Chapter XXXIII: Appendix: D

THE “FOURTEEN POINTS”

IN view of the fact that the Armistice negotiations started from the acceptance of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points by the Germans, and that the Peace Conference pivoted round those points as modified by the Allies at the Versailles Council of October, 1918, it is of interest to attach a full and complete version of the original Fourteen Points, as set forth by President Wilson in his great speech of January 8th, 1918:

I. OPEN COVENANTS of peace openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

II. ABSOLUTE FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION upon the seas outside the territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

III. THE REMOVAL, SO FAR AS POSSIBLE, of all economic barriers, and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that NATIONAL ARMAMENTS WILL BE REDUCED TO THE LOWEST POINT consistent with domestic safety.

V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely IMPARTIAL ADJUSTMENT OF ALL COLONIAL CLAIMS, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the Government whose title is to be determined.

VI. =The evacuation of all Russian territory, and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest co-operation of the other nations= of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy, and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and more than a welcome assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded to Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good-will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.

VII. =Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored= without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act, the whole structure and validity of international law is for ever impaired.

VIII. ALL FRENCH TERRITORY SHOULD BE FREED, and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of ALSACE-LORRAINE, which has unsettled the peace of the world for fifty years, SHOULD BE RIGHTED in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interests of all.

IX. A READJUSTMENT OF THE FRONTIERS OF ITALY should be effected along clearly recognisable lines of nationality.

X. THE PEOPLES OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the first opportunity of AUTONOMOUS DEVELOPMENT.

XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated, occupied territories restored, Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea, and the relations of the several Balkan States to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality, and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan States should be entered into.

XII. THE TURKISH PORTIONS of the present Ottoman Empire should be ASSURED A SECURE SOVEREIGNTY, but the OTHER NATIONALITIES which are under Turkish rule should be ASSURED AN UNDOUBTED SECURITY OF LIFE, and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the DARDANELLES should be PERMANENTLY OPENED as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

XIII. =An Independent Polish State should be erected=, which should include the territories inhabited by INDISPUTABLY POLISH POPULATIONS, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

XIV. A GENERAL ASSOCIATION OF NATIONS must be formed under specific covenant for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small States alike.

NOTE.—Point II was practically cut out of the terms by the Versailles Council. Note the comprehensiveness of Point XIII, which explains the largeness of the Polish claims. Point XIV is the germ of the League of Nations idea, and is carried out in the famous clause 10 of the Covenant since rejected by the Senate of the United States.

Note that there is no mention of indemnities; but the Council of Versailles opened the door by insisting on compensation to civilian populations. The £5,000,000,000 claimed in the Treaty represents an instalment of that claim which is estimated as likely to amount to £8,000,000,000.

INDEX

Acland, Sir Arthur, 81, 168
Addison, Dr., speech on Munitions, 218;
Introduces Housing Bill, 314
Agadir Speech at Mansion House, 159
Agricultural Rates Bill (1896), 108
Aisne, the, 280
Albert, 274
American Army reinforcements, 1918, 276
Amiens, 151;
German attempt to capture, 277, 281
Arabi Pasha, 48
Armentières, 278
Armistice, conditions of, 283;
declared, 284
Arnold, Matthew, 50, 147
Asquith, Mr., and Welsh Disestablishment, 105;
successor to Campbell-Bannerman, 112;
and South African War, 115;
in opposition (1902), 129, 134;
and Tariff Reform, 136;
Premier, 149;
evidence on Bulgaria, 191;
munition speech, Newcastle, 213;
reconstruction of Government (1915), 214;
interview of December 1916, 236;
negotiations with Mr. Lloyd George, 237;
downfall of Government, 242;
refuses Woolsack, 242;
and Maurice incident, 267
Athens, 184
Aubers Ridge, attack on, 214
Austria, strength in 1915, 198;
Italy declares war on, 200;
surrenders, 283

Bailleul 278 Balfour, Mr., weakening of his Government, 130, 133; Budget (1910), 164; and conference of 1910, 165; attends Peace Conference, 287, 299 Balkans, the, proposal to combine, 179, 181; German intrigue in, 184; suggestion to send Mr. Lloyd George, 196; attempt to bring together, 192 Bangor, part of constituency, 78; speech during South African War, 117, 123 Bar le Duc, 151 Barnes, Mr. G., attends Peace Conference, 287; remains in Government, 308 Berlin, 154; visit to Central Insurance Office, 158 Bethmann-Hollweg, Herr, entertained by, 154, 155 Birmingham, speech on South African War, 117, 322 Bissolati, Signor, _Morning Post_ interview, 353 Blunt, Mr. Wilfrid, 48 Board of Education, 134 Board of Trade, Mr. Lloyd George appointed President, 138; work at, 139 Bolshevists, _coup d’état_ (1917), 272; peace with Germany, 272; proposed Conference, 295 Bonar Law, Mr., unable to form Government, 242; attends Peace Conference, 287; acts as leader of Government, 313 Booth, Mr. Charles, 167 Borden, Sir R., and Peace Conference, 287 Botha, General, 118, 119, 180; conquers South-West Africa, 200; and Peace Conference, 287 Brace, Mr. W., leaves Coalition, 316 Brecon, 133 Breese, Jones and Casson, Messrs., solicitors, 41, 43, 54, 95 Brest-Litovsk, 200; peace negotiations, 272 Briand, M., 347 British Columbia, visit to, 114 Brockdorff-Rantzau, Herr, Treaty presented, 302 “Brutus,” pen-name (1880), 46 Budget (1890), compensation for licences, 88; Conference of Party Leaders, 165; (1909), 162; thrown out by Lords, 164, 337 Budget League, 163 Bukovina, invasion by Russians, 176; Russians driven from, 197 Bulgaria, divided in counsel, 179; Greek conditions of joining war, 186; refuges promise of neutrality, 189; pledged to Central Powers, 190; offers to lend troops, 191; President Wilson leans towards, 300 Bullitt, Mr. W. C., evidence before American Senate, 296; Mission to Russia, 296 Burial Act (1880), case at Llanfrothen, 66 Burke, Edmund, 124; Mr. Lloyd George’s opinion of, 342 Butler, Sir Wm., 115 Buxton, the Brothers, journey to Sofia, 184; proposals from Sofia, 187 Byron, Mr. Lloyd George’s admiration of, 339

Cadbury, Mr. George, 121 Cadorna, General, Conference July (1917), 262 Caine, Mr. W. S., 53 Camber-Williams, Canon, 25 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir H., Premier, 112; self-government for South Africa, 118; in opposition, 129; Premier (1905), 138; resignation, 149 Cannes, 328 Carnarvon Boroughs, first aspirations to Parliament, 75; adopted candidate, 78; first election, 84 _Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald_, 50, 72, 80, 84 Carpathians, German advance in, 197 Castberg, Mr., Norwegian Prime Minister, 345 Castlereagh, Lord, 300 Casson, Mr., solicitor, 42, 95 Catechism, revolt against, 271 Cecil, Lord Robert, League of Nations Committee, 298 Central Powers, division amongst, 223 Châlons-sur-Marne, 151 Chamberlain, Mr. Joseph, Radical programme of, 53; defence of, 56; liquor compensation, 90; Kynoch debate, 125; Tariff Reform, 136; admiration of, 232; party machine and, 336 Champagne, attack in, 252 Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Lloyd George appointed, 149 Churchill, Lord Randolph, 53, 90 Churchill, Mr. Winston, 163; Minister of Munitions, 226 City Temple, speech at, 202 Cividale, 253 Clemenceau, M., 270, 275; discussion of Armistice terms, 282; and Peace Conference, 288; leanings to Turkey, 300; after-war problems, 304; in _L’Homme Enchaîné_, 350 Clergy Discipline Bill, opposition to, 102 Clynes, Mr. J. R., leaves Coalition, 308 Coalition Government formed, 308 Coleridge, Chief Justice, Llanfrothen case, 68 Compiègne, 151 Conferences, Allied (1915), 186; Rome (1917), 248; Allied Generals (1916), 251; Rapallo (1917), 254 Congress of Vienna, 300 Conscription, conversion to, 200 Constantine, King, frustration of Entente, 184; unfriendly to British, 190; attempt to build up absolute monarchy, 193; exiled, 194 Cook, Sir Edward, 121 County Councils, creation of, 80 Courland, invaded by Russians, 196 Creelman, Mr. J., 354 Criccieth, 11, 41, 73, 95, 98, 123 Cromer, Lord, 48

_Daily News_, 85; transfer of, 121; attacks on Government, 309 Daniel, D. R., 76 Danube, proposed diversion along line of, 179 Dardanelles Report of Commission, 178; campaign opens, 190; in progress, 195; composition of committee, 196; failure of naval attack, 202; meetings of committee, 203 Davitt, Michael, 52-53 Derby Scheme, 202 Denikin, General, 297 De Wet, General, 116, 119 Dillon, John, 110 Disciples of Christ, religious sect 17, 340 Disestablishment, Welsh, resolution at meeting of National Council (1889), speech at Met. Tabernacle, 93; production of Bill (1893), 82; speech at Cardiff (1907), 146, 104; Defaulting Authorities Act (1904), 133 Downing Street, speech on Armistice Day, 285 Du Cane, Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. P., Munitions Conference (1915), 219 Dunajec, 199 Durazzo, 180

Eastern Prussia, Russian invasion of, 176 Eastern Galicia, Russian invasion of, 176 Ebert, Herr, appointed German Chancellor, 284 Education Bill (1902), opposition to, 129 Edwards, Sir Frank, 98, 132 Elections, parliamentary, (1885), 56; financial arrangements for, 94; (1900), 127; (1910), 164; (2nd 1910), 166; (1918), 286, 306, 309; figures, 328 Ellis, “Tom,” 60, 77, 98 Estimates, criticism of (1890), 92 European War, menace of, 170; declared, 171 Evans, David, schoolmaster of Llanystumdwy, 23, 38 Evans, Sir Samuel, 65, 97 Explosives Committee, formation of, 208 Extension of Rents Act, passed, 316

Fairbairn, Principal, 341 Falkenhayn, General, 269 Finland, surrendered to Germany, 292 Fitzmaurice, M., in _Figaro_, 351 Fiume, question at Peace Conference, 292 Flavelle, Sir Richard, 356 Foch, Marshal, Conference (July, 1917), 262; appointed Generalissimo, 268; exercises powers of disposition, 275; conditions of Armistice, 282 Fontainebleau, 302 Fourteen Points, President Wilson declares them, 282 Franchise, extension of, 307 French, Viscount, and shell crisis (1915), 213

Galicia, German preparations, 193; fighting in, 196 Gallipoli, 179; evacuation of, 205 Geddes, Sir Eric, appointed Director of Transport, France, 233; defends Transport Bill, 323 Gee, Thomas, and Anti-Tithe Campaign, 62, 83 George, Right Hon. D. Lloyd, for principal dates in life _see_ Appendix I. 359 George, Gwilym Lloyd (son), 302 George, Mair Lloyd (daughter), 98; death of, 149 George, Mary (sister), 13, 18 George, Megan Lloyd (daughter), 302 George, Olwen Lloyd (daughter), 98 George, Richard Lloyd (son), 94, 100, 122 George, William (father), 13, 16 George, Mrs. William (mother), 13, 16, 18, 21, 36 George, William (brother), 18, 29, 55, 56, 94 German Navy League, 156 Germany, tour in, 150; relations with England (1908-14), 160; strength (in 1915), 197; advance (in March, 1918), 274; mutiny of Fleet, 284 Gladstone, Mr., Government of 1880, 51; in debate (1884), 53; letter at by-election (1890), 84; at Hawarden, 90; and Clergy Discipline Bill, 102; resignation of (1894), 104 Glasgow, speech at, during South African War, 117 Glyndwr, Owen, 69 Goffey, Thomas, 37 Gorizia, 246, 253 Gray’s Inn, first London home, 95 Greece, as neutral, 179; Entente frustrated by King, 184; agrees to join in war, 186; refuses, 197; offers troops and fleet for Dardanelles, 189; offers again to enter war, 192 Grey, Lord, and South African War, 115; evidence on Dardanelles, 200

Haig, F.-M. Lord, agreement with Foch, 275 Hamburg, visit to, 156 Handel, 339 Hankey, Sir M., at Peace Conference, 289 Harcourt, Sir Wm., approval of maiden speech, 91; leader of House of Commons, 105 Health Ministry Bill, introduced and passed 315 Henry, Sir Charles, 150 Henry of Prussia, Prince, criticism of estimates providing for and expenditure on, 92 Hertling, Count, resignation of, 273 Hervier, Paul Louis, in _Je Sais Tout_, 352 “Highgate,” 18, 36, 40 Hobhouse Miss E. and South African Concentration Camps, 120 Home Rule (1885-6), 52, 84, 103; speech to exclude Ulster (1910), 351; for Wales, 82, 101, 106 House, Colonel, 287; and Bullitt Mission, 296 House of Commons, suspension from, 111; scene over Defaulting Authorities Bill, 133 Housing Bill introduced and passed, 314 Hughes, Mr., at Peace Conference, 288

Indemnities, telegram from M.P.’s, 300 India, extension of self-government, 316 _Indian Patriot_, article in, 357 Industrial Courts Act passed, 316 Insurance, National, investigation of German system, 150; preparation of Bill, 167; passing of Bill, 168; inspiration of, 332 Ireland, conscription extended to, 279; outline of new proposals, 316 Isonzo, 246, 253 Italian Press, opinions of, 352 Italy, declares war on Austria, 200; situation (in 1917), 245; German advance (1917), 252; British reinforcements for, 255 Ivangorod, 200

Johnson, Dr., 50 Jones, “Bobby,” 20 Jones, J. R., of Ramoth, 17 Jones, Miss, niece of Richard Lloyd, 21 Jones, Michael of Bala, 59 Jones, Rev. Richard, Llanfrothen, 68 _Journal de Genève_, 358

Kaiser, the, part played in politics by (1908), 156; abdication of, 284 Kavalla, fear of Bulgarians seizing, 189 Kemmel, 278 Kerensky, M., destroyed by Lenin, 272 Kieff, 272 King Edward VII, 149; visit to Czar, 154; death of, 164 King George V, Conference of Party Leaders (1910), 164; formation of Government of Mr. Lloyd George, 242; friendship of, 343 Kitchener, Lord, view of length of war, 172, 178; troops for Greece, 185; at the War Office, 210; Munition Committee, 213; shell crisis (1915), 214; death, 232, 262, 265 Koltchak, Admiral, 297 Kovno, 200 Kropotkin, Prince, 346 Kruger, President, 114

Labour Conference, Central Hall, 309 Labour Party, joins Government, 243; leaves Coalition, 307; in opposition, 309 Land Acquisition Act passed, 316 Land, appointment of Committee of Inquiry, 168; preparation of Bills (1914), 170 Lansdowne, Lord, 163 Lansing, Mr., and Committee of League of Nations, 298 Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 356 League of Nations, conception of scheme, 298 Lemnos, 295 Lenin, destroys Kerensky Government, 272, 279 Lens, 252 _Le Journal_, 351 _L’Œuvre_, 349 _Le Temps_, 349 Lewis, Mr. Herbert, 98, 110, 111 Leygues, Georges, in _Evènement_, 347 Licensing Act (1905), 136 Lithuania, surrendered to Germany, 272 Llanystumdwy, 11, 20, 23, 39, 42, 169 Llanfrothen, 66 Lloyd, Richard (uncle), 24, 31, 35, 39, 45, 72, 93, 101 Lloyd, David (grandfather), 20 Local Veto, resolution at meeting of National Liberal Federation, 81 London, first visit, 49; commencement of practice, 97 Loucheur, M., 287 Lowther, Right Hon. J. W., 133 Ludendorff, General, attack on Italy, 252, 270; waning of hopes of, 278; suggestion for armistice by, 281

Macedonia, Allies to occupy, 192 Maddocks, A., 41 Manchester, birthplace, 14; meeting of National Liberal Federation, 81; speech (1918), 281 _Manchester Guardian_, Mr. Lloyd George writes for, 98 Manisty, Mr. Justice, and Llanfrothen, 68 Marconi Controversy, 169 Markham, Sir Arthur, 166 Marlborough, the Duke of, 163 Marne, the, 280 Martineau, Henry, 14 Maurice, Major-General Sir F., Letter to Press and retirement, 267 Max of Baden, Prince, overtures to President Wilson, 282; resignation of, 284 Merchant Shipping Act (1906), 142 Meredith, George, admiration of, 339 Merionethshire, 133 Messines, 278 Metropolitan Tabernacle, speech on Welsh Disestablishment at, 26 Mezières, 274 Milan, 247, 253 Military control, effect of divided, 249; need for unification, 250; unity of command decided on, 254; speech at Paris on (1917), 258 Military Service Acts (1916), effect of, 231; (1917) introduced, 272; raising of age, 278 Millet, Philippe, 349 Milner, Lord, 114; attends Peace Conference, 287 Miners’ crisis, Sankey Commission appointed, 311 Minsk, 272 Mons, 175, 284 Montagu, Mr. E., Munition Statement (1916), 221, 224, 229; joins Government (1916), 243; attends Peace Conference, 287 Morley, Lord, 112, 149, 197 _Morning Post_, attacks on Government, 309; interview with Signor Bissolati, 353 Morvin House, Criccieth, 45, 55 Moulton, Lord, and Committee on Munitions, 230 Munitions, need for, 206; committee appointed, 213; Mr. Lloyd George becomes Minister of, 216; formation of Department, 218; trades unions and “leaving certificates,” 225; organisation of volunteer workers, 228 Mynydd Ednyfed, home of Mrs. Lloyd George, 69, 72

Nancy, 151 Nanney, Sir Ellis Hugh, opponent at election (1890), 83, 87, 105 Nantlle, Lake, prosecution of quarrymen for fishing, 64 Nansen, Dr., proposed Russian expedition, 297 Neuve Chapelle, 199 Nevin, speech on South African War, 123 Newcastle Programme (1891), 103 Newman, Cardinal, 50 Nivelle, General, 245; Champagne attack, 252; replaced by Pétain, 252 Norman, Sir Henry, 163 Northcliffe, Lord, and communications on, the Eastern Front, 240 _North Wales Observer_, article on Mr. Chamberlain, 51 Novo-Georgievsk, 200

Old Age Pensions, passing of Act, 150, 161; increase in, 316 Orlando, Signor, and question of Fiume, 294 Owen, D. Lloyd, 42 Owen, Rev. John, 72 Owen, Miss Maggie (Mrs. Lloyd George), 59; marriage of, 71 Owen, Mrs., of Dolgelly (Llanfrothen), 66 Owens, Rev. Owen, 25 Oxford, impressions of, 326

Palace Mansions, Kensington, second London home, 95 Paris, speech on unity of control at, 258; German attack towards, (1918), 280; social life during Peace Conference in, 300 Parry, John, and Anti-tithe Campaign, 62, 83 Passchendaele, 252 Patents Act, 144 Peace Conference, preliminaries, 286; first meeting, 288; correspondents at, 289; proposed Bolshevist Conference, 295 Peace Treaty, presented and ratified, 303 Pedigree of Mr. Lloyd George, 13 Pencaenewydd, place of marriage, 72 Penrhyn, 55 Pétain, General, 245 Phillimore Report, basis of League of Nations, 298 Philippi, Philippo, 246 Pichon, M., 287 Platt, Colonel, opponent at election (1900), 95 Poisoned arrow incident, 324 Portmadoc, 11, 41, 46, 55, 94, 96, 122; Debating Society, 47 Poland, surrendered to Germany, 273; question of Peace Conference, 292, 303 Port of London Act, 145 Prime Minister, Mr. Lloyd George sent for by the King, 242 Prinkipo, 295 Puleston, Sir John, opponent at second election, 105 Pwllheli, 14, 123

Queen Victoria, 80

Railway strikes, threat of (1907), 146; (1919), 311 Rapallo Conference, 254 Reinforcements, situation, March (1918), 276 Religious tendencies, 340 Rendel, Lord, 337 Repington, Lieut.-Colonel C. A’C., _Times_ shell despatch, 214 Rheims, 151 Ritchie, Lord, and creation of County Councils, 80 Roberts, A. Rhys, professional partner in London, 97, 122 Roberts, Mr. G. H., remains in Government, 308 Robertson, Sir Wm., Allied Conference (1917), 262; opposition to Versailles Council, 264; refuses position on Versailles Council, 267 Rome, Allied Conference (1917), 248 Roosevelt, President, 336, 355 Rosebery Government, fall of, 105; resignation, 112 “Rose Cottage,” boyhood home, 18 Rothschild Pensions Committee, 138 Routh Road, Wandsworth, London home, 119 Rue Nitot, residence in Paris during Peace Conference, 301 Rumania, 179, 184; Greek conditions of joining war, 186; less friendly, 188; success of Germans, 196; declares war, 235 Russia, situation, opening of (1915), 178; fearful of Greece, 191; diverts Germans from Serbia, 192; collapse, 272; proposed Bolshevist Conference, 295

Saar Valley, 292, 303 St. Asaph, Bishop of, 132 St. Quentin, 268, 275 Salisbury, Lord, 248 Salonika, 179, 180, 295 Samsonoff, General 175 Samuel, Mr. Herbert, refuses office, 243 Sanitorium benefit, creation, 333 Sankey Commission, inquiry into condition of miners, 311 Sarn Melltcyrn, debate with curate (1887), 62 _Sartor Resartus_, 46 Schools Act (1904-6), 136 Scotland Yard, 319 Scott, Sir Walter, 50 Serbia, question of saving, 187; Bosnia and Herzegovina to be given to, 192; plan to assist, 202 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 41 Shortt, Mr., Transport Bill, 313 Sidebotham, Herbert, 120 Siedlce, 200 Silesia, Plébiscite, 293, 303 Smuts General, 119; Memo. on League of Nations, 298 Sofia, 187 Soissons, 151 Somerset House, investigation of system of working, 329 Sorel, M., 312 South African War, outbreak, 114; opposition to, 116, 117 Strassburg, 151 Stavridi, Sir John, suggests Mr. Lloyd George should go to the Balkans, 190 Stuttgart, 153; conversation at, 327 Suffragettes, in favour of leniency, 325 Sullivan, Donald, 110 Swetenham, Mr. Q.C., M.P., Carnarvon Boroughs (1886), 77; death, 82

Tagliamento, 253 Tannenberg, 175 Tariff Reform, fight against (1903-6), 137 Tariff Reform League, 164 Tardieu, M., 287 Temple, The, London home, 95 Tennant, Mr. H. J., and shell crisis (1915), 214 Téry, Gustave, in _La Victoire_, 350 Thomas, M. Albert, friendship with, 187; rearming of France, 211; Munitions Conference, 220, 347 Thomas, Mr. D. A. (Lord Rhondda), 107 Thomas, Mr. J. H., and railway strike, 313 Thomasson, Mr. F., Transfer of _Daily News_, 121 Ticino, 246 _Times, The_, attack on Asquith Government (1916), 240 Tithes Bill (1899), 112 Transport Bill, introduced and passed, 313 Treasury, habits of work at, 329 Trevelyan, Sir George, 53 Trotsky, M., attempts to declare peace, 272 _Trumpet of Freedom_ (1888), 76 Tube strike, 309 Turkey, strength (in 1915), 198; surrenders, 283; forfeited right to rule over Christians, 300 Turnin, 247, 253

Udine, 253 Ukraine, surrendered to Germans, 273 Ulster, crisis (1914), 170; speech to exclude (1910), 337

Valenciennes, 284 Venice, 253 Venizelos, M., Greece agrees to join Allies, 186; refuses, 188; Bulgaria pledged to Central Powers, 190; resignation of, 193; resumes office, 194; mainstay of alliance in Near East, 300, 346 Verdun, 302 Versailles Council, set up, 255; functions, and opposition to, 258; defence in House of Commons, 262; meetings of, 280 Vienna, 248 Villa Murat, Parisian residence of President Wilson, 301 Villers Bretonneux, 278 Vitry, 151 Voluntary Schools Bill (1897), 109-111 Voluntary system of recruiting, doubts as to, 199 Von Below, General, attack on Italy, 252 Von Tirpitz, Admiral, 269 Vosges, The, 151

War, Secretary of State for, Mr. Lloyd George appointed (1916), 233 War Cabinet, formation (1916), 244 War Committee, suggested daily sittings, 178 Warsaw, 176, 200 Watkins, Sir Edward, 100 White, Mr. Henry, 287 Williams, Llewellyn, 98 Williams, William, boyhood friend, 24, 29 Wilson, President, 158; organises reinforcements (1918), 276; overtures from Prince Max, 282; arrives at Paris, 286; at Peace Conference, 290; League of Nations scheme, 298, 299; return from America of, 303; contrast, 355

Ypres, 199, 252

Zeppelin, Count, 153

TRANSCRIBER NOTES

Misspelled words and printer errors have been corrected. Where multiple spellings occur, majority use has been employed.

Punctuation has been maintained except where obvious printer errors occur.

Some illustrations were moved to facilitate page layout.