Chapter XXVI (3)

Quarles, Francis; lines on the sea, iv. 290
Quatrefages, M.: the lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany, ii. 178;
Hydrozoa, iv. 118
Queen Charlotte’s Island, i. 167
“Quieda Merchant,” Moorish ship, taken by Captain Kidd, iii. 57

Rae, W. F.: his account of California, i. 158;
the Rocky Mountains, iv. 21
Rae, Dr.: relics of Franklin’s last voyage found by him, iii. 215
Raffles, Sir Stamford, at Singapore, i. 143
Rafts: timber‐rafts at Singapore, i. 146;
raft of the “Medusa,” i. 76–82;
Géricault’s painting, 81;
foundering of the “Arctic,” ii. 108
Rain in the Arctic regions, iii. 182
Raleigh, Sir Walter: the Spanish Armada, i. 285;
colonisation and trade with America, 315;
Queen Elizabeth’s patronage, 316;
“Bark Raleigh,” _ib._;
colonisation of Virginia, ii. 2;
search for El Dorado, 4;
arrival at Trinidad, 4, 33;
portrait, 5;
mountains of Guiana; river Orinoco, 8;
fabulous tales, _ib._;
his observations on trade and the state of the navy, 10
Ralph the Rover: the bell of the Inchcape Rock, ii. 173
Rams of ironclads: loss of the _Vanguard_ and “Grosser Kurfürst,”
ii. 155
Ramsay, David, patents for steam‐ships, ii. 79
Ramsgate: iv. 241;
wrecks on the Goodwin Sands, ii. 212–235;
map of Ramsgate and the Goodwin Sands at low water, 252
Ramsgate Life‐boat and the “Aid” steam‐tug, ii. 215
“Ranger,” Paul Jones’s ship, iii. 72, 75
Rats on board ship, i. 222;
on the sea‐coast, iv. 197;
on Looe Island, 214
Raw meat: its medicinal value in Arctic regions, iii. 244
Rawson, Lieut., in Arctic exploration, iii. 102, 105, 106, 107
Razor‐fish, iv. 128, 129
Red‐hot shot, first record of, i. 91;
at Sebastopol, 16;
at Gibraltar, 16, 18
Red Sea, i. 115;
passage of the Israelites, _ib._;
its name; coral and animalculæ, 117;
islands, _ib._
_ Redoubtable_, at Trafalgar, i. 10, 11, 12
Reed, Sir E. J.: cost of ironclad war‐ships, i. 14;
designer of the _Iron Duke_ and _Vanguard_, 67;
big guns and armour plates, 6;
“Our Ironclad Ships,” ii. 144, 146
Reindeer in Spitzbergen, iii. 167;
at Hammerfest, 179;
venison, 246
Relics brought back by the Franklin search expedition, iii. 229
Renaud, M.: his co‐operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,
i. 110
Rendel, J. R., C.E.: his co‐operation in the Suez Canal, i. 110;
Portland breakwater, ii. 194
Rennie, James: his advocacy of steam war‐vessels, ii. 98
Rennie, John: the Bell Rock lighthouse, ii. 173, 176;
Plymouth breakwater, 190;
his use of the diving bell, iv. 81
Rensselaer Harbour: winter quarters of Dr. Kane in the “Advance,”
iii. 235
_ Rescue_: the search for Franklin, iii. 214
_ Resolute_: the search for Franklin, iii. 207
_ Resolution_: Arctic voyages, iii. 155
_ Resolution_ and _Adventure_: Captain Cook’s voyage of discovery,
iii. 277
Restoration Island named by Lieutenant Bligh: mutiny of the
_Bounty_, i. 244
Reticulosa, iv. 111
Reynaud, M.: Héhaux lighthouse, Brittany, ii. 178–181
Rhizopoda, iv. 111
Rhodosperms, iv. 200
Richard I., first maritime code, i. 268;
laws against wrecking, ii. 237
Richardson, Sir John: portrait, iii. 185;
his adventure with wolves, 189, 190;
his attempt to swim the Coppermine River, iii. 191, 193
Riou, Capt., his death at Copenhagen, i. 152
Roanoake; its colonisation, ii. 2
“Roanoake,” i. 20
Robber crab, iv. 152
“Robert J. Stockton,” iron steam‐ship, ii. 103, 104
Roberts, Captain Bartholomew, the pirate, iii. 63, 64
Roberts, Lady: her help in the wreck of the “Killarney,” ii. 314,
317
Robin Hood’s Bay, iv. 256
Robinson Crusoe: the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33–36
“Rob Roy:” Napier’s steam‐vessel, ii. 98
Rock‐borers, iv. 203
Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Railway, iv. 21
Rodney’s naval victory, i. 186
Rôles d’Oleron: laws against wrecking, ii. 237
Roman ships and galleys, i. 261
Ronayne, John: his bravery in saving life, ii. 257–261
Rooke, Sir George: Gibraltar taken by him, i. 94
Rose, Richard: his life‐buoy seat, iv. 262
Ross, Sir John: portrait, iii. 161;
his Arctic voyages, 163;
his voyage in the _Victory_, 186;
search for Franklin in the _Felix_, 207
Ross, Sir James Clarke: Arctic voyage, iii. 163;
Arctic exploration, 179, 181, 184;
discovery of the magnetic pole, 187;
“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, 216, 225;
discovery of the South Polar Land; Victoria Land, Possession
Island, and Mount Erebus, 280
“Rothsay Castle,” wreck of the, ii. 288, 297–304
Round the World on a Man‐of‐war, i. 87–214
“Round the World in Eighty Days,” iv. 1
_ Royal George_, loss of the, i. 59–62;
its removal by Colonel Pasley, 62;
diving operations, iv. 86
Royal Humane Society, iv. 263
Royal Observatory, Greenwich, iv. 278–282
_ Royal Sovereign_, Charles I.’s ship, ii. 29
_ Royal Sovereign_, i. 5
Rudyerd, John, second Eddystone Lighthouse, ii. 161;
destroyed by fire, 160, 163;
death of a keeper, _ib._
Russell, J. Scott, F.R.S., “The Fleet of the Future: Iron or Wood,”
i. 85; ii. 101;
portrait, 129;
construction of the “Great Eastern,” 130
Russian America, Alaska, i. 169, 170
Russian Arctic Explorations, iii. 185
Russian attempts to discover the north‐west passage, iii. 159;
Russian Arctic voyages, 159–162
Russian ironclads, i. 83

Saba Island, West Indies, i. 185
Sabine; Arctic expedition, iii. 163, 170
Saïd Pacha and M. de Lesseps, i. 108
Sailors: Lascars, Malays, and Kanakas, i. 43;
Devonshire boys on training ships, 46;
rating of sailors (able, ordinary, and boys), 51;
their hardships, 53;
flogging, 51–53;
perils of the sailor’s life, 54;
their conduct on board the _Terror_, iii. 199.
(_See_ Discipline.)
St. Catherine’s Island, taken by the pirate Morgan, iii. 45
St. Domingo: drawing by Columbus of its discovery, iii. 292;
early gold‐washing at, 293;
war, mutiny, and famine, 295;
Diego Columbus made governor, 308
St. Elias, Mount, Alaska, i. 170
St. George’s Island, Bermuda, i. 187, 189
St. Helena, i. 212, 213
St. John’s, Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert,
i. 318
St. Juan de Ulloa, Sir John Hawkins’s action at, i. 299, 301
“St. Lawrence,” i. 20
St. Lucia, i. 187
St. Paul’s travels; his shipwreck at Malta, i. 103, 104
“St. Valentine,” treasure‐ship, taken by Monson, ii. 21
St. Vincent, Battle of, i. 7, 8, 9
St. Vincent, Lord: suppression of the mutiny on the _St. George_, i.
256;
portrait, 257
Salmon, the, its natural history, iv. 163–168;
parr, smolt, grilse, _ib._;
abundance of its ova, 164;
tinned salmon from America, 166
Salmon: fisheries of California, Vancouver’s Island, British
Columbia, Alaska, i. 164, 168, 170, 171, 202;
mode of curing, iv. 167;
salmon leaps, _ib._
Saltness of the sea, i. 87, 97; iv. 90
Salt Lake, Great; Salt Lake City, iv. 23;
Cape Douglas garrison, 24, 25;
street in the city, 25
Salvador, i. 8
“Salvador del Mundi,” i. 9
“Samaritano,” wrecked on the Goodwin Sands; Margate and Ramsgate
lifeboats, ii. 217–223
Samphire, iv. 231, 233
Sandgate: loss of the “Grosser Kurfürst,” iv. 238
Sandwich: seal of the town, i. 274
Sandwich in the mutiny of the Nore, i. 252
Sandwich Islands: Honolulu; the king, iv. 45;
the ex‐queen Emma, 46;
sugar cultivation, _ib._;
volcanoes, 47
Sandy Hook Light, New York, i. 196
San Francisco: the bay; its entrance, the “Golden Gate,” i. 157;
the city, 158;
its history, _ib._;
society, 161;
view of the bay, 160;
a timber wharf, 156;
“John Chinaman” in San Francisco, 161;
Chinese theatres, _ib._;
earthquakes, 162; iv. 29, 30;
Drake at, i. 313
San Joseph, i. 8
San Juan Island, i. 166;
British camp, i. 165
“San Nicolas,” i. 8
San Salvador, the first land in the New World discovered by
Columbus, iii. 288
Santangel, his support of the plans of Columbus, iii. 286
Santiago, i. 172
“Santissima Trinidada,” i. 8, 10
Saracens, their ships, i. 269
Sardines: mode of fishing for, iv. 174
“Savannah,” the Atlantic first crossed by her, ii. 105
Saving life at sea. (_See_ Hovellers, Life, and Lifeboats.)
Saw‐fish, iv. 162
Sawkins, Captain, the pirate, iii. 51–55
Scaliger, J. C.: history of paddle‐boats, ii. 78
Scallops, iv. 138, 140
Scammon, Captain, soundings in Behring Sea, i. 138
Scandinavian early explorers of the Arctic regions, iii. 116
Scarborough: iv. 253;
shipwrecks, loss of the “Coupland,” 254
“Schiller,” loss of the, ii. 267
School on board the “Fox” in the Arctic regions, iii. 219
Scilly Islands, ii. 268–270
Scoresby: changes in the Greenland ice‐fields, iii. 163, 178
Scotland, pearl fisheries of, iv. 71
Scott, Mr.: buried at sea in the “Fox” Arctic expedition, iii. 221
Screw‐propeller, history of its invention, ii. 102
Screw steamer, plan and section of stern, ii. 101
Scurvy: on board in Anson’s fleet, ii. 50, 119;
in the expedition of the _Alert_ and _Discovery_, iii. 106,
107, 111, 114;
in Munk’s Arctic voyage, 150;
in Vitus Behring, Ischirikoff, and Parry’s voyages, 161, 162,
176;
in Dr. Kane’s expedition, 239
Sea, the: its living wonders, iv. 111;
its saltness, agitation, and waves, iv. 90;
the Gulf Stream, 91;
tides, 92;
its colour and phosphorescence, 96, 97
Sea‐anemones, iv. 123, 196–198
Sea coasts: “Sketches of our Coasts,” Cornwall, iv. 207–225;
South coasts, 225–247;
East coasts, Norfolk, Yorkshire, 247
Sea of Ancient Ice, voyage of the _Alert_, iii. 101
Sea‐cucumber, iv. 126, 128
Sea‐elephants, i. 34; iii. 279
Sea‐shore: “By the Sea‐shore,” iv. 190–207;
calm and storm, 192
“Sea‐goers” in guard‐ships, i. 45
Sea‐horse, iii. 155, 156; iv. 162
Sea‐lion, iv. 188
Seamen. (_See_ Sailors.)
Sea‐monsters, fabulous, i. 31
Sea‐polyps from the Atlantic: voyage of the _Challenger_, i. 31
Sea‐serpent: various accounts of it, drawings, conjectures, and
probabilities, iv. 184–190
Sea‐sickness, i. 50
Sea‐sickness and remedies, iv. 6, 7
Sea songs and poems, by Dibdin and others, i. 8, 42; iv. 298–304
Sea‐trees, Falkland Islands, i. 178
Sea‐urchins, sea‐slugs, iv. 125
Sea‐weeds, iv. 200
Seal of the town of Sandwich, i. 274
Seals: on inaccessible island, i. 40;
their flesh as food, iii. 94, 217–219, 251
Sebastopol, siege and bombardment of, i. 14, 15
Selkirk, Alexander, on the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33
Selkirk, Lady: plate taken from her by Paul Jones, iii. 73, 74;
returned five years afterwards, 75
“Serapis” taken by Paul Jones, iii. 77
Seton, Major: loss of the “Birkenhead,” i. 71
_ Severn_: Commodore Anson’s ship, ii. 46, 50
“Shah” and “Huascar:” action between them, i. 26
Shakespeare’s allusions to the sea, iv. 291–295;
“The Tempest,” 292;
“Merchant of Venice,” 294;
“Measure for Measure,” Henry VI. part ii., “Richard III.,”
“Pericles,” “Cymbeline,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Hamlet,” 295
Shakespeare’s Cliff, iv. 240
Shanghai, i. 122, 125
Sharks and Shark Fishing, iv. 160;
common shark; tiger shark, 161;
the shark worshipped in Africa, 162
Sharp, Captain, the pirate, iii. 55
Shells, Univalve, iv. 139
“Shenandoah:” her exploits in the American war, i. 139;
American whale ships burnt, iii. 157
Sheshaldinski, Peak of, Aleutian Islands, i. 171
Ships and shipping interests, History of, i. 258–ii. 156
Ship‐building, History of. (_See_ Naval Architecture.)
Ship‐money raised by Charles I., ii. 28
Shipwrecks and their lessons, ii. 297
Shipwrecks; Falconer’s poem, iv. 297
Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society, iv. 226, 249, 258, 272
Shrimps, iv. 158
Sieges of Gibraltar, i. 90
Sierra Leone, i. 202, 204;
Drake at, 314
Sierra Nevada, iv. 20, 27, 28;
snow‐shed, 29
Siffante, south‐west wind, i. 107
Signals of distress, ii. 266, 275; iv. 289;
necessity for electric communication, ii. 277
Sigurd, King, the crusader, at Gibraltar, i. 90
Silver Mines in Nevada, iv. 26
Simon’s Town, Cape of Good Hope, i. 206
Singapore, i. 143;
spices, foliage, fruit, climate, 145, 146;
scenery and commerce, 147;
new harbour, 146, 147;
corals, 150;
Kling gharry drivers, 150;
tiger hunting, _ib._;
views, 152, 153
Singhapura, Strait pirates, i. 146
Sinope, Battle of, i. 15
Siren signals, iv. 289
“Sirius,” ii. 106
Sirocco, i. 107
Sitka, the capital of Alaska, i. 169, 170
Skeletons of Franklin’s crews found by McClintock, iii. 230
Skerryvore Lighthouse, ii. 175–178
Slave‐trade: established, i. 295;
slaves taken by Sir John Hawkins, _ib._;
the African Company, ii. 33;
views of Columbus on slavery, iii. 295, 302;
slaves from America taken to Spain by Columbus and others,
295, 302, 307
Sledges in Arctic exploration, iii. 99–114, 133;
sledge journeys by McClintock, iii. 225;
by Morton, in Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedition, 239;
by Dr. Kane’s, 248;
by Capt. Parry’s, 179;
by Lieut. Payer’s, 272
Sleep in the Arctic regions, iii. 251
Sleepy comfort of freezing: Dr. Kane’s experience, iii. 237
Slip water bottles, for deep‐sea sounding, i. 29, 38
Smeaton, John: biographical notice, ii. 164;
third Eddystone lighthouse, 165;
portrait, 170;
diving bell, iv. 81
Smiles, Samuel: Smeaton and the Eddystone Lighthouse, ii. 164, 170;
Plymouth Breakwater, 191
Smith, Sir Sidney, i. 6
Smith, William, Discovery of South Polar Land, iii. 278
Smith’s Sound, view in, iii. 149;
discovered by Baffin, 150;
explored by Dr. Kane, 233
“Smoke‐stack, Patent,” on the “G. S. Wright,” i. 141
Smuggling, iv. 210, 234
Smyth, Rear‐Admiral: “The Mediterranean,” i. 87
Snow and ice: on American railways, iv. 21, 28;
at Plover Bay, i. 139;
crimson snow, iii. 164.
(_And see_ Ice.)
Snow‐blindness, iii. 179, 182, 239
Snow houses, iii. 244
Snow village in Greenland, iii. 173, 174
“Sofia,” Swedish Arctic expedition, iii. 257
Soldier crab, iv. 154
Soldiers at sea; burning of the “Kent,” i. 69, 70, 72;
loss of the “Birkenhead,” 74, 75;
wreck of the “Medusa,” 77, 78, 79, 80
Solen or razor‐fish, iv. 128, 129
Songs, Naval, i. 42, 43
“Souffleur, The,” or the Blower. Mauritius, iv. 95
Southampton, iv. 225
South‐east American Station, i. 175
South Sea Bubble, ii. 42–44
South Virginia Company: colonisation of America, ii. 11
Southey’s “Life of Nelson,” i. 8, 10;
“British Admirals,” 274, 275, 278;
defeat of the Armada, 290;
Sir John Hawkins and the slave‐trade, 298;
Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, 314;
anecdotes of Drake, 315;
exploits of Sir William Monson, ii. 19;
sea anemones, iv. 197
_ Sovereign of the Seas_, launched by Phineas Pett, i. 232
Spalding’s diving‐bell, its failure, and his death, iv. 81
Spanish Armada defeated, i. 283–291
Spanish galleons taken during the Commonwealth, ii. 31;
taken by Alison, 59–61; iii. 3
Spanish expedition to El Dorado, ii. 9
_ Speedy_, commanded by Admiral Cochrane, i. 219;
action with the Spanish frigate “Gamo,” _ib._
Spiders in ships, i. 221
Spinola: action at Cerimbra Roads, ii. 19, 21
Spinous cockle, iv. 204
Spithead, mutiny at, i. 251
Spitzbergen: discovery of, iii. 142;
Magdalena Bay, 166, 167;
animal life in, 167, 257
Spolasco, Dr.: wreck of the “Killarney,” ii. 305
Spondylus, iv. 138, 140
Sponges: “Venus’s Flower‐basket,” i. 30, 32;
sponge fishing off the coast of Greece, iv. 65, 77
Sprat, iv. 173
Spray of the ocean, iv. 92
Spry, W. J. J., R.N.: cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 28
Squat lobsters, iv. 158
“Squirrel,” Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, i. 318
Stables, Dr., R.N., on the punishment of the “cat,” i. 52, 53;
“Medical Life in the Navy,” i. 220
Staines, Sir Thomas: his discovery of the survivors of the _Bounty_,
i. 247, 248
Stamp Act in America, ii. 66
Star‐fish from the Atlantic; voyage of the _Challenger_, i. 31; iv.
125, 128
Stations, Naval: American, i. 102;
Pacific, 156;
Australian, 119, 131, 150;
China, 119, 137;
East India, 119;
Southeast American, 175;
West Indian, 178;
North American, 198;
African, 202
Steam‐power essential in deep‐sea sounding, i. 29, 30
Steam as a motive‐power for ships: early history, ii. 79–97
Steam‐ships first used for Arctic exploration, iii. 186
Steam war‐ships first introduced, i. 225
Steel ships, i. 84
Stephens, F. G.: “History of Gibraltar and its Sieges,” i. 90
Stephenson, Captain H. F.: winter quarters of the _Discovery_, iii.
100, 101;
_ Alert_ and _Discovery_ expedition, iii. 92
Stevenson, Allan: the Skerryvore lighthouse, ii. 175–178;
revolving and other lights, 186
Stevenson, Robert, Rennie’s assistant at the Bell Rock Lighthouse,
ii. 175
Stewart, Captain A.: search for Franklin, iii. 207
Stirling, J. D. Morriss, on the sea‐serpent, iv. 187, 189
Storms: the great gale of 1703;
Defoe’s account, ii. 199–209;
other accounts, 201, 202, 203;
“The Storm,” “After the Storm,” and other illustrations, iv.
292, 293, 296, 297, 300, 301
Straits of Gibraltar: scenery, i. 97
Stratford de Redcliffe, Viscount: his verses on the lifeboat, ii.
211
Strombus, a univalve shell, iv. 144
Sturgeon and its roe; caviare, iv. 162
Submarine telegraph cables, iv. 98
Submerged forest, iv. 199
Suez, i. 110, 114, 115
Suez Canal: procession of ships at its opening, i. 97;
M. de Lesseps’ published works on the Canal; its origin and
completion, i. 107–115;
statistics, 115;
bird’s‐eye view, 109
Sugar plantations, Jamaica, i. 183
Sun, The. (_See_ Mock Suns.)
Sun at midnight in the Arctic regions, iii. 264
“Sunbeam:” voyage of circumnavigation, iv. 40; 61, 62
Sun‐fish, iv. 162, 164
Sunshine in the Polar regions, iii. 109
Surgeons in the navy, i. 52
_ Swallow_, i. 7
_ Swallow_, Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, i. 318
Swamped at sea: loss of the “London,” ii. 289, 290–297
Swedish Arctic expeditions, iii. 257
Swedish ships: sanitary arrangements, ii. 120
Sword‐fish, and mode of fishing for it, iv. 177, 178
Sydney, South Australia, i. 154;
its natural productions, _ib._;
the Domain; the botanic garden, 155; iv. 52
Symington, William: steam navigation, ii. 82;
his experiments, 83, 84, 92;
portrait, 85
Symons, Captain, lost in the “Amazon,” ii. 278, 282

Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, i. 207
Tallack, W.: “Malta under the Phœnicians, Knights, and English,” i.
98
Tandon, Moquin, on sea‐monsters, i. 31
Tasman: his discovery of Tasmania, i. 151;
discovery of New Zealand, iv. 51;
the Maories, _ib._
Taylor, James: steam navigation, ii. 81, 83
Tchuktchi Indians: iii. 158;
building a hut, 157;
Professor Nordenskjöld at a Tchuktchi village, 275
Tea in Chili, i. 175;
Japanese, i. 133; iv. 43
Tea tax in America, ii. 67–69, 72;
thrown overboard, 69, 72
“Tegethoff:” Austro‐Hungarian Arctic expedition, iii. 271;
two years on an ice‐floe, _ib._;
the ship abandoned, 274
Telegraphy: submarine cables, iv. 98
Telescope, equatorial, at the Observatory, Greenwich, iv. 218
_ Téméraire_, i. 5, 10, 11;
her engines, i. 225
Temperature: of the depths of the sea, i. 30;
of the Atlantic Ocean, 37;
extreme cold in the Arctic regions, iii. 103, 105, 111, 135,
136, 171, 225, 236, 237, 276
Tenney, Matthew: his heroism on board the _Cumberland_, i. 22
Teredo, iv. 128
Ternati, Drake at, i. 312, 313
_ Terror_ and _Erebus_ among the icebergs, iii. 193, 197
_ Terror_: voyage of the _Terror_ under Captain Back, 196;
the ship nipped in the ice, 204;
Franklin’s last expedition, 207;
discovery of relics, 227, 230
Thames: Great Storm of 1703, ii. 204;
poetry of the, iv. 272
Theatre at Lima, i. 172
Theatres, Chinese, in San Francisco, i. 161
Theatricals: on the “Great Britain,” iv. 34;
“Royal Arctic Theatres” on the _Alert_ and _Discovery_, iii.
103;
on other Arctic ships, 170
“Thémistocle,” i. 7
Thermometers for deep‐sea sounding, i. 30, 37, 38
Thirst, sufferings from, ii. 16
Thomas, Captain, lost in the “Schiller,” ii. 267, 270
Thomson, J., “The Straits of Malacca,” i. 144
Thomson, Professor Wyville; cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 29
Thorne, Robert, his voyage of discovery, iii. 119
Thorpeness, Suffolk, iv. 247;
enterprise of Joseph Chard, _ib._
_ Thunderer_; her engines, i. 225
Tides of the Ocean, iv. 92
Tilbury Fort; Great Storm of 1703; West Indiamen wrecked, ii. 205
Time, mode of reckoning it in ships; “watches,” “bells,” “dog‐
watches,” i. 50
Time, difference between London and San Francisco, iv. 30
Timor, Lieut. Bligh at; mutiny of the _Bounty_, i. 242
Tobacco in Cuba when discovered by Columbus, iii. 290
Tobago; Crusoe’s Island, i. 179
Top‐knot, a minute flat‐fish, iv. 206
Torpedo (fish), iv. 160
Torpedoes: Fulton’s submarine boat, ii. 88;
Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, 146;
Bishop Wilkins’s subaqueous vessel, or “ark,” 148;
Schott, Knuffler, Fulton’s torpedoes, _ib._, 149;
Cushing’s attack on the “Albemarle,” 151;
“Lay” torpedo, _ib._;
Porter’s, Fulton’s, Lay torpedo, Spar torpedo, 153;
Paraguayan torpedo, 154;
Harvey torpedo, 153, 155;
Whitehead or “fish” torpedo, 155
Torres, Luis Vaes de; Torres Strait, iii. 277
Tortuga, bucaniers at, iii. 5, 6;
wild dogs and horses, iii. 7;
its discovery; turtles, 315
Torture: Spaniards tortured by pirates, iii. 38
Toulon, Siege of, i. 6
“Trades’ Increase,” East Indiaman, ii. 13
Trafalgar, Battle of, i. 10–13, 227
Training Ships, i. 44;
the _Chichester_, 45, 47;
course of instruction and drill, 48, 49;
saluting officers, 48;
incessant work, 49; iv. 287
Transportation of convicts to Australia, i. 154
Treasure ships, i. 311; ii. 19, 55, 56, 59–61; iii. 60, 63
_ Trent_ in the ice, iii. 165, 166, 167
Trepang fisheries (Holothuria), iv. 127, 128
Trevethick, Robt., portrait, ii. 97
Trinidad, Columbus landing at, i. 177, 178; iii. 295;
visit of Amerigo Vespucci, 302;
Raleigh at, ii. 4, 33
Trinidad, Port of Spain, i. 179–182
Trinity House and the Trinity Corporation, iv. 287–289;
duties of the Board, 289;
light‐vessels and staff of the Corporation, _ib._;
royal and noble Masters and Brethren, _ib._;
fog‐horns or Siren signals, _ib._
Tripe de roche: rock‐lichen as food, iii. 241
Tristan d’Acunha, i. 38, 201
Triton, a univalve shell, iv. 144
Trochus, a univalve shell, iv. 141
Trollope, Anthony: “The West Indies and the Spanish Main,” i. 179,
182, 183;
Bermuda, 187, 188;
New Zealand, iv. 51;
Sydney, 52;
Melbourne, 54
Tromp, Martin, ii. 30
_ Tryal_, Commodore Anson’s ship, ii. 46, 50, 55
Tunny: tunny‐fishing, iv. 177
Turbo, a univalve shell, iv. 141
Turret‐ships: “Monitor,” “Merrimac,” “Miantonoma,” ii. 139, 140,
141;
interior of a turret‐ship, 142;
“Brooklyn,” “Ohio,” _Captain_, _Vanguard_, _Warrior_, _Black
Prince_, 143;
other turret‐ships:
_ Inflexible_, 144, 145;
_ Alexandra_, 146, 147
Turtle at the Island of Ascension, i. 202
“Tuscarora:” deep‐sea soundings, i. 28, 30
Twain, Mark: his account of the Bermudas, i. 189
Tyre, Ships of, i. 259

Unclassed ships, ii. 123
_ Union_ gun‐boat, i. 6
“United Kingdom,” steam‐ship, ii. 98, 99
“United States,” Dr. Hayes’s Arctic expedition, iii. 255
Univalves, iv. 139
Unseaworthy ships, ii. 112–119
Upernavik, Danish settlement at, iii. 254
Urchins: sea‐urchins, iv. 126, 128
Utah, iv. 23

Valetta, i. 98
Valparaiso, i. 172, 173
Vancouver: his discoveries, iii. 319
Vancouver Island: Esquimalt; Victoria, i. 163, 165;
Exploring Expedition, 167;
cedar canoes, _ib._;
“Chinook jargon,” _ib._;
Nanaimo, 168
Vandepat, Admiral, anecdotes of, i. 218
Vane, Captain Charles, the pirate, iii. 69;
betrayed by a former friend, and executed, 70
_ Vanguard_ (Nelson’s ship), i. 105; ii. 74
_ Vanguard_, loss of the, i. 33, 63–66; ii. 143
Van Tromp, Admiral, ii. 31
Vasco da Gama: the Cape doubled by him, i. 203;
discovery of Natal, 211;
his first voyage to India, iii. 298;
arrival at Calicut, 299;
second expedition, _ib._;
arrival at, and death in, Cochin China, 300;
portrait, 301
Vasco Nuñez, his discoveries in the Pacific, iii. 314
Vasco Perez de Meira; his siege of Gibraltar, i. 91
Veddahs, wild men of the woods in Ceylon, i. 119
“Vega”: Professor Nordenskjöld’s Arctic voyage, iii. 274
_ Venerable_: mutiny of the Nore, i. 254
Venetian ships, i. 262
Venice, Breakwater at, ii. 188
“Venus’s Flower‐basket,” i. 30, 32
Verne, Jules: “Round the World in Eighty Days,” iv. 2, 5
Verne: citadel of the Verne, Portland, ii. 196, 197
Vernon, Admiral (“Old Grog”), i. 51
“Vesta” (Russian) and “Assari Tefvik” (Turkish) ships: action
between them, i. 27
Victoria (Hong Kong), described by Baron Hübner, iv. 43
Victoria, Vancouver Island, i. 163, 165
Victoria Land discovered by Sir James Ross, iii. 280
_ Victory_: Sir John Ross’s Arctic ship, iii. 186, 225
_ Victory_: Queen Elizabeth’s ship, i. 292
_ Victory_: Nelson’s ship, i. 4–12, 96, 227
Vikings: their galleys, i. 263;
their Arctic voyages, iii. 115
Viking ship discovered at Gokstad, iv. 230
Villeneuve, Admiral of the French fleet at Trafalgar, i. 11
Virgil’s “Æneid,” references to the sea, iv. 291
“Virginia,” “Merrimac,” i. 19
Virginia discovered by Amadas and Barlow, i. 319;
named by Queen Elizabeth, _ib._;
colonisation of, ii. 2
Vogt, on the _Agalma rubra_, iv. 118
Voices of fish, iv. 178
Volante, a carriage in Havana, i. 184
Volcanoes: in the Antarctic region, iii. 280;
in Japan, iv. 47;
in New Zealand, 50;
in the West Indies, i. 186;
volcanic origin of Bermuda, i. 187
Volunteers, Naval, i. 232–234
Voluta, a univalve shell, iv. 141

_ Wager_, Commodore Anson’s ship, ii. 46, 51, 54
“Waisters” in guard ships, i. 45
Walker, Dr. David: “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, iii. 216
“Walnut Shell” boat, for Franklin’s second expedition, iii. 194
Walrus, iii. 146, 157, 166;
early description of it, 130
Walrus meat, iii. 238, 240, 245, 263
Walter, Rev. R., “Anson’s Voyage Round the World,” ii. 46
Warburton, Eliot, “The Crescent and the Cross,” i. 98;
lost in the “Amazon,” ii. 283
_ Warrior_, the first English ironclad, i. 18, 85; ii. 143;
her engine‐room, i. 225, 226
Warwick, the King‐maker: his piracies, i. 276
“Watches” and “dog‐watches,” i. 50
Watt, James: the steam‐engine, ii. 80;
portrait, 97
Waves off the Cape of Good Hope, iv. 89
Webb, Capt. Matthew, his “Art of Swimming,” iv. 258;
his wonderful feats in natation, iv. 258–266;
portrait, 265
Weddell, Captain: voyage to the South Seas, iii. 279
Weever‐fish, iv. 205, 206
Weppner, Margharita: Falls of Niagara, iv. 15;
San Francisco, 30
West Indian Islands, map, iii. 17
West India Naval Station, i. 178
West Indies: the home of the bucaniers, iii. 2
Weymouth’s attempt to discover North‐West Passage, iii. 143
Weyprecht, Lieutenant: Austro‐Hungarian Arctic expedition in the
“Tegethoff,” iii. 271
Whales and whale‐fishing, iv. 179–184;
Northern and Southern whales, 180, 181;
sperm whale, spermaceti, 181, 182;
blubber and oil, 182;
harpooning, 183;
whales in North Pacific, 32
Whalers of Behring Sea, i. 139, 140
Whale Sound, Greenland, iii. 233
Whirlpools: iv. 92, 93, 95
Whitby, iv. 256
White, John, first governor of Virginia, ii. 2
White, Walter: “A Sailor Boy’s Log‐book,” i. 48
Whitehaven attacked by Paul Jones, iii. 72
Whitehead torpedo, ii. 155
“White Star” Line of Steam‐ships, ii. 111
“White Star” Liner crossing the Atlantic, iv. 1
Whitstable oyster beds, iv. 137
Whitworth, Sir Joseph; big guns and armour‐plates, i. 86
Wilkes, Lieut., discovery of South Polar land, iii. 279
Wilkins, Bishop; submarine vessel or “ark,” ii. 148
William the Conqueror’s ships, i. 266
William III.’s Navy, i. 232
Willoughby, Sir Hugh, his disastrous voyage, iii. 122
Wind in the Polar regions, iii. 111
Winds in the Mediterranean, i. 107
Wine for sailors in the French Navy, i. 51
Winstanley, Henry, first Eddystone Lighthouse, ii. 159, 199
Wolf Rock, Land’s End, iv. 210;
Lighthouse, _ib._
Wolves, Sir John Richardson’s adventure with, iii. 189, 190
Woman at Sea, iv. 56–65
Women, Life saved by, iv. 221
Wooden and Iron Ships compared, i. 9, 13;
“The Fleet of the Future: Iron or Wood,” by J. Scott Russell,
F.R.S., 85
Wood, Sir Andrew, of Largo: his victory over English ships, i. 277,
278;
commander of the “Great Michael,” 281
Wood, Rev. J. G.: sea‐weeds, iv. 200, 202
Woodcroft, Bennett, on “Steam Navigation,” ii. 79, 81, 83, 84;
the screw propeller, ii. 104
“Woolpacket,” wreck of the, ii. 224;
hovellers, 251
Worcester, Marquis of; his inventions: torpedoes, ii. 146;
use of steam, ii. 79
Worden, Lieutenant, wounded in the first “Monitor,” i. 24
Worley, Captain, the pirate, hanged, iii. 70
Wrangell: Russian Arctic exploration, iii. 185
Wrecks, Statistics of, i. 3; iv. 285
Wreckers, ii. 304, 310
“Wrecking,” as a profession, ii. 235;
the king’s privileges, 237;
Cœur de Lion and his enactments, _ib._;
the Rôles d’Oleron, _ib._;
false pilots, _ib._;
laws of George II., _ib._;
false lights, 238;
waiting for a wreck, 241;
wreckers at work; murders; actual examples, 239;
wreckers executed, 240;
plunder of the “Inverness,” 241, 244;
police attacked by thousands, 242;
“Bergetta” plundered, 242;
arguments of wreckers, _ib._;
wrecking at the Bahamas, 244;
“hovelling _v._ wrecking,” 245;
moral aspect of “wrecking” 256
Wreck Register of the National Life‐boat Institution, ii. 318
“Wright, G. S.,” telegraph steamer, i. 138, 143

Xavier, Francis: Christianity introduced by him into Japan, i. 129

Yarmouth, iv. 248;
herring fishery, 250;
shipwrecks; loss of the “Osprey,” 249, 250
Yeh, Commissioner: capture of, i. 122
Yellow Sea, i. 122
Yokohama, i. 128, 129, 130; iv. 40
Yorkshire: sketches of the sea‐coast, iv. 251
Young, Captain Allen: cruise of the “Pandora,” iii. 92–98;
“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, 216, 218
Young, Brigham: Mormonism, iv. 2–4
Ysbrants: his voyage of discovery, iii. 129
Yukon river, i. 170

Zeigai Islands in the Red Sea, i. 117
Zeni, The Brothers: their Arctic exploration, iii. 117
Zoology, Marine. (_See_ _Challenger_, Cruise of the.)
Zoophytes, i. 31; iv. 111

FOOTNOTES

1 Mrs. Brassey: “A Voyage in the _Sunbeam_.” Her trip occupied eleven
months.

2 From a rare work in the author’s possession, entitled, “Songs of the
Ship; or the British Seaman’s Jovial and _Everlasting_ Songster.”

3 Margharita Weppner, Author of “The North Star and the Southern
Cross.”

4 “American Notes for General Circulation.”

5 The late Mr. W. S. Lindsay, in his “History of Merchant Shipping,”
stated that Mr. and Mrs. Inman, “greatly to their credit, made a
voyage in one of their earliest emigrant steamers, expressly for the
purpose of ameliorating the discomforts and evils hitherto but too
common in emigrant ships.”

6 Margharita Weppner.

7 “Westward by Rail.”

8 _Vide_ page 18.

9 Pronounced _Kanyon_. The word is of Spanish origin, and signifies a
deep rocky defile.

10 All in the territory, and there are now a large number of miners,
who are not believers in the Mormon faith, are considered outsiders
and “Gentiles.”

11 The highest newspaper offices in the United States, and, it is
hardly to be doubted, in the world, are in Colorado. Georgetown,
8,452 feet elevation, has one; Central City, has two dailies,
published at 8,300 feet above the sea level.

12 Although the railway had remained intact, avalanches had occurred
that winter in the mountain districts of Nevada and Utah,
accompanied by serious loss of life.

13 “A Ramble Round the World.” Translated by Lady Herbert.

14 A. D. Carlisle, B.A., in “Round the World in 1870.”

15 A. W. Guillemard: “Over Land and Sea. A Log of Travel Round the
World in 1873‐4.”

16 E. K. Laird: “The Rambles of a Globe Trotter in Australia, Japan,
China, Java, India, and Cashmere.”

17 This fine vessel while lying at anchor in the roadstead of Yokohama,
on the 24th of August, 1872, was destroyed by fire. In seven minutes
after the first flames were discovered the ship from stem to stern
was one sheet of flame. At the last moment the captain, terribly
burnt, threw himself in the water and was rescued. Three Europeans
and sixty Chinamen were either burnt to death or drowned. The
Chinese, determined not to lose their savings, dawdled a little, and
then threw themselves all together on a ladder, which broke with
their weight. The gold found on their corpses proved that not one
had returned poor from California. It is needless to say that
Hübner’s description of the size of the _America_ is incorrect.

18 “A Voyage in the _Sunbeam_.”

19 Hübner.

20 _Vide_ “Over Land and Sea.”

21 E. K. Laird: “The Rambles of a Globe Trotter.”

22 In “Australia and New Zealand.”

23 In 1872 there were 41,000,000 sheep and 4,340,000 horned cattle in
Australia. The tinned meat and extract works employ a large number
of hands at good wages.

24 Let the reader compare the following verses of Genesis:—“In the six
hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, the seventeenth
day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great
deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.”—Chap. vii.,
verse 11.
“And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the
first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up
from off the earth: and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and
looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was dry.
“And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth day of the
month, was the earth dried.”—Chap. viii., verses 13 and 14.

25 Vol. III., First Series, page 509.

26 This chapter is based on the works of Tennant, Darwin, Gosse,
Figuier, and other authorities.

27 About £48,000.

28 In “The Origin of Species.”

29 The bulk of this chapter is derived from the following works:—“The
Conquest of the Sea,” Siebe; “English Seamen and Divers,” M.
Esquiros; an Article in “The Shipwrecked Mariner,” Vol. XXII.; &c.

30 “Tales of Mystery and Imagination.”

31 This account is mainly derived from the “History of the Atlantic
Telegraph,” by Dr. Henry M. Field; “The Story of Cyrus Field;” and
Dr. Russell’s letters in the _Times_.

32 Leblond: “Voyage aux Antilles.”

33 “A Year by the Sea‐side.”

34 “La Mer.”

35 The popular idea regarding the necessity for the letter _r_ in the
open months for oyster‐eating is tolerably correct in Europe, but
will not apply to all parts of the world.

36 The varied information concerning the oyster contained in this
chapter is mainly derived from Bertram’s “Harvest of the Sea”;
Figuier’s “Ocean World”; and from an interesting little _brochure_
entitled “The Oyster, Where, How, and When to Find;” &c.

37 The ancients masticated their oysters, and did not bolt or gulp them
down. Many distinguished modern authorities agree with them. Dr.
Kitchiner says it must be eaten alive. “The true lover of an
oyster,” says he, “will have some regard for the feelings of his
little favourite, and contrive to detach the fish from the shell so
dexterously that the oyster is hardly conscious he has been ejected
from his lodging till he _feels the teeth_ of the piscivorous
gourmet tickling him to death.”

38 “The Harvest of the Sea.”

39 _Vide_ “The Natural History and Fishery of the Sperm Whale.”

40 In “The World of the Sea.” M. Tandon is commenting on the account
published by M. Sabin Barthelot, then French Consul at the Canary
Islands.

41 This account of the crustaceans is derived from the works of Milne‐
Edwards, Pennant and Bell, Gosse, Couch, Broderip, Rymer Jones and
Major Lord, Figuier and Tandon.

42 Louis Cecil.

43 The contents of this chapter are derived from Dr. Bertram’s “Harvest
of the Sea,” Figuier’s “Ocean World,” Hartwig’s “Sea and its Living
Wonders,” Murphy’s “Rambles in North‐Western America,” &c.

44 The reader interested in further details will do well to peruse J.
Mortimer Murphy’s “Rambles in North‐Western America.”

45 A very stout man, placed where no food is obtainable, will (health
and age being identical) live longer than a lean one. There is a
recorded case of a fat man living nearly sixty days without food.

46 In his “Rambles beyond Railways.”

47 This watcher also receives a percentage on the “take” of fish.

48 The contents of this chapter are derived mainly from the works of
Owen, Beale, Maury, Scammon, Gosse, and Timbs.

49 Formerly, when spermaceti was only used in medicine, many tons of it
were annually thrown into the Thames as useless, the supply being so
much in excess of the demand.

50 From an article entitled “Shipmates I have Known,” in _The
Shipwrecked Mariner_: Journal of the Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society.

51 The bulk of this chapter is derived from Philip Henry Gosse’s
“Naturalist’s Rambles on the Devonshire Coast;” “Tenby: a Seaside
Holiday;” “A Year at the Shore;” the Rev. J. G. Wood’s “Common
Objects of the Sea‐shore;” and Madame de Gasparin’s charming idyl,
“By the Sea‐shore.”

52 “By the Sea‐shore.”

53 The reader may have found in his own experience that a garment which
has been well drenched in salt water will always attract damp,
however much dried by the fire. The only remedy is to thoroughly
wash it in fresh water, and then dry it.

54 This account is mainly derived from Wilkie Collins’s “Rambles beyond
Railways,” and the Rev. C. A. Johns’s “Week at the Lizard.”

55 “A Week at the Lizard.”

56 The writer acknowledges his indebtedness to a series of papers
entitled “Visits to the Sea Coasts,” published in the _Journal of
the Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society_. That noble institution relieved
in 1878‐9 no less than 3,452 shipwrecked persons, by clothing them,
and forwarding them to their homes, and in the case of fishermen,
helping them to repair damage done in gales, &c., to their boats and
fishing‐gear. Seven thousand four hundred and ninety widows of
mariners were relieved during that period, while 2,400 receive small
_annual_ allowances. A Seamen’s Provident Fund is also managed by
the Society, to which 50,000 mariners contributed. During the period
mentioned above ten gold and silver medals, a handsome sextant, and
£25 in money, were awarded for saving fifty‐one lives on the high
seas or abroad. The society also organised the “Royal Alfred Aged
Merchant Seamen’s Institution,” the home of which, at Belvedere,
Kent, shelters about 100 poor mariners, and relieves by an out‐
pension a still larger number. Readers of this work who have been
moved by the many tales of peril and heroism undergone and displayed
by seamen and fishermen, will do well to remember, and remember
practically, this worthy and most economically‐managed society.

57 _United Service Gazette._

58 _United Service Gazette._

59 This account of the loss of the _Grosser Kurfürst_ is condensed from
an article in the _United Service Gazette_.

60 R. M. Ballantyne; “The Floating Light on the Goodwin Sands.”

61 “Visits to the Sea Coasts,” in _The Shipwrecked Mariner_.

62 Sarah Doudney.

63 In a letter to _The Shipwrecked Mariner_, January, 1873.

64 Leander.

“Who was nightly wont
(What maid will not the tale remember?)
To cross thy stream, broad Hellespont!”

65 The feat of swimming across the Dardanelles was also successfully
accomplished by Lieut. Moore and Gunner Mahoney, of H.M.S.
_Shearwater_, on the 25th November, 1872.

66 We are indebted to Captain Webb’s “Art of Swimming,” edited by A. G.
Payne; “The Channel Feats,” &c., by “Dolphin”; the Journals of the
National Life‐Boat Institution and the Shipwrecked Mariners’
Society.

67 It will be remembered that Captain Webb has since remained
respectively _sixty_ and _seventy‐two_ consecutive hours in the
water, with, of course, little attempt at natatory exertion.

68 _United Service Magazine._

69 Edwin Hodder; “Heroes of Britain in Peace and War.”

70 “Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart.,” edited by his son.

71 The _brochure_ which Mr. Reade wrote with the view of raising a fund
for poor Lambert is entitled, “A Hero and a Martyr.” It was printed
mainly for private circulation.

72 _A wean wastit_—a child thrown away.

73 Flood.

74 Tense of the old verb “wend”—to go.

75 Run and squeal.

76 Upset.

77 Fan.

78 These.

79 Those.

80 The scale of relief to members, their widows, orphans, or parents
(when dependent) is as liberal as one could expect. A fisherman or
mariner receives compensation for loss of boat or clothes; a widow
with two children may obtain as much as £19 2s. 6d.; and with four
children, £25 10s.

81 Extract from address of H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh at annual
meeting.

82 “English Seamen and Divers.”

83 Condensed from an article by W. Senior in the _Shipwrecked Mariner_.

84 The most powerful fog‐horns introduced into this country are those
known as the Siren signals, which are illustrated in our plate. This
name is given to them on account of the sound being “produced by
means of a disc, with twelve radial slits, being made to rotate in
front of a fixed disc exactly similar. The moving disc revolves
2,800 times a minute, and in each revolution there are, of course,
twelve coincidences between the two discs; through the openings thus
made steam or air at high pressure is allowed to pass, so that there
are actually twelve times 2,800 (or 33,600) puffs of steam or
compressed air every minute. This causes a sound of very great
power, which the cast‐iron trumpet, twenty feet in length,
compresses to a certain extent, and the blast goes out as a sort of
sound‐beam in the direction required.” The Siren, which was
originally designed in New York, and was first adopted by the
American Lighthouse Board, can be heard in all kinds of weather at
from two‐and‐a‐half to three miles, and on favourable occasions at
as many as sixteen miles out at sea.

85 Francis Quarles.

86 “Virgil’s Sea Descriptions,” _Cornhill Magazine_, October, 1874.

87 Bermudas.

88 Let Shakespearian students note the allusions to piracy contained in
the following references:—_Twelfth Night_, Act V. scene 1; _Measure
for Measure_, I. 2, and IV. 3; _Merchant of Venice_, I. 3; Second
Part of _Henry VI._, IV. 1, 9; _Richard III._, I. 3; _Antony and
Cleopatra_, I. 4, II. 6; _Pericles_, IV. 2, 3–V. 1; _Hamlet_, IV. 6.

89 Pillaged.

90 Wanton.

91 The father, Charles Dibdin, and his two sons, one of the latter of
whom was the author of the popular “All’s Well.” Many popular sea‐
songs, written by others during the epoch of the Dibdins and later,
are, however, very commonly but erroneously placed to their credit.
Among those often ascribed to them are the following, really written
by the subjoined authors:—“The Death of Nelson” (S. J. Arnold), “The
Bay of Biscay” (Andrew Cherry), “Rule, Britannia” (J. Thompson),
“The Saucy Arethusa” (Prince Hoare), “The Storm” (“Cease, rude
Boreas”: G. A. Stevens), “The Sailor’s Consolation” (“One night came
on a hurricane”: W. Pitt), “Ye Mariners of England” (Thomas
Campbell), “Ye Gentlemen of England” (Martin Parker). The well‐known
song “William and Susan,” in the nautical drama “Black‐eyed Susan,”
is in like manner sometimes attributed to Douglas Jerrold, the real
author of the ever‐verdant play, but the ballad itself was written
by Thomas Gay.

92 The reader not familiar with the poetical works of this authoress is
recommended to peruse “’Tis a Wild Night at Sea” and “The Rover’s
Death.”

93 The _Cornhill Magazine_, March, 1871.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs and are near the text they illustrate.

An illustration which was missing from the List of Illustrations has been added to it.

The following changes have been made to the text:

page iii, dash added after “Soaped Rails”
page iv, dash added after “The First Idea of the Atlantic Cable” and
after “The Employment of the _Great Eastern_”
page vi, dash added after “Bold and Timid Lads” and after “The ‘True
Ring’”
page 11, quote mark added after “petulantly.”
page 38, double “the” removed before “captain”
page 66, quote mark added before “I saw”
page 74, quote mark removed after “breadth.”
page 90, “suphuretted” changed to “sulphuretted”
page 91, period added after “hour”
page 133, dash removed after “that” and added before it
page 134, second quote mark added before “That”, “The oysters” and
“True,”
page 153, comma removed after “lucky”
page 165, quote mark added after “stage.”
page 256, quote mark removed before “If”
page 299, quote mark removed before “Rover’s”
page 303, quote mark added before “new departure”
page 304, quote mark added after “sea.”
page 308, “vovage” changed to “voyage”
page 310, “Fiskernœs” changed to “Fiskernæs”

Additionally, the punctuation in the General Index has been regularized in several places.

Differences between the table of contents and the chapter summaries have not been corrected. Neither have variations in hyphenation been normalized.