Chapter XVI: Appendix: II

STATISTICS OF THREE MINNESOTA COUNTIES

From the U. S. Census Reports

Chisago County 1860 1870 1880
White population 1,729 4,358 7,982
White native-born 1,209 2,164 4,017
White foreign-born 734 2,194 3,965
White foreign Danish ..... 14 50
White foreign Norwegian ..... 1,674 3,160
White foreign Swedish ..... ..... .....

Acres in farms
Improved 3,468 8,004 31,198
Unimproved 18,484 34,593 72,595

Cash value of farms $124,019 $477,720 $1,171,426

Chisago County 1890 1900
White population 10,359 13,248
White native-born 5,613 8,230
White foreign-born 4,746 5,018
White foreign Danish 67 55
White foreign Norwegian 50 69
White foreign Swedish 3,955 4,215

Acres in farms
Improved 43,476 85,277
Unimproved 101,649 129,501

Cash value of farms $2,563,630 $3,419,310

Fillmore County 1860 1870 1880
White population 13,542 24,887 28,162
White native-born 9,045 15,178 19,243
White foreign-born 4,497 9,709 8,919
White foreign Danish ..... 13 96
White foreign Norwegian ..... 6,61 5,191
White foreign Swedish ..... ..... .....

Acres in farms
Improved 75,542 185,087 361,100
Unimproved 216,454 214,459 134,333

Cash value of farms $1,844,797 $6,636,880 $9,535,815

Fillmore County 1890 1900
White population 25,966 28,238
White native-born 19,034 22,378
White foreign-born 6,932 5,860
White foreign Danish 68 59
White foreign Norwegian 4,171 3,593
White foreign Swedish 66 53

Acres in farms
Improved 357,083 389,386
Unimproved 117,670 131,875

Cash value of farms $9,935,202 $14,240,595

Otter Tail County 1860 1870 1880
White population 178 1,968 18,675
White native-born 178 888 11,249
White foreign-born ..... 1,080 7,426
White foreign Danish ..... 41 214
White foreign Norwegian ..... 889 4,772
White foreign Swedish ..... ..... .....

Acres in farms
Improved 306 3,632 131,804
Unimproved 2,118 28,898 340,355

Cash value of farms $17,550 $151,281 $3,650,223

Otter Tail County 1890 1900
White population 34,232 45,375
White native-born 20,884 30,988
White foreign-born 13,348 14,387
White foreign Danish 345 372
White foreign Norwegian 5,955 5,738
White foreign Swedish 2,470 3,038

Acres in farms
Improved 311,175 505,358
Unimproved 405,380 439,374

Cash value of farms $8,511,465 $12,478,640

INDEX

Aaker, L. K., 146-47.

Agriculture among Scandinavians, 95-98.

"America Book", influence on Norwegian emigration, 37-40.

Americanization, 106-111, 180-182.

Anderson, Paul, 116-117.

Anderson, R. B., 39, 155, 173.

Banks, Scandinavian, 104-5.

Baptist Church, work among Scandinavians, 118-120.

Behrens, Capt., 35-36.

Bennett Law (Wisconsin), 166-168.

Bibliography, 183-204.

Birth rate, 132-33.

Bishop Hill (Ill.), Swedish settlement, 54, 56-60.

Bremer, Frederika, quoted, 52-3, 82.

Bull, Ole, on the term "Scandinavian", 15-16.

Business, Scandinavians in, 102-5.

California, Scandinavian population, 72-4.

Capital:
brought by immigrants, 92-96;
investment, 94-97.

Chicago (Ill.):
Scandinavian population, 73-4;
Swedish settlement, 60.

Chisago Co. (Minn.), Swedish settlement, 97-98;
politics, 163.

Church, _see_ names of denominations, i. e., Baptist church.

Cities, Scandinavian element, 73-4.

Citizenship, 11, 83-4, 179-82.

Civil War, part played by Scandinavians, 75-8, 142, 149.

Clausen, C. L., 46-7.

Climate, influence upon distribution of immigration, 74-5.

Colleges, Scandinavian, 111-14.

Communism, in Bishop Hill settlement, 51-60.

Congregational church, work among Scandinavians, 116-19.

Dane Co. (Wis.) settlement, 110, 145.

Danes: character, 18;
in politics, 140-43;
settlements, 63, 65.

Danish immigration: 69, 73-4;
character of, 64;
statistics, 62, 67-74.
_See also_ Immigration.

Danish churches, 15, 63-65.

Davidson, J. O., 153.

Defectives, 134-45.

Delaware River (Swedish) colony, 11-13.

Delinquents, 134-35, 137-39.

Democratic party, 160-64, 166-70.

Denmark:
economic conditions, 18-19, 21, 62-63, 68.
emigration: 62, 64;
causes, 62, 63, 115;
statistics, 62, 67-74.
population:
distribution, 21;
increase, 69-70, 132.

Dietrichson, J. W. C., 47-8.

Duluth (Minn.), Scandinavian population, 74.

Eberhardt, A. O., 153.

Education, 65, 109-14, 166-70.
_See also_ English language; illiteracy.

Elk Horn (Ia.), Danish settlement, 63, 65.

Emigration, _see_ Immigration; Names of countries, e. g. Denmark.

English language, use among Scandinavians, 109-10, 113, 122-23, 131,
145, 166-72.

Ericsson, John, 78.

Esbjörn, Paul, 117-18.

Families, large, 14, 132-133.

Farmers' Alliance, 162-63.

Fillmore Co. (Minn.), 98-99, 110, 144.

Fox River (Ill.), Norwegian settlement, 28-29, 36.

Free Soil party, 158-59.

Greenback party, 161.

Grevstad, N. A., 156.

Hasselquist, T. N., 117-18.

Hedström, Jonas, and O. G., 50, 54, 116.

Heg, Even, 43, 44, 48.

Heg, H. C., 76.

Hesthammer, Peerson, _see_ Peerson Kleng.

Hovland, G. G., 30, 35.

Illinois:
Norwegian settlement, 27, 28-9, 32-3, 36;
politics, 161, 168-69;
Scandinavian population, 72-4;
Swedish settlement, 53-4, 56-7, 60.

Illegitimacy, 134.

Illiteracy, 109.
_See also_ Education.

Immigrants, Americanization, 10, 107-108, 179-82;
classes, 11;
value to U. S., 9, 91-93, 179-82.

Immigration, Scandinavian:
causes, 18-21, 81-8;
distribution, 71-4;
promoted by railroads, 86-98;
promoted by states, 88-90;
statistics, 7-8, 67-74, 205;
value to U. S., 91-105;
westward expansion, 45, 66, 71, 75, 96.
_See also_ Names of peoples, i. e., Danes.

Independent party, 161.

Indiana, Norwegian settlement, 27.

Industry, Scandinavians in, 102-5.

Insanity, 135-37.

Intermarriage, 130-131.

Iowa:
Danish settlement, 63;
immigration promoted by state, 89-90;
Scandinavian population, 72-4;
Swedish settlement, 53.

Janson, Eric, 55-9.

Jansonist colony, see Bishop Hill.

Jansonist movement, 55-61.

Jefferson Prairie (Wis.), Norwegian settlement, 41, 46.

Johnson, J. A., 152-53.

Johnson, John, 43.

Johnson, M. N., 154, 174-175.

Koshkonong (Wis.), Norwegian settlement, 44.

Kvelve, B. A., 32.

Labor, demand for, influence on immigration, 84-6.

Laborers, Scandinavian, compared with American, 100-1.

Land: value in North West, cause of immigration, 81-2, 99;
increase, 87.

Langeland, Knud, 35, 160.

Legislation, influenced by Scandinavians, 169-71.

Lind, John, 152, 154-55, 161.

Liquor traffic, attitude of Scandinavians, 171-72.

Listoe, Sören, 156.

Lutheran church:
among Scandinavians in U. S., 46-7, 63-5, 114-16, 120-23;
educational efforts, 110-14; 166-67.

Marriage, 131-32.

Martineau, Harriet, quoted, 28.

Mattson, Hans, 90, 146, 150-51, 156.

Merriam, W. R., 162, 176.

Methodist church, work among Scandinavians, 54, 116, 118-20.

Michigan, Scandinavian population, 74.

Minneapolis (Minn.), Scandinavian population, 73, 74, 134;
politics, 163 n.

Minnesota:
Danish settlement, 63;
economic development, promoted by Scandinavians, 97-9;
immigration promoted by state, 90-1;
politics, 144-56, 162-63;
Scandinavian population, 72-4, 138.

Missionary work among Scandinavians, 46-48, 54, 115-20.

Morality, 133-34.

Mormons, influence upon Danish immigration, 63, 73, 115.

Muskego (Wis.), 42, 48.

Nattestad, Ansten, 37, 39-42.

Nattestad, Ole, 29, 31, 40.

Nebraska:
Danish settlement, 63;
Scandinavian population, 72-3, 74.

Nelson, Knute, 151, 154, 164.

New Sweden (Ia.), 53.

New York, Norwegian settlement, 26-7;
Swedish settlement, 60.

Newspapers, Scandinavian: 16, 124-9, 203-4;
importance, 124-5, 129, 183;
in politics, 128, 142, 159-60, 164-5, 173-4;
number, 128.

_Nordlyset_, 126, 148, 159.

North Dakota:
politics, 147, 149-51, 162-3, 174-5;
Scandinavian population, 72-4.

Northwest, economic development, 79-105.

Norway:
economic conditions, 18-20, 30-1, 41-2, 68.
emigration: 22-3, 35, 40-2;
cost, 34;
difficulties, 33-4;
influenced by religious persecution, 24, 40;
influenced by settlers, 29-32, 37, 40;
statistics, 62, 67, 74.
population:
distribution, 19;
increase, 69-70, 132.

Norwegians:
character, 17, 93;
in politics, 140-56, 162.
immigration: 22-3, 32, 35-6, 93;
effects upon Norwegians, 107-8;
routes, 33-4, 36, 40-2;
statistics, 61, 67-74.
_See also_ Immigration.
settlements:
in Illinois, 28-9, 36;
in New York, 26-7;
in Wisconsin, 41, 42, 43-5.
_See also_ Scandinavians.

Occupations of immigrants, 84-7, 95-7, 102, 131-2.

Olson, Jonas, 55, 59, 60.

Olson, Olof, 56.

Otter Tail Co. (Minn.), 98-99, 126;
politics, 163.

Otteson, J. A., 125, 133.

Peerson, Kleng, 24, 25, 28.

Periodicals, religious, 127-9.

Pine Lake (Wis.) settlement, 51-53.

Place names of Scandinavian settlements, 99, 143-5.

Political parties, _see_ Names of parties.

Politics, Scandinavian: 140-56, 166-78;
influenced by newspapers, 164-6, 173-4.

Populist party, 161, 164.

Prohibition, _see_ Liquor traffic.

Quakers, influence upon Norwegian emigration, 23-5.

Racine Co. (Wis.) settlement, 42;
politics, 158.

Railroads, stimulus to immigration, 86-8.

Religion, among Scandinavians, 45-8, 114-20;
relation to politics, 161.

Religious persecution, 24, 40, 56.

Remittances to Europe, 94, 129.

Republican party, 157, 160-4, 166-8, 174-7.

"Restoration" (ship), 22, 25-6.

Reymert, J. D., 126, 148.

Rochester (N. Y.), Norwegian settlement, 26.

Rockford (Ill.), furniture industry, 103;
Swedish population, 73-4;
politics, 169.

Rynning, Ole, 36-7, 39.

St. Paul (Minn.), Scandinavian population, 74, 134.

"Scandinavian", objection to term, 15.

Scandinavian immigration, _see_ Immigration.

Scandinavians:
birth rate, 132-3;
character, 10, 16-7, 179-82;
in agriculture, 97-100;
in business, 102-4;
in cities, 73-4;
in Civil War, 75-8, 142, 149;
in domestic service, 131-2;
in industry, 103-4;
in politics, 140-56, 169-78;
morality, 133-4;
occupations, 84-7, 95-7, 102-5;
standard of living, 101-2;
value to U. S., 7, 11, 83-4, 91-105, 179-82;
wealth, 97-8, 102.
_See also_ Danes, Norwegians, Swedes.

Schröder, Johan, 125-6.

Settlers, propagandists of immigration, 29-32, 41.

Slavery, attitude of Scandinavians towards, 157-9.

South Dakota:
politics, 147, 149-51, 162-3, 175-6;
Scandinavian population, 72-4.

Standard of living, 101-2.

Statistics, tables of, 67, 85, 205.

Sweden:
economic conditions, 18-20, 68.
emigration: 50-1, 53;
causes, 51, 53-4, 56, 61;
statistics, 67-74.
population:
distribution, 20;
increase, 69-70, 132.

Swedes:
character, 12;
in politics, 140-56, 161-2, 166-70;
value as citizens, 13, 14.

Swedish immigration: 12, 22, 50-1, 53, 56-7, 61;
routes, 51, 53, 56-7;
statistics, 67-74.
_See also_ Immigration.
settlements:
on Delaware River, 11-3;
in Illinois, 60;
in Iowa, 53;
in New York, 60;
in Wisconsin, 51-2.
_See also_ Scandinavians.

Swenson, L. S., 155.

Texas, Danish settlement, 63;
Swedish settlement, 61.

Timanson, Levor, 95.

Transportation in West, 80, 84, 87.

Unitarian Church, work among Scandinavians, 119.

United Norwegian Lutheran Church, 110, 120-121.

U. S., described for emigrants, 37-40;
economic conditions, influence on Scandinavian immigration, 68-9;
economic development, 7, 79-105;
population, increase, 70.

Unonius, G., 51, 53.

Utah, Scandinavian population, 73-4, 115.

Wages, in Scandinavian countries, 85, 131;
in U. S., 85, 131.

Wealth, possessed by Scandinavians, 97-8, 102.

Wisconsin:
Danish settlements, 63;
immigration promoted by state aid, 88-9;
Norwegian settlements, 40-46;
politics, 145, 148-51, 153-4, 160-1, 166-8;
Scandinavian population, 72-4, 138;
Swedish settlement, 51-3.

* * * * * *

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Appendix 1, Table V, Nebraska: 1st row totals are off by 1.

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Appendix 1, Table I: The table was split into two sections in order to reduce the table width.