three Bidding Prayers (besides the "Diptychs"), which have something of the Litany Form. The following suffrages are selected from the one to which we have referred:

"_The Deacon_. Let us beseech the Lord in peace.

_The Laity_. Lord, have mercy.

_The Deacon_. O God, by thy love grant us safety, mercy, compassion, and protection. _The Laity_. Lord, have mercy.

_The Deacon_. For the peace that is from above, for the love of God towards man, and for the safety of our souls, let us beseech the Lord. _The Laity_ (after each suffrage). Lord, have mercy.

_The Deacon_. For the peace of the whole world, and the unity of all the holy churches of God, let us &c.

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For those who bear fruit and do good in the holy churches of God, those who remember the poor, the widows, and fatherless, strangers and needy persons, and for those who have bidden us to remember them in our prayers, let us &c.

For those who are in old age and weakness, by disease or illness, for those who are oppressed by unclean spirits, for their speedy recovery and safety through God's help, let us &c.

For those who pass their lives in singleness, devotion, or meditation, for those in holy matrimony, those engaged in life's battle in mountains, and caves, and pits of the earth, our holy fathers and brothers, let us &c.

For Christian sailors, travellers, strangers, and those in captivity, in exile, those in prisons, and bitter slavery, being our brethren, for their return in peace, let us &c.

For the remission of our sins, and pardon of our faults, and for our deliverance from all tribulation, anger, danger, and necessity, and from the rising-up of enemies, let us &c.

For a mild season, gentle rains, and kindly dews, for plenteous crops, and a perfect year crowned (with His goodness), let us &c.

For those who are present and pray with us at this sacred hour and at any time, our fathers and brothers, for their earnestness, toil, and readiness of heart, let us beseech the Lord.

That our prayer may be heard, and may be acceptable before God; and that his mercies and compassions may be poured abundantly upon us, let us beseech the Lord."

* * * * * * * *

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DATES.

The principal dates which are of use in reading this book fall into four groups:

1. The Early Church.
2. The Discussion of the Creed.
3. The Growth of Services.
4. The Growth of the English Services.

There is of course a certain amount of overlapping: but this will be readily understood. The reader will also easily guess when the years mentioned are those of a life, or those of a reign.

Early Dates.

A.D. A.D.

14-37. Tiberius, emp.

54-68. Nero, emp.

98-117. Trajan, emp. 112. Pliny's letter.

55-(117). Tacitus, hist.

-(120). Suetonius, hist.

138-161. Antoninus Pius, emp. 140. Justin's 1st Apology.

70-156. Polycarp, Bp.

161-180. Marcus Aurelius, emp. 86-117. Pothinus, Bp.

(125)-202. Irenaeus, Bp.

-(222). Tertullian.

-253. Origen.

-253. Cyprian, Bp.

306-337. Constantine, emp.

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The discussion of the Articles of the Creed.

Doubts. Writers. Councils. Creed.

First & second
centuries.

Ebionites. Irenaeus,
abt 180.

Tertullian,
abt 200.

Docetae.

Gnostics.

Third century. Cyprian, Bp, ? Apostles'
? 253. Creed.

Sabellians.

Arians.

Fourth century. Athanasius, Bp, Nicaea, 325. ) Nicene
(300)-371. ) Creed
)
Basil, Bp, )
329-379 )
)
Apollinarians. Ambrose, Bp, Constantinople, )
340-397. 381. )

Chrysostom, Bp,
(347)-407.

Fifth century. Jerome,
346-420.

Nestorians. Augustine, Bp, Ephesus, 431.
354-430.

Eutychians, or ) Chalcedon, 461.
Monophysites. )

Seventh century.

Monothelites. Constantinople, 'Athanasian'
680. Creed.

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DATES CONNECTED WITH THE

Growth of the Christian Service Books.

A.D.

112. Pliny's Letter.
140. Justin Martyr's 1st Apology.
340-397. Ambrose, Bp of Milan.
347-407. Chrysostom, Bp of Constantinople.
Before 400. Clementine Liturgy.
463-474. Mamertus, Bp of Vienne. _Litanies_.
590-604. Gregory, Bp of Rome. _Litany: Sacramentary_.
Sacramentaries of 7th century, &c., representing
work of
440-461. Leo, Bp of Rome.
492-496. Gelasius, Bp of Rome.
590-604. Gregory, Bp of Rome.

742-814. Charlemagne. Abolition of Gallican Liturgy.
747. Great Council of Cloveshoo.

DATES CONNECTED WITH THE

Growth of the Service Books in England.

200. Christianity already established in Britain. (_Tertullian_.)
314. Council at Arles in France. Three British Bishops signed.
596-605. Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury.
664. Council of Whitby.
747. The great Council of Cloveshoo.

Restraints upon the influence of the Pope in England.

1215. Magna Charta.
1279. Statute of Mortmain.
1351. Statute of Provisors.
1352. Statute of Praemunire.

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Translations of the Bible Revisions of the Prayer Book
in England. in England.

8th century. Psalms (_Saxon_).
The Gospels (_Egbert_).
S. John (_Bede_).

880. The Psalms (_King Alfred_).

1085. The Sarum Use.

1380-4. Wyclifs Bible.

1526-31. Tyndale.

1535. Coverdale.

1539. Cranmer (The Great Bible).

1545. The King's Primer.

1548. The Order of the Communion.

1549. First Revision in English.

1552. Second Revision in English.

1553. (Latin) Uses restored.

1558-9. Third Revision in English.

1568. The Bishops' Bible.

1604. Fourth Revision.

1611. The Authorised Version.

1645-60. Prayer Book forbidden
by the Long Parliament.

1661-2. Fifth Revision.

1871. New Lectionary.

1872. Shortened Services allowed.

1881, 1885. The Revised Version.

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INDEX.

Absolution, 29, 31, 35
Alcuin, 140
Alexandrine MS., 65, 69
Ambrose, Bp of Milan, 42, 43, 57 n., 63, 65, 78
Amen, 18, 20, 23, 37, 127-8, 159
Anthem, 20, 22, 28, 128, 142, 146-152
Antiphon, 9, 10, 19, 60, 132, 133, 134, 146
Antiphonal, 3, 40, 128, 157, 158
Antiphonary, 128, 134, 135, 148
Apocrypha, 51, 56
Apollinarian, 124
Arian and Arius, 110, 120, 122
Athanasian, see Creed
Athanasius, 124
Augustine, Archbp of Canterbury, 155, 171
Augustine, Bp of Hippo, 65, 78, 94, 124, 155
Authorised, see Bible

Basil, Bp of Caesarea, 29 n., 70, 144
Benedicite, 11, 63, 77, 78-81, 88
Benedictus, 62, 63, 83-6
Bible, 47-57, 182
-- Authorised V., 40, 41
-- Bishops', 11, 41
-- Great, 41
-- Revised V., 182
-- Wyclif, 13
Breviary, 59, 132, 134
Bright, 135, 139, 140

Calendar, 57
Cambridge Companion, 47
Canon, 57
Cantate, 63, 77, 81
Canticles, 4, 9, 37, 39, 41, 57, 59, 61, 88
Capitulum, 61, 62
Cartwright, 20, 22
Catholic Church, 105, 107, 112, 120, 121-2
Catholic Religion, 101, 125
Chalcedon Council, 97, 122, 124
Chant, 39
Charlemagne, 124, 140
Chaucer, 148
Choral Singing, 3
Christian Verity, 101, 125
Chrysostom, Bp of Constantinople, 54 n., 143, 144, 153, 158
Clementine Liturgy, 144
Cloveshoo, 155
Collecta, Collectio, 139, 140
Collects, 9, 10, 28, 127-142
Combination of Services, 9-10
Communion, Holy, 5, 10, 58, 59, 131
Communion of Saints, 112
Compline, 7, 43, 60, 63
Confession, 10, 24, 28, 30-32, 35
Consubstantial, 126
Continuous Singing, 3
Controversy, 118-123
Corinth, 18
Cosin, Bp of Durham, 61, 117 n.
Creeds, 89-94
Creed, Apostles', 28, 39, 91-8, 104-114, 116, 118
Creed, Athanasian, 92, 99, 101, 115-126
Creed, Nicene, 92, 94, 110, 114, 116, 118, 126
Cyprian, Bp of Carthage, 66, 72

Daily Service, 25, 26
Day Hours, 6, 8, 9, 10, 60, 61, 63-4, 132, 173
Deus Misereatur, 63, 83, 88
Direct Singing, 3
Docetae, 110, 121
Doxology, 24, 27, 37, 53, 70, 131
Doxology in Te Deum, 74
Duplication, 33, 34, 35, 160, 161, 162-4

Ebionite, 119
Edward VI., 26, 27, 41, 134
Ember Prayers, 144
-- Week, 159
Ephesus Council, 18
Eusebius, 95
Eutyches, Eutychian, 122, 123
Evangelistarium, see Lectionaries
Evensong, 10, 42, 141, 142, and see Mattins
Excursus, 113
Exhortation, 29, 30, 34
Extempore worship, 1, 2, 17

Faldstool, 156-7
Festivals, 44
Forms of worship, 2, 3, 4, 17

Gallican Church, 61
Gelasian Sacramentary, 137, 141, 143, 144
Gelasius, 136
Gloria Patri, 4, 10, 11, 28, 37, 39, 40, 74, 114, 116-7,
129, 149, 158, 172
Gnostic, 121
Gradual, 135
Great Bible, see Bible
Gregory the Great, 135, 155

Hampton Court Conference, 40
Haphtarah, 53
Harvey Goodwin, 92, 116
Hebrew, 18
Henry VIII., 41
Hilary of Arles, 78, 124
-- Poictiers, 78
Homilies, 155
Honorius, 122
Hook, 57
Hooker, 20, 22
Hours of Prayer, 5-6
Hymns, 9, 39, 44, 60-2, 66, 69, 76, 77
Hymn, Greek, 71

Intention, 15, 17, 24, 44
Intercessions, 161, 165-9
Interjectional, 20, 21, 23, 127, 128
Introductory, 29, 32
Invitatory, 40
Invocations, 161
Irenaeus, 95, 96, 97, 98, 154

Jerome, S., 42, 51, 54
Jew, 119, 121
Jewish Influence, 18
-- Lectionary, 53
Jubilate, 63, 83, 87, 88
Justification, 117
Justin Martyr, 3, 54, 58, 59

Kay, 88
Keble, 71
Keynote, 16, 24

Latin Services, 25
Lauds, 6, 7, 9, 43, 44, 60, 61, 62, 63, 87, 132
Lectern, 57
Lectionaries, 51-7, 135
Legenda, 134
Leo the Great, 136
Lessons, 9, 10, 18, 24, 28, 39, 41, 47-57, 76, 77, 82,
83, Appendix C, 173
Litany, 20, 23, 35, 153-173
-- Lesser, 9, 11, 131, 157
Liturgy, 10, 40, 41
-- of S. James, 153
Lord's Prayer, 9, 11, 12-17, 28, 37, 38, 131

Macedonius, Bp of Constantinople, 120
Magnificat, 63, 77, 78, 146-150
Mamertus, Bp of Vienne, 154
Manichaean, 121
Manual, 134
Manuscripts, 32
Map of Lessons, 64
Mattin-Lauds, 6, 7, 60, 62, 63
Mattins, 6, 7, 10, 42, 43, 141
Missal, 135
Monothelites, Monophysites, 122, 124
Morning Service, 8, 24, 25

Names and Titles, 10
Nero, 106, 107
Nestorian, 122, 123, 124
New Testament, 49
Nicene, see Creed
Nocturn, 42
None, 7, 43
Nunc Dimittis, 63, 83, 86, 87

Obsecrations, 161, 164
Occasional Prayers and Thanksgivings, 131, 144, 145, 158-9
Office Hymns, 61
Old Testament, 48, 62
Ordinary, 7, 44
Original Sin, 102
Ornaments, 26, 57
O Sapientia, 146

Parascha, 53
Pater Noster, 11
Paul, S., 18
Petitions, 14
Pie, 33
Pliny, 107, Appendix D, 174-5
Polycarp, 154
Portiforium, 134
Pothinus, 154
Praise Terminations, 8-14, 30, 37, 47, 58, 63, 78
Prayers, 24, 112-144
Preceded Form, 21, 23
Preces, 21, 28, 128, 129, 130, 132-134
Predestination, 102
Preface, 33, 40-1, 43, 44, 119, 140, 165
Prime, 7, 43, 117 n.
Proper Lessons, 55
Prophets, 29, 49
Psalms, 18, 24, 28, 37-46, 100, 117 n., 132
Psalms, method of singing, 3, 4
Psalter, 41, 134

Quicunque vult, 11, 126

Reading, 30
Responds, 10, 39
Responsorial, 3, 20
Resurrection, 113, 114
Revelation, 90, 100, 104
Revision and Revisers, 26, 32, 33, 41, 129, 132, 134, 158, 159
Rogation Days, 154-6
-- Litanies, 155, 172
Rubrics, 4, 25, 32, 57, 129, 130, 131

Sabellian, 119
Sacramental, 112
Sacramentary, 135-7
Sanctification, 103
Sarum Breviary, 33, 132, 133
-- Litany, 158
Sarum Missal, 170
-- Use, 33, 43, 88, 171, 172
Scripture, Holy, 10
Seats, 57
Self-examination, 93, 94
Semi-Arian, 120
Sentences, 29
Septuagint, 43, 132
Services, 42
Setting, 15, 16, 17 n., 24, 147, 150
Sext, 7, 43

Socrates, 102, 103, 104, 105
Special Psalms, 44
Stanzas of Te Deum, 66-9
Substance, 126
Suetonius, 106
Suffrage, 159, etc.
Surplice, 26
Symbolum, 93
Synagogue Services, 18, 51, 54

Table of Worship Forms, 20
Tacitus, 106-7
Te Deum, 4, 63, 65-75, 76, 78, 83
Temple, 18
Terce, 7, 43
Tertullian, 95
Testament, O. and N., 62
Thanksgivings, 10, 14, 15, 28, 30, 144, 145
Theodosius, 42
Tiberius, 107
Translation, 41
Translators, 10, 173
Travers, Walter, 20

Uses, see Sarum

Variations, 1-4
Variety, 3
Venite, 11, 40, 146, 147, 149
Verity, Christian, 101, 125
Verse and Respond, 127, 132-4, 146, 148, 172
Versicles, 9, 10, 39
Vespers, 6, 7, 42, 43, 60, 63, 132
Vulgate, 43, 132

Witness of Bible, 104, 105, 107-114
Worship, 13, 18
-- Forms, 20, 11, 24, 127
Wreathing, 160-1

Zacharias, 84
Zechariah, 84

End of Project Gutenberg's The Prayer Book Explained, by Percival Jackson