Chapter XXXI: Book XXXI: Argument (3)

9. Thus have I, a Greek by birth, and formerly a soldier, related all the events from the accession of Nerva to the death of Valens, to the best of my abilities; professing above all things to tell the truth, which, as I believe, I have never knowingly perverted, either by silence or by falsehood. Let better men in the flower of their age, and of eminent accomplishments, relate the subsequent events. But if it should please them to undertake the task, I warn them to sharpen their tongues to a loftier style.

[189] The text is unusually mutilated here. It has been proposed to insert: "A little goat with its throat cut was found dead in the street."

[190] Virg. Georg., II. 106.

[191] Ammianus here alludes to the canal out through Mount Athos.

[192] See Gibbon, vol. ii., p. 215 (Bohn's edition).

[193] See Gibbon, vol. iii., p. 229 (Bohn).

[194] Barritus is the word used for the trumpeting of an elephant.

[195] See Gibbon, vol. iii., p. 181 (Bohn).

INDEX.

A.

Abanni, a people of Africa, 533

Abarne, a town in Mesopotamia, noted for its hot springs, 182

Abdera, the birthplace of Protagoras and Democritus, 286

Abdigidus, a tribune, 173

Abienus, a senator, 477, 478

Abii, a people of Persia, 339

Abladius, prefect of the prætorium, 236

Abora, or Chaboras, a river in Mesopotamia, 111

Abydos, 287

Abydum, a town in Thebais, 208

Achæi, a Caspian tribe, 290

Achaiacala, a fort on an island in the Euphrates, 350

Acheron, the river, 289

Acherusian, the cave, 289

Acilius Glabrio, the first Roman to whom a statue was erected, 16

Acimincum, a town in Hungary, 205

Acone, a port on the Euxine Sea, 289

Acontiæ, a species of serpent in Egypt, 311

Acontisma, a narrow defile between Thrace and Macedonia, 443

Acrapatena, a province of Media, 335

Adaces, a Persian Satrap, killed, 374

Addense, 531

Adelphius, prefect of Rome, 92

Adiabas, a river in Assyria, 334

Adiabene, a province of Assyria, 176, 320, 333

Adonis, 186

Adrastea, the goddess of retribution, called also Nemesis, 42, 281

Adrastus, king of the Argives, 41

Ædesius, keeper of the records, 56, 58

Ægean Sea, 286

Ælian, Count, 182, 183;
crucified by the Persians, 200

Ænus, a city of Thrace, 286, 444

Africanus, Governor of the second Pannonia, 50, 95

Agabana, a fortress in Persia, 463

Agathocles, king of Sicily, 44

Agathyrsi, a tribe near the Palus Mæotis, 291

Agazaca, a city of the Paropanisatæ, 342

Agenarichus, king of the Allemanni, 113

Agilimundus, a chieftain of the Quadi, 151

Agilo, an equerry, 34, 266;
promoted to the prefecture by Julian, 279;
recalled to military service by Procopius, 422;
intercedes for his father-in-law Araxius, 432

Aginatius put to death by Maximin, 474

Aiadalthes, a tribune, 181

Alani, a Scythian tribe, 291, 328, 580, 581, 599, 611

Alatheus, 583, 587, 611

Alavivus, a general of the Goths, 585, 587

Albani, allies of the Persians, 176, 187, 332

Albinus of Etruria, 56

Alexander the Great, 41, 46, 89

Alexander of Heliopolis, 319

Alexandria, a village near Rome, 131

---- in Egypt, 300;
described, 313;
its temples and library, 314;
its schools, 315

---- a city in Arachosia, 343

---- in Ariana, 342

---- in Carmania, 339

---- an island in Persia, 338

---- a town in Sogdiana, 340

Alfenus, a distinguished lawyer, 556

Alicodra, a city in Bactria, 340

Aligildus, a count, 271, 277

Aliso, a tribune, 427

Alitrophagi, a Scythian tribe, 341

Allemanni, or Germans--these names are used promiscuously by
Ammianus--defeated at the battle of Strasburg, 118, 247;
lay waste Gaul and Rhætia, 413, 414;
defeated by Jovinus, 438, 567;
make incursions into the Roman territory, 602;
are defeated, 604

Allobroges, a nation of Gaul, 81

Alpheus, a river rising in Arcadia, 53

Alps, the Cottian, 75;
the Julian, 259;
the Grecian, 76;
the Penine, 76;
Hannibal's passage of the, 77

Alypius of Antioch, 317, 514

---- a Roman noble, 471

Amantius, a soothsayer, 472

Amanus, a mountain range in Cilicia, 27

Amardus, a river in Media, 337

Amastris, a city in Paphlagonia, 289

Amazons, one of the Caspian tribes, 291;
defeated by the Athenians, 289

Amida, a city of Mesopotamia, 174;
besieged by Sapor, 185;
betrayed by a deserter, 192;
courage of the garrison, 195;
a sortie of the Gallic troops, from, 195, 236

Amiens (Ambians), a city in Belgium, 79, 453

Aminias, a Persian general, 369

Amisus, a city in Pontus, 289

Ammianus, his noble birth, 199;
placed under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis, by the Emperor
Constantius, 30;
returns to Italy, 37;
his industry, 45;
sent into Gaul, 60;
sent back to the East, 103;
visits Thebes, 130;
recalled, 171;
escapes from Nisibis, 173;
sent to Jovinianus, satrap of Corduena, 175;
narrow escape of, 181;
arrives at Antioch, 200;
accompanies Julian in his expedition against the Persians, 326;
returns with Jovian, 402;
his advice to future historians, 623

Ampelius, prefect of Otricoli, 472

Amphiaraus, an ancient seer, 4

Amphilochius, a Paphlagonian, 252

Amphisbæna, a serpent, 311

Amphitheatre at Rome, 102, 411

Amphitus, a Spartan, the charioteer of Castor and Pollux, 290

Amudis, a fort in Mesopotamia, 173

Amycus, king of the Bebrycii, 288

Anaphe, an island in the Ægean Sea, 139

Anatha, a fortress in Mesopotamia, 347

Anatolius, prefect of Illyricum, 204;
master of the offices, 234;
his death, 253;
an officer of the palace, 504

Anaxagoras the philosopher, 287;
predicted the fall of stones and earthquakes, 315

Anaximander, a Milesian philosopher, 139

Anazarbus, a city of Cilicia, 27

Anchialos, a city of Thrace, 293, 444

Ancorarius, a mountain of Mauritania, 531

Ancyra, a city of Galatia, 296, 403, 426

Andernach (Antumacum), 161

Andocides, a Grecian orator, 554

Andriscus of Adramyttium, 44, 421

Andronicus, a poet, 209

Anepsia, wife of Victorinus, 475, 478

Anicenses, a Sarmatian tribe, 154

Anicii, the, a noble family at Rome, 98

Annib, a mountain in Scythia, 341

Anthemusia, a province of Mesopotamia, 10

Anthropophagi, a Scythian tribe, 580

Antibes (Antipolis), a town in Gaul, 79

Antinopolis, a town in Mesopotamia, built by Constantius, 182

Antinous, a city in Egypt, 312

Antioch in Syria, 28;
visited by the Emperor Julian, 297;
by Jovian, 401

Antiochia, in Persia, 339

Antiphon, a Greek orator, 554

Antoninus, a wealthy merchant, afterwards one of the protectors, 168;
his treachery, 169

Antonius, a tribune, 415

Anzaba, a river in Mesopotamia, 175

Apamia, a city in Assyria, 334, 338

---- a city in Thrace, 287

Apamia, a city in Syria, 28

Apis, the sacred Egyptian bull, 306

Apodemius, the secretary for the provinces, 41, 46;
sentenced to be burnt alive, 280

Apollinarii, father and son, the former governor of Phoenicia, the latter steward of the palace, 26

Apollo, the Cumæan, 334;
of Daphne, 303;
the Palatine, 320;
the Sminthius, 286

Apollonia, a city of Thrace, 293

---- in Assyria, 334

Apollonius of Tyana, 270

Apronianus, prefect of Rome, 317;
suppresses the magicians, 411

Aprunculus Gallus, an orator and soothsayer, afterwards governor of Narbonne, 277

Aquileia, the capital of Venetia, 261;
besieged by Julian, 261;
surrenders, 264

Aquitani, a nation of Gaul, 78

Arabia reduced to a Roman province by the Emperor Trajan, 29;
Arabia Felix, 338

Arabis, a river in the country of the Drangiani, 342

Aracha, a town in Susiana, 335, 337

Arachosia, a Persian province, 342

Arachotoscrene, a marsh in Arachosia, 343

Aradius, count of the east, 317

Araharius, a Sarmatian chief, 149

Arar, a river in Gaul (the Saône), 80

Arator, duke, 481

Aratus the poet, 299, 386

Araxates, a river in Sogdiana, 340

Araxius, prefect of the prætorium, 422

Arbaca, a city in Arachosia, 343

Arbela, a city in Adiabene, 334

Arbetio, 36, 47, 92;
made consul, 71, 213

Arboreus, high chamberlain, 49

Arbor Felix, fortress of, 605

Arcadius, a river of the Euxine, 289

Archelaus, a general of King Mithridates, 116

Archimedes the mathematician, 407

Ardea, a town in Persia, 338

Areans, a sect, 485

Areopagus, 518

Arethusa, a town in Thrace, the burial-place of Euripides, 443

Argæus, a mountain in Cappadocia, 233

Argonauts, the, 27

Ariana, a province of Persia, 342

Arias, a river in Arcana, 342

Ariaspe, a town in the province of Drangiana, 342

Arimaspi, a fierce one-eyed nation bordering on Persia, 332

Arimphæi, a nation bordering on the Euxine, 292

Arinchi, a savage tribe near the Euxine, 291

Arintheus, a tribune, 54;
commands the left wing of the army under Julian, 347;
ambassador to the Persians, 393, 446

Aristænetus, prefect of Bithynia, lost his life in an earthquake, 138

Aristarchus the grammarian, 314

Aristides, 558

Aristobulus consul with Diocletian, 317

Arles (Arelate), a town on the Rhone, 79

Armenia conquered by Galerius, 134;
its restoration to the Persians demanded by Sapor, 135;
abandoned by Jovian in the treaty of Dura, 394, 549

Armonius, a mountain in Asia Minor, 289

Arsaces, the first king of the Parthians, 330

---- king of Armenia,
an ally of Constantius, 235;
of Julian, 318;
taken prisoner by the Persians, 394;
put to death, 463

Arsacia, a city of Media, 337

Arsiana, a city of Susiana, 335

Arsinoë, a city of Cyrene, anciently called Tauchira, and now Tochira, 312

Artabannes, a Persian satrap, 463

Artabius, a river in Gedrosia, a district of Persia, 343

Artacana, a city of Parthia, 338

Artemis, a river in Bactria, 340

Artemisia, queen of Caria, 487

Artemius, deputy-governor of Rome, 146

---- duke of Egypt, 300

Artogerassa, a city of Armenia, 464

Arzanena, a province of Mesopotamia, 393

Ascalon, a city of Palestine, 29

Ascanimia, a mountain in Scythia, 340

Asclepiades the philosopher, 304

Asclepiodotus, count, 65

Asia Minor, description of, 289

Asmira, a mountain in Serica, 341

Asp, the largest species of serpent in Egypt, 311

Aspabota, a city of Scythia, 341

Aspacaræ, a tribe of the Seres, 341

Aspacuras, a Persian satrap, 466

Asparata, a city of the Betæ, 341

Assanite Saracens, 350

Assyria, the wife of Barbatio, 165

---- a province of Persia, in the time of Ammianus called Adiabene, 333

Astacea, a city of Bactria, 340

Astacus, a city in Bithynia, also called Nicomedia, 287

Atacotti harass the Britons, 413

Athagoræ, a Scythian tribe, 341

Athanaric, a Gothic chief, 447, 583

Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, his character, 67

Athos, a mountain in Macedonia, 286

Athribis, a city of Egypt, 313

Athyras, a port in the Propontis, 287

Ati, a people near the cataracts of the Nile, 308

Atlas, a mountain in Africa, 50

Attuarii, a tribe of Franks, 235

Auch (Ausci), a town in Aquitania, 79

Augury, modes of, 245

Augusta (Londinium), the capital of Roman Britain, 483

Augustamnica, a province of Egypt, 312

Augustus, Emperor, his correction of the calendar, 408

Aulon, a cave near the Euxine, 290

Aurelian, the Emperor, 570

Aureolus, a conspirator against Constantius, 274

Austoriani, a people of Mauritania, 413

Autun (Augustodunum), the chief town of the Ædui, 79

Auxerre (Autosidorum), a city in Gaul, 85

Avenche (Aventicum), the capital of the Helvetii, 79

Avernus, a lake in Campania, 489

Avitianus, deputy-governor of Africa, 451

Axius, a river of Macedonia, 258

Azmorna, a city of Hyrcania, 339

Azov, sea of (Palus Mæotis), 288, 577, 582

B.

Babylon, 334

Bacchus, 290

Bacchylides, the lyric poet, 383

Bactra, a river in Bactria, 340

Bactrians, 339

Bætica, a consular province of Spain, 473

Bagrada, a river in Persia, 337

Bainobaudes, a tribune of the Scutarii, 39, 105;
(2) a tribune of the Cornuti, 106;
killed in the battle of Strasburg, 121

Balista, a military engine for discharging stones, described, 322

Bappo, a tribune, commander of the Promoti, 54

Baraba, a town in Arabia Felix, 338

Barbatio, count of the domestics, 40;
promoted to the command of the infantry, 104, 136;
a swarm of bees on his house regarded as a bad omen, 165;
an arrogant and treacherous man, 166;
beheaded, 166

Barbitani, mountains in Persia lying towards India, 343

Barchalbas, a tribune, 430

Bards, the poets of Gaul, 74

Barzala, a fort in Mesopotamia, 179

Barzimeres, tribune of the Scutarii, 546

Basilica of Sicininus in Rome, probably the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, 441

Basilina, mother of the Emperor Julian, 383

Basilisk, a kind of Egyptian serpent, 311

Bassianus, a Roman of noble family, 515

Bassus, prefect of Rome, 146

Batne, a town near the Euphrates, where an annual fair was held, 10

Battus, a Spartan, the founder of Cyrene, 312

Bautis, a river in Serica, 341

Bazas (Vasatæ), a town in Gaul, 79

Bebase, a town in Mesopotamia, 178

Bebrycia, a district in Bithynia, 288

Belgæ, the most warlike people of Gaul, 78

Belias, a river of Mesopotamia which falls into the Euphrates, 321

Bellovædius, a tribune given as a hostage to the Persians, 394

Beræa, a city of Thrace, 444

Berenice, also called Hesperides, a town in Libya, 312

Berytus, a city of Phoenicia (the modern Beirut), 28

Besa, the name of an Egyptian deity, 208

Besançon, a city of the Sequani, 79, 253

Besbicus, an island in the Propontis, 287

Bessi, a Thracian tribe, 444

Betæ, a people in Serica, 341

Bezabde, a town on the Tigris formerly called Phoenice, 225, 266;
captured by Sapor, 227;
unsuccessfully besieged by Constantius, 237-239

Bineses, a Persian satrap, 394

Bingen (Bingium), a town in Germany, 161

Bisula, a river (the Weichsel), 292

Bitaxa, a town of the Ariani, 342

Bitheridus, a German noble, 525

Bithynia, 288

Bizes, a river of the Euxine, 288

Blemmyæ, a people near the cataracts of the Nile, 11

Boæ, an island on the coast of Dalmatia, 279

Bonitus, a Frank, the father of Silvanus, 63

Bonmunster (Bononia), a town in Pannonia, 257

Bonn (Bonna), a town in Germany, 161

Bordeaux (Burdegala), a city in Aquitania, 79

Borion, a promontory in Egypt, 307

Bosporus, the Thracian (the Straits of Constantinople), 288

---- the Cimmerian (Straits of Yene-Kali), 70

Bostra, a city of Arabia, 29

Boulogne (Bononia), a town in Gaul, 212

Brahmans, 336, 470

Branchidæ, an oracle in the Milesian territory, 511

Briançon (Virgantia), 76

Brigantia (the lake of Constance), 52

Brisoana, a Persian river, 337

Britain, corn exported to Rome, 161;
pearls found in the British sea, 345;
suffers from the incursions of the Picts and Sects, 212, 453;
invaded by the Saxons, 413;
distress of, 453;
Theodosius goes to assist, 483

Bruchion, a quarter in Alexandria, inhabited by opulent persons, 314

Brumat (Brocomagus), a city of Germany, 86

Bucenobantes, a tribe of the Allemanni, 524

Buffaloes in Egypt, 309

Bura, a town destroyed by an earthquake, 140

Burgundians, 495;
their kings called Hendinos, 495;
their chief priest called the Sinistus, 496

Busan, a fort in Mesopotamia, 183

Byzantium (Constantinople), 287

Byzares, a people near the Euxine, 290

C.

Cabillonum (Châlons sur Marne), 98, 436

Cabyle, a town in Thrace, 607

Cadusii, a tribe on the Caspian Sea, 332

Cæni Gallici, a station in Bithynia, 38

Cæla, a town near the Hellespont, 287

Cæranius, a philosopher, 520

Cæsarea, formerly Mazaca, a town in Cappadocia, 233

---- a town in Mauritania, 534

---- a town in Palestine, 29

Cæsariensis, a province of Mauritania, 526

Cæsarius, prefect of Constantinople, 422

---- secretary of the Emperor, 551

Cæsias, treasurer of the commander of the cavalry, 200

Cafaves, a people of Africa, 532

Calatis, a town in European Scythia, 444

Calicadnus, a river in Isauria, 9

Callichorus, a river near the Euxine Sea, 290

Callimachus, an ancient Grecian general, 369

Callipolis, a city at the head of the Hellespont, 287

Callisthenes, a pupil of Aristotle, 166

Callistratus, an ancient orator, 554

Camaritæ, a tribe near the Euxine Sea, 290

Cambyses, king of Persia, 129

---- a river in Media, 337

Camels first seen by the Romans at the siege of Cyzicus, 340

Camenius, a Roman senator, 473

Camp of Hercules (Castra Herculis), a town in Germany, 161

Camp of Mars, a town in Dacia, 608

Camp of the Moors, a town or fortress in Mesopotamia, 173, 393

Canini, a people on the borders of Rhætia, 52

Canopus, a city of Egypt, 314

Cantichus, a gulf in Armenia, 332

Capellatum, a district on the borders of the Burgundians, 164

Capersana, a town in Syria, 179;
called also Capessana, 255

Caphareus, a promontory of Euboea, 286

Carambis, a promontory in Paphlagonia (now Cape Kerempe), 289

Carcinites, a river and bay on the Euxine Sea, 292

Carmania, a province of Persia, 338

Carnuntum, a city of Illyria, 559

Carpi, a people on the Danube, 446, 468

Carræ, a town of Mesopotamia, 177, 237, 320

Cascellius, a Roman lawyer, 556

Caspian, tribes of the, 291

Cassianus, Duke of Mesopotamia, 98, 176, 201, 396

Cassium, a town in Egypt, 312

Cassius, a mountain in Syria, 28;
Julian sacrifices to Jupiter upon it, 305

Castalia, a fountain in Phocis, at the base of Mount Parnassus, 303

Castucius, Count of Isauria, 8

Catadupi, the cataracts of the Nile, or the people who live near them, 307

Catalauni (Châlons sur Marne), 436

Cato, the censor, 16, 81, 88

Catulus, the ædile, 20

Caucalandes, a town in Sarmatia, 588

Cella, a tribune of the Scutarii, 105

Celse, a town in Phoenicia, 23

Cephalonesus, a town on the Borysthenes, 293

Ceras, a cape on the Propontis, 287

Cerasus, a town in Pontus, 289

Cercetæ, a tribe near the Euxine Sea, 291

Cercius, the charioteer of Castor and Pollux, 290

Cerealis, uncle of Gallus, 43;
(2) a master of the horse, 482, 564

Cethegus, a senator, beheaded, 471

Chærecla, a town in Libya, 313

Chalcedon, a town in Bithynia, 287;
inscription found on a stone in the walls of, 577

Chalcenterus, an author, 314

Chaldæa, 335

Chalites, a gulf in Armenia, 332

Chalybes, a tribe near the Caspian Sea, 290

Chamavi, a German tribe, 141

Charax, a town in Parthia, 338

Charcha, a town on the Tigris, 183

Chardi, a Scythian tribe, 341

Charietto, count of Germany, 144, 436

Charinda, a river in Media, 337

Charte and Chartra, towns in Bactria, 340

Chasmatiæ, a kind of earthquake, 139

Chauriana, a town in Scythia, 341

Chiliocomus, a district of Media, 321

Chilo, a Roman deputy, 469

Chionitæ, a tribe bordering on Persia, 99, 134, 176

Chnodomarius, a king of the Allemanni, 107, 112, 120;
taken prisoner and sent to Rome, 121;
his death, 121

Choaspa, a town in Arachosia, 343

Choaspes, a river in Media, 337

Choatres, a river in Parthia, 338

Chronius, a river of the Euxine Sea, 292

Chrysopolis, a city on the Propontis, 287

Cibalæ, a town in Pannonia, 566

Cicero, 5, 49, 61, 81, 84, 210, 245, 274, 284, 310, 406, 433, 443, 457, 462, 476, 491, 531, 555, 570, 617

Cilicia, description of, 27

Ciminian, a district in Italy, 140

Cimon, son of Miltiades, 145

Cineas, the ambassador of Pyrrhus, 100

Circesium, a town of Mesopotamia, described, 324, 325

Cius, a town on the Propontis, 287

Civilis, prefect of Britain, 455

Claritas, a Roman matron, 474

Claros, in Lydia, seat of a temple and oracle of Apollo, 210

Claudiopolis, a city in Isauria, 27

Claudius, prefect of Rome, 439, 542

Cleander, a prefect under the Emperor Commodus, 418

Clematius, a citizen of Alexandria, 2

Cleopatra, 313

Coche, a town in Persia, 363

Colchi, a tribe of Egyptian origin, 290

Colias, a Gothic noble, revolts, 592

Cologne (Colonia Agrippina), 86

Comedus, a mountain in the country of the Sacæ, 340

Comets, their nature, 401

Commagena, a province of Syria, 334

Commodus, the Roman Emperor, 507, 605

Como (Comum), a town in Italy, 48

Constans, son of Constantine, 2, 94

Constantia, daughter of Constantius, 423, 539

Constantianus, a tribune, 322, 482, 522

Constantina, daughter of Constantine the Great, 2, 37, 244, 245

---- a town in Mesopotamia, 178

Constantine the Great, 60, 81, 93, 97, 131, 419

Constantinople, 287;
threatened siege of, by the Goths, 622

Constantius the Emperor, his cruelty, 13;
summons Gallus to Italy, 23;
makes war on the Allemanni, 32;
his speech, 34-36;
retires to Milan, 36;
his jealousy, 37;
his severe treatment of Gallus's friend, 51;
invests Julian with the title of Cæsar, 70;
his weakness, 99;
his triumphal procession to Rome, 100;
his arrogance, 101;
erects an obelisk, 130;
reply to Sapor, 135;
receives the title of Sarmaticus, 156;
marches against the Limigantes, 204;
jealousy of Julian, 216;
besieges Bezabde, 237;
marries Faustina after the death of Eusebia, 253;
crosses the Euphrates, 255;
his speech to his army, 267;
unfavourable dreams and omens, 269;
his death, 271;
virtues and vices, 272;
buried at Constantinople, 276

Contensis, a town in Africa, 534

Coptos, a town in the Thebais, 312;
story of his wife, 291

Corax, a river flowing into the Euxine, 291

Corduena, a province belonging to the Persians, 175, 321, 393

Cornelius Gallus, procurator of Egypt, 129

Cornelius, a senator, 474

Coronus, a mountain in Media, 335

Costoboci, a Scythian tribe, 293

Cottius, a king on the Alps, 75

Craugasius, a noble of Nisibis, 200;
story of his wife, 201

Crescens, deputy-governor of Africa, 501

Cretio, count of Africa, 254

Crispus, son of Constantine the Great, 41

Crissæan Gulf in Western Locris, 140

Criu-Metopon, a promontory of Thrace, 289

Crocodiles in Egypt, 309

Croesus, 64

Ctesiphon, the winter residence of the Parthian kings, 334

Curandius, a tribune of the archers, 530

Curio, a Roman general, 530

Cybele, festival in honour of, 321

Cyclades, 286

Cydnus, a river in Cilicia, 27

Cylaces, a Persian eunuch, 463

Cynægirus, a Grecian general, 369

Cynossema, a promontory in Caria, now Cape Volpo, 287

Cyprus, 29

Cyrene, a city in Libya, 312

Cyreschata, a town in Sogdiana, 340

Cyria, a Mauritanian princess, 531

Cyrinus, 280

Cyropolis, a town in Media, 337

Cyrus, 90, 331

Cyzicus, 287;
besieged and taken by Procopius, 426;
taken by the Scythians, 591

D.

Dacia, 423

Dadastana, a town on the borders of Bithynia, 403

Dagalaiphus, captain of the domestics, 255, 347, 359, 388, 407;
sent by Valentinian to oppose the Allemanni, 415;
made consul, 428

Dahæ, a Scythian tribe, 290

Damascus, 28

Damasus, bishop of Rome, 441

Dames, 95

Dandaca, a town in the Tauric Chersonese, 292

Daniel, a Roman count, 546

Danube, description of the, 293

Daphne, a suburb of Antioch, 210;
(2) a town in Moesia, 445

Dardanus, a town in the Hellespont, 287

Darius, 331, 428

Darnis, a town in Libya, 312

Datianus, a Roman consul, 133

Davana, a town in Mesopotamia, 321

Davares, a people of Africa, 532

Decem Pagi (Dieuse), 86

Decentius, a tribune, 216

Decius (the Cæsar), 614

Delos, 139, 303

Delphidius, an orator, 160

Delta in Egypt, 309

Demetrius Chytras, a philosopher of Alexandria, 209

Democritus, 46, 88, 286

Demosthenes, 549, 554

Diabas, a river of Assyria, 334

Dibaltum, a city of Thrace, 600

Dicalidones, a tribe of Picts, 453

Didius, a Roman general, 443

Didymus, surnamed Chalcenterus, 314

Dieuse (Decem Pagi), 86

Dinarchus, a Grecian orator, 554

Dindyma, a mountain of Mysia, 287

Dinocrates, an architect, 313

Diocles, treasurer of Illyricum, 451

Diocletian, 59, 317

Diodorus, a count, 301

Diogenes, governor of Bithynia, 514

Diogmitæ, a kind of light-armed troops, 456

Dionysiopolis, 444

Dionysius, king of Sicily, 44, 64, 97

Dioscurias, a city on the Euxine, 290

Dipsades, a species of Egyptian serpent, 311

Discenes, a tribune, 202

Dius, a Mauritanian chief, 527

Divitenses, a German tribe, 424, 436

Domitian, the emperor, 168

Domitianus, prefect of the East, 23, 49

Domitius Corbulo, 48

Dorians, 73

Doriscus, a town in Thrace, 176

Dorostorus, a city of Thrace, 444

Dorus, a surgeon of the Scutari, 92

Dracontius, master of the mint, 301

Drangiana, a province of Persia, 342

Drepanum, a town in Bithynia, 425

Drepsa, a town in Sogdiana, 340

Druentia (the Durance), a river in Gaul, 77

Druids, 73, 74

Drusus, a Roman general, 443

Drypetina, daughter of King Mithridates, 95

Dulcitius, a Roman general, 455

Duodiense, a fort in Mauritania, 536

Dura, a town beyond the Tigris, in Mesopotamia, 326, 347, 391

Dymas, a river in Sogdiana, 340

Dynamius, 55

E.

Earthquakes in Africa, 137;
the supposed causes, 138

Ecbatana, an Assyrian town, 334

Eclipses, causes of, 214

Edessa, 236, 255

Elephantine, a city of Ethiopia, 307

Elephants, 376

Eleusis, 139

Eleutheropolis, a town in Palestine, 29

Emissa, a town of Syria, 23

Emodon, a mountain in Scythia, 341

Emona, 477

Engines, warlike, 323

Epicurus, 554

Epigonius, a philosopher, 25, 31

Epimenides, 486

Epiphania, a town in Cilicia, 300

Equitius, tribune of the Scutarii, 406;
made general and count, 414, 539;
his son Equitius a tribune, 611

Eratosthenes, 287

Erectheus, 84

Ermenrichus, king of the Ostrogoths, 583

Erythræ, a city in Ionia, 617

Esaias, a Roman noble, 477

Essedones and Essedon, a people and town of the Seres, 341

Eubulus, a citizen of Antioch, 22

Eucærius, proprefect of Asia, 506

Euctemon, an ancient astronomer, 407

Eumenius, 477

Eumolpias (Philippopolis), 278

Eupatoria, a city of the Tauri, 292

Euphrasius, master of the offices, 422

Euphrates, 199, 335

Euphronius, governor of Mesopotamia, 176

Eupraxius, master of the records, 450

Euripides, his tomb at Arethusa, 443

Europos, a city of Persia, 337

Eusebia, wife of the Emperor Constantius, 48;
her plots against Helena, 103, 253

Eusebius, an orator, surnamed Pittacos, 23, 31;
(ii.) High Chamberlain, 33, 36, 167, 281;
(iii.) surnamed Mattyocopa, 55;
(iv.) brother of Eusebia and Hypatius, 160, 253, 516;
(v.) Bishop of Nicomedia, 295

Euseni, an eastern people, near Persia, 29

Euses, a town in Gaul, 79

Eustathius, a philosopher, 136

Eutherius, prefect of the bedchamber, 93, 232

Eutropius, proconsul of Asia, 512

Evagrius, one of the emperor's household, 280

Exsuperius, one of the Victorian Legion, 361

F.

Fabius Maximus, 81

Fabricius Luscinus, 548

Fara, an island on the coast of Persia, 338

Farnobius, 587, 601

Faustina, the second wife of the Emperor Constantius, 253, 271, 423

Faustinus, a military secretary, 562

Felix, master of the offices, 233, 317

Fericius, a Mauritanian chief, 530

Ferratus, a mountain in Mauritania, 527

Festus, governor of Syria, 519;
his cruelties, 528

Fidustius, accused of magic, 505

Firmus, a Mauritanian chief, 525;
his flight, 533;
commits suicide, 537

Flavian, a Roman citizen, 502

Florentius, (i.) prefect of the Prætorian Guard, 110, 128, 216, 232,
253, 270;
(ii.) the son of Nigridianus, 58, 213, 279;
(iii.) the prefect of Gaul under Valentinian, 452;
(iv.) a tribune, 430;
(v.) Duke of Germany, 525

Fortunatianus, a count, 504

Forum of Trajan, 102

Fragiledus, a Sarmatian chief, 148

Franks, 58, 141, 235

Fraomarius, king of the Bucenobantes, a German tribe, 524

Frigeridus, a Roman general, 595, 600

Fritigern, general of the Goths, 587, 593, 607, 609

Frontinus, 472

Fullofaudes, military duke in Britain, 453

Fulvius, a Roman general, 81

G.

Gabinius, king of the Quadi, 539, 559

Galactophagi, a Scythian tribe, 341

Galatæ, the Gauls, 73

Galerius, 38

Galla, the mother of Gallus, 43

Gallienus, 4

Gallonatis, a fort in Mauritania, 531

Gallus, nephew of Constantine the Great, 1;
his atrocities, 2;
puts the principal persons at Antioch to death, 21;
summoned by the emperor, 37;
leaves Antioch and arrives at Constantinople, 39;
is sent to Istria, 41;
put to death, 42;
his personal appearance and character, 43

Gallus, a river in Bithynia, 426

Garamantes, an African tribe, 307

Garumna (the Garonne), 78

Gaudentius, 51, 95, 143, 254, 300

Gaugamela, a city in Adiabene, 334

Gaul, description of, 73;
its provinces, 79;
its inhabitants, 80;
produce, 81

Gaza (now Ghuzzeh), a city of Palestine, 29

Gazaca, a town in Media, 337

Geapolis, a town in Arabia, 338

Gedrosia, a province of Persia, 343

Gelani, a people of the East, near Persia, 134

Geloni, a tribe near the Caspian, 291

Genonia, a town in Parthia, 338

Genua (Genoa), chief town of the Ligures, 77

George, bishop of Alexandria, 300, 301

Gerasa, a town in Arabia, 29

Gerasus (the Pruth), 584

Germanianus, 255

Germanicopolis, in Bithynia, 456

Germanicus, 306

Germany, 78

Gerontius, tortured by Constantius, 12

Gildo, a Mauritanian chief, 526

Glabrio, Acilius, 17

Gomoarius, or Gumoharius, 233, 255, 269, 422, 429

Gordian, the elder, 421;
(ii.) the younger, 326

Gorgias of Leontinum, 554

Gorgonius, Cæsar's chamberlain, 48

Goths, 442, 445, 585;
invade Thrace, 599;
defeated by Frigeridus, 601;
massacre of the, 623

Gratian, the elder, 566;
(ii.) son of Valentinian, 448;
takes Equitius as his colleague, 551, 602, 605;
surprised by Sebastian, 607

Grumbates, king of the Chionitæ, 176, 185

Gruthungi, a tribe of Ostrogoths, 446, 583

Gundomadus, king of the Allemanni, 32, 111

Gynæcon, a town in the Persian province of Gedrosia, 343

Gyndes, a Persian river, 337

H.

Hadrian, 386, 571

Hadrianople, battle of, 610-615;
siege of by the Goths, 619;
raised, 620

Hadrianopolis, 39, 444, 607

Hannibal, 77;
buried at Libyssa, 295

Harax, a river in Susiana, 335

Hariobaudes, a tribune, 161, 162

Hariobaudus, a king of the Allemanni, 164

Harmozon, a promontory in Carmania, 332

Harpalus, one of Cyrus's lieutenants, 74

Hasdrubal, a Carthaginian general, 77

Hatra, an ancient town in Mesopotamia, 395

Hebrus (Maritza), a river in Thrace, 172

Hecatæus, an ancient geographer, 287

Hecatompylos, a town in Parthia, 338

Helen, wife of Julian, 71;
her death and burial, 244

Helenopolis (Frankfort-on-the-Maine), 425

Helepolis, a military engine used in sieges, 324

Helice, a town in Achaia, destroyed by an earthquake, 140

Heliodorus, a seer, 504;
his atrocities, 515;
death of, 517

Heliogabalus, 421

Heliopolis, a town of Syria, 131

Helpidius, prefect of the East, 253

Hendinos, a title given to the Burgundian kings, 495

Heniochi, a tribe near the Euxine, 290

Heraclea, a city of Thrace, called also Perinthus, 278

Heraclitus, the philosopher of Ephesus, 274

Herculanus, officer of the guard, 33

Hercules, 73

Hermapion, 132

Hermes Trismegistus, 270

Hermogenes, master of the horse, 33,
(ii.) of Pontus, prefect of the prætorium, 208, 253;
(iii.) a Roman general in Germany, 481

Hermonassa, an island in the Palus Mæotis, 291

Hermopolis, a city in the Thebais, 312

Herod, 29

Herodianus, 314

Herodotus, 311

Hesiod, 16

Hesperus, proconsul of Africa, 502

Hesychia, a Roman matron, 477

Hiaspis, a district on the Tigris, 169

Hiberia, a country in Asia, near Colchis, 463;
is divided between the Persians and Romans, 466, 549

Hibita, a station in Mesopotamia, 399

Hiera, an island on the coast of Sicily, one of the Ægates, 139

Hierapolis, a city in Commagena, 28, 267, 319;
(ii.) a city in Phrygia, 333

Hierocles, son of Alypius, governor of Britain, 514

Hieroglyphics of the Egyptians, 130

Hilarinus, a charioteer, 411

Hilarius, 505

Hileia, a town in Mesopotamia, 170

Hipparchus, the philosopher, 407

Hippias of Elis, 90

Hippocephalus, a suburb of Antioch, 270

Hippopotamus of Egypt, 310

Histros, a city of Thrace, 293

Homer, 20, 71, 170, 191, 270, 341, 442, 453, 479, 617

Honoratus, Count of the East, 3, 21

Hormisdas, a Persian prince, 102;
(ii.) a general of the emperor Julian, 347;
(iii.) son of the preceding, 427

Horre, a town in Mesopotamia, 183

Hortarius, king of the Allemanni, 107, 144, 161;
(ii.) a German noble, 525

Hucumbra, 374

Huns, 577-582

Hydriacus, a river in Carmania, 339

Hydrus, the, 310

Hymetius, proconsul of Africa, 471;
banished to Boæ, a town in Dalmatia, 472

Hypanis (the Bog), a river of Sarmatia, 291

Hypatius, a consul, brother of Eusebius, 160, 253, 516

Hyperechius, 426

Hyperides, a Grecian orator, 554

Hyrcania, a northern province of Persia, 339

Hystaspes, father of Darius, 336

I.

Ibis, the sacred bird of the Egyptians, 311

Ichneumon, an Egyptian reptile, 310

Iconium, a town in Pisidia, 5

Icosium, a town in Mauritania, 529

Idmon, an augur, 290

Igilgitanum, part of the coast of Mauritania, so called from the town Igilgili (Iijeli), 526

Igmazen, king of Mauritania, 535

Ilus, son of Troas, 296

Imbros, an island off the coast of Thrace, 286

Immo, a Roman count, 261

Ingenuus, a rebel, 274

Innocentius, 121

Iphicles, a philosopher, envoy from Epirus, 561

Iris, a river flowing into the Euxine, 289

Isaflenses, a people of Africa, 534

Isauria, a province of Asia Minor, 6

Isaurians, rebellion of the, 5;
they besiege Seleucia, 8;
compelled by Nebridius to disperse, 10

Isocrates, 570

Izala, a mountain in Mesopotamia, 173

J.

Jacobus, treasurer of the commander of the cavalry, 200

Januarius, a relation of the Emperor Julian, 406

Jasonium, a mountain in Media, 339

Jaxamatæ, a Scythian tribe, 291

Jaxartæ and Jaxartes, a people and river of Scythia, 341

Jazyges, a people on the Palus Mæotis, 291

Jerusalem, the temple of, 317

Jews, 283

Jovian, chief officer of the guard, 276;
son of Varronianus, 388;
elected emperor after Julian, 388;
his treaty with Sapor, 393;
advances to Hatra, 395;
his severity, 399;
visits Tarsus, 402;
dies suddenly at Dadastana, 403;
his character, 405;
his body brought to Constantinople, 406

Jovianus, a secretary, 361, 398, 417

Jovinianus, a Persian satrap, 175

Jovinus, master of the horse, 256, 261, 279, 396;
commander of the forces in Gaul, 414;
his vigour, 436;
defeats the Germans, 458;
his execution, 501

Jovius, a quæstor, 256, 294

Juba, king of Mauritania, 308

Jubileni, an African tribe, 535

Julian, son of Constantius and Basilina, 383;
born at Constantinople, 295;
educated by Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia, 295;
protected by Queen Eusebia, 48;
is invested with the title of Cæsar, 69;
married to Helena, 71;
made consul, 83;
marches against the Allemanni, 85;
temperate habits, 89;
his moderation, 91;
plots against, 93;
second consulship, 104;
his first campaign, 105;
his prudence, 107;
his speech to his soldiers, 109;
the Allemanni sue for peace, 126;
fixes his winter residence at Paris, 128;
attacks the Chamavi, 141;
military sedition, 142;
he crosses the Rhine, 163;
Constantius grows jealous of him, 216;
saluted as emperor, 219;
his dream, 223;
his letters to Constantius, 229;
elected emperor by the army, 234;
crosses the Rhine, and attacks the Attuarii, 235;
death of his wife Helena, 244;
pretended adherence to Christianity, 246;
defeats the Allemanni, 249;
speech to his soldiers, 250;
enters Sirmium, 257;
his letter to the senate, 259;
besieges Aquileia, 261;
his march through France, 267;
hears of the death of Constantius, and enters Constantinople, 278;
his severities, 279;
reforms the imperial palace, 281;
openly professes paganism, 283;
sets out for Antioch, 295;
visits the ancient temple of Cybele at Pessinus, and offers
sacrifices, 296;
winters at Antioch, 298;
forbids the masters of rhetoric to instruct Christians, 299;
prepares for an expedition against the Persians, 302;
orders the church at Antioch to be closed, 304;
writes his 'Misopogon,' 305;
marches into Mesopotamia, and arrives at Carrhæ, 320;
addresses his army, 328;
invades Assyria, 347;
captures and burns Pirisabora, 353;
addresses the army, 354;
his continence, 368;
his sacrifice to Mars, 369;
storms Maogamalcha, 357-362;
burns all his ships except twelve, 370;
his self-denial, 377;
alarmed by prodigies, 377;
wounded in fighting with the Persians, 379;
his dying speech, 381;
death, 383;
his character, 383-386;
his personal appearance, 387

Julian, uncle of the emperor, 317

Juliers (Juliacum Francorum), 127

Julius, a count commanding the army in Thrace, 422, 623

Justina, wife of Valentinian, 575;
sister of Cerealis, 482

Juvenal, 488

Juventius Siscianus, the quæstor, 413;
made prefect of the city, 441

K.

Kellen (Triæsinæ), a town in Germany, 161

L.

Lacotene, a town in Armenia, 236

Lagarimanus, a general of the Goths, 584

Laipso, a tribune, 121

Lamforctense, a town in Mauritania, 528

Lampadius, prefect of the prætorian guard, 55;
made prefect of the city, 440

Lampsacus, a city of Mysia, 287

Laniogaisus, a Frank and tribune, 59

Laodicea, a town of Syria, 28

Laranda, a town in Isauria, 8

Latinus, count of the domestics, 34

Laudias, a fort in Mesopotamia, 179

Laumellum, a town in Italy, 72

Lauricius, sent as governor to Isauria, 211

Lawyers, Roman, described, 555

Lazica, a province of Scythia, 465

Leap-year explained, 407

Leman (the Lake Leman), 79

Lemnos, an island off the coast of Thrace, 286

Lentia (Lintz), 52, 602

Lentienses, incursions of the, 53

Leo, a Pannonian, 407, 470, 551, 561

Leonas, quæstor of Constantius, 233

Leontius, prefect of Rome, 65

Leptis, a town in Africa, distress of, 497;
implores the emperor's aid, 499

Lesbos, an island on the Ægean Sea, 286

Letian, a German tribe, 231

Leuce, an island in the Black Sea, 292

Liberius, bishop of Rome, banished by Constantius for refusing to concur in the deposition of Athanasius, 67

Libino, a count, sent by Julian against the Allemanni and slain, 247

Libya, 312

Libyssa, a town in Bithynia, 295

Limigantes, slaves of the Sarmatians, 151, 203;
their treachery, 151, 203, 205;
defeated, 207

Lions in Mesopotamia, 177

Londinium (London), 212, 454, 483

Lorne, a fort in Mesopotamia, 201

Lotophagi, mentioned by Homer, 20

Lucillianus, count of the domestics, and father-in-law of Jovian, 39, 159, 175, 257, 322, 396, 402

Lucullus, a Roman general who defeated the Thracians, 444

Lugdunum (Lyons), 79

Lupicinus, master of the horse, 163;
sent against the Picts, 212, 233;
(ii.) count of Thrace, 587, 589;
(iii.) one of the Gentiles, 460

Luscinus, 361, 548

Luscus, governor of Antioch, burnt to death, 25

Lusius, an officer under Trajan, 526

Lutetia (Paris), the capital of the Parisii, 78

Luto, count, 65

Lycaonia, part of Asia Minor, 7

Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, 88, 296, 572

Lyons (Lugdunum), 79

---- gulf of (Adgradus), 80

Lysimachia, 287

M.

Macellum, in Cappadocia, 48

Macepracta, a town in Assyria, 351

Maces, a promontory in the Persian Gulf, 332

Machamæus, a Roman general, killed, 374

Macrianus, a king of the Allemanni, 164, 494, 523, 552

Macrones, a people near the Euxine, 290

Mæotis Palus (the Sea of Azov), 291

Magi, 336

Maharbal, 170

Malarichus, commander of the Gentiles, 56, 57;
appointed by Jovian commander of the forces in Gaul, 396

Malechus Podosaces, 350

Mallobaudes, or Mellobaudes, 41, 56, 553, 603

Mamersides, 353, 363

Mamertinus, 255, 259, 279;
made prefect of Italy, with Africa and Illyricum, 414;
accused of peculation, 451

Mancinus, C. Hostilius, a Roman consul, 44

Manlius Priscus, a lieutenant of Pompey, 95

Maogamalcha, a city in Persia, 357

Maræccus, a river near the Caspian Sea, 291

Maranx, a district in Persia, 375

Maras, a Christian deacon, put to the torture, 32

Maratocupreni, a people in Syria, who lived by plunder, 48

Marcellianus, duke of Valeria, 539

Marcellus, 86;
master of the horse, 88;
cashiered, 92, 95;
(ii.) a kinsman of Procopius, kills Serenianus, 431;
seizes Chalcedon, 431;
taken and put to death, 432

Marcianopolis, a city of Thrace, 444, 589

Marcianus, 265;
(ii.) a rhetorician, 557

Marcius, an ancient seer, 4

Marcomanni, 538

Marcus Aurelius, 274, 538, 591

Mareades, 325

Margiani, a Persian tribe, 339

Mariandena, a district in Bithynia, 288

Maride, a fort in Mesopotamia, 201

Marius Maximus, 488

Marinus, a tribune, 51

Maronea, a town in Thrace, 286

Marseilles (Massilia), 79

Marses, a river in Assyria, 335

Martinus, a deputy-governor of Britain, 13;
commits suicide, 14

Masaucio, 416

Mascizel, a Mauritanian chief, 527

Masilla, 537

Massagetæ, 292, 328, 580

Massilia (Marseilles), 74, 79

Massisenses, a people of Mauritania, 527

Matrona, an Alpine mountain (Mont Genevre), 76;
(ii.) the Marne, a river in Gaul, 78

Maudio, count, 65

Mauritania, 526

Maurus, a Roman count, 220

Maxentius, a Pannonian, 452

Maxera, a river in Hyrcania, 339

Maximianopolis, a city in Thrace, 444

Maximinus, the Roman emperor, 4

---- prefect of Rome, 468;
his ferocity, 469, 470, 473-476

Maximus, prefect of Rome, 265

---- a celebrated philosopher, beheaded at Ephesus, 513

Mayence (Moguntiacus), stormed by Rando, a chief of the Allemanni, 457

Mazaca, a city in Cappadocia, 233

Mazices, a people in Mauritania, 529

Mazuca, a Mauritanian chief, 534

Mederichus, a king of the Allemanni, 113

Medianum, a fortress in Mauritania, 535

Media, 335

Mediolanum (Evreux), 79

Meiacarire, a small town in Mesopotamia, noted for its cool springs, 174

Melanchlænæ, a tribe near the Palus Mæotis, 291

Melanthias, a country palace of the Roman emperors, 606

Melas, a river in Pamphylia, 7

---- a bay (Gulf of Saros) on the coast of Thrace, 286

Melitina, a town in Lesser Armenia, 200, 236

Memoridus, tribune, 396

Memorius, prefect of Cilicia, 319

Memphis, a town of Egypt, 313

Menander, a poet, 270

Menapila, a town in Bactria, 340

Menophilus, the eunuch of king Mithridates, 95

Mephra, a town in Arabia, 338

Mercurius, a notary, nicknamed the Count of Dreams, 50

Merenes, a Persian general, 375

Meribanes, king of Hiberia, 253

Merobaudes, 574, 598

Meroe, a town in Ethiopia, 307, 312

Mesene, a town in Assyria, 334

Meseus, a river in Persia, 335

Mesopotamia, 134

Messala, prefect of Pannonia, 540

Meton, an ancient astronomer, 407

Metrodorus, 387

Metz (Mediomatricum), 79, 99

Midas, king of Phrygia, 296

Milan, 49

Milesiani, Athenian colonists, 291

Miletus, 468

Mimas, mount, 617

Minervius, consular governor, 473

Misopogon, the, 305

Mithridates, 94

Mnevis, 306

Modestus, count of the East, 208;
prefect of the prætorium, 506, 553

Moesia, one of the Danubian provinces, 146;
(ii.) a town in Parthia, 333

Moguntiacus (Mayence), 78

Monæcus (Monaco), 76

Montius, a quæstor, 24, 31;
his violent death, 25, 40, 49

Mopsucrenæ, a town in Cilicia, 271

Mopsuestia, 27

Mopsus, a celebrated seer, 27

Mosa (the Meuse), 127

Mosynæci, a tribe near the Euxine Sea, 290

Mothone, a town of Laconia, 434

Moxoëne, a province beyond the Tigris, 321, 393

Muderic, a Thuringian noble, 584

Murci, persons exempt from military service, 81

Murocincta, 575

Mursa, battle of, 63

Musones, a people in Mauritania, 531

Musonianus, prefect of the East, 81, 98, 136

Musonius, a rhetorician, afterwards deputy governor of Asia Minor, 456

Mygdonia, part of Bithynia, 288

Mygdus, a town in Phrygia, 424

N.

Nabathæi, a people of Arabia, 29

Nabdates, 362;
burnt alive, 364

Nacolia, a town in Phrygia, 430

Næssus, or Næsus, a town in Illyricum, 259, 414

Nagara, a town in Arabia, 338

Naharmalcha, a canal joining the Euphrates to the Tigris, 366

Nannenus, or Nannienus, Count of Britain, 493;
defeats the Allemanni, 603

Napæi, a tribe of the Caspian, 291

Naphtha, 333, 337

Narbona (Narbonne), capital of the following, 79

Narbonne, a province of Gaul, 78

Narses, king of the Persians, 327;
(ii.) a Persian nobleman, 134, 368

Nascon, a town in Arabia, 338

Natiso, a river near Aquileia, 262

Natuspardo, chief of the domestici, 461

Naulibus, 342

Nauplius, 286

Nazavicium, mountain of Scythia, 341

Neapolis (formerly Shechem, now Nablous), a town in Palestine, 29;
(ii.) a town in Africa, 313

Nebridius, count of the East, 10;
made quæstor by Julian, 233;
refuses to take the oath of allegiance, and retires from public
life, 251;
made prefect of the prætorium, 422

Nectaridus, prefect of Britain, 453

Nemesis, or Adrastea, 42

Nemetæ (Spiers) a city in Germany, 78

Neo-Cæsarea, a city in Pontus, 465

Neotherius, 416

Nepotianus, 467

Nestica, tribune of the Scutarii, 144

Neuri, a tribe of the Massagetæ, 580

Nevitta, master of the horse, 256, 258, 259, 265, 284, 347, 359

Nicæa in Bithynia, 295

---- in Gaul (Nice), 79

Nice, a town in Thrace, 606

Nicer (the Neckar), 480

Nicomedia, 137, 287, 295, 304

Nicopolis, 444, 591

Nigrinus, 260;
burnt alive, 264

Nile, 307;
its islands, 309

Nileus, son of Codrus, 288, 468

Nineveh, 176 (Ninus), 28, 334

Ninus, or Nineveh, 28

Niphates, 332

Nisæa, 339

Nisibis, a town in Mesopotamia, 30, 172, 178, 393;
its importance, 397

Nobles, Roman, vices of the, 487-491

Nohodares, a Persian noble, 10, 174;
killed, 380

Novesium (Nuys), 161

Novidunum (Nivors), 446

Nubel, a Mauritanian chief, 525

Numerius, prefect of Gaul, 160

Nymphæum, a temple in Rome sacred to the nymphs, 66

Nymphæus, a river in Mesopotamia, 183

O.

Obelisk, Egyptian, inscription upon an, 132

Obroatis, a town in Persia, 338

Ochus, a river in Bactria, 340

Ocricoli (Ocriculum), 100, 472

Octavianus, proconsul of Africa, 317

Odissos, 293, 444

Odrysæans, a people of Thrace, 443

OEa, a Roman colony in the province of Tripoli, 498

OEchardes, a people of Scythia, 341

Olybrius, prefect of the city, 469

Olympias, daughter of Abladius, 236

Ona, a river in Persia, 333

Ophiusa, a name of the Island of Rhodes, 139

Opitergium, a town in Pannonia, 538

Opurocarra, a mountain in Serica, 341

Orchomanes, a river in Bactria, 340

Orfitus, prefect of Rome, 14, 100, 439, 451

Oroates, a river in Persia, 335

Orontes, a river in Syria, 28

---- a mountain in Media, 335

Oropus, a town in Euboea, 554

Ortogordomaris, a river rising in Bactria, 342

Ortopana, a city of the Paropanisatæ, 342

Osdroene, or Osdruena, a province of Mesopotamia, 10, 28, 319, 347

Ostracine, a town in Egypt, 312

Oxian Marsh in Sogdiana, 340

Oxus, a river in Hyrcania, 339

Oxyrynchus, a town in Egypt, 313

Ozogardana, a city in Assyria, 350

P.

Pacorus, king of Persia, 334

Palea, town in Pamphylia, 8

Palestine, 29

Palladius, master of the offices, 279;
(ii.) a tribune and secretary, 498-502

Palm-tree, 356

Pannonia, 103, 146

Pantheon of Rome, 102

Panticapæum, 291

Paphius, a senator, 474

Paphos, its temple of Venus, 29

Papirius Cursor, 569

Para, son of Arsaces, king of Armenia, 465, 543-549

Parætonium, a town in Libya, 313

Paraxmalcha, a town on the Euphrates, 350

Parion, a town on the Hellespont, 287

Parnasius, prefect of Egypt, 209

Paropanisatæ, a tribe of Persians, 342

Parthenius, a river in Bithynia, 289

Parthia, 338

Parthiscus, a river in Sarmatia, 152

Pasiphilus, a philosopher, 512

Patares, straits between the Palus Mæotis and the Euxine, 291

Paternianus, 551

Patigran, a town in Media, 337

Patræ, a town in Achaia, 209

Patricius, 505, 510

Patruinus, a Roman noble, 67

Paulus, surnamed "The Chain," 13, 14;
his character, 207;
despatched as a judge with Modestus to the East, 208;
his cruelties, 209, 210, 280

Pelagia, a name given to the Island of Rhodes, 139

Pelusium, a city in Egypt, 312

Pentadius, a notary, 41;
made master of the offices, 232, 279

Pentapolis, a province of North Africa, 312

Peregrinus, a philosopher, 513

Pergamius, accused of magical practices, 505

Persepolis, a town of Persia, 338

Persia, described, 331-337;
its rivers, 337

Persians, also called Parthians, 216;
their sovereigns called brothers of the sun and moon, 330;
description of their country, 331-337;
deliberate on public affairs at their banquets, 171

Pescennius Niger, 428

Pessinus, a town in Phrygia, 429;
its temple of Cybele, 296

Petobio (Pettau), a town in Noricum, 40

Petronius, his influence over Valens, 418

Petrus Valvomeres, 66

Peuce, an island in the Euxine Sea, 293

Phæacians, 170, 453

Phalangius, governor of Boetica, 473

Phanagorus, an island in the Palus Mæotis, 291

Pharos, an island and lighthouse near Alexandria, 313

Phasis, a river and city in Colchis, 290

Philadelphia, a town in Arabia, 29

Philagrius, 248

Philippopolis, a town in Thrace, formerly Eumolpias, now Philippopoli,
258, 278, 431, 444;
destroyed by the barbarians, 591

Philistion, 558

Philoromus, a charioteer, 66

Philoxenus, a poet, 64

Philyres, a tribe near the Euxine, 290

Phineus, a soothsayer, 288

Phocæans, 74

Phocus, 312

Phoenicia, 28

---- a town on the Tigris, called also Bezabde, 225

Phronemius, 422;
exiled to the Chersonesus, 432

Phrygia, 380

Phrynichus, an Athenian dramatist, 468

Phyllis, a river flowing into the Euxine, 288

Picenses, a Sarmatian tribe, 155

Pictavi (Poictiers), 79

Picts and Scots, 212, 453;
harass the Britons, 413

Pigranes, a Persian general, 368

Piri, a mountain in Germany, 481

Pirisabora, a town in Persia, 351;
captured and burnt by Julian, 353

Pistoja, a town of Tuscany, ominous occurrence at, 439

Pityus, an island in the Euxine, 289

Plato, 90, 315, 383, 554

Plautian, 418, 507

Plotinus, 270, 314

Podosaces, chief of the Assanite Saracens, 350

Pola, a town in Istria, 41

Polemonium, a town of Pontus, 289

Pollentianus, a tribune, 518

Polybius, the historian, 353

Pompey, 146

Portospana, a town in Carmania, 339

Posthumus, 274

Potentius, a tribune, 615

Prætextatus, 285, 457, 473

Priarius, king of the Allemanni, killed, 603

Priscus, a philosopher, 383

Probus, 461;
his cowardice, 540, 551, 560

Proconnesus, an island in the Propontis, 287

Procopius, 159;
message from, 175, 320, 401;
attempts a revolution in the East, 415;
his former career, 417;
saluted as emperor, 421;
his successes, 424, 425;
his death, 431

Profuturus, 594, 599

Prophthasia, capital of Drangiana, 342

Prosper, count, 37, 82, 136

Protagoras, 286

Provertuides, 453

Ptolemais, 312

Ptolemy the geographer, 287

Pylæ, a town on the borders of Cilicia and Cappadocia, 297

Pyramids of Egypt, 311

Pythagoras, 315

Q.

Quadi, neighbours of the Sarmatians, 103, 146, 148;
ravage Pannonia, 413, 538

Quadriburgium, 161

Quintianus, a senator, 507

Quintilii, two Roman brothers, 490

R.

Rabannæ, a Scythian tribe, 341

Rainbows, causes of, 241

Ramestes, an Egyptian king, 132

Rando, a chief of the Allemanni, 457

Rauracum, a town on the Rhine (Basle) 34, 79, 255

Rebas, a river flowing into the Euxine, 288

Regulus, 17

Rehemena, a province beyond the Tigris, 393

Reman, a Roman fortress in Mesopotamia, 183

Remi (Rheims), 79, 86

Remigius, 64, 455, 497, 525;
commits suicide, 551

Remora, a tribune given as a hostage to the Persians, 394

Resaina, battle of, 328

Rha (the Volga), 291

Rhine, its course described, 52

Rhinocolura, a city of Egypt, 312

Rhone, its course described, 79, 80

Rhodes, 139

Rhodope, 258, 287, 443

Rhombites, a river of the Sauromatæ, 291

Richborough (Rutupiæ), 212, 254

Richomeres, count of the domestics, 595, 598

Rigomagum (Rheinmagen), 87

Robur, a Roman fortress near Basle, 551

Roemnus, a river in Persia, 341

Rogomanis, a river in Persia, 337

Romanus, count, 455, 497, 525

Rome, its state of morals described, 15;
its buildings, 101, 102;
danger of a famine at, 203

Romulus, a senator, 264

Rothomagi (Rouen), 79

Roxolani, a Sarmatian race, 291

Rufina, put to death for adultery, 477

Rufinus, commander of the prætorian guard, 51, 96

---- prefect of the prætorium, 451, 461;
his character, 451, 461

---- Aradius, 317

Rumitalca, a tribune, 425

Rumo, a Sarmatian chief, 148

Ruricius, 455, 498, 501

Rusticianus, a priest, 498

Rusticus Julianus, 447

Rutupiæ (Richborough), 212, 454

S.

Sabaiarius, or beer-drinker; a name given by the inhabitants of Chalcedon to the emperor Valens, 425

Sabaria, a town in Pannonia, 563

Sabastios, 264

Sabinianus, 169, 171, 189

Sacæ, the, 340

Saccumum, a town in Italy, 140

Saga, a town in Scythia, 341

Saganis and Sagareus, rivers in Carmania, 339

Salamis, celebrated for its temple of Jupiter, 29

Salia, his sudden death, 509

Salices, a town in Thrace, 595

Salii, a tribe of Franks, 141

Saliso (Spiers), 86

Sallust, the historian, 81

Sallustius (i.), prefect of Gaul, 255;
consul with Julian, 317;
opposes the Persian war, 325;
(ii.) prefect of the East, 381;
refuses the imperial dignity after Julian's death, 388;
ambassador to the Persians, 393;
succeeded in the prefecture by Nebridius, 422

Salmaces, a Mauritanian chief, 528

Samosata, a town of Syria, 28, 168, 236

Sanctio (Seckingen), 247

Sangarius, a river flowing into the Euxine, 288

Santones (Saintes), 79

Sapaudia (Savoy), 80

Saphrax, a general of the Goths, 583, 610

Sapor, king of Persia, 98;
letter to Constantius, 134;
his designs, 167;
wounded at Amida, 185;
invades Mesopotamia, and lays siege to Singara, 223;
captures it, 224;
takes Bezabde, 228;
makes peace with the Romans, 393;
his treachery, 463;
renews the war, 463;
invades Armenia, 465;
his aggression, 503;
his proposals to Valentinian, 549

Saqires, a tribe near the Euxine, 290

Saracens, 11, 307, 322, 332, 350, 391, 622

Saramanna, a town of Hyrcania, 339

Sargetæ, a nation near the Euxine, 292

Sarmatians, 103, 146, 154;
ravage Pannonia, 413, 540

Saturninus (i.), superintendent of the palace, 280;
(ii.) a general against the Goths, 598

Saulieu (Sedelaucum), 85

Sauromaces, 468

Sauromatæ, 291, 580

Saxons, 413, 454;
make incursions into the Roman territory, 493, 567

Scævolæ, the, 555

Scipio, P.C., 17, 77

Sciron, a pirate, 6

Scordisci, formerly inhabitants of Thrace, 442

Scorpion, a military engine, 197;
its structure, 322

Scots and Picts, 212, 413, 453

Scudilo, commander of the Scutarii, 34, 42

Scytalæ, a species of Egyptian serpent, 311

Scythia, described, 341

Scythians, 229, 550

Scythopolis (Bethshean), in Palestine, 208

Sebastian, duke of Egypt, 321, 396, 458;
surprises the Goths, 607, 615

Seckingen (Sanctio), 247

Secundinus, 347

Sedratyra, a town in Gedrosia, 343

Segestani, a warlike tribe, 187

Seine (Sequana), 78

Sele, a Persian town, 335

Seleucia (Selefkieh), a city in Syria, 28;
(ii.) a town in Persia, also called Coche, 363

Seleucus Nicator, 28

Selymbria, a Megarian colony, 287

Semiramis, 19

Sens (Senones), 79

Sera, capital of Serica, 341

Serapion, king of the Allemanni, 107

Serapis, his temple at Alexandria, 314;
also at Turgana, 338

Serdica, a town in Bulgaria, 95

Serenianus, duke of Phoenicia, 22, 41, 414;
defends Cyzicus, 427;
his death, 431

Sergius, 381, 461

Serica, a country bordering on Scythia, 341

Servilius, the conqueror of Cilicia, 27

Severus (i.), the Emperor, 395, 507;
(ii.) master of the horse, 103;
at the battle of Strasburg, 113, 141, 143;
master of the infantry under Valentinian, 447, 493

Sextius Calvinus, 81

Sicani, ancient occupants of Sicily, 556

Sicinius Dentatus, 381, 461

Sidon, a city of Phoenicia, 28

Silvanus, 55;
attempts to assume the imperial dignity, 59;
is killed in a Christian church, 63

Simonides (i.), the lyric poet, 16, 90;
(ii.) a philosopher, 512;
burnt alive, 513

Simplicius, 209;
cruelty of, 477

Sindi, a tribe near the Euxine, 293

Singara, a town in Mesopotamia, 170;
besieged and taken by Sapor, 223, 224;
given up to the Persians, 393

Sinope, in Paphlagonia, 289

Sintula, tribune of the stable, 217, 221

Sirmium, 257

Sisara, a fort in Mesopotamia, 173

Sitifis, a town in Mauritania, 501, 502

Sizyges, a Scythian tribe, 341

Socrates, 488

Socunda, a town in Hyrcania, 339

Sogdiana, a province of Persia, 340

Sole, a town of Hyrcania, 339

Solicinium, 459

Solon, 64, 88, 315

Sophanes, a general under Xerxes, 369

Sophocles, 383

Sophronius, prefect of Constantinople, 421

Sopianæ, a town in Valeria, a province of Pannonia, 468

Sosingites, a lake in Assyria, 333

Sotera, a town in Persia, 342

Sparti, a Persian regiment, 200

Spectatus, a Roman tribune, 136

Sphinx, 309

Sporades, islands in the Ægean sea, 286

Stagira, the birthplace of Aristotle, 443

Stesichorus, a Greek lyric poet, 488

Sthenelus, his monument, 290

Strasburg, battle of, 113-118

Subicarense, a fortress in Mauritania, 538

Succi, a narrow pass in Mount Hemus, 258, 265, 267, 443

Sueridus, a Gothic chief, revolts, 592

Sugarbarritanum, a town in Mauritania, 529

Suggena, a Mauritanian general, 531

Sumere, a fort on the Tigris, 390

Sunon, a lake in Bithynia, 426