Chapter XXXV: Part 35

They correspond to those by which Rabshakeh tried to subvert Hezekiah's confidence. He puts the question in a contemptuous tone, and then proceeds to answer it, and to show that the confidence cherished had no solid basis. 1. He points to _the slenderness of Hezekiah's resources_ (ver. 5, 6, 8, 9). "The Egyptians can no more be relied on than the frail reeds that grow on the banks of their Nile. No help can come from abroad; and see how weak you are in yourselves. If you can find riders, I will supply 2000 horses." How could such a puny kingdom withstand the power of Assyria with its magnificent military equipment? So unbelief tries to undermine faith, not knowing that God's strength is perfected in human weakness. Cardinal Cajetan tried to browbeat Luther,--"Do you think that your electors will take up arms for you? I tell you, no; and where then will you be?" The brave answer was, "Then, as now, in the hands of God." 2. Rabshakeh tries to _close the door of Divine help_ (ver. 7). "How can you expect support from a God whose worship you have suppressed?" But this was a needful reform, for these rural places of worship had degenerated into scenes of idolatry. So the enemies of the faith in our day try to make capital out of the changes and reforms that have taken place. They point to our ecclesiastical divisions and theological controversies as an argument against us. "How can that be true about which there is so much diversity of opinion? How can Divine help be expected to defend the Christian faith, when there are so many sects and parties, disestablishment agitations, and ecclesiastical rivalries?" We answer that there is a unity among all who love the Lord Jesus, and however much we may deplore the need of change and reform, we are not to be deterred from effecting them by any fear of God's displeasure. It can never offend God to maintain His truth and worship in all their purity (H. E. I. 1372-1374). 3. Another reason for surrender is urged in ver. 10, where the Assyrian _claims to be commissioned by God_ to destroy the land. This was only a piece of bluster intended to alarm Jerusalem. It has its counterpart in our day in those men of science, who come to us in the name of God with the truths they have discovered, and throw them in our face as inconsistent with faith in the Scriptures. But there can be no real disagreement between science and revelation. We are not going to open our gates to arrogant scientists who claim that their department embraces everything; to materialists who tell us that our heaven is six feet below the ground. Let science keep to its legitimate sphere. It was a good remark made by Professor Ball to a lady who put to him some questions about comets, to each of which he replied, "I do not know." "Then," she said, "may I ask what is the use of your science?" "To let me know, madam," he replied, "that I cannot know some things" (H. E. I. 538, 539). 4. Rabshakeh presses a surrender in view of _the hardships the people would have to endure._ He threatens them with famine and thirst, and (vers. 16, 17) promises them ease and plenty if they will but suppress the sentiment of patriotism, abandon their confidence, and give up their city into his hands. This is an old and well-used device to make the believer cower in the face of trials and privations. But the men of faith are proof against such selfish considerations. They will fight the Lord's battles at whatever cost; for however hard their outward lot may be, they have inward joys which more than counterbalance the loss of all things. 5. The last argument which Rabshakeh employed is this (vers. 18-20): _Other gods were unable to defend their worshippers against the victorious march, and why should the Lord be able to defend Jerusalem?_ This was his last thrust, and was intended to bring home to the people the utter baselessness of their confidence. This reasoning is not unlike the patronising tone in which infidels speak of the Christian religion, as one of the many superstitions, all well enough for their day, but now effete, or destined to perish before the advance of intelligence; as one of those venerable systems, all of which are not losing their hold on the intellect and heart.

+III. Why should we still hold to our Christian confidence in spite of these attempts to overthrow it?+

The agnosticism and infidelity which in our time are so loud and pretentious are only systems of negation; they have no substitute for that which they endeavour to destroy. If we allow them to rob us of our faith, we are spiritually bankrupt, for these destructive agencies have nothing to satisfy the heart and conscience. Never let us lower our flag for all their threats and boastful arrogance. Perhaps the best way to deal with them is that which was followed by Hezekiah's officers (ver. 21; Matt. vii. 6).

+IV. What will be the end of all the assaults made upon the Christian faith?+

We know what came of the boastful insolence of Rabshakeh. Not only did he fail to unhinge the confidence of Hezekiah, but he brought upon himself confusion and defeat. God answered his blasphemies; God employs the hostile efforts of unbelief to confirm us in our confidence. What our enemies intend for the subversion of the truth only places it on a more solid basis. Christianity can never suffer from the most rigid investigation, for this only reveals its immovable strength. We throw back on our opponents their own question, "What confidence have you, what light in the dark lonesome hour of death?" Or, the strange "credulity of unbelief," which accepts the most glaring fallacies, whose reason is clouded by a proud and insolent defiance of God! We have nothing to fear, then, from the boastful Rabshakehs of our day. The assaults to which our faith is now subjected are nothing new. Old weapons are refurbished, old stratagems resorted to; but it has survived attacks as clever as those now made upon it (H. E. I. 1165).

CONCLUSION.--Let me put to you the question in a different tone with all affection and anxiety for your spiritual welfare. It is good to have our position assailed that we may see its strength (H. E. I. 1136-1139). Is yours a confidence that can resist the thrusts and subtle reasonings and plausible solicitations of the world? The best answer you can give to the insolence of unbelief is to hold your peace, and go quietly forward in resolute faith and persistent well-doing, giving not the answer of the lip, but of the life--a life nourished, strengthened, and beautified by faith in Christ.--_William Guthrie, M.A._

IN WHOM ART THOU TRUSTING?

xxxvi. 5. _. . . Now on whom dost thou trust?_

The question is important in ordinary life, but it is overwhelmingly so in spiritual things.

I. A LITTLE BUNDLE OF ANSWERS.

1. "I do not know that I have thought about the matter; I have left the matter of dying, and of eternity, and of judgment out of my consideration." How foolish! There are more gates to death than you dream of. Have not you walked with dying men? Suppose you were sure of a long life, why delay being happy? Christ says of the rich man in hell, "He lift up his eyes." He might and should have done so before, but he said, "Tell my brethren." 2. "I thank God I am about as good as most people." Company in being ruined will not decrease, but rather increase the catastrophe. You are trusting in yourself. But is conscience quiet? Only the absolutely perfect man can be saved by his own works. 3. "I trust in my priest." Has any priest grace to spare for you? You are, or may be, as much a priest as any man can be; Christians are "a royal priesthood." 4. "Well, God is merciful." You are trusting in the mercy of God; but, as you state it, you are trusting in what you will never find. If you go to God out of Christ, you will find Him to be a consuming fire; instead of mercy you shall receive justice (H. E. I. 2315-2317, 2349-2350). 5. "Well, I do not say that I can trust to my works, but I am a good-hearted man." There is much truth in the saying, "If it is bad at the top, it is worse at the bottom; and if it is not good on the surface, it will never pay for getting at it" (Jer. xvii. 9; H. E. I. 2669-2680).

II. THE CHRISTIAN'S ANSWER.

I trust a triune God--Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. I trust to the Father's choosing me; to the Son, as my Redeemer, Intercessor, my resurrection, and life; to the Holy Spirit, to save me from my inbred sins, to sanctify me wholly.

To some men this does not look like a real trust. "We cannot see God; how do we know all this about the Trinity?" Cannot you trust in a thousand things you have never seen or heard? You have never seen electricity nor gravity. Those that have trusted in God find Him to be as real as if they could see Him. "Can we prove that God interferes to help His people?" Yes, He hears prayer. A Christian is sometimes asked whether he has a right to trust God. He has God's promise to help him. "Is He worthy to be trusted?" He has proved Himself faithful and true. The Christian commends God to others in saying that he feels he can rest upon Him for the future.

III. SOME WORDS OF ADVICE TO THOSE WHO ARE TRUSTING.

1. _Drive out all unbelief._ With such a God to trust to, let us trust with all our might. It is an insult to Him to doubt Him. The devil calls God a liar, but it is hard if a man's own child is to think ill of his father. We are verily guilty in speaking hard things of our God. 2. _Seek the Holy Spirit's help._ We have often said we would not doubt again, yet we have. Let us ask to be strengthened. We often forget that the Author of our faith must be the Finisher of it also. 3. Try to _bring others to trust_ where we have trusted (John i. 40-42, 45). 4. Love Him who thus gives Himself to be trusted by us. The sister graces ever live together. Show your love. 5. We must _prove our faith by our works._ Let us do more for God. "No day without a deed." Cease working and you will soon cease believing.--_C. H. Spurgeon: Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit,_ vol. xi. pp. 469-480.

HEZEKIAH'S PRUDENT SILENCE.

xxxvi. 21. _But they held their peace, &c._

Dr. Geikie says of Hezekiah, "Ready for war when necessary, and alike brave and skilful in its conduct, he was more inclined to the gentle arts of peace." Among these "gentle arts" should be reckoned his cultivated gift of prudence. Prudence is undervalued by some, as not taking rank among the higher virtues, and even sometimes decried as essentially selfish. But prudence guards the life of the highest virtue, and thus becomes of almost equal importance with it. Prudence is short for "providence;" "the provident man," as the phrase is used, shows prudence in one direction, and is praised for it. Greater praise is surely due to the all-round prudent man. Prudence in man is, in one aspect, but the counterpart of providence in God, and those who are given to esteem it lightly are not pious, like Hezekiah, but already doubters of, and disbelievers in, the general and special providence of God, or likely to become so (P. D. 2914).

It is prudent to be silent--1. _When the judgment, based upon the knowledge of available facts, dictates silence as sound policy._ Silence may, and often does, imply something quite different from a wisely calculated policy; it may indicate abject fear, cowardice, indifference. All silence is not "golden;" sometimes the basest metal goes to its composition. The order to be silent, whether addressed by Hezekiah to his ambassadors, or to the people generally, or to both, may be conjectured to have sprung from the king's desperate case. But even if we leave out this element, enough remains to justify the command, "Answer him not." It may be presumed that the messenger of the "great king," "dressed in a little brief authority," conducted himself as Hezekiah _foresaw_ he would, outdoing Sennacherib himself in blasphemy and all impiety. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself." Hezekiah did this in the most literal sense, and his command to all concerned was to hide the spirit of their mind behind a veil of silence. Such prudence, then, is more than foresight, it is foresight connecting itself with a certain course of action as the wisest or best possible in certain given circumstances (P. D. 3086, 3089). How rare is such prudence! Not from evil intent, but through want of thought, do many persist in running their heads against adamant. Available knowledge is neglected, and judgment, where there is any in such a case, is adrift and mistaken.

2. _When the deepest feelings are agitated so as to be beyond immediate control._ Hezekiah's ambassadors obeyed their orders until Rabshakeh uttered words the effect of which upon the people there was good reason to dread (ver. 10); then they broke in, carried on a great wave of impulse (ver. 11); but only to make the blasphemer more arrogantly insolent. Feeling, like fire, is a good servant but a bad master; it is blind, and blindly seeks its own objects. Only in the most highly educated moral natures can it ever be expected to flow in proper channels; but in none should it be intrusted with the reins of government. "I will keep my mouth with a bridle," said the Psalmist, "while the wicked is before me" (cf. James i. 19, 20, 26).

3. _When wise counsel is at hand_ (xxxvii. 1, 2). "Hezekiah went into the house of the Lord;" "and he sent Eliakim unto Isaiah the prophet." There is a kind of piety which disdains human aid, because each man may go direct to God. This may not have wrought so much harm in the world as the Romish doctrine of mediators, but it is equally mistaken. Blessed is the man who knows of a prophet--a brother-man of spiritual insight, moral integrity, and Christian courtesy--before whom he can lay his case! Thrice blessed he who, knowing such an one, can hold his peace until he has sought and obtained the Heaven-provided help! God may well hold us insincere if we go to Him and neglect His servants' aid.

CONCLUSION.--Let us hear and understand the words of the preacher: "There is a time to keep silence," as well as "a time to speak." We are lacking in silence and reserve. Silence is a glorious temple, but in it there are few worshippers. Be it ours to wait and worship there!

The worshippers find the very walls translucent, the rays of heaven descend in unbroken brightness there. Silence is the birthplace of the world's progress, and from the rays of truth that flash into it are born the grand visions of the prophets of God, and kingly purposes too; and from these are forged the weapons with which men shall sweep away the hindrances to all wisdom.--_J. Macrae Simcock._

A FOOLISH KING AND A WISE ONE.

xxxvii. 1. _And it came to pass, &c._

The message to which our text refers was sent by a foolish king to a wise one. Look at them both.

I. THE FOOLISH KING.

Sennacherib. Ignorant of God, he fell into various follies. 1. _Pride and arrogance._ Unaware that he was but an instrument in the hand of God (chap. x. 5-7), he imagined that his triumphs were due entirely to his military genius and the power under his control. Blind as to the true nature of his past career, he looked into the future with boastful confidence; he had no doubt that he would go on conquering and to conquer. His proud survey of the past and this arrogant outlook into the future are follies repeated by many men much smaller than Sennacherib. But every wise man will remember that he owes all his past successes to God (Deut. viii. 10-18), and that all his future is absolutely in the hand of God (James iv. 13-15). 2. _Blasphemous undervaluing of the power of God_ (vers. 18-20). He therefore imagines that God's people are in his hand. On this account he presents to them a curious reason why they should surrender (chap. xxxvi. 16, 17). He promises them a quiet possession of their own vines, which they possessed already but for his disturbance; and in the same breath he adds, "Until I come and take you away;" and then, to soften that sentence, he promises to take them to a land like their own. He promises them no more, after all, than they had already on the safe tenure of their own laws. The reason for surrender was either a mockery of men whom he believed incapable of resisting him, or an indication of the mental weakness into which pride was betraying him. Ere long there was a terrible demonstration of his folly (ch. xxxvii. 36, P. D. 3413), an appalling fulfilment of the prediction concerning him (ch. x. 12-19).

II. THE WISE KING.

Hezekiah. His disposition does not appear to more advantage in any passage of life, nor his conduct exhibit lessons more generally useful, than in the circumstances to which our text alludes. A message is brought from a proud invader; threats mixed with blasphemies are sounded in his ears; a force far superior to his own draws near to his city. In his extremity he sought help, not from man, but from God. In drawing near to God, he testifies his _penitence_ for his own sins and the sins of the people by rending his garments and covering himself with sackcloth, the usual tokens of sorrow in the East; his _faith_ and _hope_ by resorting to the house of God, his accustomed place of prayer. Observe the wisdom of the order of his procedure. 1. He began with demonstrations of repentance. He knew well that without repentance there could be no hope towards God. (1.) This is the true order for individuals (H. E. I. 145-147). (2.) For the Church of God. 2. Beginning with repentance, he could cherish hope (vers. 2-4). Why? He felt that the Lord would not permit Sennacherib's words to pass unpunished; and that, if the sins of the people did not operate to prevent it, help would surely be sent him. But he spoke with caution, "it may be," &c. The best reasons may be found for what we call "delays" in providential helps. There was room for expectation that help would be given, room for prayer that it might be given, but no room for overweening confidence that it must be so. With his hope there was mingled submission to the will of God, and that doubtless helped to win for his prayer a favourable hearing.

CONCLUSION.--This narrative presents us with the results, on the one hand, of pride and arrogance; and on the other, of repentance and an humbled spirit. In times of extremity let us not entertain hope without an humble and repentant suit to God; and when that ground of penitence is laid for its support, let us not dismiss our confidence. God is always able to help His people. Like Hezekiah, then, to Him, let us resort in every time of trouble, whether it be a time of public danger or of domestic affliction.--_J. H. Pott: Sermons,_ vol. ii. pp. 282-299.

A KING IN TROUBLE.

xxxvii. 14. _And Hezekiah received the letter, &c._

The armies of Assyria had overthrown the cities of Phœnicia and Philistia. Samaria had fallen. Many of the strongholds of Judah had been destroyed. Hezekiah attempted to turn aside the tide of war by sending a tribute to the conqueror. Like all compromises of unbelief, this act of submission resulted in increased trial. Sennacherib did not desire to make peace with Hezekiah. To have left Jerusalem unsubdued as he advanced towards Egypt would have been impolitic and unsafe. So he determined to destroy it, and sent a letter full of boastful arrogance, threats, blasphemy, false insinuations, and insults to the king.

I. HEZEKIAH'S TROUBLE.

1. Kings cannot escape trouble. Storms howl on mountain-tops when sunshine gilds the plains (H. E. I. 47; P. D. 2142, 2143). 2. Neither does piety prevent trouble. If it were an absolute evil, the righteous would escape it; but it is often an angel in disguise stooping to serve them. The best need discipline. The pious are often more benefited by trouble than by joy (H. E. I. 116-142). 3. Trouble may arise, not from our own wrong-doings, but from the wrong-doing of others. Sennacherib's lawless ambition then troubled the whole earth. God uses evil even to discipline His saints. He knew what Hezekiah needed, and used Sennacherib to discipline him (H. E. I. 85). 4. Great troubles may be conveyed to us by insignificant means. A letter only was received; but who can tell what trouble a letter may convey? 5. Hezekiah's trouble was great. It included--(1.) _The threatened loss of his kingdom._ He saw before him the loss of all his greatness and honour. (2.) _Threatened captivity or death._ (3.) _Possible demolition of the royal city._ Jerusalem was dear to every Jew. Especially so to Hezekiah, who had fortified and beautified it. (4.) _The ruin and exile of his people._ (5.) _The dishonour of Jehovah._ Sennacherib had insulted God. If Jerusalem were taken, His holy and beautiful house would be profaned, His glory tarnished, and His worship, which had been lately restored, obliterated from the earth.

II. HEZEKIAH'S REFUGE.

All men have not a Divine refuge in trouble. The irreligious cannot rush into the sheltering arms of God. Hezekiah had done all that a wise monarch could do to defend his city (2 Chron. xxxii. 1-8), and after this he committed his way to God. Fanaticism despises means, but true faith uses them, and then soars above them to rest in Omnipotence. 1. _Hezekiah sought God, his refuge, in the Temple._ For the spiritual training of a people who were to be God's witnesses to the end of time, God's presence was more especially revealed there. Special promises were given to those who prayed there. Moreover, it was Hezekiah's accustomed place of prayer. Helpful memories often crowd around us in places where we have prayed, and bear us up, as upon eagles' wings, into the Divine presence. 2. _He would set a good example to the nation._ He would lead his people to seek God in that day of trouble. 3. _He would publicly manifest his confidence in God's power to protect and save._ His faith found expression in an act which honoured God and quickened His people's confidence in Him. He spread the letter before the Lord. A most significant act--a prayer in action. Probably done in solemn silence, words afterward rising to his lips. He would not answer this letter, but would leave it with God to answer it. Many letters might better be left with God than answered. If enemies threaten us, let us make God our refuge, and our deliverance also will be sure (P. D. 779).

_Learn_--1. So to live as to have those troubles only which come to us by Divine appointment. 2. In the greatest of these troubles never to despair of Divine help, but to expect it. 3. To be pious in prosperity, that when adversity comes we may have God for our refuge (H. E. I. 3877-3879).--_W. Osborne Lilley: The Homiletic Quarterly,_ vol. i. pp. 389-391.

The conduct of Hezekiah recited here teaches us _our first duty and best resource in any emergency._ Sennacherib had captured all the defended cities of Judah, and at length, determining to capture Jerusalem, he sent a taunting, boastful, threatening letter to Hezekiah, reminding him of the Assyrian conquests, and warning him against a vain confidence in the help of his God. This letter Hezekiah spread before the Lord in earnest prayer. The sequel shows how wisely he acted, and a consolatory message was sent by Isaiah to Hezekiah. Sennacherib was not allowed to shoot an arrow against Jerusalem; his army was destroyed, and he was compelled to return ignominiously to his own land, where he shortly afterwards perished. Here we have an example that should be followed by any one harassed, irritated, alarmed.

1. _Sorrowful ones,_ take note of it. In this world there is much to trouble, harass, annoy us, but we should be more proof against such things if we were more accustomed to have recourse to the Divine helps graciously offered us. You know what a source of comfort it is to lay open your grief to a sympathising friend. This source of help and consolation may fail you, but there is no imaginable state in which you may not spread your sorrow before the Lord. Nor can any friend so fully enter into it, compassionate it, relieve it. What a privilege it is to have such a Comforter always at hand! How completely are they enemies to their own happiness who neglect to avail themselves of such an advantage (H. E. I. 3739-3741, 199, 2311, 2322; P. D. 96, 2820).

2. Connected with Hezekiah's sorrow there was _fear._ The more reason for spreading his case before the Lord, of all friends the most willing and able to remove the cause of apprehension. Daniel in the den of lions, Shadrach and his brethren in the furnace, Paul and Silas in prison, might be quoted in proof of God's readiness to deliver His people from fear and danger. Whatever may be the nature or the source of your fear, spread it before the Lord (H. E. I. 4058).

3. Another feeling which the perusal of Sennacherib's letter was likely to produce in Hezekiah's mind was _irritation._ It was written in a tone of proud sarcasm, well calculated to produce this effect. If Hezekiah found any such feeling arise in his mind in reading it, what could he do better than lay it before the Lord? We are continually liable to meet with circumstances calculated to ruffle the temper. Then, if we wish to feel and act as Christians should, let us spread the case before the Lord; let us not trust to our command of temper, or to any resolutions we may have formed, but meet the sudden call upon our patience and forbearance by a prompt application to the Fountain whence those graces flow. It is possible to pray under any circumstance. Ejaculatory prayer is a most precious privilege, especially in circumstances of sudden trial or temptation. As anger springs up so suddenly in the mind in cases of irritation, it is most happy that there is an antidote to its evil effects on the mind that may be resorted to as speedily (H. E. I. 3765-3773). How much better is prayer than angry retorts (H. E. I. 261-271).

The good effects of the habit of carrying everything to God are not limited to those three cases; they extend to every conceivable circumstance of trial or temptation. They have yet to learn the value of religion who do not know the difference it makes in a state of trial and affliction to have the privilege of turning to a reconciled and loving Father, and spreading our calamity before Him, and asking His tender and strong support. As trials may befall us at any hour, we should live in constant fellowship with Him (H. E. I. 3872-3879).--_John Marriott, M.A.: Sermons,_ pp. 434-436.

A KING'S PRAYER.

xxxvii. 15-20. _And Hezekiah prayed, &c._

+I. Hezekiah prayed to Jehovah as the God of his nation.+ "O Lord God of Israel." 1. The nation bore the name of one of its progenitors, who "as a prince had prevailed with God." The name Israel had been more generally applied to the northern kingdom, which had already been overthrown, but Hezekiah claims it for the remnant that was left. When he uttered that name, did he wish to remind himself of Jacob's power in prayer, or of God's special interest in His nation? Perhaps both. God had chosen, defended, saved it. Names which recall Divine deliverance may encourage us in prayer. 2. His nation was Jehovah's peculiar dwelling place: "Which dwelleth between the cherubim." The Shekinah, symbol of the Divine presence, shone forth from between those weird figures on either side of the mercy-seat. Hezekiah"s reference to this peculiar Divine manifestation was intended to suggest that God would protect His own dwelling-place. This is true. God's dwelling-place is always safe, whether it be a nation--a man--a church (H. E. I. 1246-1251).

+II. In his prayer Hezekiah recognises the sole supremacy of Jehovah.+ "Thou art the God," &c., "and have cast their gods into the fire," &c. Polytheism prevailed in the nations surrounding Judæa. Sennacherib had spoken of Jehovah as if He were the God merely of the Jews, and in his ignorance supposed that Hezekiah had offended Him by removing the "high places." Hezekiah asserted--1. That Jehovah was the only true God. 2. That He exercised supreme control over all the kingdoms of the earth.

+III. He appealed to Jehovah as the Maker of heaven and earth.+ In the sublime acknowledgement these truths are involved:--1. _That He is eternal_ (H. E. I. 2253; P. D. 1492, 1518). 2. _That He is separate from all His works._ He is immanent in them, but independent of them (P. D. 1519). 3. _That He is omnipotent._ He who made the universe must be almighty (H. E. I. 2270; P. D. 1509). 4. _That He has all things under His control_ (H. E. I. 4023). This conception of God afforded solid ground for Hezekiah's faith. Before the greatness of Jehovah the might of His enemies sank into nothingness. Large conceptions of God will ever give large expectations in prayer. The more we widen our views of God, the more confidence we shall have in Him in trouble.

+IV. Hezekiah prayed with great earnestness.+ "Lord, bow down Thine ear," &c. "Now, therefore, O Lord, our God, _I beseech Thee._" Fervent desires lead invariably to ardent expressions. Cold prayers are no prayers. Earnestness is needed, not to lead God to observe our condition, nor to create in Him a disposition to help us, but--1. That the strength of our desires may be revealed. 2. That we may be raised from the low condition of formal devotion. 3. That we may have all the spiritual culture which the outcries of real need may impart. 4. That we may be prepared to receive deliverances thankfully (H. E. I. 3831-3838, 3893).

+V. Hezekiah recognised the greatness of the deliverance which he sought.+ "Of a truth, Lord," &c. Other kingdoms had fallen; why not his? Only that his hope was in God. No human ingenuity or might could deliver him. Men must be brought to see that their need of deliverance is great. Sometimes they are brought to see this by temporal emergencies. Such crises teach us more of God than years of ordinary living (H. E. I. 117-121). Spiritual deliverances must come from God alone. The soul is a besieged city. The forces of Diabolus are around Mansoul. Its Sennacherib is mighty. The deliverance which it needs is great. To recognise the greatness of the deliverance we need will--1. Deepen our sense of our own helplessness. 2. Stimulate the exercise of great faith. 3. Prepare us for the manifestation of God's great delivering hand.

+VI. Hezekiah associated the glory of Jehovah with the deliverance which he sought.+ The reproaches that had been cast upon him had been cast upon God. The deliverance of Jerusalem would manifest God's sole supremacy in the earth--"that all the kingdoms," &c. No prayers are so powerful as those which seek God's glory, for _that_ is the real and ultimate good of humanity. Many prayers will not bear this test; they are earthly, narrow, selfish (P. D. 2842).

Hezekiah's prayer prevailed. The besieging army was destroyed; whether, as Kingsley suggests, "by a stream of poisonous vapours as often comes forth out of the ground during earthquakes and eruptions of burning mountains, and kills all men and animals that breathe it," or by a pestilence, or by the simoom, we cannot tell. But it was God's delivering hand put forth in answer to Hezekiah's faith and prayer--1. That His people might learn to put their trust in Him; and 2. That all the earth might know that none can defy His power and prosper.--_W. Osborne Lilley: The Homiletic Quarterly,_ vol. i. pp. 521-524.

A CHRISTIAN PRAYER.

xxxvii. 20. _Now, therefore, O Lord our God, save us, &c._

The conclusion of Hezekiah's prayer. Sennacherib had accomplished the conquest of several countries, notwithstanding the protection of their gods. He declared that the God who Hezekiah trusted would also be unable to deliver him. What could the king do better than spread the letter before the Lord, cry for help, and make the reproach of the Almighty's power the principal plea? God's honour was at stake. If Jerusalem was saved it would be a demonstration of God's exclusive Divinity to all the nations around. The result was that the angel of the Lord destroyed the Assyrian camp, so that Sennacherib returned to Nineveh. It is one of the most remarkable answers to prayer.

This is pre-eminently a Christian prayer--that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that the Lord is God alone. It is the end toward which all Christian desire and effort is directed. We will consider it in this view, and notice--

I. THE CONSUMMATION WHICH IS DESIRED.

It is that all mankind may believe in the one true God. Most of the nations of ancient times believed in a multiplicity of divinities, as the inhabitants of India do now. But many of these peoples were devoted to some one god in particular, who was supposed to take their country under his protection. The gods were local. They did not exclude each other. In time of war the question, so far as the gods were concerned, was not which nation was protected by the true God, but which god was the strongest.

The spirit of Judaism was entirely antagonistic to this. The unity of God was its great doctrine. It was not missionary; it was a _silent_ protest. So far as they were faithful to the teaching they had received, the belief of the Jewish people was, that while the Divine Being stood in special covenant relations to them, He was the exclusive Divine Being; that until the nations should become acquainted with Him they had no God at all.

Christianity occupies a similar position, only the position is extended. When it commenced its career, it made itself felt, not as a silent protest, but as an active aggressive agency which aimed at the overthrow of all idolatry. It assumed the position that all the religions of the earth are false, while it is the only religion for man. From that position it has not descended. To do so would be to efface itself, therefore it cannot accept the modern paganism. It cannot take its place as one of the many forms, perhaps the most enlightened, in which the religious sentiment is expressed. It cannot accept the courtesies of "thoughtful men" on these terms. It must be all or nothing. It is the channel through which the one God has revealed Himself as the redeeming God. The consummation desiderated by the Christian Church is that all the nations of the earth may be brought to the knowledge of Him as thus revealed.

II. THE REASON WHY IT IS DESIRED.

1. _Because it is essential to the Divine honour._ God is not regardless of His glory, He might have remained alone; but He chose to call into existence creatures able to contemplate His glory. Before them He has set His works. He wishes to live in their thoughts and affections, not merely as a distant object of awful contemplation, but as one enshrined in their heart's love. He desires to be so real to them as that they shall connect Him with all the events of history and all the experience of life. But this cannot be, if He is unknown or regarded as one of many. The honour of the sovereign cannot be divided; neither can the honour of God. It is something by itself. He is jealous of it. So are His people. They are anxious that He receive His proper honour from all the world.

2. _Because it is necessary to religious worship._ Some religious worship enters into the life of mankind everywhere. But it cannot be indifferent whether it shall be offered to the only Being capable of receiving it, or to nothing. The notion entertained of the object of worship regulates the nature of worship. Contrast heathen with Christian worship. An unknown God cannot be satisfactorily worshipped. The God of Christianity can be the object of a worship that is real so far as the worshipper is concerned, and acceptable to Him to whom it is presented.

3. _Because it affects the experience of life._ A man's thoughts respecting God must affect his life at every point. He must not believe in any. He may believe in many. He may believe in one. He will be influenced in relation to the duties, the trials, and the difficulties of life. Is not the ideal of possible excellence for humanity higher under the influence of the Christian than under any other form of belief or unbelief respecting God? In the inevitable sorrows of life, is it not a very different thing to be ignorant of God from what it is to know Him as one who sympathises with the sufferer, and whose hand will remove the suffering when it has accomplished its appointed work? The knowledge of God is the most practical of all knowledge. It moulds our life, character, experience, conduct, at every point.

4. _Because it secures the salvation of the soul_ (John xvii. 3). There must be an experimental acquaintance with Him. It is realised in the friendship with Him that comes through faith in Christ. It is an abiding spiritual life, gradually unfolding into eternal life.

III. THE MEANS BY WHICH IT WILL BE REALISED.

The prayer contemplates Divine action as evidence. "Save us from his hand." According to the reasoning of the time this would be the proof. Reasoning from facts still the most satisfactory. Thus we may reason--1. From _creation._ The wisdom and power displayed are the wisdom and power of One. 2. From _redemption._ God has interposed for many. He has actually saved many. Every conversion strengthens this argument. 3. From _the preservation of the living Church._ In spite of persecution, infidelity, lapse of time.

We may therefore make it a plea for the bestowment of saving blessings, as Hezekiah did.

Do you believe in him? Live as you believe. Think what would be the effect if all did so. Tell it to the heathen. Pray for them in praying for yourself.--_J. Rawlinson._

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH A CONTINUATION OF THE JEWISH.

xxxvii. 31. _And the remnant that is escaped, &c._

When the power and splendour of the family of David were failing, the prophets foretold that the kingdom of the saints should one time be restored. Has this promise yet been fulfilled or no? and if fulfilled, in what sense?

There are other prophecies parallel to the text, _e.g.,_ Jer. xxxi. 31-33; Ezek. xxxiv. 23; Isa. xli. 14, 15, lxii. 1, 2.

_That these and a number of other prophecies are fulfilled in the Christian dispensation is plain from the express assertions of inspired persons_ (Acts xv. 13-17). This explains the language of Moses, in which the perpetual obligation of the law is asserted, "Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you," &c.; and after punishment, return of prosperity was promised, on condition of returning to the law (Deut. iv. 30, xi. 22-25).

Consider one or two difficulties--

1. It may be well said that the prophecies have not been, and never will be, fulfilled in the letter, because they contain expressions and statements which do not admit, or certainly have a literal meaning. But the use of figures in a composition is not enough to make it figurative as a whole; we constantly use figures of speech whenever we speak, although the main course of our conversation is to be taken literally. Now this will apply to the language of the prophets. The words "David," "Israel," "Jerusalem," and the like, are not so much figures as proper names which have a figurative origin, or words which, having first had a confined sense, come, as language proceeds, to have a wide one. All these words convey a literal truth in their substance.

2. It may be asked whether it is possible to consider the Christian Church, which is so different from the Jewish, a continuation of it. It may be argued that Christ founded His Church as a new thing in the earth. Observe--(1.) That the chosen people had in former ages gone through many vicissitudes, many transformations, before the _revolution_ which followed on Christ's coming. They had been shepherds, slaves; the place of God's presence had moved about; they had been governed by a lawgiver, by judges, by kings, by priests. The change when Christ came from a local into a catholic form, was not abrupt, but gradual; what was first a dispersion became a diffusion. And let it be observed, a change in externals was anticipated as regards the city of God in the Old Testament. "Thou shalt be called by a new name," says the prophet (chap. lxii. 4). (2.) It may be objected that the change was internal, not external only; it became a Church of Gentiles, instead of a Church of Jews. But changes of this kind had occurred before, _e.g.,_ the change which destroyed the substantive existence of the ten tribes; in an earlier age, only two of those who left Egypt with Moses entered the promised land. The line of continuity, surely, was not less definite when the Church became Christian. The sacred writers show themselves aware of this peculiarity in the mode in which God's purposes are carried on from age to age. They are frequent in speaking of a "remnant" as alone inheriting the promises (Rom. xi. 2-5; Isa. i. 9; Ezek. xi. 13; Jer. xl. 15; Hag. i. 14; Joel ii. 32; Micah v. 8; Zech. viii. 12). There was no substitution of a new Church for an old; it was the manifestation of the old law of "the remnant," by which the many were called and the few chosen. We may consider, then, the word "remnant," so constantly used in Scripture, to be the token of identity of the Creator, before and after the coming of Christ. Paul expressly inculcates that the promises made to Israel are really accomplished, without any evasion, in the Divine protection accorded to Christians.

To conclude:--1. Whether we can clear up these points or no, they are not greater than the difficulties which attend on other confessedly fulfilled and very chief and notable prophecies, as that of the dispersion of the Jews. They were threatened with the evils which have befallen them, supposing they did _not_ keep their law; whereas in the event the punishment has come upon them apparently _for keeping_ it; because they would not change the law for the Gospel, _therefore_ have they been scattered through the nations. In this it is implied that in rejecting the Gospel they in some way or other rejected their law, or that the Gospel is the continuation or development of the law. In a similar way are the prophecies concerning the elect _remnant_ fulfilled in the history of the Christian Church. 2. If the prophecies in their substance certainly have had a literal fulfilment, then this will follow, viz., that the very appearance of separation and contrast does but make it more necessary that there should be some great real agreement and inward unity between one and the other, whether we can discover what it is or not on account of which they are called one. All Scripture has its difficulties; but let us not, on account of what is difficult, neglect what is clear. Perchance, if we had learnt from it what we _can_ learn by our own private study, we should be more patient of learning from others those further truths which, though in Scripture, we cannot learn from it ourselves.--_John Henry Newman: Sermons on Subjects of the Day,_ pp. 180-198.

HEZEKIAH'S PRAYER.

Isa. xxxviii. 1-19.

In this narrative there are three points of difficulty and many points of instruction.

I. THREE POINTS OF DIFFICULTY.

1. _Why was Hezekiah afraid to die?_ Answer: (1.) Even to a _Christian_ man, death is an event of unutterable solemnity, for which he feels it necessary to make the most serious preparation, and which he would not like to have occur to him suddenly. (2.) Hezekiah had not that _clear_ view of the future which has been granted to us (ver. 18; 2 Tim. i. 10). (3.) His kingdom was threatened by a powerful enemy, and the important reforms which he had been prosecuting were incomplete; and even good men are apt to forget that God can raise up others to do His work more efficiently than they have done it. (4.) At that time he had no child, and that he should die childless appeared inconsistent with God's promise to David (1 Kings ii. 4). Probably it was a recollection of this promise that prompted his reference to his integrity (ver. 3). In those words there is no boastfulness; they are an appeal to the Divine faithfulness. On all these accounts a prolongation of his life seemed to Hezekiah desirable, and he sought it from God in prayer.

2. _When we compare vers. 1 and 5, do we not find an astonishing reversal of a Divine decree altogether inconsistent with the doctrine of God's unchangeableness?_ No. "The same decree that says, 'Nineveh shall be destroyed,' means, 'If Nineveh repent, it shall not be destroyed.' He that finds good reason to say, 'Hezekiah shall die,' yet still means, 'If the quickened devotion of Hezekiah importune Me for life, it shall be protracted.' And the same God that had decreed this addition of fifteen years had decreed to stir up the spirit of Hezekiah to that vehement and weeping importunity which should obtain it" (_Bishop Hall_).

3. _What was the nature of the sign given to confirm Hezekiah's faith?_ For a discussion of this point, see note.[1]

II. MANY POINTS OF INSTRUCTION.

1. _Sickness and death are the common lot of mankind._ Kings are liable to them as well as beggars (H. E. I. 1536, 1537). 2. _In the extremity of suffering, when all human help is vain, the righteous can turn to God._ Pitiable would have been Hezekiah's case, monarch though he was, if he could only have "turned his face to the wall." 3. _In every extremity, the most powerful of all remedies is prayer_ (H. E. I. 3720-3724). 4. _How promptly God sometimes answers prayer_ (2 Kings xx. 4). 5. _God answers prayer instrumentally._ In this case He did it by suggesting a simple remedy (ver. 21), which perhaps the court physicians had thought it beneath their dignity to employ. 6. _Those who have been restored from dangerous illness should make public acknowledgement of God's goodness._ 7. _How great are our privileges in possessing the Gospel,_ through which "life and immortality are brought to light," and death stripped of its terror! In the market-place of Mayence stands a statue of Gutenberg, the inventor of printing, on the base of which there is this honourable inscription:--"The knowledge which was once the exclusive possession of princes and philosophers he has put within the reach of the common people." A similar statue might be erected to the honour of our Saviour, who has made those views of the future life which cheered only a few of the noblest saints (such as David in Ps. xxiii. 6) the common heritage of the whole Church. No true believer can now be so much afraid of death as Hezekiah was (1 Cor. xv. 55-57).

FOOTNOTE:

[1] _"And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the Lord: and he
brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had
gone down in the dial of Ahaz."_--2 Kings xx. 11.

How was this wonderful result secured? Did God arrest the
earth as it revolved on its axis, and wheel it round in the
opposite direction? No one who considers what would be the
natural result of such a proceeding, and what a stupendous
series of miracles would have been needed to have prevented
the destruction of all life upon the earth, will think so
for a moment, especially when a course much simpler, and
equally efficacious, is suggested by the very words of the
different narratives. Isaiah indeed says, "So the SUN
returned ten degrees" (xxxviii. 8). But his record of what
seemed to occur must be interpreted by what God had
promised to do: "Behold, I will bring again the shadow of
the degrees, which is gone down in the sundial of Ahaz, ten
degrees backward." And in the narrative in the Book of
Kings it is the _shadow_ and not the sun that is spoken of
throughout. To reverse the shadow in the dial it needed
nothing more than a _miraculous refraction of the light;_
and we believe that this is what occurred, not because it
was an easier thing for God to do, but because it is in
harmony with all that He does to believe that when two
courses were open to Him, one exceedingly simple and one
exceedingly complex, He would choose the simple course. God
never wastes power. The extraordinary results produced by
the refraction of light are familiar to all who have given
any attention to natural philosophy. The atmosphere
refracts the sun's rays so as to bring him in sight, on
every clear day, before he rises on the horizon, and to
keep him in view for some minutes after he is really below
it. Contradictory as it may sound, on almost any summer
evening you may see the sun at least five minutes after he
is set. It is entirely owing to refraction that we have any
morning or evening twilight. That the rays of the sun can
be so refracted as to cause him to be seen where he
actually is not is thus a matter of daily experience. And
there are some extraordinary cases on record. Kepler, the
great astronomer, mentions that some "Hollanders, who
wintered in Nova Zembla in the year 1596, were surprised to
find that, after a continual night of three months, the sun
began to rise almost _seventeen days_ sooner than he should
have done." This can only be accounted for by a miracle, or
by an extraordinary refraction of the sun's rays passing
through the cold dense air in that climate. In 1703 again,
the prior of the monastery at Metz, in Lothringen, and many
others, observed that the shadow of a sundial went back an
hour and a half. It is thus abundantly plain that the
result related could have been secured by a refraction of
the light, a common occurrence in Nature. The miracle
consisted _in its happening at that particular moment;_
just as in the case of the fish that Peter caught which
contained money. Many fish containing money have been
caught; but there was the miracle--that this fish was
caught at the very time which Christ had indicated. In like
manner the miraculous element in the regression of the
shadow on the sun-dial of Ahaz was its occurring just at
the very time at which it was needed to verify the
prophet's word and strengthen the monarch's faith.

PREPARATION FOR DEATH.

xxxviii. 1. _Set thine house in order; for thou shalt die,
and not live._

This announcement was made to Hezekiah when suffering under dangerous illness. In answer to his prayer the sentence was mitigated. Fifteen years were added to his life. It is not wrong to pray for the prolongation of life when important interests are concerned, and when we pray with due submission to Him whose prerogative it is to fix its duration.

The text furnishes a theme for useful meditation. It contains--

I. A SOLEMN ANNOUNCEMENT.