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The Southern South

Chapter XXVII: Moral Remedies (2)

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----------------+--------------------------------+----------+
| |All Banks.|
| NATIONAL BANKS, 1865. | 1896. |
| |Deposits. |
+----+--------+---------+--------+ |
| No.|Capital.|Deposits.| Assets.| |
----------------+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+
1 Colorado | 1| 200 | 162 | 427 | 29,967 |
2 Indiana | 70| 12,260 | 10,526 | 33,259 | 52,386 |
3 Indian Terr. | 0| ... | ... | ... | 704 |
4 Iowa | 36| 3,196 | 5,110 | 11,128 | 78,440 |
5 Kansas | 2| 200 | 2,479 | 2,910 | 30,529 |
6 Michigan | 35| 4,148 | 4,307 | 11,665 | 103,671 |
7 Minnesota | 11| 1,345 | 1,894 | 4,582 | 68,494 |
8 Nebraska | 2| 115 | 337 | 525 | 30,866 |
9 North Dakota | 0| ... | ... | ... | 7,032 |
10 Oklahoma | 0| ... | ... | ... | 756 |
11 South Dakota | 0| ... | ... | ... | 7,217 |
12 Utah | 0| ... | ... | ... | 6,366 |
13 Wisconsin | 34| 200 | 262 | 463 | 68,864 |
+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+
Total | 191| 21,664 | 25,077 | 64,959 | 485,292 |
+====+========+=========+========+==========+
14 California | 0| ... | ... | ... | 202,874 |
15 Idaho | 0| ... | ... | ... | 1,969 |
16 Montana | 0| ... | ... | ... | 16,801 |
17 Oregon | 0| ... | ... | ... | 9,262 |
18 Vermont | 27| 4,863 | 1,019 | 10,384 | 40,572 |
19 Washington | 0| ... | ... | ... | 9,229 |
+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+
Total | 27| 4,863 | 1,019 | 10,384 | 280,707 |
+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+
Double Total | 218| 26,527 | 26,096 | 75,343 | 765,999 |
+====+========+=========+========+==========+
20 Arizona | 0| ... | ... | ... | 1,548 |
21 Illinois | 76| 10,715 | 15,783 | 39,812 | 213,799 |
22 Nevada | 0| ... | ... | ... | 580 |
23 New Mexico | 0| ... | ... | ... | 2,311 |
24 New Hampshire| 38| 4,635 | 1,390 | 10,814 | 71,922 |
25 Wyoming | 0| ... | ... | ... | 2,651 |
26 West Virginia| 12| 1,652 | 2,325 | 4,807 | 17,746 |
+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+
Total | 126| 17,002 | 19,498 | 55,433 | 310,557 |
+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+
Grand Total | 344| 43,529 | 45,594 |130,776 |1,076,556 |
----------------+----+--------+---------+--------+----------+

---------------+----------------------------------+----------------------
| NATIONAL BANKS, 1905. | ALL BANKS, 1906.
+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
| No. |Capital.|Deposits.| Assets.| DEPS. |Clearings.
---------------+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
1 Colorado | 74| 7,093| 66,618| 102,970| 93,243| 399,242
2 Indiana | 197| 20,551| 91,727| 160,193| 203,333| 511,813
3 Indian Terr. | 133| 5,629| 11,657| 24,059| 15,529| ...
4 Iowa | 281| 17,665| 69,709| 134,197| 262,176| 308,990
5 Kansas | 171| 10,313| 50,236| 84,155| 118,269| 99,533
6 Michigan | 88| 12,720| 74,719| 115,736| 278,579| 830,735
7 Minnesota | 229| 18,606| 83,491| 145,250| 179,699| 1,374,158
8 Nebraska | 159| 10,885| 56,822| 106,743| 114,645| 524,947
9 North Dakota | 97| 3,498| 14,519| 22,396| 35,416| 27,935
10 Oklahoma | 98| 3,780| 12,822| 21,881| 26,985| ...
11 South Dakota| 72| 2,790| 13,752| 20,510| 41,982| 18,554
12 Utah | 17| 1,948| 10,758| 18,392| 38,331| 267,961
13 Wisconsin | 115| 13,585| 85,736| 124,241| 189,181| 476,709
+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Total |1,731| 129,063| 642,566|1,080,723| 1,597,368| 4,840,677
+=====+========+=========+=========+==========+===========
14 California | 95| 23,065| 92,111| 181,699| 593,979| 2,506,729
15 Idaho | 27| 1,275| 8,282| 11,392| 19,194| ...
16 Montana | 29| 2,895| 18,855| 27,005| 37,663| 42,113
17 Oregon | 43| 3,160| 24,285| 38,193| 34,535| 259,704
18 Vermont | 50| 5,935| 12,796| 27,362| 65,240| ...
19 Washington | 36| 4,013| 36,100| 51,225| 91,309| 843,145
+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Total | 280| 40,343| 192,429| 336,876| 841,920| 3,651,691
+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Double Total|2,011| 169,406| 834,995|1,417,599| 2,439,288| 8,492,268
+=====+========+=========+=========+==========+===========
20 Arizona | 13| 705| 4,319| 6,247| 13,708| ...
21 Illinois | 346| 48,709| 276,382| 572,972| 714,421| 11,174,325
22 Nevada | 4| 407| 1,333| 2,136| 5,813| ...
23 New Mexico | 23| 1,342| 7,194| 11,012| 10,782| ...
24 New | | | | | |
Hampshire | 55| 5,330| 15,307| 31,044| 93,083| ...
25 Wyoming | 19| 1,085| 6,630| 9,498| 11,620| ...
26 West | | | | | |
Virginia | 79| 6,604| 24,848| 43,079| 76,465| 50,918
+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Total | 539| 64,182| 336,013| 675,988| 925,892| 11,225,243
+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Grand Total |2,550| 233,588|1,171,008|2,093,587| 3,365,180| 19,717,511
---------------+-----+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------

COMPARATIVE MANUFACTURES (1905)

SOUTHERN GROUPS

(_Money Values in Thousands of Dollars_)

Column heading:

No.: No. of Establishments

----------------+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------
| No. | Wage |Capital. | Annual | Cost of |Value of
| |Earners.| | Wages. | Material.|Products.
----------------+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------
1 Alabama | 1,882| 62,173| 105,383| 21,878| 60,458| 109,170
2 Arkansas | 1,907| 33,089| 46,306| 14,544| 21,799| 53,864
3 Florida | 1,413| 42,091| 32,972| 15,767| 16,532| 50,298
4 Georgia | 3,219| 92,749| 135,212| 27,392| 83,625| 151,040
5 Louisiana | 2,091| 55,859| 150,811| 25,316| 117,035| 186,380
6 Mississippi | 1,520| 38,690| 50,256| 14,819| 25,801| 57,451
7 North Carolina| 3,272| 85,339| 141,001| 21,375| 79,268| 142,521
8 South Carolina| 1,399| 59,441| 113,422| 13,869| 49,969| 79,376
9 Tennessee | 3,175| 60,572| 102,439| 22,806| 79,352| 137,960
10 Virginia | 3,187| 80,285| 147,989| 27,943| 83,649| 148,856
| | | | | |
+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Total 10 | | | | | |
States | 23,065| 610,288|1,025,791| 205,709| 617,488|1,116,916
| | | | | |
11 Texas | 3,158| 49,066| 115,665| 24,469| 91,604| 150,528
| | | | | |
+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Total, 11 | | | | | |
Seceding | | | | | |
States | 26,223| 659,354|1,141,456| 230,178| 709,092|1,267,444
+=======+========+=========+========+==========+=========
12 Delaware | 631| 18,475| 50,926| 8,158| 24,884| 41,160
13 Dist. | | | | | |
of Columbia | 482| 6,299| 20,200| 3,658| 7,732| 18,359
14 Kentucky | 3,734| 59,794| 147,282| 24,439| 86,545| 159,754
15 Maryland | 3,852| 94,174| 201,878| 36,144| 150,024| 243,376
16 Missouri | 6,464| 133,167| 379,369| 66,644| 252,258| 439,549
| | | | | |
+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Total Border| | | | | |
States | 15,163| 311,909| 799,655| 139,043| 521,443| 902,198
+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Whole South | 41,386| 971,263|1,941,111| 369,221| 1,230,535|2,169,642
----------------+-------+--------+---------+--------+----------+---------

COMPARATIVE MANUFACTURES (1905)

EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

(_Money Values in Thousands of Dollars_)

Column heading:

No.: No. of Establishments

----------------+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
| No. | Wage | Annual |Capital.| Cost of |Value of
| | Earners.| Wages. | | Material.|Products.
----------------+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
1 Colorado | 1,606| 21,813| 107,664| 15,100| 63,114| 100,144
2 Indiana | 7,044| 154,174| 312,071| 72,056| 220,507| 393,954
3 Indian Terr. | 466| 2,257| 5,016| 1,114| 4,849| 7,909
4 Iowa | 4,785| 49,451| 111,427| 22,997| 102,844| 160,572
5 Kansas | 2,475| 35,570| 88,680| 18,883| 156,510| 198,245
6 Michigan | 7,446| 175,229| 337,894| 81,279| 230,081| 429,120
7 Minnesota | 4,756| 69,636| 184,903| 35,843| 210,554| 307,858
8 Nebraska | 1,819| 20,260| 80,235| 11,022| 124,052| 154,918
9 North Dakota | 507| 1,755| 5,704| 1,031| 7,096| 10,218
10 Oklahoma | 657| 3,199| 11,108| 1,655| 11,545| 16,550
11 South Dakota | 686| 2,492| 7,585| 1,422| 8,697| 13,085
12 Utah | 606| 8,052| 26,004| 5,157| 24,940| 38,926
13 Wisconsin | 8,558| 151,391| 412,647| 71,472| 227,255| 411,140
+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Total |41,411| 695,279|1,690,938| 339,023| 1,392,044|2,242,639
+======+=========+=========+========+==========+=========
14 California | 6,839| 100,355| 282,647| 64,657| 215,726| 367,218
15 Idaho | 364| 3,061| 9,689| 2,059| 4,069| 8,769
16 Montana | 382| 8,957| 52,590| 8,652| 40,930| 66,415
17 Oregon | 1,602| 18,523| 44,024| 11,444| 30,597| 55,525
18 Vermont | 1,699| 33,106| 62,659| 15,221| 32,430| 63,054
19 Washington | 2,751| 45,199| 96,953| 30,087| 66,166| 128,522
+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Total |13,637| 209,201| 548,562| 132,120| 389,918| 689,833
+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Double Total |55,048| 904,480|2,239,500| 471,143| 1,781,962|2,932,472
+======+=========+=========+========+==========+=========
20 Arizona | 169| 4,793| 14,396| 3,969| 14,595| 28,083
21 Illinois |14,921| 379,436| 975,845| 208,405| 840,057|1,410,342
22 Nevada | 115| 802| 2,892| 693| 1,628| 3,096
23 New Mexico | 199| 3,478| 4,638| 2,153| 2,236| 5,706
24 New Hampshire| 1,618| 65,366| 109,495| 27,693| 73,216| 123,611
25 Wyoming | 169| 1,834| 2,696| 1,261| 1,301| 3,523
26 West Virginia| 2,109| 43,758| 86,821| 21,153| 54,419| 99,041
+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Total |19,300| 499,467|1,196,783| 265,327| 987,452|1,673,402
+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------
Grand Total |74,348|1,403,947|3,436,283| 736,470| 2,769,414|4,605,874
----------------+------+---------+---------+--------+----------+---------

COMPARATIVE CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS (1904-1905)--SOUTHERN GROUPS

-----------------+-----------+-------------------+----------------------+
| | PRISONERS | INSANE IN HOSPITALS |
|Delinquents| (June 30, 1904). | (Jan. 1, 1905). |
| (June 30, +-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 1904). |White|Negro |Total | White | Negro| Total |
-----------------+-----------+-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+
1 Alabama | 37 | 270| 1,798| 2,068| 1,222| 490| 1,712|
2 Arkansas | ... | 251| 632| 884| 56| 107| 669|
3 Florida | 31 | 140| 1,094| 1,234| 457| 283| 740|
4 Georgia | 99 | 544| 2,029| 2,579| 2,049| 915| 2,964|
5 Louisiana | 36 | 325| 1,355| 1,680| 1,122| 467| 1,589|
6 Mississippi | ... | 114| 1,122| 1,238| 981| 598| 1,579|
7 North Carolina | ... | 269| 912| 1,185| 1,532| 545| 2,077|
8 South Carolina | ... | 142| 903| 1,045| 709| 498| 1,207|
9 Tennessee | 246 | 600| 1,397| 1,997| 1,457| 336| 1,793|
10 Virginia | 279 | 401| 1,494| 1,895| 2,239| 1,200| 3,439|
| | | | | | | |
+-----------+-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+
Total 10 States| 728 |3,056|12,736|15,805| 12,330| 5,439| 17,769|
11 Texas | ... |1,835| 2,667| 4,504| 3,081 | 401| 3,482|
| | | | | | | |
Total +-----------+-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+
Seceding States| 728 |4,891|15,403|20,309| 15,411| 5,840| 21,251|
+===========+=====+======+======+=======+======+=======+
| | | | | | | |
12 Delaware | 98 | 66| 94| 160| 288| 78| 366|
13 District of | | | | | | | |
Columbia | 405 | 12| 34| 46| 2,074| 517| 2,591|
14 Kentucky | 301 | 923| 1,298| 2,221| 2,632| 508| 3,140|
15 Maryland | 1,070 | 750| 1,117| 1,867| 2,189| 325| 2,514|
16 Missouri | 670 |1,752| 1,040| 2,793| 4,923| 273| 5,196|
+-----------+-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+
Total | | | | | | | |
Border States | 2,544 |3,503| 3,583| 7,087| 12,106| 1,701| 13,807|
+-----------+-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+
Total South | 3,272 |8,394|18,986|27,396| 27,517| 7,541| 35,058|
-----------------+-----------+-----+------+------+-------+------+-------+

------------------+------------------------
| PAUPERS
| (Jan. 1, 1905).
|
+--------+------+--------
| White | Negro| Total
------------------+--------+------+--------
1 Alabama | 414| 357| 771
2 Arkansas | 476| 167| 643
3 Florida | 80| 70| 150
4 Georgia | 602| 407| 1,009
5 Louisiana | 149| 14| 163
6 Mississippi | 223| 280| 503
7 North Carolina | 981| 578| 1,559
8 South Carolina | 415| 289| 704
9 Tennessee | 1,343| 641| 1,984
10 Virginia | 1,112| 883| 1,995
| | |
+--------+------+--------
Total 10 States| 5,795| 3,686| 9,481
11 Texas | 742| 221| 963
| | |
+--------+------+--------
Total | | |
Seceding States| 6,537| 3,907| 10,444
+========+======+========
| | |
12 Delaware | 229| 63| 292
13 District of | | |
Columbia | 90| 160| 250
14 Kentucky | 1,396| 306| 1,702
15 Maryland | 1,325| 405| 1,730
16 Missouri | 2,257| 244| 2,501
| | |
+--------+------+--------
Total | | |
Border States | 5,297| 1,178| 6,475
+--------+------+--------
Total South | 11,834| 5,085| 16,919
------------------+--------+------+--------

COMPARATIVE CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS (1904-1905)--EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

----------------+-------------+----------------------+
| | PRISONERS |
| Juvenile | (June 30, 1904). |
|Delinquents, +-------+------+-------+
| June 30, | White.|Black.| Total.|
| 1904. | | | |
----------------+-------------+-------+------+-------+
1 Colorado | 288 | 901| 120| 1,022|
2 Indiana | 872 | 1,719| 419| 2,138|
3 Indian | | | | |
Territory | ... | ...| ...| ...|
4 Iowa | 714 | 1,131| 122| 1,255|
5 Kansas | 372 | 1,918| 801| 2,876|
6 Michigan | 1,114 | 1,857| 124| 1,995|
7 Minnesota | 360 | 995| 59| 1,067|
8 Nebraska | 164 | 430| 85| 519|
9 North | | | | |
Dakota | 39 | 198| 5| 203|
10 Oklahoma | ... | 21| ...| 22|
11 South | | | | |
Dakota | 65 | 217| 9| 245|
12 Utah | 79 | 212| 11| 223|
13 Wisconsin | 543 | 1,311| 32| 1,366|
+-------------+-------+------+-------+
Total | 4,610 | 10,910| 1,787| 12,931|
+=============+=======+======+=======+
14 California | 474 | 3,036| 165| 3,355|
15 Idaho | ... | 183| 8| 196|
16 Montana | 78 | 519| 38| 571|
17 Oregon | 93 | 360| 21| 399|
18 Vermont | 137 | 262| 12| 274|
19 Washington | 158 | 841| 37| 911|
+-------------+-------+------+-------+
Total | 940 | 5,201| 281| 5,706|
+-------------+-------+------+-------+
Double Total | 5,550 | 16,111| 2,068| 18,637|
+=============+=======+======+=======+
20 Arizona | 31 | 289| 13| 318|
21 Illinois | 1,386 | 2,550| 629| 3,180|
22 Nevada | ... | 99| 5| 129|
23 New Mexico | ... | 236| 15| 265|
24 Wyoming | ... | 195| 26| 230|
25 New | | | | |
Hampshire | 181 | 411| 5| 416|
26 West | | | | |
Virginia | 314 | 535| 604| 1,139|
+-------------+-------+------+-------+
Total | 1,912 | 4,315| 1,297| 5,677|
+-------------+-------+------+-------+
Grand Total | 7,462 | 20,426| 3,365| 24,314|
----------------+-------------+-------+------+-------+

----------------+----------------------+----------------------
| INSANE IN HOSPITALS | PAUPERS
| (Jan. 1, 1905). | (Jan. 1, 1905).
+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
| White.|Black.| Total.| White.|Black.| Total.
| | [1]| | | [1]|
----------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
1 Colorado | 880| 31| 911| 452| 10 | 462
2 Indiana | 4,324| 125| 4,449| 3,206| 129 | 3,335
3 Indian | | | | | |
Territory | ...| ...| ...| ...| ... | ...
4 Iowa | 4,603| 60| 4,663| 2,055| 41 | 2,096
5 Kansas | 2,539| 121| 2,660| 693| 93 | 786
6 Michigan | 5,483| 81| 5,564| 2,796| 57 | 2,853
7 Minnesota | 4,263| 14| 4,277| 557| 8 | 565
8 Nebraska | 1,592| 16| 1,608| 477| 10 | 487
9 North | | | | | |
Dakota | 473| 4| 477| 233| 3 | 236
10 Oklahoma | 394| 19| 413| 58| 4 | 62
11 South | | | | | |
Dakota | 591| 31| 622| 161| 3 | 164
12 Utah | 373| 3| 376| 184| 3 | 187
13 Wisconsin | 5,024| 25| 5,049| 1,707| 6 | 1,713
+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
Total | 30,539| 530| 31,069| 12,579| 367 | 12,946
+=======+======+=======+=======+======+=======
14 California | 5,705| 305| 6,010| 4,156| 136 | 4,292
15 Idaho | 277| 3| 280| 111| 1 | 112
16 Montana | 563| 16| 579| 420| 9 | 429
17 Oregon | 1,276| 47| 1,323| 378| 11 | 389
18 Vermont | 883| 2| 885| 414| 11 | 425
19 Washington | 1,420| 27| 1,447| 311| 7 | 318
+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
Total | 10,124| 400| 10,524| 5,790| 175 | 5,965
+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
Double Total | 40,663| 930| 41,593| 18,369| 542 | 18,911
+=======+======+=======+=======+======+=======
20 Arizona | 258| 12| 270| 180| 11 | 191
21 Illinois | 10,184| 264| 10,448| 5,238| 149 | 5,387
22 Nevada | 175| 11| 186| 162| 4 | 166
23 New Mexico | 112| 1| 113| ...| ... | ...
24 Wyoming | 104| 3| 107| ...| ... | ...
25 New | | | | | |
Hampshire | 608| 2| 610| 1,064| 12 | 1,076
26 West | | | | | |
Virginia | 1,417| 86| 1,503| 846| 115 | 961
+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
Total | 12,858| 379| 13,237| 7,490| 291 | 7,781
+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------
Grand Total | 53,521| 1,309| 54,830| 25,859| 833 | 26,692
----------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+-------

[1] Not possible for figures of Jan. 1, 1905, to distinguish between
blacks and other colored insane and paupers; not important except in
California where on Dec. 31, 1903, there were 218 Mongolian insane.

COMPARATIVE COMMON SCHOOL EDUCATION (1905)--SOUTHERN GROUPS

Key:

POP: Estimated Population [thousands].
ESP: Estimated School Population [thousands].
NPR: Number Pupils Enrolled [thousands].
NPA: Number Pupils Attending [thousands].
ADS: Average Days of School
NUM: Number
AVS: Average Monthly Salary.
VSP: Value of School Property [thousands].
ANR: Annual Revenue [thousands].
RPP: Revenue per Person of School Age.
ANO: Annual Outgo [thousands].
OAA: Outgo per Average Attendance.
OPV: Outgo per $10,000 Actual Property.

-----------------+------+-----+-----------+----+-----------+------+
| | |ENROLLMENT | | TEACHERS. | |
| | | AND | | | |
| | |ATTENDANCE.| | | |
| | +-----+-----+ +-------+---+ |
| POP | ESP | NPR | NPA | ADS| NUM |AVS| VSP |
-----------------+------+-----+-----+-----+----+-------+---+------+
1 Alabama | 1,986| 663| 400| 210| 103| 5,400| 28| 2,200|
2 Arkansas | 1,403| 474| 336| 207| 88| 7,826| 40| 3,171|
3 Florida | 613| 185| 123| 84| 108| 2,925| 38| 1,290|
4 Georgia | 2,406| 803| 499| 311| 118| 10,360| 34| 4,010|
5 Louisiana | 1,513| 493| 210| 146| 130| 4,680| 40| 3,660|
6 Mississippi | 1,682| 572| 404| 233| 123| 8,922| 31| 2,190|
7 North Carolina| 2,032| 676| 474| 280| 95| 9,687| 31| 3,183|
8 South Carolina| 1,435| 497| 303| 200| 106| 6,059| 30| 2,000|
9 Tennessee | 2,147| 687| 508| 349| 113| 9,784| 36| 5,172|
10 Virginia | 1,953| 618| 362| 215| 128| 9,072| 29| 4,298|
+------+-----+-----+-----+----+-------+---+------+
Total 10 | | | | | | | | |
States |17,170|5,668|3,619|2,235| ...| 74,715|...|31,174|
| | | | | | | | |
11 Texas | 3,455|1,156| 756| 502| 112| 17,116| 53|11,897|
+------+-----+-----+-----+----+-------+---+------+
Total Seceding| | | | | | | | |
States |20,625|6,824|4,375|2,737| ...| 91,831|...|43,071|
+======+=====+=====+=====+====+=======+===+======+
12 Delaware | 193| 51| 37| 25| 170| 897| 40| 1,627|
13 Dist. of | | | | | | | | |
Columbia | 303| 66| 51| 41| 181| 1,478| 64| 5,816|
14 Kentucky | 2,291| 709| 501| 310| 90| 10,449| 44| 6,118|
15 Maryland | 1,261| 352| 227| 140| 192| 5,150| 47| 4,790|
16 Missouri | 3,320| 978| 729| 471| 152| 17,385| 47|22,593|
+------+-----+-----+-----+----+-------+---+------+
Total Border | | | | | | | | |
States | 7,368|2,156|1,545| 987| ...| 35,359|...|40,944|
+------+-----+-----+-----+----+-------+---+------+
Total South |27,993|8,980|5,920|3,724| ...|127,190|...|84,015|
-----------------+------+-----+-----+-----+----+-------+---+------+

--------------------+--------------+-----------------------
| REVENUE. | EXPENDITURE.
+-------+------+-------+-------+-------
| ANR | RPP | ANO | OAA | OPV
--------------------+-------+------+-------+-------+-------
1 Alabama | 1,589| 2.39| 1,475| 7.03| 13.0
2 Arkansas | 2,042| 4.31| 1,955| 9.43| 21.5
3 Florida | 946| 5.20| 945| 11.30| 21.9
4 Georgia | 2,397| 3.03| 2,328| 7.47| 19.2
5 Louisiana | 2,219| 4.51| 2,169| 14.83| 15.0
6 Mississippi | 1,859| 3.35| 1,869| 8.01| 27.1
7 North Carolina | 1,881| 2.78| 1,936| 6.90| 24.6
8 South Carolina | 1,310| 2.64| 1,305| 6.51| 20.3
9 Tennessee | 3,102| 4.52| 2,933| 8.41| 23.6
10 Virginia | 2,432| 3.94| 2,378| 11.05| 16.6
+-------+------+-------+-------+-------
Total 10 | | | | |
States | 19,777| ...| 19,293| ...| ...
| | | | |
11 Texas | 6,406| 5.54| 6,400| 12.76| 21.9
+-------+------+-------+-------+-------
Total Seceding | | | | |
States | 26,183| ...| 25,693| ...| ...
+=======+======+=======+=======+=======
12 Delaware | 499| 9.75| 540| 17.93| 21.4
13 Dist. of | | | | |
Columbia | 1,680| 25.54| 1,676| 41.28| 15.1
14 Kentucky | 2,723| 3.94| 2,663| 8.59| 17.4
15 Maryland | 3,163| 8.99| 2,961| 21.32| 18.2
16 Missouri | 10,330| 10.56| 10,102| 21.46| 26.3
+-------+------+-------+-------+-------
Total Border | | | | |
States | 18,395| ...| 17,942| ...| ...
+-------+------+-------+-------+-------
Total South | 44,578| ...| 43,635| ...| ...
--------------------+-------+------+-------+-------+-------

COMPARATIVE COMMON SCHOOL EDUCATION (1905)--EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

Column headings:

EP: Estimated Population [thousands].
ESP: Estimated School Population [thousands].
NPE: Number Pupils Enrolled [thousands].
APA: Average Number Pupils Attending [thousands].
ADS: Average Days of School.
AMS: Average Monthly Salary.
VSP: Value of School Property [thousands].
AR: Annual Revenue [thousands].
RP: Revenue per Person of School Age.
AO: Annual Outgo [thousands].
OAA: Outgo per Average Attendance.
OAP: Outgo per $10,000 Actual Property.

-------------------+-------+------+-------------+----+------------+
| | | ENROLLMENT | | |
| EP | ESP | AND | ADS| TEACHERS. |
| | | ATTENDANCE. | | |
| | +------+------+ +--------+---+
| | | NPE | APA | | Number.|AMS|
-------------------+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+
1 Colorado | 603| 149| 138| 92| 158| 4,454| 47|
2 Indiana | 2,678| 741| 550| 416| 160| 16,495| 54|
3 Indian Territory| 498| 170| 48| 28| 115| 1,325| 44|
4 Iowa | 2,210| 681| 540| 376| 160| 29,619| 38|
5 Kansas | 1,546| 470| 382| 264| 145| 12,036| 42|
6 Michigan | 2,557| 692| 521| 408| 168| 16,823| 45|
7 Minnesota | 1,980| 579| 430| 281| 161| 13,320| 44|
8 Nebraska | 1,068| 322| 279| 185| 170| 9,680| 44|
9 North Dakota | 440| 115| 107| 68| 141| 5,714| 44|
10 Oklahoma | 558| 175| 158| 90| 104| 3,687| 37|
11 South Dakota | 455| 132| 109| 75| 140| 5,150| 38|
12 Utah | 310| 101| 76| 56| 153| 1,718| 62|
13 Wisconsin | 2,229| 670| 465| 291| 169| 14,004| 38|
+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+
Total | 17,132| 4,997| 3,803| 2,630| ...| 134,025|...|
+=======+======+======+======+====+========+===+
14 California | 1,621| 370| 315| 239| 170| 9,026| 67|
15 Idaho | 198| 57| 57| 41| 136| 1,547| 58|
16 Montana | 294| 65| 45| 31| 107| 1,268| 56|
17 Oregon | 465| 122| 108| 78| 158| 4,022| 45|
18 Vermont | 349| 82| 67| 48| 157| 3,417| 32|
19 Washington | 599| 151| 170| 119| 167| 5,179| 55|
+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+
Total | 3,526| 847| 762| 556| ...| 24,459|...|
+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+
Double Total | 20,658| 5,844| 4,565| 3,186| ...| 158,484|...|
+=======+======+======+======+====+========+===+
20 Arizona | 140| 36| 22| 14| 135| 538| 76|
21 Illinois | 5,319| 1,456| 985| 812| 169| 27,860| 60|
22 Nevada | 42| 9| 7| 5| 159| 357| 68|
23 New Mexico | 213| 65| 38| 26| 114| 828| 54|
24 New Hampshire | 429| 93| 78| 50| 152| 2,416| 36|
25 Wyoming | 102| 26| 18| 12| 140| 728| 51|
26 West Virginia | 1,057| 326| 248| 163| 123| 7,636| 35|
+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+
Total | 7,302| 2,011| 1,396| 1,082| ...| 40,363|...|
+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+
Grand Total | 27,960| 7,855| 5,961| 4,268| ...| 198,847|...|
-------------------+-------+------+------+------+----+--------+---+

-------------------+--------+---------------+---------------------
| | |
| VSP | REVENUE. | EXPENDITURE.
| | |
| +--------+------+--------+------+-----
| | AR | RP | AO | OAA | OAP
-------------------+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----
1 Colorado | 10,265| 4,172| 28.62| 3,985| 41.89| 33.0
2 Indiana | 29,059| 11,927| 16.09| 11,501| 27.67| 30.1
3 Indian Territory| 750| 643| 3.78| 715| 25.10| 14.0
4 Iowa | 23,305| 11,195| 16.43| 10,316| 27.47| 26.4
5 Kansas | 10,525| 5,506| 11.72| 5,830| 22.08| 25.2
6 Michigan | 25,963| 9,760| 14.11| 9,630| 23.60| 27.9
7 Minnesota | 22,018| 9,163| 15.82| 8,470| 30.19| 24.1
8 Nebraska | 11,309| 5,218| 16.29| 5,304| 28.64| 23.8
9 North Dakota | 4,334| 2,435| 21.21| 2,530| 37.27| 31.5
10 Oklahoma | 2,123| 1,429| 8.17| 1,488| 16.49| 21.4
11 South Dakota | 4,550| 2,341| 17.67| 2,380| 31.61| 32.9
12 Utah | 3,538| 1,655| 16.76| 1,657| 29.50| 34.0
13 Wisconsin | 16,575| 8,531| 12.74| 8,240| 28.34| 27.8
+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----
Total | 164,314| 73,975| ...| 72,046| ...| ...
+========+========+======+========+======+=====
14 California | 27,551| 9,271| 25.05| 9,771| 40.80| 22.8
15 Idaho | 1,892| 914| 16.09| 912| 22.39| 29.1
16 Montana | 4,832| 1,278| 20.68| 1,236| 39.28| 16.6
17 Oregon | 4,671| 2,013| 16.57| 2,052| 26.27| 21.2
18 Vermont | 2,964| 1,290| 15.80| 1,324| 27.39| 32.6
19 Washington | 9,808| 3,648| 24.10| 3,220| 27.09| 38.6
+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----
Total | 51,718| 18,414| ...| 18,515| ...| ...
+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----
Double Total | 216,032| 92,389| ...| 90,561| ...| ...
+========+========+======+========+======+=====
20 Arizona | 900| 438| 12.08| 457| 32.67| 14.3
21 Illinois | 64,555| 22,670| 15.59| 22,823| 28.11| 24.7
22 Nevada | 270| 271| 30.04| 258| 49.69| 11.7
23 New Mexico | 801| 368| 5.64| 362| 14.09| 10.6
24 New Hampshire | 4,493| 1,360| 14.69| 1,557| 31.22| 26.6
25 Wyoming | 454| 366| 14.27| 388| 31.78| 9.0
26 West Virginia | 5,811| 2,744| 8.42| 2,767| 16.97| 30.1
+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----
Total | 77,284| 28,217| ...| 28,612| ...| ...
+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----
Grand Total | 293,316| 120,606| ...| 119,173| ...| ...
-------------------+--------+--------+------+--------+------+-----

COMPARATIVE COMMON SCHOOL EDUCATION (1907)

SOUTHERN GROUPS

Key:

PAA: Pupils Average Attendance [thousands].
VSP: Value of School Property [thousands].
ANR: Annual Revenue [thousands].
ANE: Annual Expenditure [thousands].

--------------------+--------+------+--------------------------
| | | FINANCES.
| | +---------+-------+--------
|Teachers| PAA | VSP | ANR | ANX
--------------------+--------+------+---------+-------+--------
1 Alabama | 7,757| 249| 4,569| 2,287| 2,620
2 Arkansas | 8,113| 221| 4,039| 2,428| 2,414
3 Florida | 3,362| 91| 2,001| 1,384| 1,352
4 Georgia | 10,379| 317| 5,822| 2,831| 2,850
5 Louisiana | 5,615| 160| 4,098| 2,952| 2,169
6 Mississippi | 9,499| 285| 2,190| 1,511| 2,641
7 North Carolina | 10,146| 297| 4,250| 2,519| 2,378
8 South Carolina | 6,228| 222| 2,200| 1,531| 1,416
9 Tennessee | 9,829| 353| 6,332| 3,314| 2,705
10 Virginia | 9,468| 220| 5,718| 3,323| 3,357
+--------+------+---------+-------+-------
Total 10 States | 80,396| 2,415| 41,219| 24,080| 23,902
| | | | |
11 Texas | 17,867| 499| 15,178| 7,443| 7,402
+--------+------+---------+-------+-------
Total, 11 Seceding | | | | |
States | 98,263| 2,914| 56,397| 31,523| 31,304
+========+======+=========+=======+=======
12 Delaware | 897| 25| 1,627| 499| 540
13 Dist. of Columbia| 1,575| 43| 7,005| 2,164| 2,012
14 Kentucky | 9,245| 310| 6,368| 4,263| 4,051
15 Maryland | 5,290| 135| 4,790| 3,424| 3,307
16 Missouri | 17,847| 493| 27,847| 10,853| 8,482
+--------+------+---------+-------+-------
Total South | 133,117| 3,920| 104,034| 52,726| 49,696
--------------------+--------+------+---------+-------+-------

COMPARATIVE COMMON SCHOOL EDUCATION (1907)

EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

Key:

PAA = Pupils Average Attendance [thousands].
VSP = Value of School Property [thousands].
ANR = Annual Revenue [thousands].
ANE = Annual Expenditure [thousands].

----------------+--------+------+---------------------------
| | | FINANCES.
|Teachers| PAA +--------+--------+---------
| | | VSP | ANR | ANE
----------------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
1 Colorado | 4,944| 106| 10,207| 5,836| 4,476
2 Indiana | 16,841| 420| 31,499| 13,816| 12,012
3 Indian Terr | 2,740| 61| 2,175| 790| 920
4 Iowa | 28,508| 366| 24,950| 11,619| 10,681
5 Kansas | 12,743| 277| 11,000| 6,294| 6,874
6 Michigan | 17,286| 423| 30,944| 15,260| 12,086
7 Minnesota | 13,928| 322| 26,000| 11,085| 10,803
8 Nebraska | 10,059| 186| 12,755| 5,809| 5,561
9 North Dakota | 6,109| 72| 4,900| 3,000| 2,900
10 Oklahoma | 4,386| 103| 3,624| 2,053| 1,629
11 South Dakota | 5,358| 65| 5,138| 2,702| 2,730
12 Utah | 2,010| 61| 3,577| 1,996| 2,056
13 Wisconsin | 14,491| 328| 23,243| 10,223| 8,946
+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
Total | 139,403| 2,790| 190,012| 90,483| 81,674
| | | | |
14 California | 9,714| 248| 36,680 | 10,914| 12,219
15 Idaho | 1,897| 48| 3,162 | 1,240| 1,370
16 Montana | 1,741| 35| 3,489 | 1,597| 1,716
17 Oregon | 4,228| 77| 5,732 | 2,671| 2,474
18 Vermont | 3,984| 49| 3,416 | 1,255| 1,271
19 Washington | 6,209| 131| 12,448| 5,397| 5,504
+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
Double Total| 167,176| 3,378| 254,939| 113,557| 106,228
+========+======+========+========+=========
20 Arizona | 626| 15| 1,158| 610| 620
21 Illinois | 28,083| 770| 69,142| 30,958| 30,106
22 Nevada | 322| 7| 523| 345| 490
23 New Mexico | 923| 25| 1,000| 524| 484
24 New Hampshire| 2,916| 50| 5,240| 1,379| 1,453
25 Wyoming | 787| 14| 914| 609| 436
26 West Virginia| 8,061| 165| 7,113| 3,490| 3,361
+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
Grand Total | 208,894| 4,424| 340,029| 151,472| 143,178
----------------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SCHOOLS (1905)--SOUTHERN GROUPS

---------------------+----------------------------------------+
| STUDENTS. |
+---------------+---------------+--------+
| Public. | Private. | |
+--------+------+-------+-------+ Total. |
| White. |Negro.| White.| Negro.| |
---------------------+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+
1 Alabama | 4,646| 231| 1,485| 116 | 6,478|
2 Arkansas | 3,215| 295| 1,562| 159 | 5,231|
3 Florida | 1,493| 102| 242| 95 | 2,382|
4 Georgia | 7,015| 139| 2,499| 585 | 10,238|
5 Louisiana | 2,927| 80| 1,320| 35 | 4,362|
6 Mississippi | 3,998| 286| 1,375| 160 | 5,819|
7 North Carolina | 2,958| 14| 4,185| 383 | 7,540|
8 South Carolina | 4,380| 278| 748| 344 | 5,750|
9 Tennessee | 5,459| 605| 3,528| 90 | 9,682|
10 Virginia | 4,095| 545| 4,302| 338 | 8,264|
| | | | | |
+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+
Total 10 States | 40,636| 2,575| 20,230| 2,305 | 65,746|
11 Texas | 19,427| 1,134| 3,710| 221 | 24,492|
| | | | | |
+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+
Total Seceding | | | | | |
States | 60,063| 3,709| 23,940| 2,526 | 90,238|
+========+======+=======+=======+========+
12 Delaware | 1,340| 53| 238 | ... | 1,631|
13 Dist. of Columbia | 2,968| 891| 1,117 | ... | 4,976|
14 Kentucky | 6,155| 651| 3,261 | 51 | 10,118|
15 Maryland | 6,362| 350| 2,094 | ... | 8,806|
16 Missouri | 26,278| 1,080| 3,365 | 89 | 30,812|
+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+
| | | | | |
Total Border | | | | | |
States | 43,103| 3,025| 10,075| 140 | 56,343|
+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+
Grand Total | 103,166| 6,734| 34,015| 2,666 | 146,581|
---------------------+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+

------------------+-----------------------+---------------------------
| TEACHERS. | VALUE OF PLANT.
+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
| | | | Public |Private | Total
|Public.|Private.|Total.|[1000s].|[1000s].|[1000s].
------------------+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
1 Alabama | 223 | 112 | 335| 831 | 516 | 1,347
2 Arkansas | 144 | 77 | 221| 620 | 419 | 1,039
3 Florida | 114 | 21 | 135| 501 | 134 | 635
4 Georgia | 320 | 207 | 527| 1,339 | 1,111 | 2,450
5 Louisiana | 155 | 102 | 257| 909 | 457 | 1,366
6 Mississippi | 225 | 89 | 314| 1,027 | 509 | 1,536
7 North Carolina | 123 | 270 | 393| 553 | 896 | 1,449
8 South Carolina | 214 | 83 | 297| 689 | 612 | 1,301
9 Tennessee | 242 | 215 | 257| 1,145 | 865 | 2,010
10 Virginia | 193 | 273 | 466| 596 | 1,424 | 2,020
| | | | | |
+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
Total 10 States| 1,953 | 1,449 | 3,402| 8,210 | 6,943 | 15,153
11 Texas | 842 | 264 | 1,106| 4,323 | 1,988 | 6,311
| | | | | |
+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
Total Seceding | | | | | |
States | 2,795 | 1,713 | 4,508| 12,533 | 8,931 | 21,464
+=======+========+======+========+========+=========
12 Delaware | 63 | 30 | 93| 487 | 200 | 687
13 Dist. of | | | | | |
Columbia | 196 | 203 | 399| 536 | 1,007 | 1,543
14 Kentucky | 297 | 289 | 586| 1,597 | 850 | 2,447
15 Maryland | 261 | 248 | 509| 1,149 | 3,125 | 4,274
16 Missouri | 1,140 | 311 | 1,451| 6,532 | 2,072 | 8,604
+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
| | | | | |
Total Border | | | | | |
States | 1,957 | 1,081 | 3,035| 10,301 | 7,254 | 17,555
+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------
Grand Total | 4,752 | 2,794 | 7,546| 22,834 | 16,185 | 39,019
------------------+-------+--------+------+--------+--------+---------

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY EDUCATION (1905)--EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

Key:

PUB: Public.
PRIV: Private.

--------------+------------------------------------+--------------------+
| STUDENTS. | TEACHERS. |
+--------------+-------------+-------+------+------+------+
| Public. | Private. | | | | |
+-------+------+------+------+ Total.| PUB | PRIV |Total.|
| White.|Negro.|White.|Negro.| | | | |
--------------+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
1 Colorado | 8,079| 56| 323| ... | 8,458| 347| 49 | 396|
2 Indiana | 34,848| 658| 1,831| 2 | 37,339| 1,596| 185 | 1,781|
3 Indian | | | | | | | | |
Territory| 340| 26| 423| ... | 789| 20| 19 | 39|
4 Iowa | 32,210| 134| 2,577| ... | 34,921| 1,367| 147 | 1,514|
5 Kansas | 19,715| 310| 832| ... | 20,857| 756| 67 | 823|
6 Michigan | 33,077| 110| 1,523| ... | 34,710| 1,412| 148 | 1,560|
7 Minnesota | 18,073| 62| 2,381| ... | 20,516| 767| 205 | 972|
8 Nebraska | 17,425| 49| 1,461| 1 | 18,836| 749| 126 | 875|
9 North | | | | | | | | |
Dakota | 2,218| 1| 48| ... | 2,267| 119| 3 | 122|
10 Oklahoma | 1,917| 78| 286| ... | 2,281| 87| 14 | 101|
11 South | | | | | | | | |
Dakota | 4,543| 7| 340| ... | 4,890| 229| 34 | 263|
12 Utah | 1,785| 2| 2,731| ... | 4,578| 84| 144 | 228|
13 Wisconsin | 23,956| 17| 1,476| ... | 25,449| 1,051| 166 | 1,217|
+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
Total |198,186| 1,510|16,232| 3 |215,931| 8,584|1,307 | 9,891|
+=======+======+======+======+=======+======+======+======+
14 California | 23,125| 64| 2,749| ... | 25,938| 930| 349 | 1,279|
15 Idaho | 930| 1| 366| ... | 1,297| 48| 22 | 70|
16 Montana | 2,641| 4| 200| ... | 2,845| 133| 26 | 159|
17 Oregon | 4,125| 12| 811| 1 | 4,949| 165| 74 | 239|
18 Vermont | 4,378| 3| 1,523| 1 | 5,805| 196| 98 | 294|
19 Washington | 8,168| 40| 524| ... | 8,732| 346| 62 | 408|
+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
Total | 43,367| 124| 6,173| 2 | 49,666| 1,818| 631 | 2,449|
+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
Double Total |241,553| 1,634|22,405| 5 |265,597|10,402|1,938 |12,340|
+=======+======+======+======+=======+======+======+======+
20 Arizona | 285| 1| 55| ... | 341| 13| 4 | 17|
21 Illinois | 48,212| 461| 3,434| 6 | 52,113| 1,945| 314 | 2,259|
22 Nevada | 171| ...| ...| ... | 171| 10| ... | 10|
23 New Mexico | 638| 3| 33| ... | 674| 34| 3 | 37|
24 New | | | | | | | | |
Hampshire | 4,766| 3| 2,281| 14 | 7,064| 227| 185 | 412|
25 Wyoming | 560| 3| 35| ... | 598| 29| 5 | 34|
26 West | | | | | | | | |
Virginia | 2,408| 63| 1,019| ... | 3,480| 121| 83 | 204|
+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 57,040| 534| 6,857| 20 | 64,451| 2,379| 594 | 2,973|
+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
Total |298,593| 2,168|29,262| 25 |330,048|12,781|2,532 |15,313|
--------------+-------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+

-------------------+--------------------------
| VALUE OF PLANT.
+--------+--------+--------
| Public |Private | Total
|[1000s].|[1000s].|[1000s].
-------------------+--------+--------+--------
1 Colorado | 2,634 | 200 | 2,834
2 Indiana | 9,540 | 836 | 10,376
3 Indian | | |
Territory | 352 | 239 | 591
4 Iowa | 8,452 | 643 | 9,095
5 Kansas | 4,636 | 604 | 5,240
6 Michigan | 8,905 | 639 | 9,544
7 Minnesota | 5,244 | 1,731 | 6,975
8 Nebraska | 4,309 | 505 | 4,814
9 North Dakota | 725 | ... | 725
10 Oklahoma | 551 | 145 | 696
11 South Dakota | 1,566 | 255 | 1,821
12 Utah | 268 | 1,049 | 1,317
13 Wisconsin | 6,457 | 1,539 | 7,996
+--------+--------+--------
Total | 53,039 | 8,385 | 62,024
+========+========+========
14 California | 4,616 | 2,722 | 7,338
15 Idaho | 441 | 179 | 620
16 Montana | 980 | 139 | 1,119
17 Oregon | 1,157 | 309 | 1,466
18 Vermont | 1,234 | 775 | 2,009
19 Washington | 2,050 | 496 | 2,546
+--------+--------+--------
Total | 10,478 | 4,620 | 15,098
+--------+--------+--------
Double Total | 64,117 | 13,005 | 77,122
+========+========+========
20 Arizona | 128 | 80 | 208
21 Illinois | 11,757 | 2,985 | 14,742
22 Nevada | 69 | ... | 69
23 New Mexico | 381 | ... | 381
24 New Hampshire | 1,478 | 1,108 | 2,586
25 Wyoming | 372 | 75 | 447
26 West Virginia | 1,052 | 367 | 1,419
+--------+--------+--------
| 15,237 | 4,615 | 19,852
+--------+--------+--------
Total | 79,354 | 17,620 | 96,974
-------------------+--------+--------+--------

COMPARATIVE HIGHER EDUCATION (1905)--SOUTHERN GROUPS

Key:

TEA: Teachers.
UNG: Undergraduates.
GRD: Graduates.
PRO: Professional.
VAP: Value of Plant.
PRF: Productive Funds.
BEN: Benefactions.
TI: Total Income.

---------------------+------+------------------------------+
| | STUDENTS. |
| +-------+------+-------+-------+
| TEA | UNG | GRD | PRO | Total.|
---------------------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| | | | | |
1 Alabama | 258| 1,895| 47| 241| 2,183|
2 Arkansas | 154| 894| 7| 272| 1,173|
3 Florida | 109| 311| 1| 37| 349|
4 Georgia | 430| 3,719| 19| 311| 4,049|
5 Louisiana | 266| 1,172| 101| 716| 1,989|
6 Mississippi | 315| 2,021| 72| 87| 2,180|
7 North Carolina | 465| 3,255| 49| 588| 3,892|
8 South Carolina | 295| 2,878| 37| 66| 2,981|
9 Tennessee | 681| 2,770| 80| 1,870| 4,720|
10 Virginia | 450| 3,741| 81| 472| 4,294|
+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
Total 10 States | 3,393| 22,656| 494| 4,660| 27,810|
11 Texas | 513| 2,954| 46| 862| 3,862|
+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
Total Seceding States| 3,906| 25,610| 540| 5,522| 31,672|
+======+=======+======+=======+=======+
12 Delaware | 29| 173| 1| ...| 174|
13 Dist. of Columbia | 501| 875| 146| 1,790| 2,811|
14 Kentucky | 448| 2,281| 42| 1,080| 3,403|
15 Maryland | 540| 2,433| 206| 405| 3,044|
16 Missouri | 929| 3,736| 203| 1,417| 5,356|
+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
Total Border States | 2,447| 9,498| 598| 4,692| 14,788|
+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
Total South | 6,353| 35,108| 1,138| 10,214| 46,460|
---------------------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

---------------------+------+-----------------------------
| | FINANCES.
| +-------+-------+------+------
| TEA | VAP | PRF | BEN | TI
---------------------+------+-------+-------+------+------
| | 1000s | 1000s | 1000s| 1000s
1 Alabama | 258| 1,845| 1,306| 17| 393
2 Arkansas | 154| 913| 208| 15| 247
3 Florida | 109| 722| 614| 22| 176
4 Georgia | 430| 3,972| 1,161| 153| 701
5 Louisiana | 266| 2,877| 3,560| 13| 404
6 Mississippi | 315| 2,229| 1,510| 21| 589
7 North Carolina | 465| 3,699| 1,441| 186| 645
8 South Carolina | 295| 2,740| 783| 159| 542
9 Tennessee | 681| 4,659| 3,050| 310| 718
10 Virginia | 450| 5,475| 2,747| 850| 857
+------+-------+-------+------+------
Total 10 States | 3,393| 29,131| 16,380| 1,746| 5,272
11 Texas | 513| 3,975| 1,059| 2| 776
+------+-------+-------+------+------
Total Seceding States| 3,906| 33,106| 17,439| 1,748| 6,048
+======+=======+=======+======+======
12 Delaware | 29| 270| 83| ...| 68
13 Dist. of Columbia | 501| 9,416| 1,510| 355| 517
14 Kentucky | 448| 2,934| 2,287| 257| 420
15 Maryland | 540| 16,218| 5,388| 110| 1,131
16 Missouri | 929| 8,063| 8,005| 253| 1,164
+------+-------+-------+------+------
Total Border States | 2,447| 36,901| 17,273| 975| 3,300
+------+-------+-------+------+------
Total South | 6,353| 70,007| 34,71 | 2,723| 9,348
---------------------+------+-------+-------+------+------

COMPARATIVE HIGHER EDUCATION (1905)--EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

Key:

UNG: Undergraduates.
GRA: Graduates.
PRO: Professional.
VAP: Value of Plant.
PRF: Productive Funds.
BEN: Benefactions.
TI: Total Income.

-------------------+---------+-----------------------------+
| | Students. |
|Teachers.+-------+------+-------+------+
| | UNG | GRA | PRO |Total.|
-------------------+---------+-------+------+-------+------+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
1 Colorado | 425| 1,826| 140| 333| 2,299|
2 Indiana | 462| 5,004| 136| 295| 5,435|
3 Indian Territory | 21| 25| ...| ...| 25|
4 Iowa | 775| 4,165| 238| 1,102| 5,505|
5 Kansas | 609| 3,396| 120| 487| 4,003|
6 Michigan | 560| 4,198| 144| 1,538| 5,880|
7 Minnesota | 595| 2,770| 140| 1,138| 4,048|
8 Nebraska | 502| 2,283| 153| 650| 3,086|
9 North Dakota | 88| 267| 11| 49| 327|
10 Oklahoma | 62| 323| 3| 50| 376|
11 South Dakota | 138| 516| 19| 48| 583|
12 Utah | 146| 580| 2| ...| 582|
13 Wisconsin | 452| 3,741| 157| 198| 4,096|
+---------+-------+------+-------+------+
Total. | 4,835| 29,094| 1,263| 5,888|36,245|
+=========+=======+======+=======+======+
14 California | 882| 5,285| 380| 617| 6,282|
15 Idaho | 22| 173| 1| ...| 174|
16 Montana | 52| 322| 12| ...| 334|
17 Oregon | 201| 1,078| 20| 193| 1,291|
18 Vermont | 89| 574| 1| 193| 768|
19 Washington | 170| 1,315| 85| 104| 1,504|
+---------+-------+------+-------+------+
Total | 1,416| 8,747| 499| 1,107|10,353|
+---------+-------+------+-------+------+
Double Total | 6,251| 37,841| 1,762| 6,995|46,598|
+=========+=======+======+=======+======+
20 Arizona | 26| 33| 6| ...| 39|
21 Illinois | 1,634| 8,889| 1,368| 3,809|14,066|
22 Nevada | 33| 178| 3| ...| 181|
23 New Mexico | 54| 105| 9| ...| 114|
24 New Hampshire | 119| 1,038| 36| 60| 1,130|
25 Wyoming | 18| 62| 3| ...| 65|
26 West Virginia | 106| 889| 2| 220| 1,111|
+---------+-------+------+-------+------+
Total | 1,990| 11,194| 1,427| 4,089|16,710|
+---------+-------+------+-------+------+
Grand Total | 8,241| 49,035| 3,189| 11,084|63,308|
-------------------+---------+-------+------+-------+------+

-------------------+------------------------------
| Finances.
+-------+-------+------+-------
| VAP | PRF | BEN | TI
-------------------+-------+-------+------+-------
| 1000s| 1000s| 1000s| 1000s
1 Colorado | 2,713| 812| 75| 525
2 Indiana | 6,312| 2,964| 80| 1,022
3 Indian Territory | 171| ...| 12| 16
4 Iowa | 5,959| 3,251| 342| 1,426
5 Kansas | 4,287| 1,232| 130| 710
6 Michigan | 6,076| 2,863| 106| 1,324
7 Minnesota | 3,506| 2,118| 50| 883
8 Nebraska | 2,588| 1,254| 193| 599
9 North Dakota | 1,096| 1,151| 50| 368
10 Oklahoma | 546| ...| ...| 145
11 South Dakota | 1,299| 199| 73| 275
12 Utah | 1,044| 326| 1| 282
13 Wisconsin | 4,548| 2,464| 311| 1,106
+-------+-------+------+-------
Total. | 40,145| 18,634| 1,423| 8,681
+=======+=======+======+=======
14 California | 10,755| 35,270| 470| 1,999
15 Idaho | 288| 213| ...| 93
16 Montana | 695| 523| ...| 177
17 Oregon | 907| 680| 17| 191
18 Vermont | 1,430| 1,073| 101| 149
19 Washington | 2,015| 295| 33| 607
+-------+-------+------+-------
Total | 16,090| 38,054| 621| 3,216
+-------+-------+------+-------
Double Total | 56,235| 56,688| 2,044| 11,897
+=======+=======+======+=======
20 Arizona | 234| ...| ...| 55
21 Illinois | 20,112| 17,052| 1,133| 3,072
22 Nevada | 282| 147| 2| 98
23 New Mexico | 292| ...| ...| 91
24 New Hampshire | 1,996| 2,750| 110| 279
25 Wyoming | 358| 26| ...| 59
26 West Virginia | 1,122| 276| 115| 217
+-------+-------+------+------------
Total | 24,396| 20,251| 1,360| 3,871
+-------+-------+------+------------
Grand Total | 80,631| 76,939| 3,404| 15,768
-------------------+-------+-------+------+------------

COMPARATIVE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS (1905)--SOUTHERN GROUPS

---------------------+-------------------------------------------
| NORMAL SCHOOLS (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE).
+----------+----------+----------+----------
| | | |
| Teachers | Number | Value of | Total
|for Normal| of Normal| Plant. | Income.
| Students.| Students.| |
---------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------
1 Alabama | 89| 1,866| 988,000| 310,000
2 Arkansas | 15| 292| 112,000| 17,000
3 Florida | 34| 350| 55,000| 30,000
4 Georgia | 77| 831| 370,000| 82,000
5 Louisiana | 35| 638| 130,000| 31,000
6 Mississippi | 23| 269| 7,000| 6,900
7 North Carolina | 114| 1,872| 707,000| 166,000
8 South Carolina | 48| 502| 370,000| 74,000
9 Tennessee | 84| 1,652| 600,000| 109,000
10 Virginia | 62| 1,146| 1,274,000| 267,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total 10 States | 581| 9,418| 4,613,000| 1,092,000
11 Texas | 51| 1,510| 372,000| 120,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total Seceding States| 632| 10,928| 4,985,000| 1,212,000
+==========+==========+==========+==========
12 Delaware | ...| ...| ...| ...
13 Dist. of Columbia | 21| 181| ...| ...
14 Kentucky | 26| 434| 114,000| 29,000
15 Maryland | 22| 475| 227,000| 33,000
16 Missouri | 106| 3,324| 1,188,000| 186,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total | 175| 4,414| 1,529,000| 248,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Grand Total | 807| 15,342| 6,514,000| 1,460,000
---------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------

---------------------+----------------------------------------------
| REFORM AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS (PUBLIC).
+----------+----------+------------------------
| | | Finances.
| Teachers.| Number of+----------+-------------
| | Students.| Value of | Total
| | | Plant. |Expenditures.
---------------------+----------+----------+----------+-------------
1 Alabama | 2| 78| 37,000| 8,000
2 Arkansas | ...| ...| ...| ...
3 Florida | 1| 52| 25,000| 3,000
4 Georgia | 1| 49| 30,000| 3,000
5 Louisiana | ...| ...| ...| ...
6 Mississippi | ...| ...| ...| ...
7 North Carolina | ...| ...| ...| ...
8 South Carolina | ...| ...| ...| ...
9 Tennessee | 28| 1,279| 170,000| 87,000
10 Virginia | 6| 351| 59,000| 24,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Total 10 States | 38| 1,809| 321,000| 125,000
11 Texas | 2| 180| 50,000| 35,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Total Seceding States| 40| 1,989| 371,000| 160,000
+==========+==========+==========+=============
12 Delaware | 6| 229| 165,000| 20,000
13 Dist. of Columbia | 15| 436| 460,000| 71,000
14 Kentucky | 9| 744| 200,000| 57,000
15 Maryland | 31| 1,486| 1,122,000| 147,000
16 Missouri | 18| 1,247| 771,000| 124,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Total | 79| 4,142| 2,718,000| 419,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Grand Total | 119| 6,131| 3,089,000| 579,000
---------------------+----------+----------+----------+-------------

COMPARATIVE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS (1905)--EQUIVALENT NORTHERN GROUPS

-------------------+-------------------------------------------
| NORMAL SCHOOLS (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE).
+----------+----------+----------+----------
| | | |
| Teachers | Number of| Value of | Total
|for Normal| Normal | Plant. | Income.
| Students.| Students.| |
+----------+----------+----------+----------
1 Colorado | 35| 490| 250,000| 71,000
2 Indiana | 140| 3,877| 905,000| 268,000
3 Indian Territory| ...| ...| ...| ...
4 Iowa | 129| 2,757| 518,000| 203,000
5 Kansas | 54| 1,040| 396,000| 79,000
6 Michigan | 122| 2,416| 795,000| 216,000
7 Minnesota | 96| 1,968| 983,000| 202,000
8 Nebraska | 64| 1,533| 415,000| 73,000
9 North Dakota | 15| 397| 108,000| 26,000
10 Oklahoma | 72| 1,471| 405,000| 118,000
11 South Dakota | 44| 702| 390,000| 46,000
12 Utah | 8| 182| 100,000| 19,000
13 Wisconsin | 173| 2,723| 1,075,000| 313,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total | 952| 19,546| 6,340,000| 1,634,000
+==========+==========+==========+==========
14 California | 101| 1,614| 1,179,000| 198,000
15 Idaho | 21| 239| 145,000| 33,000
16 Montana | 14| 126| 100,000| 30,000
17 Oregon | 46| 466| 163,000| 65,000
18 Vermont | 19| 256| 20,000| 21,000
19 Washington | 47| 753| 350,000| 101,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total | 248| 3,444| 1,957,000| 448,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Double Total | 1,200| 22,990| 8,297,000| 2,082,000
+==========+==========+==========+==========
20 Arizona | 18| 288| 183,000| 46,000
21 Illinois | 146| 2,997| 3,011,000| 337,000
22 Nevada | ...| ...| ...| ...
23 New Mexico | 15| 206| 135,000| 36,000
24 New Hampshire | 9| 119| 125,000| 27,000
25 Wyoming | ...| ...| ...| ...
26 West Virginia | 75| 1,339| 642,000| 139,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total | 263| 4,949| 4,096,000| 585,000
+----------+----------+----------+----------
Grand Total | 1,463| 27,939|12,393,000| 2,667,000
-------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------

-------------------+----------------------------------------------
| REFORM AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS (PUBLIC).
+----------+----------+------------------------
| | | Finances.
| Teachers.| Number of+----------+-------------
| | Students.| Value of | Total
| | | Plant. |Expenditures.
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
1 Colorado | 12| 549| 180,000| 67,000
2 Indiana | 8| 1,186| 280,000| 103,000
3 Indian Territory| ...| ...| ...| ...
4 Iowa | 29| 986| 420,000| 99,000
5 Kansas | 6| 575| 299,000| 75,000
6 Michigan | 56| 2,149| 850,000| 198,000
7 Minnesota | 16| 250| 381,000| 81,000
8 Nebraska | 11| 310| 340,000| 61,000
9 North Dakota | ...| ...| ...| ...
10 Oklahoma | ...| ...| ...| ...
11 South Dakota | 2| 89| 86,000| 26,000
12 Utah | ...| ...| ...| ...
13 Wisconsin | 30| 900| 671,000| 136,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Total | 170| 6,994| 3,507,000| 846,000
+==========+==========+==========+=============
14 California | 9| 676| 529,000| 156,000
15 Idaho | 1| 20| 50,000| 5,000
16 Montana | 2| 127| 45,000| 24,000
17 Oregon | 2| 110| 50,000| 46,000
18 Vermont | 4| 240| 60,000| 25,000
19 Washington | 6| 48| ...| ...
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Total | 24| 1,221| 734,000| 256,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Double Total | 194| 8,215| 4,241,000| 1,106,000
+==========+==========+==========+=============
20 Arizona | 1| 55| 35,000| 16,000
21 Illinois | 47| 3,765| 2,200,000| 636,000
22 Nevada | ...| ...| ...| ...
23 New Mexico | ...| ...| ...| ...
24 New Hampshire | 4| 177| 100,000| 30,000
25 Wyoming | ...| ...| ...| ...
26 West Virginia | 10| 505| 170,000| 67,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Total | 62| 4,502| 2,505,000| 749,000
+----------+----------+----------+-------------
Grand Total | 256| 12,717| 6,746,000| 1,855,000
-------------------+----------+----------+----------+-------------

INDEX

A

Abbott, E. H., articles by, on Southern question, 18.

Advance system on cotton plantations, 268;
lien loans, 268;
impositions, 269-270, 272;
specimen accounts, 271;
Christmas money, 272.

Africa, negroes in, 94-97.
_See also_ Colonization.

Afro-American as name for Negro, 92.

Agriculture.
Southern crops, 24, 220;
poor white farmers and tenants, 41, 45;
foreign laborers, 57;
white small farmers, 60;
negro life, 115-116;
Negroes as laborers, 127;
farms owned by Negroes, 144-145;
amount of negro products, 145;
actual wealth of Southern states, 220-221;
population 221;
reclamation of swamps, 221;
comparative wealth of seceding states, 237-238;
of whole South, 241;
comparative value of cotton and other Southern crops, 251.
_See also_ Cotton.

Alabama.
Mining, 24;
Republican party, 173;
negro voters, 176;
leasing of convicts, 201;
contract law and peonage, 283;
illiteracy, 293;
per-capita school tax, 295;
comparative statistics, 395-415.

Albany, Ga., negro school near, 312.

Alderman, E. A., and negro progress, 179.

_Alexander's Magazine_, 18.

Alexandria, La., Italians at, 56.

Amalgamation of races.
Evil of, 157;
determination against, 344, 349.
_See also_ Miscegenation, Mulattoes.

American Colonization Society and Liberia, 96, 97.
_See also_ Colonization.

_American Magazine_, articles in, on race question, 18.

Americus, Ga., as trade center, 26.

Amusements, negro, 116.

Andersonville, Ga., statue to Wirz in, 88.

Andrew, J. A., protest of, against class prejudice, 165.

Appalachian Forest Reserve, proposed, 223.

Architecture, Southern standard of, 26, 304.

Arizona, comparative statistics of, 395-415.

Arkansas.
Illiteracy, 293;
comparative statistics, 395-415.

Armstrong, S. C., and Hampton Institute, 334.
_See also_ Hampton.

Art galleries in South, 304.

Assessment. _See_ Taxation.

Association of Colleges, 300.

Atlanta.
Size, 28;
progress, 29, 242;
foreign population, 51;
negro population, 107;
race riot, 206, 390.

Atlanta, University of.
Conferences, 131, 389;
founding, 309.
_See also_ Colleges.

_Atlanta Evening News_ and race riot, 206.

_Atlanta Georgian_, on lynching, 213.

Augusta, Ga., water power of, 26.

Austin.
Capitol, 27;
progress, 29.

Avary, Myrta L., on educational value of slavery, 84.

B

Baker, R. S., articles by, on race question, 18.

Baldwin Co., Ala., Northerners in, 48.

Bale, cotton.
Making, 259;
round, 259;
careless construction, 274.

Baltimore.
Foreign population, 51;
as port, 229, 233;
schools, 296, 315.

Banishment of Negroes, 195, 205, 206.

Banking, Southern, 225;
comparative statistics of, 236, 238, 402-403;
and cotton culture, 263;
need of savings banks, 376.

Baptist Church, negro, 117.

"Basket-name," 138.

Bassett, J. S., and race problem, 72, 345.

Beaufort County, S. C., negro suffrage in, 176.
_See also_ Sea Islands.

"Before Day Clubs," 190.

Bell, of Alabama.
Plantation, 254;
and negro uplift, 373.

Benevolent institutions, comparative statistics of, North and South,
237, 406-407.

Benson settlement, 141, 371.

Berea College and negro education, 317.

Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, Duke, on cotton seed, 260.

Bibliography of Southern problem, 7-19;
bibliographies, 7;
anti-negro works, 8-12;
conservative Southern books, 12-14;
works by Negroes, 14-17;
monographic studies, 17;
magazine articles, 18;
necessity of first-hand investigation, 19.

Birmingham, Ala.
Iron trade, 25;
progress, 29, 242.

_Birmingham Age Herald_ on punishment of vagrancy, 383.

Black-and-tan Republicans, 173.

Black Belt.
Extent, 21;
manufactures, 25;
trade centers, 26;
richness of soil, 220.

Blount College and coeducation, 290.

Blowing Rock, N. C., view from, 31.

"Bohunks," 54.

"Boomer" described, 34.

Boyd, J. E., and peonage, 285.

Brawley, W. H., and peonage, 285.

Brookhaven, Miss., violence in, 199, 211, 212, 214.

Brown, W. G., "Lower South," 14.

Brownsville incident, 129, 194.

Bruce, P. A., on Virginians of seventeenth century, 82.

Bruce, R. C., as leader, 371.

Brunswick, Ga., as port, 22, 229.

Business.
Leadership in South, 62;
Negroes in, 130.

C

Cairo, Ill., mob in, 207.

Calhoun, J. C., Northern education of, 290.

Calhoun, Ala.
Negro community, 141;
school, 318, 389.

California.
School expenditures, 295;
comparative statistics, 397-417.

Cann, Judge, on concealment of negro criminals, 193.

Capital, in South, 225;
comparative statistics of banking, 402-403;
of manufacturing, 404-405.

Carnegie Educational Fund and Southern colleges, 300.

Catholic Church and Negroes, 117.

Cavaliers, myth of Southern descent from, 81.

Census Bureau, data from, 235.
_See also_ Population.

Ceylon, advance system in, 272.

Chain gangs in South, 200.

Chamberlain, D. H., on lynching, 213.

Charleston.
As port, 22, 229;
character, 28;
negro morality, 108;
Crum incident, 171.

_Charleston News and Courier_, character of, 70.

Chattanooga, lynching at, 212.

Chesnutt, C. W., as writer, 15, 325.

Child labor in South, 264.

Chinese and South, 54.

"Christmas money," 272.

Churchill, W. S., on Negroes in Africa, 95.

Cities.
Chief Southern, 22;
growth of smaller Southern, 26;
effect on Whites and Negroes, 27;
urban population of South, 28;
progress of Southern, 28;
negro life, 114, 167;
schools, 291, 296, 314, 315.

Civil War.
Poor Whites and, 40;
present Southern attitude toward secession, 84;
towards Northern leaders, 85;
belief in impoverishment through emancipation, 86;
Andersonville and statue of Wirz, 88;
negro soldiers, 129.

Clay Eaters, name for Poor Whites, 38.

Clearings, bank, comparative statistics of, North and South, 402-403.

Climate of South, 24, 25.

Coal in South, 224, 225.

Cole, peonage case, 282.

Colleges, Southern.
Antebellum, 290;
present development, 292, 302;
comparative statistics, 296, 300, 414-415;
for women, 301, 302;
ranking institutions, 302;
state university funds, 302;
and politics, 302;
Northern instructors, 303;
endowments, 307;
postbellum negro, 309;
character of negro, 315, 317;
need of negro, 317, 336;
number of negro graduates, 318;
objections to negro, 331-332;
academic versus industrial training for Negroes, 332-336.

_Collier's Weekly_ on Southern progress, 247.

Colonization of Negroes.
Attempts, 96-97;
not a solution of race problem, 350-352.

Colorado, comparative statistics of, 397-417.

Colored person as name for Negro, 92.

Columbia, S. C.
Water power, 26;
progress, 29;
manufacturing output, 276.

Columbus, Ga., water power in, 26.

Commerce.
Southern ports, 22, 228-229;
South and Panama Canal, 22;
Southern inland centers, 26;
of Liberia, 96;
Southern inland transportation, 226-230;
through Southern ports, 233;
and race separation, 357.

Concealed weapons, carrying of, in South, 37, 64, 196, 216.

Conferences, negro, 131, 389.

Congress, no interference by, in race problem, 347-348.

Consumption, negro mortality, 108.

Convicts.
Number, North and South, 197;
Southern treatment, 200-202, 286.

Coöperative Educational Association of Virginia, 306.

Corbin, Austin, Sunny Side plantation, 57, 256, 281.

Cordova, S. C., and negro education, 327.

Corn, comparative value of crops of, 237, 241, 242, 248, 251.

Cotton.
Extent of belt, 21, 252;
Southern manufactures, 25, 274, 276;
Poor Whites and manufacture, 45, 275;
foreign and negro cultivators, 58;
value of crop, 237, 241, 248;
making of, 250-260;
Southern claim of importance, 250;
monopolizes Southern interest, 250;
compared with other Southern crops, 251-252;
and race problem, 252, 261, 267;
history, prices, 252;
staples, 252;
fertilizing, 253;
application of term plantation, 253-255;
types of plantations, 255-256;
white laborers, 255, 262, 264, 267;
labor system, 257, 261;
cultivation, 257-258;
yield per acre, 258;
ginning and baling, 258, 274;
round bale, 259;
seed as product, 260;
hands, 261-277;
independent negro raisers, 262;
relation of negro hands to plantation, 262, 266;
character of labor, 263;
management of plantation, 263-264;
working division of plantations, 264;
renters, croppers, and wage hands, 265-266;
extra work, 266;
instability of negro laborers, 266;
negro monopoly of labor, 267, 277;
necessity of training of laborers, 267, 273, 274;
complaints of negro hands, 267;
advance system and its effect, 268-273;
wastefulness of culture and distribution, 273;
selection of seed, 274;
culture and practical peonage, 279.

Cotton seed.
Seed trust of Sea Island staple, 252;
value as product, 260;
selection, 274.

"Cotton-weed," 256.

Courts.
Conduct of criminal trials in South, 198-199;
suggestion of negro, 383.
_See also_ Crime.

Crackers, name for Poor Whites, 38.

Crime in South.
Mountaineer, 37;
concealed weapons, 37, 64, 196, 216;
mulattoes and, 112;
and its penalties, 181-204;
in North, 183;
Northern ideas of Southern, 184;
proportion of homicides, 184, 197;
character of white homicides, 185;
criminality of Negroes, 186-189;
negro education and, 186, 189, 192, 328, 334, 343, 387;
Negroes and organized, 189;
conditions promoting negro, 190;
Before Day Clubs, 190;
negro assault on white women, 191-193, 208;
concealment of negro criminals, 193;
criminal example of Whites, 194, 207;
whipping of Negroes, 194, 205;
banishment of Negroes, 195, 205, 206;
homicide of Negroes by Whites, 195-196;
treatment of Negroes by police, 196;
relative convictions, North and South, 197;
conduct of murder trials, 198;
negro trials and protection, 199;
chain gangs, 200;
prisons, 201;
leasing of convicts, 201, 286;
prison reform, 202;
pardons, 203;
white responsibility for inefficient criminal justice, 203;
race riots, 205-208;
lynching, 208-217, 361-365;
prevalence, 216;
influences working against, 216;
and race animosity, 339;
preventative measures for negro, 381-384;
comparative statistics of prisoners, North and South, 406-407.
_See also_ Peonage.

Croppers on cotton plantations, 266.

Crum, W. D., opposition to appointment of, 171.

Cuba, Negroes in, 98.

Cullman, Ala., excludes Negroes, 167.

Cutler, J. E., on lynching, 191, 208, 362.

D

Dallas, progress, 29.

Davis, Jeff, as political leader, 63.

Davis, Jefferson, on Southland, 2.

Dayton plantation, 255.

Death-rate, negro, 107-110.

Debts, comparative public, of South, 246.

Delaware, comparative statistics of, 397-417.

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The Southern SouthChapter XXVII: Moral Remedies (2)

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