Chapter VII: The third occupation of Minorca--Loss of British rule (1)

When the War of the French Revolution broke out England had no base within the Mediterranean. The necessity for such a base was very much increased when Napoleon got possession of Malta. Lord St. Vincent had taken the command of the Mediterranean station in December 1795; on February 14, 1797, he fought the great battle which gave him his title, and afterwards kept up the blockade of Cadiz. He knew that Napoleon was meditating the Egyptian expedition, and detached Nelson with thirteen sail of the line to watch and, if possible, to intercept the enemy. At the same time he sent home an urgent appeal for reinforcements, and Sir Roger Curtis was sent to him with eight sail of the line.

Lord St. Vincent came to the conclusion that the possession of a base within the Mediterranean for the English fleet was of such importance that it was necessary to occupy Minorca once more. He was not a man to let the grass grow under his feet. He had no sooner come to this conclusion than he proceeded to act upon it. He organised a squadron of six ships, to be led by Commodore Duckworth:

_Leviathan_ (74), Commodore Duckworth.
_Centaur_ (74), Captain John Markham.
_Argo_ (44), Captain J. Bowen.
_Aurora_ (28), Captain Caulfield.
_Cormorant_ (20), Captain Lord Mark Kerr.
_Peterel_ (16), Captain Charles Long.

The squadron convoyed several transports with troops under the command of General the Hon. Charles Stuart, a younger son of the Earl of Bute, the Prime Minister. After a tedious passage, owing to contrary winds, the squadron brought to within five miles of the port of Fornelle, on the north coast of Minorca, on November 7, 1798. Fornelle is a very large and spacious harbour, but it contains many shoals and much foul ground. On the west side of the entrance there is an old fort, consisting of four bastions connected by curtains. On the other side there is an _atalaya_ or signal station. After a reconnaissance, it was decided that Fornelle was not a desirable place for landing the troops. It was decided to send the smaller ships and transports to Addaya Creek, while the two line-of-battle ships stood off and on outside.

Addaya forms a large harbour on the north-east coast of the island, with a valley surrounded by lofty bare hills, which shelter it from the bleak north-westerly winds. The valley produces every kind of vegetable in abundance, while the vineyards and fruit gardens yield grapes, oranges, and pomegranates in profusion. One of the very few springs in the island sends down a stream, whence irrigating channels were conducted to every part of the valley. This is one of the most delightful spots in Minorca; but the harbour is full of rocks, and is only safe for small vessels.

Here General Stuart landed his troops and immediately occupied the surrounding heights, the Spaniards retreating to Ciudadela and Port Mahon. There was no fighting, and the whole island surrendered to General Stuart, including the castle of San Felipe, on November 15.

The Commodore, hearing a report of strange sail being in sight, proceeded to Ciudadela with the _Leviathan_ and _Centaur_, and at daybreak on the 13th five sail were reported from the _Centaur’s_ masthead. An exciting chase was at once commenced. The strangers were large Spanish frigates, and they hauled their winds for Majorca. The _Leviathan_ returned to Ciudadela that evening. Captain Markham of the _Centaur_ set every stitch of canvas and continued the chase until the 14th, but he was completely outsailed by the Spaniards. He returned to Port Mahon on the day of the surrender, writing home that ‘the whole island is now in our possession, without loss of any kind.’ He received 884_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ as his share of the capture of Minorca.

The possession of Port Mahon, in a war with France and Spain combined, provided a base for the fleet whence the Spanish coast could be harassed and the approaches to Toulon watched and hindered.

The _Centaur_ (Captain Markham) and _Cormorant_ (Captain Lord Mark Kerr) cruised along the coast of Catalonia, doing some damage to the enemy in February 1799. The ports of Cambrils and Salou, memorable as the places of embarkation of En Jayme I. and his successors, received unpleasant visits: the guns on the fort at Cambrils were dismounted, and a large Spanish frigate was driven on shore and became a wreck. The _Centaur_ and _Cormorant_ passed April at Port Mahon, and in May Lord Mark Kerr received orders to take home General Stuart and his staff.

In the end of the year Lord Keith had arrived with eleven ships of the line, as second in command to Lord St. Vincent, and continued the blockade of Cadiz. The Commander-in-Chief, owing to ill-health, was living on shore at Gibraltar. Suddenly the news arrived that Lord Bridport had allowed the French fleet of twenty-five sail of the line, commanded by Admiral Bruix, to give him the slip from Brest. On May 4 the French fleet came in sight of Lord Keith, who formed in line and offered battle. But a gale of wind was blowing, and Bruix bore up for the Mediterranean. Keith came to Gibraltar to report the great event to Lord St. Vincent, and the old veteran at once hoisted his flag on board the _Ville de Paris_ and took command, ill as he was. Taking Lord Keith under his orders, he proceeded with the fleet to Port Mahon, the object being to engage the enemy and prevent him from getting into Toulon.

At midnight on May 21 Lord St. Vincent made sail towards Toulon; but on June 2 he became so ill that he was obliged to return to Port Mahon, and on the 18th he resigned the command to Lord Keith and went home. On July 3 the fleet came in sight of Toulon, the _Centaur_ (Captain Markham) being ahead. Owing to some news he received, Lord Keith then crowded all sail for the Bay of Rosas, in hopes of intercepting the French fleet. But there was disappointment, and once more he shaped a course for Toulon. The _Centaur_ was always the advanced ship, well ahead, the frigate _Bellona_ being five miles astern, and the rest of the fleet out of sight. At 9 A.M. on June 18 five strange sail were reported from the masthead. A very exciting chase immediately began at a distance of about sixty miles from Cape Sicie on the French coast. The strangers proved to be three French frigates and two brigs. After nine hours the _Centaur_ came up with the sternmost frigate, and fired into her. She struck, and Captain Markham made a signal to the _Bellona_ to take possession. Again making all sail, he came up first with the second and then with the third frigate, which both struck, as well as the brigs. The prizes were brought to Port Mahon, and all were taken into the British Navy.

Lord Keith cruised off Toulon for some days and then went to Genoa; but still there were no authentic tidings of the French fleet. Once more he stood towards Minorca, and received a reinforcement of twelve sail of the line under Admiral Collingwood. But on June 24 the French fleet left the Mediterranean, and on July 12 it was at Cadiz. Lord Keith determined to try for news at Gibraltar, arriving on the 14th, only to receive the maddening intelligence that the enemy was just two days ahead of him. Then began a desperate chase; for if the French fleet could be forced to give battle, it would be the most momentous event in the war. On the 30th Lord Keith left Gibraltar with thirty-one sail of the line. He was just too late. The _Centaur_ looked into Brest and saw forty sail of the line safely anchored there, being the French fleet under Admiral Bruix and the Spanish fleet under Admiral Mazaredo. They had got in only six hours before, and Keith was gaining on them fast. Lord Keith, stung with anguish at the disappointment, sadly returned to Port Mahon.

Minorca continued to be a very important base for the operations of the British fleet, whence Lord Keith obtained his memorable successes on the coast of Egypt. But when the Peace of Amiens was signed on March 26, 1802, Minorca was ceded to Spain. The long connection of the little island with England was thus severed for ever, and to the Minorcans was only left a tradition and a memory of happier and more prosperous times.

Such prosperity as Minorca has since enjoyed has been due to her excellent harbour, the fame of which as a safe place of refuge gave rise to Andrea Doria’s well-known proverb:

Los puertos del Mediterraneo son.
Junio, Julio, Agosto y Puerto Mahon.

So long as sailing ships were the means of locomotion at sea, crowds of merchant vessels frequented the port. It was also visited by the British fleet in the Mediterranean, which always received a cordial welcome in memory of the good old times. The Spanish Government undertook stupendous works of fortification at Cape Mola, on the eastern side of the entrance of Port Mahon. The introduction of steam reduced the importance of the harbour, which became less and less frequented. The garrison was withdrawn and the works at Cape Mola were abandoned, all sources of wealth to the islanders. Minorca has indeed fallen from its high estate. There is stagnation and poverty. A former Consul,[37] in lamenting this decadence, truly said that ‘those who do visit Minorca will find a bright little town and friendly inhabitants, some of whom yet express in broken English their love for England, while they speak joyously and feelingly of the good and flourishing times when Minorca was under British rule.’

INDEX

Abdalla, son of Musa, conquered the Balearic Isles, 10

Abu Yahye, Amír of Majorca, 11

Acart de Mur, master of the camp in the Minorca conquest, 231

Aci Reale, 66

Adaia valley in Minorca, 265, 284

Adrianople, 105

Agnani, Treaty of, 98

Alagon, Blasco de, Federigo’s general, 99, 103

Alaro, 34

Alayor in Minorca, 240, 263

Albareda, Señor, Grand Hotel, Palma, and hotel at Porto Pi, 218

Alberoni, Cardinal, his violence, 255

Albufera in Minorca, 265

Alcudia, 8;
Charles V. landed at, 176;
Majorcan nobles escape to, 182;
Pedro Paz in command at, 183;
siege, 183, 184;
relieved, 185, 186;
honoured, 189

Aldonza, queen of Portugal, 40

Alemany, Geronimo, historian of Majorca, 191, 198

Alençon, Count of, slain, 63

Aleppo pines, 9, 213, 220

Alfavia, country seat of Benahabet, 28, 41;
inherited by the Santa Cilia family, 156;
passed to the Bergas and Zafortezas, 156;
position and description, 156, 157;
the memorial chair at, 157

Alfonso I., El Batallador, took Zaragoza, 2

Alfonso II., 40

Alfonso III., 77;
occupation of Majorca, 93, 94;
accession, 96;
to marry daughter of Edward I. of England, death, 97, 235;
invaded Minorca, 230, 231, 232;
victory over Moors, 233, 234;
ordered Port Mahon to be built 235

Alfonso IV., 142

Alfonso V., conquered Naples, 163;
duel before, at Naples, 164, 166

Alfonso of Naples, grandson of Alfonso V., 167

Alfonso, Duke of Gandia, 163

Alfonso X. of Castille:
married Violante of Aragon, 49;
Murcia conquered for, by Jayme I., 49;
Fernando, his eldest son, 93

Algiers, expedition of Charles V., 176, 237, 239

Ali al Muhtadi, 10

Almanza, battle of, 244

Almeria, siege of, 124

Almogavares, light infantry, account of, 61, 62, 91, 93, 99, 128, 231,
233

Almojarife, title of the Moorish chief of Minorca, 228, 231 (_n_);
sent to Barbary for help, 231;
defeated, 233;
surrender, 234, 236

Almonds in Majorca, 9;
extent of cultivation, 213

Almudaina of Palma, 22;
Jayme I. at, 32;
restored as a palace, 111;
Jayme IV. born at, 144

Alonsiada, written by Ramis, 235

Ampudia, Count of, 97

Ampurdan, 132, 154

Ampurias, Ponce Hugo, Count of, 12;
advanced with his men, 18;
conducted mining operations at the siege of Palma, 30;
death, 33;
one of the great feudatory families of Majorca, 45, 103, 195

Andraix attacked by the Moors, 177

Andrew, King of Hungary, 8

Andria, Count of, married to an heiress of the Morea, 129;
Isabel of, 130

Andronicus, Emperor of the East, welcomed the Catalan Company, 104

Angelats, Miguel, defended Soller against the pirates, 178

Anglesola, serving in the Minorca conquest, 231

Anjou. _See_ Charles of.

Anson, Lord, 277

_Antelope_, H.M.S., 276

Antequera. _See_ Fernando of.

Apricots in Majorca, 9, 109, 213

Apulia, 63, 64

Aracuri, Garcia Garces de, 231

Aragon, ancestry of nobles, 2;
kingdom, first king, 2;
marriage of the heiress, 2;
arms of, 3;
constitution, titles, 4, 47;
ancient families 4 (_n_);
division by Jayme I., 50;
interdict, 52, 65;
kings compared with Plantagenets, 5;
question of succession, 162, 163.
_See_ Alfonso, Jayme, Juan, Martin Fernando, Pedro, Fueros.

Archduke Luis Salvator at Miramar, 215;
his work on the Balearic Isles, 215

_Argo_, H.M.S., 283

Ariañy. _See_ Cotoner.

Armstrong, J., ‘History of Minorca,’ 270

Arquimbau, Governor of Ciudadela when besieged by the Turks, 240

Arta, cave of, attacked, 36

Ash-shakandi, Moorish chronicler, 9

Asturias, 1;
Romana in, 206;
Jovellanos born in, 209, 210, 211

_Asturias, Principe de_, flagship of Chacon off Cape Passaro, 257

Atalayas, or look-out towers, 137, 223

Ataranza at Palma, 22

Athens, Duke of, 123;
dukedom, 128

Augusta, 79, 101

_Aurora_, H.M.S., 283

Aversa, Castle of, 123

Avignon, 137, 143, 153

Ayamans. _See_ Togores.

Ayerba, Blasco Jimenes de, arranged for the deportation of Moors of
Minorca, 234

Aygua Freda, 38

Badajos, 297

Balearic Isles overrun by the Moors, 10;
Archduke Luis Salvator’s monograph, 215;
Bidwell’s work on, 217, 289 (_n_);
Phœnicians and Carthaginians, 225;
Roman occupation, 229;
Bishop of, at a Council of Toledo, 228.
_See_ Majorca, Minorca.

Barbarossa, pirate, 176, 188, 237

Barbary, Pedro III. on coast of, 60;
pirates, precautions against, 137, 163;
incursions in Majorca, 177, 179;
help to Moors in Minorca, 231, 232, 234;
attacks on Minorca, 237

Barcelo y Combis, work on Balearic flora, 214, 271 (_n_)

Barcelona, conquered by Louis, son of Charlemagne, 2;
marriage of Count with heiress of Aragon, 2;
attack by the Moors, 11;
Counts of, their coat of arms, 3;
laws, 4;
palace of Counts, 12;
dockyard, 59;
Queen Constance sailed from, 77, 78;
Charles of Anjou in prison at, 81, 96;
Jayme II. landed at, 77;
sons of King of Majorca in prison at, 136, 147;
rescue of Majorcan princes, 147;
Jayme IV. in prison at, 151;
measures against Barbary pirates, 163;
death of the Prince of Viana at, 168;
sailors of, 170, 171;
fall of, 192;
for the Archduke Charles, 243

Barcelona, Bishop of:
the Moorish chief placed the Balearic Isles under his jurisdiction, 10;
joins in the invasion of Majorca, 12;
Mass before the battle, 17;
announced heavy losses, 19;
with Jayme I. at the caves, 35;
one of the great Minorca feudatories, 45

Barrancas in Minorca, 265, 267

Basque provinces, 1

Bearne, Viscount de. _See_ Moncada.

_Bellona_, H.M.S., 287

Bellpuig. _See_ Dameto.

Belver Castle, 113, 115;
Jayme II. imprisoned at, 151;
Juan I. at, 160;
besieged and taken by Comuneros, 82;
Order of Juan II., 168;
Jovellanos imprisoned in, 210, 211;
work of Jovellanos on, 210;
declared a Patrimonio Real, 211, 212

Benahabet, Moorish chief of Majorca, went over to King Jayme I., 28, 34,
41;
his heiress married Santa Cilia, 142;
arms of Leonor Ben-nassar his daughter, 157.
_See_ Alfavia

Bendinat, 20; castle, 21, 208

Beni Umiyyah dynasty, 10, 228

Berga, 147

Berga, noble family of Majorca, 108;
inherited Alfavia, 156;
arms, 157

Bertie, Lord Robert, 173

Berwick, Duke of, 244

Bidwell’s ‘Balearic Islands,’ 217, 289 (_n_)

Bilithon. _See_ Prehistoric Remains.

Binisalem, 109

Blakeney, General, gallant defence of Minorca, 273, 274;
surrender, 275;
evidence on Byng’s court martial, 277

Blanche of Anjou to marry Jayme II. of Aragon, 98

Bofarull, Antonio de, edition of Muntaner, 55 (_n_)

Bona sent help to the Minorca Moors, 231

Bonet, Nicolas, his ship to lead the fleet of Jayme I., 13

Boniface VIII., Pope, gained over King Jayme II. of Aragon, 98;
negotiated the treaty of Agnani, 98;
ceded Corsica and Sardinia to Aragon, 98, 103

Bordeaux, 64, 67, 71, 72, 73, 97

Bosch, family of, 165

Bosch y Cerda, Don Bartolomé, British consul, 215

Botany of Majorca, 214;
Minorca, 270 (_n_)

Bover, his account of the coinage of Majorca, 110;
edited the Majorca historians, 191;
his ‘Nobiliario,’ 193 (_n_)

Bowen, Captain, H.M.S. _Argo_, 283

_Breda_, H.M.S., in battle of Cape Passaro, 257

Brienne, Comte de, Duke of Athens, slain, 128

Broderick, Commodore, arrived at Gibraltar, 276

_Buckingham_, H.M.S., 274

Buesca, first capital of Aragon, 2

Bugia, Lulio martyred at, 231

Burgos, 153

Burgues, noble family of Majorca, 108;
arms, 157;
title given, 193

Burgundy, Duke of, founded a principality in the Morea, 128, 129

Butler, Captain H.M.S. _Dunkirk_, sent to capture Fornells, 248

Byng, Admiral Sir George, sent to the Mediterranean to hinder Spanish
designs on Sicily, 254;
at Port Mahon and Naples, 255;
chased the Spanish fleet, 256;
victory off Cape Passaro, 257;
visited Count Mercy, 258, 259;
at Genoa, 260;
success of all his measures, 262;
created Viscount Torrington, 262

Byng, Admiral John, sent to relieve Minorca, 273;
with his father off Cape Passaro, 273;
at Gibraltar, 273;
off Minorca, 274;
his fleet, 274;
evaded an action, 275;
his court martial, 277;
executed, 279

Cabrera, Isle, 88

Calabria, 96, 103

Calatabellota, 103

Calatayud, 74

Cambrils, Jayme’s fleet assembled at, 13, 285

Cammock, Irish renegade, Spanish rear-admiral, 256

Camprodon, François, architect of the Almudaina at Palma, 111

Canet, fight for the water-supply, 27, 29;
country house of the Torrellas, 27, 28;
fayence factory at, 200;
noble family of Majorca, viscounts, 108

Cannæ, 225

_Canterbury_, H.M.S., 257

_Captain_, H.M.S., in Sir G. Byng’s action, 257;
in Byng’s fleet off Minorca, 274

Carbonell, his story not to be believed, 234, 235

Carcassonne, 6

Carlists imprisoned at Belver, 211

Carlos (_see_ Viana, Prince of; _see_ Charles), 167

Caro, noble family of Majorca, 108, 201.
_See_ Romana.

Carob-trees, area covered by, in Majorca, 213

Carroz, Don Francisco, in command of the expedition to restore order in
Majorca, 184

Carroz, a German knight, 13

Cartailhac, M., on prehistoric remains in Minorca, 221

Carthaginians in Minorca (_see_ Mago), 225;
founded Port Mahon, 227

Cartuja at Valdemosa, 161, 162

Castro Giovanni, 261

Catalan language, 4;
King Jayme’s Journal written in, 11;
Chronicle of Muntaner, 55;
dialect in Majorca, 214

Catalans army, conquest of Majorca by, 26;
naval power, 59;
victory, 66;
crossbowmen, 86, 87;
naval victories, 85, 86;
Company in the east (_see_ Company);
as navigators, 170, 172;
Portolani, 172;
abandoned by Treaty of Utrecht, 251;
grief of the Archduke Charles at their treatment, 252

Catalonia, 1;
French invasion, 84

Catania, granted to Prince Fernando, 128, 129;
death of Isabel of Andria at, 130

Catona, 63

Caulfield, Captain H.M.S. _Aurora_, 283

Caves, description of the Cueva del Drachs, 35, 36;
Cueva de Arta, fugitives in, 37;
in Minorca, 221

Cefalu, 79, 81, 100

_Centaur_, H.M.S., Captain Markham, 283;
chases Spanish frigates, 285;
on coast of Catalonia, 285, 286;
capture of French frigates, 287;
off Brest, 288

Centelles, Gilabert de, Governor of Majorca for Pedro IV., 148

_Centurion_, H.M.S., off Minorca, 247;
sent to Fornells, 248

Cerdaña, 6, 49;
Jayme I. succeeded to, 50, 56;
King Sancho of Majorca died in, 139;
Jayme IV. of Majorca died in, 155

Cette, 85

Ceuta, 234

Chair of Alfavia, memorial to Jayme IV. and Isabel, 157;
description, 155, 159

Champans, Bernardo de. _See_ Templars

Charles of Anjou:
carried out the Pope’s designs against Sicily, 57;
conquered Naples and Sicily, 58;
cruelty to Manfred’s family, 58;
driven out of Sicily by the King of Aragon, 60, 63;
challenged Pedro of Aragon, 64;
his appeal to the Pope against Aragon, 65;
dispossessed of Malta, 66;
came to Bordeaux, 67, 71;
discomfited, returned to Toulouse, 74;
Sicily delivered from, 76;
intriguing at Rome, 79;
death, 82

Charles II. of Anjou taken prisoner, 79, 80;
forced to liberate King Manfred’s daughter, 80;
his life saved by Prince Jayme, in prison at Barcelona, 81, 90;
released, 98;
treaty with Federigo, 103

Charles II. of Spain, 191;
death, 241

Charles III. of Spain, his monument to Jayme II., 118

Charles IV. of Spain, 210, 211

Charles V., expedition to Algiers, 176, 237;
landed at Alcudia, 175;
at Palma, 176;
steps to restore order in Majorca, 184

Charles of Valois, the Pope’s ‘King of Aragon,’ 82;
mocked by his elder brother, 83, 84, 90;
sent against Sicily, failure, 100

_Chesterfield_, H.M.S., 274

Chopin, 162

Cienfuegos, 206

Ciudadela, 222, 227, 235, 239;
besieged by the Turks, 240;
defences repaired, 241;
under British rule, 263, 266, 284

Clarenza, taken by Prince Fernando of Majorca, 131;
Jayme III. of Majorca, Lord of, 141

Cleghorn, Dr., on the botany of Minorca, 270

Coinage of Majorca, 110;
of King Sancho, 140

Columbus centenary, copy of Valseca Portolano for, 172

Company of Catalans under Roger de Flor, 103;
massacre by Greeks, repulse Greeks at Gallipoli, 105;
Prince Fernando arrived to take command, 120, 121;
abandon Gallipoli, march on Salonica, 122;
take service under the Duke of Athens, 123, 128;
kill the Duke of Athens and his nobles, 128

Compasses, early use of, 77, 171

Comuneros of Majorca, 182;
atrocities, 183;
besiege Alcudia, 183, 184;
defence of Pollenza, 185;
vengeance on, 188

Comunidades in Spain, 180;
in Majorca, 180

Conflent, 49;
Jayme II. to succeed to, 50, 55, 56

Conradin, beheaded by Charles of Anjou, appeals to the King of Aragon
to avenge his death, 58, 59, 81

Constance, daughter of Manfred of Sicily, wife of Pedro III. of
Aragon, 48;
rightful Queen of Sicily, 64;
went to Sicily with two sons, 76;
arrival at Palermo, 78;
Sicilian Parliament swore allegiance to, 79;
at Messina, meeting with her sister, 81;
children, 94

Constance of Aragon married to the Infante Juan Manuel, 49

Constance of Aragon, wife of Jayme III. of Majorca, 142, 143, 149

Constantia sent help to Minorca, 232

Constantinople, 105

_Cormorant_, H.M.S., 284, 285

Cornel, En Pedro, General of the army of Alfonso III. against Minorca,
231

Cornut, E. Pedro, Admiral of the Provençal fleet, 66

Cornwallis, Colonel, 273

Corsica ceded to Aragon by the Pope, 98, 118, 138, 143

Coruña, 205

Cotoner, noble family of Aragon:
Marquis of Ariañy, 108;
Nicolas, at reception of Charles V., 176;
some murdered by Comuneros, 183, 189;
title given, 193;
Grand Masters of Malta, 194;
general, 194, 214

Cotonera at Malta, 194

Crespi, Juan, leader of Comuneros at Palma, 181, 186, 188;
death, 188

Creus, Cape of, 86

Cristopol, 122

Crossbowmen. _See_ Catalans.

Cruilles, Gilbert de, envoy of Aragon at Bordeaux, 68;
met King Pedro, 71;
came with the attested copy of the notary’s statement, 75

Cullera, Catalan dockyard at, 59

_Culloden_, H.M.S., 274

Cyprus, King of: niece married to Prince Fernando, 131, 134

Cyzicus, 104

Dameto, noble family of Majorca, Marquis of Bellpuig, 108;
Albertin, served against the Comuneros, 189;
Don Juan, historian of Majorca, 190

Daun, Count, Viceroy of Naples, 253

De Crillon, Duke of Mahon, 280

_Defiance_, H.M.S., 274

Denia, 10

Denmark, Spanish troops in, and escape from, 205

_Deptford_, H.M.S., 274

Desbrull. _See_ Sureda.

Desclot, on Jayme I., 7

Dragonera Island, 14

Dragut, Barbary pirate, 176

Duckworth, Commodore, sent to re-take Minorca, 283;
list of ships of his squadron, 283

_Dunkirk_, H.M.S., off Minorca, 247;
sent to Fornells, 248

Edgcombe, Captain H.M.S. _Louisa_, 273, 274

Edward I. of England:
connection with Aragon, 5, 6, 7;
refused to join with the Pope against King Manfred of Sicily, 57;
umpire between Pedro III. and Charles of Anjou, 64, 67;
does not come to Bordeaux owing to French treachery, 67;
intervention to restore peace, 96, 97;
his daughter Eleanor to marry Alfonso III. of Aragon, 97

Edward the Black Prince joined by Jayme IV. of Majorca, 153

Effingham, Lord, 273

Eleanor, Princess of England, to marry Alfonso III. of Aragon, 97

Enriquez de Guzman, Don Alonso:
in command at Palma, 185;
his account of the surrender of the Comuneros, 186

Entenzas, supporters of Federigo of Sicily, 100;
Gambon de, 103;
Berenguer de, a leader of the Catalan Company, 103;
disputes with Rocafort, 105;
murder, 121, 122;
knights of the family in the Minorca conquest, 231

Esclaramunda de Foix, Queen of Majorca, 49;
children, 92, 107;
received the orphan of her son Fernando at Perpignan, 134;
death, 135

Espero, battle of, near Patras, Prince Fernando slain, 132

Esporla, La Granja de, country seat of the Fortuñy family, 199;
factories at, 200

Estremadura, Romana in command in, 207

Fabon, Miguel, preacher at the siege of Palma, 26

Fadrique, Count of Luna, 163

Fairborn, Captain H.M.S. _Centurion_, took Fornells, 248

Falcons, King Sancho’s breed, 139

Fatih Billah, Moorish chief: attempt to cut off the water, 26, 27

Federigo of Naples, grandson of Alfonso V., 167

Federigo of Sicily: Catalonia nobles rally round him, 99;
defeated the Prince of Tarentum, 100;
acknowledged as King of Sicily, 103;
helped the Catalan Company, 104;
friendship for Fernando of Majorca, 120, 122, 127;
sent presents to Fernando’s orphan, 133;
supplied Alfonso III. with galleys, 231

Felanitx founded, 109

Felipe, younger son of Charles of Anjou, married the heiress of the
Morea, 129

Felipe, youngest son of Jayme II. of Majorca, 92;
entered holy orders, 108;
regent for Jayme III., 140

Felipe II. of Spain, Journal of Jayme I. translated for, 11

Felipe V. of Spain proclaimed, 192, 193, 242;
perfidy, 253;
joined Quadruple Alliance, 261

Fereiras in Minorca, 263

Fernando I. (of Antequera), 155, 162, 163

Fernando II. of Aragon, married to Isabella of Castille, 168

Fernando III. of Castille, 7

Fernando IV. of Castille:
bad faith, 124, 125

Fernando of Majorca, 49, 92, 107;
went to fight in Sicily, 120;
joined the Catalan Company, 120;
refused to remain except as viceregent of the King of Sicily, 122;
embarked and went to Thasos, 123;
imprisoned at Naples: released, 124;
at the siege of Almeria, 125;
feats of arms, 125, 126;
joined Federigo of Sicily, 127;
married the heiress of the Morea, 129;
landed in the Morea, captured Clarenza, 131;
slain: Muntaner’s estimate of his character, 132;
buried at Perpignan, 132

Fernando, illegitimate son of Prince Fernando of Majorca, 135, 142, 143

Fernando, son of Alfonso V. of Aragon, 165, 166

Fernando, eldest son of Alfonso X. of Castille, 93

Ferrar, Jayme, voyage of, 174

Figuera, Domingo de la:
horse dealer, 68;
arranged the ride of Pedro III. to Bordeaux, 70;
rewarded, 74

Figueras, 146

Flor, Roger de, some account of, 100;
becomes a Templar, 101;
vice-admiral of Sicily, 102;
idea of forming a company to fight the Turks, 103;
created Cæsar of the Eastern Emperor, 104;
murdered by the Greeks, 105, 120

Flora of Majorca (_see_ Barcelo y Combis);
of Minorca, 270 (_n_)

Foggio, death of Charles of Anjou at, 82

Foix, Count of, 49, 91, 92, 153;
Gaston de, married heiress of Navarre, 168;
Esclaramunda, de, Queen of Majorca, 49, 92, 107, 134, 135

Forbes, Admiral, disapproved of Byng’s execution, 278

Fornells taken by British ships, 248, 269, 283

Forster, Mr., translation of King Jayme’s Journal, 11

Fortuñy, noble family of Majorca, 108, 214;
Don Jorge opposed the Moors at Andraix, 177;
Matias served against the Comuneros, 189;
country seat at La Granja, 199

Fowke, General, Governor of Gibraltar, 273, 276

Franciscan monastery at Palma founded, 113;
Lulio buried at, 116

Frederick II., Emperor, 7, 48, 56

French army invading Aragon, 84, 85;
flight, 90, 91;
fleet, positions, 86;
disasters, 86, 87, 89;
prepare to attack Minorca, 272, 274

Frere, Mr. Hookham, 202, 207, 209

Fueros of Sobarbe, 3;
granted to Majorca, 44;
compiled by Jayme I., 52;
abolished by Felipe V., 192, 193

Funen, Island of. _See_ Nyborg.

Fuster, a Viceroy of Majorca, 150

Gades, 226

Galicia, Romana’s campaign in, 206, 207

Galissonière, French Admiral, opposed to Byng, 273, 275

Gallipoli, defended by the Catalan Company, 105, 120;
arrival of Prince Fernando, 120;
abandoned, 122

Gandia, Duke of, claimant to crown of Aragon, 163

Garcia Jimenes, first King of Navarre, 2

Gardiner, flag captain:
evidence at Byng’s court martial, 277

Gayangos, Don Pascual, edited the English translation of the Journal
of Jayme I., 11

Genoa and Genoese ships, 89, 98, 123, 147, 170, 234

Geographers of Majorca, 174

Geology of Majorca, M. Hermite on, 213

Gerbes Island, Muntaner Governor of, 129

Gerona besieged by the French, 85;
siege raised, 90, 91;
Cortes at, 107;
sons of Kings of Majorca in prison at, 136;
Pedro IV. at, 146

Gibraltar, 243, 253, 273, 275, 286, 288

Gijon, Romana embarked at, 206;
birthplace of Jovellanos, 209, 211

Gioia of Amalfi, 171

Godoy’s government, 209, 210

Gottenburg, 205

Gozo, 66

_Grafton_, H.M.S., in battle off Cape Passaro, 257

Granada, 124

Grimaldi, Carlos and Ayto of Genoa, fighting for Jayme III. of
Majorca, 148

Guadix, 126

Gual, noble family of Majorca, 109;
Raimondo, defended Valdemosa, 177;
Antonio, served against the Comuneros, 189

Guasp, Felipe, bookseller at Palma, 192, 214 (_n_)

Guillemard, Dr., on prehistoric remains in Minorca, 221, 224

Gurrea. _See_ Urrea.

Hallam, Mr., his account of the constitution of Aragon, 47

Hamilcar Barca, 225

Hannibal, 225

Harrington, Lord, violent scene with Alberoni, 255

Hasdrubal, 226

Hawke, Admiral, superseded Byng, 276

Henriquez, Juanade, Queen of Aragon, 168.
_See_ Enriquez.

Henry II. of England, 5

Henry, Prince of Portugal, the Navigator, 174

Hermite, M., on the geology of Majorca, 213

Hernandez y Mercadal:
botany of Minorca, 270

Hervey, Captain H.M.S. _Phœnix_, joined Byng off Minorca, 270

Historians of Majorca and Minorca. _See_ Bover, Dameto, Muntaner,
Mut, Ramis.

Hospitallers, grants to, 46

Hungary. _See_ Andrew; Violante.

Ibn-al-labneh, Moorish poet, 9

Ilex in Majorca, area covered by, 213

Inca, 28, 34, 185

Infanzones, 4

_Intrepid_, H.M.S., 274

Isabel of Majorca, daughter of Jayme III., 144;
in prison, rescued, 147;
married, joined her brother, 154;
death, 155;
memorial.
_See_ Chair of Alfavia.

Isabel of Majorca, married to the Infanta Juan Manuel of Castille, 92

Isabella of Andria married to Prince Fernando, 129;
death, 130

Isabella of Aragon, Queen of
France, 49

Isabella of Aragon, Queen of
Portugal, 95

Isabella of Castille, 168

St. Isabel, 8

Ischia, 80

Iviça, 182, 184, 188

Jaca, 68

Jacomo de Mallorca, Director of Prince Henry’s navigation school at
Sagres, 174

Jativa, 93

Jayme I., King of Aragon and Majorca:
birth, 6;
description of his person, 7;
anecdote of the swallow, 8;
marriage with Violante of Hungary, 8;
his Journal, 11;
prepared to conquer Majorca, 12;
embarked: at sea, 14;
landed in Majorca, 15;
his first skirmish, 16;
heard Mass, 17;
put on his armour, 18;
grief at the losses: ‘Bendinat,’ 20;
began the siege of Palma, 25, 26;
entered the town: Amír surrendered, 32;
kindness to the Amír’s son, 33;
reducing the island, 34-36;
departure from Majorca, 37, 38;
second visit to Majorca, 40;
third visit, 43;
on Cape Pera: Minorcans deceived, 44, 45;
activity, administration, 47;
his conquest of Valencia, 48;
his children, 48;
conquest of Murcia, 49;
death: burial at Poblet, 51;
his reign and administration, 51, 52;
annual procession, relics, 52, 53;
lenient treatment of Moors of Minorca, 228

Jayme II., King of Aragon:
went to Sicily with his mother, 77;
his naval victory, 79;
saved the life of Charles of Anjou, 81;
King of Sicily, 94;
subdued Calabria, 96;
became King of Aragon, 97;
change of policy, 98;
attacked his brother Federigo, 102;
besieged Almeria, 124-126;
friendly relations with Majorca, 137

Jayme II., King of Majorca, 48;
marriage, 49;
to succeed to Majorca, Montpellier, Roussillon, Cerdaña, and
Conflent, 50;
first separate King of Majorca, 55;
character, 56;
difficult position, 76;
escorted Queen Constance to her ship,78;
took leave of his brother, 78;
neutrality in the war with France, 83;
escorted his nephew from Catalonia, 91;
children, 92;
Majorca to be occupied, 93;
Majorca restored to him, 105, 106;
his administration of Majorca, 107, 112;
his buildings, 113, 114;
death, 118;
coinage, 110;
mummy, 119

Jayme III., King of Majorca:
birth, 130;
brought to Perpignan by Muntaner, 133, 134;
adopted by his uncle Sancho, 135;
his education, 141, 142;
homage to the King of Aragon, 142, 143;
marriage with Constance of Aragon, 142;
protest against Pedro’s usurpation, 145;
submission to Pedro fruitless, 146;
collected forces to recover Majorca, 147;
defeat and death, 148, 149;
his character, 149

Jayme IV., King of Majorca:
birth, 144;
in prison at Barcelona, 147;
rescued, 147;
wounded and again in prison, 149;
married to the Queen of Naples, 152;
at the battle of Najara, 153;
defence of Burgos, 153;
ransomed, 153;
marched into Urgel, 154;
poisoned by Pedro IV.;
buried at Soria, 154.
_See_ Chair of Alfavia.

Jayme, eldest son of Jayme II. of Majorca, 92;
became a Franciscan, 107, 113

Jayme, Count of Urgel, 143

Jennings, Admiral Sir J., built the hospital at Port Mahon, 264

Jovellanos, Don Gaspar Melchior:
account of, 209;
imprisonment of, 210;
his works on edifices at Palma, 210;
public services, 211;
death, 211;
memorial to, at Belver, 212;
Ticknor on, 211

Juan I., King of Aragon, 159;
in Majorca, 160

Juan II., King of Aragon:
disputes with his son Carlos, 167;
death, 168

Juan Manuel, Infante of Castille, 92

Juana of Aragon, Queen of Naples, 168

Juana Henriquez, Queen of Aragon, 168

Juana, reigning Queen of Naples, 152

Junta, Central. _See_ Seville.

Jurats in Minorca, 268

Justicia, Mayor of Aragon, 4

Jutland, Spanish garrisons in, 205

Kane, British Governor of Minorca, 269

Keats, Admiral, embarked Spanish troops at Nyborg, 205, 208

Keith, Admiral Lord, 286, 287;
chasing the French fleet, 288

Kellerman, General, 206

_Kent_, H.M.S., in battle off Cape Passaro, 257, 259

Kerr, Captain Lord Mark, 283.
_See Cormorant_, H.M.S.

_Kingston_, H.M.S., 274

Labots, Catalina, wife of Lulio, 115

La Cerda, Infantes of, 93, 98

La Granja. _See_ Fortuñy.

_Lancaster_, H.M.S., 274

Lane, Brigadier, at siege of San Felipe (Minorca), 248

Lanoveras, Torre de las, 28

Lanz, Dr., German translator of Muntaner, 55 (_n_)

Las Navas de Tolosa, battle, 5

La Torre (title of Truyalls), 109;

Lauria, Roger de, Admiral of Sicily, 64;
victory at Malta, 66;
great victory at Naples, 79;
to attack the French fleet, 86;
victory over the French fleet, 88, 89, 91;
death: buried near Pedro III., 94

Law. _See_ Fueros, Jurats, Maritime Law.

Leake, Admiral Sir John:
took Cagliari, 245;
co-operated with Stanhope in taking Minorca, 246, 247

Lentini, 101

Leonor, daughter of Jayme I., died young, 49

Leonor, daughter of Pedro IV., married Juan I., King of Castille, 155

Leonor, heiress of Navarre, 168

Leonor of Anjou, married Federigo of Sicily, 103

Lerida, university founded by Jayme I., 52

Lesbia, Pedro de, first Procurator-General of Minorca, 235

_Leviathan_, H.M.S., Duckworth’s flagship, 283;
off Ciudadela, 285

Lipari Isles, 259

Livy, 226

Lluchmayor founded, 109;
battle of, 148, 149

Lodève, M. de, in command of galleys in the Bay of Rosas, 86, 87, 88

Long, Captain Charles, H.M.S. _Peterel_, 283

_Lonja_, or exchange, at Palma, 175, 210

Louis, son of Charlemagne, took Barcelona, 2

Louis IX. of France, 57;
refused to attack Manfred of Sicily, 57, 59

Louis XIV. of France, broke his word as regards the Spanish
succession, 243

Louis, Prince of the Morea:
his heirs, 129

Louis of Burgundy came to dispute the rights of Prince Fernando, 132

Louis of Calabria, 163

_Louisa_, H.M.S., 273, 274

Lulio, or Lul, Raimondo, mentioned early use of the compass, 77;
account of, 114, 116, 215;
martyrdom, 116;
tomb, 116;
picture of, 216

Luna, Agustin de, 164

Luna, Count of, 163

Luna, a knight of the family in the Minorca conquest, 231

Lyons Papal Council, King Jayme present, 51

Mago, the Carthaginian: notice of, 225, 226;
Port Mahon named from, 226

Mahault of Hainault, 132

Mahon. _See_ Mago, Port Mahon.

Mahon, Dukes of, 280;
second title of Earl Stanhope, 252

Majolica ware, 215

Majorca, 1, 8;
description, 8, 9;
praised by Arab writers, 9;
under the Moors, 10, 11;
Moorish Amír, 19, 26, 29, 30;
defence of the Moorish capital, 30, 31;
flight from the capital, 32;
first Christian governor, settlement, 39;
Fueros, distribution of land, 44, 45;
change of the population, government, 46;
made a separate kingdom, 50, 55;
connection with the affairs of Sicily, 76;
occupation by Aragon, 96;
restored, 106;
administration of Jayme II., 107-111;
noble families, 108, 109;
towns founded, 109;
coinage, 110;
usurpation of Pedro IV., 144, 145;
royal family of, 149, 159;
extinction of Majorca royal family, 155, 160;
visit of Juan I. of Aragon, 160;
help to Alfonso V. in conquest of Naples, 163;
Prince of Viana at, 167;
part of the kingdom of Spain, 169;
Majorcans as sailors and navigators, 171-174;
attacked by Barbary pirates, 137, 163, 177-179;
rebellion of the Comuneros, 180-188;
historians, 190-192;
for the Archduke Charles, 192;
liberties abolished by the Bourbons, 192, 193, areas of arborescent
growth, 213;
people, 214;
excellent mechanics, 216;
honesty of the people, 217;
place in history, 217, 218

Mallol, Berenguer, great sea captain, 65;
escorted Queen Constance to Sicily, 77;
on the watch, 85;
victory in Rosas Bay, 85, 87, 89

Mallorca. _See_ Majorca.

Malta, Lauria’s naval victory at, 66;
Majorcan Grand Masters, 194

Manacor founded, 35, 109

Manfred, King of Sicily, 48;
enmity of the Pope, 56;
invasion by Charles of Anjou, 58;
death, 58;
Queen of Aragon his heir, 76;
his daughter rescued, 81

Manuel, Infante of Castille, married Constance of Aragon, 49;
grants to, in Valencia, 50

Marche, Comte de la, 128

Mari family (_see_ Sant Mari), 165

Maria of Naples, wife of Sancho of Majorca, 137

Maria, daughter of Jayme I., nun, 49

Maritime law, code by Jayme I., 52

Markham, Captain. _See Centaur_.

Marlborough, Duke of, urged the capture of Minorca, 245

Marquet, Ramon, great sea captain, 65, 77, 85;
victory in Rosas Bay, 86, 87, 89

Marseilles, fleets equipped at, 65, 85

Marti, Jayme, 182

Martin, Pope, his curses against Aragon, 65.
_See_ Papal Aggression.

Martin, King of Aragon, 155;
founded the Cartuja at Valdemosa, 161, 162

Matagrifone, 81, 129;
Count of Andria recognised as Baron of, 129;
Jayme III., Lord of, 141

Mataplana, Hugo de, 13;
slain, 20

Matthews, Captain H.M.S. _Kent_, 259

Maud, Empress, contemporary with Petronilla, 5

Maza, Pedro, 42;
went to reduce Minorca, 43

Mediona, Guillem de, rebuked by King Jayme I. for coming out of
action, 18

Melazzo, 258

Mercadal in Minorca, 240, 263

Mercy, Count, Austrian general, to drive the Spaniards out of Sicily,
258-260

Messina, defeat of Charles of Anjou at, 60, 61, 63;
Pedro III. at: speech to the Sicilians, 64;
rejoicings at Lauria’s victories, 66;
Queen Constance at, 79, 81;
relieved by Roger de Flor, 102;
heiress of the Morea married to Prince Fernando of Majorca at, 129;
Sir George Byng off, 256;
siege, 260

Metellus and Romans occupied Minorca, 227

Michael, son of the Emperor Andronicus: his hatred of the Company, 104;
his murder of Roger de Flor, 105

_Milford_, H.M.S., Captain Philip Stanhope, 245

Minorca, 8;
subdued, 43, 44;
dimensions, 219;
surface and vegetation, 220;
plants, 220;
stalactitic cave, 221;
prehistoric remains, 221-224;
Phœnicians and Carthaginians, 225;
under the Romans, 227, and Moors, 228, 229;
conquest by Alfonso III. of Aragon, 230-234;
chronicler, 235;
Moors expelled, 236;
government under Aragon, 237;
attacked by pirates, 237-240;
British troops land, under Stanhope, 247;
under British rule, 253, 263;
magistracy, 267, 268;
judiciary, 268;
prosperity under British rule, 269;
value as a naval base, 258;
works on botany of, 270 (_n_);
peasantry, 267;
restored to England, 279;
re-taken by the French, 280;
recovered by England, 284;
ceded to Spain, 288;
subsequent condition, 289, 290

Mint at Palma, tax for support of, 110

Miramar, Lulio’s college at, 115;
King Sancho at, 139;
Archduke Luis-Salvator, 215, 216

Moanquels on Aragonese frontier, 74

Moix, Antonio and Perote, attack on the cave of Arta, 36

Mola, Cape, 289

Moncada, En Guillem de, Viscount of Bearne, 12;
in the leading ship of the fleet to invade Majorca, 13, 14;
rebuked the King’s foolhardiness, 17;
killed in battle, 20;
interment, 21

Moncada, Ramon de, 12, 14, 16;
slain, 20;
his son: coat of arms granted, 36;
Gaston de, grant of Soller to, 41;
one of the great Majorca feudatories, 45

Moncada, supporter of Federigo of Sicily, 100;
a viceroy of Majorca 190

Monjuich taken by Peterborough, 243

Monroy, 167

Monserrat, Marquis of, married Isabel of Majorca, 154

Montalto, Duchess of, 208

Monte Toro in Minorca, 219

Montenegro, Counts of. _See_ Despuig;
_see_ Raxa.

Monterey, Romana defeated by French at, 206

Montfort, Simon de, surrendered young Jayme, 6

Montpellier, Pedro II. married to heiress of, 6;
King Jayme in a ship of, 14;
marriage of Pedro III. and Constance at, 48;
Jayme II. of Minorca succeeded to, 50, 55, 56;
promise of France never to interfere with, 60, 105, 137;
sold to France by Jayme III., 147

Montserrat, 115

Monzon, Cortes meet at, 47

Moors overrun Spain to the Pyrenees, 1;
driven out of Barcelona and Zaragoza, 2;
Majorca under, 8, 10, 11;
of Majorca defeated, 16, 19;
in the mountains of Majorca, 37, 39;
surrender to Jayme I., 43;
in Minorca, 228-235.
_See_ Almeria; Barbary Pirates.

Morea, French principality in, 128, 129;
Louis, Prince of, his heirs, 129

Morey, noble family of Majorca, 108

Mujahid ibn al Amari, Amír of the Balearic Isles, 10

Muntaner, his Chronicle, 54, 55;
translations, 55 (_n_);
his opinion of King Manfred, 58;
a leader of the Catalan Company, 104;
in charge at Gallipoli, 122;
joined Prince Fernando at Thasos, 123;
on the prowess of Prince Fernando, 129;
Governor of Gerbes, 129;
came to Catania with wedding presents, 130;
takes Fernando’s child home, 131-134;
on the cold of the Majorcan winter, 232;
on Prince Fernando’s character, 132

Mur. _See_ Acarte de Mur.

Murat Castle, Pedro II. killed in battle near, 6

Murcia, conquest by Jayme I., 49

Murray, General, gallant defence of Minorca, 280

Murviedro, 186

Mustapha, Turkish leader who landed at Minorca, 240

Mut, Don Vicente, historian of Majorca, 191

Najara, battle of, Jayme IV. at, 153

Naples occupied by Charles of Anjou, 58;
naval victory of Roger de Lauria, 79;
Charles II. acknowledged as king by Jayme II. of Aragon, 98;
Queen married to Jayme IV. of Majorca, 152, 153;
taken by Alfonso V., 163, 167;
tournament at, 164, 166;
Prince of Viana escaped to, 167;
Sir George Byng’s fleet at, 255, 258

Narbonne, ship from, 13, 154

Naus. _See_ Prehistoric Remains.

Navarre founded by Garcia Jimenes, 2;
Juan II. of Aragon married heiress, 167;
Leonor married Gaston de Foix, 168

Navia de Suara, 206

Naya, Bertram de, brought King Jayme’s armour to him, 18

Negropont, 123

Nevers, Comte de, married a co-heiress of the Morea, 129

Ney, Marshal, 206

Nicotera, 63

Nobility of Majorca, 45, 108, 109;
murders by the Comuneros, 183;
take refuge at Alcudia, 182;
services, 193

Nona, besieged by the Company, 121

Noyet, captain at Ciudadela when besieged by the Turks, 240

Nuño de Sans at Las Navas de Tolosa, 5;
Count of Roussillon, 12, 14;
landed at Majorca, 16;
defeated the Moors, 19, 20;
fight for the water-supply, 27;
negotiations with the Amír, 29, 30, 32;
with Jayme I. at the caves, 35, 36;
with Jayme on his second visit to Majorca, 40;
one of the great feudatories of Majorca, 45;
death, Jayme I. his heir, 49

Nyborg in Funen, Spanish troops embarked at, 205, 208

Ochali, a renegade, 178

Oleza, noble family of Majorca, 108;
Bernardo de, Master of the Mint, 110;
Jayme served against Comuneros, 189

Olive cultivation, 110, 111, 213

Omeyya Khâlifahs, Balearic Isles under. _See_ Umiyyah.

_Orford_, H.M.S., in battle off Cape Passaro, 237

Oudenarde, 277

Oviedo, Romana at, 206

Pagano, illegitimate son of Prince Fernando of Majorca, 135, 142, 143;
married to Blanca, daughter of Ramon Sabellos, 143;
always faithful to Jayme III., 148

Palermo, Pedro III. crowned at, 60;
arrival of Queen Constance, 78;
Robert of Naples landed at, 128, 261

Palma, afterwards so called, Moorish capital of Majorca, 22;
gates, 22;
description, 23;
siege, 25, 26;
defence, 30;
assault, 31;
pillage, pestilence, 33;
cathedral commenced, 42, 43;
description of the cathedral, 112;
monastery of San Francisco founded, 113;
arsenal, 170;
Lonja, 175, 214;
Charles V. at, 176;
Comuneros, 181-188;
bookseller at, 192;
besieged by the Bourbon party, 192;
fortifications, 193;
Montenegro palace, 197, 198;
monument to Marquis of Romana in the cathedral, 208;
edifices, streets, palaces, 214;
Grand Hotel, 218;
Rambla and Paseo de Borne, 218

Palma Bay, 8, 22

Palomera, 14, 38

Palou, En Berenger de, Bishop of Barcelona, 12

Panisars, Hill of, 84, 154

Pantalen Island, King Jayme on, 14

Papal aggression against King Manfred of Sicily, 56, 57, 58;
against Aragon, 65, 82, 92;
mediation of Edward I. of England, 96.
_See_ Boniface VIII.; Martin.

Pascual, Pedro, procurator of Jayme III., 145

Passaro, Cape, defeat of Spanish fleet off, 257

Pax, Pedro, defended Belver against the Comuneros, 182, 183;
son commanded at Alcudia, 183;
Viceroy of Majorca, 190

Pedro II., King of Aragon, at Las Navas de Tolosa, 5;
married the heiress of Montpellier, 6;
father of Jayme I., 6

Pedro III., King of Aragon, 5;
birth and marriage, 40;
succession, 53;
character, 56;
denounced the Pope’s plot against King Manfred, 57;
took up Conradin’s glove, 58;
arrived in Sicily, 60;
crowned at Palermo, 60;
accepted the challenge of Charles of Anjou, 64;
speech to Sicilians at Messina, 64;
resolved to keep his tryst, 67;
preparations for his journey to Bordeaux, 68, 69;
his disguise, 70;
rode down the lists at Bordeaux, 73;
return in safety, 73, 74;
his horse’s hoof-marks, 74, 75;
grief at parting with Queen Constance, 77, 78;
embassy at Rome, 82;
repulse of the French invasion, 84-91;
reason for occupying Majorca, 92, 93;
death, 94;
character, 95

Pedro IV., King of Aragon, the Ceremonious, 143;
coveted Majorca, hated his cousin, 143, 144;
his intrigues against Majorca, 144;
his usurpation of Majorca, 145;
hatred of Jayme IV., 154;
death, 155

Pedro, Infante of Portugal, Governor of Majorca, 40, 42;
death, 49

Pedro, youngest son of Pedro III., 95

Pedro, brother of Alfonso V., killed at the siege of Naples, 167

Pedro, King of Castille, joined by Jayme IV. of Majorca, 153

Pera, Cape, King Jayme made bonfires at, 44

Peralada, birthplace of Muntaner, 54, 85, 90, 91

Peratallada, Bernardo de, companion of Pedro III. on his ride to
Bordeaux, 69-70;
rewarded, 74

Perpignan, 78;
French army at, 84, 105, 111, 127, 131, 148, 154;
Prince Fernando buried at, 132;
King Sancho buried at, 140;
seized by Pedro IV., 147

Peterborough, Earl of, 243

_Peterel_, H.M.S., 283

Petronilla, heiress of Aragon, marriage with the Count of Barcelona, 2

Philip. _See_ Felipe.

Philippe le Hardi, King of France:
married Isabel of Aragon, 49;
interview with the Aragonese kings, 59;
absolved by the Pope from keeping faith with Aragon, 65;
came to Bordeaux, 67;
discomfited, 74, 75;
called upon by the Pope to dethrone the King of Aragon, 82;
invasion, defeat, and death, 83, 84, 90

Philippe, eldest son of France:
opposed to the invasion of Aragon, 83, 84;
remonstrance to his father, 84;
flight from Catalonia with his father’s body, 90

Phœnicians at Minorca, 225

_Phœnix_, H.M.S., 273, 274

Pines (Aleppo), area covered with, in Majorca, 213

Pirates. _See_ Barbary.

Pisa, fleets of, oppose piracy of Majorcans, 11, 98

Plegamans, Ramon de, contractor for the Majorca invasion, 13;
newsagent, 39

Pollenza, Jayme I. off, 14, 28;
Moors land at, 176, relief expedition arrived at, 184;
desperate resistance of Comuneros, 185

Pont, Dr., Bishop of Palma, 185

Porrasa, 15;
cavalry landed at, 17, 94

Porreras founded, 109

_Portland_, H.M.S., 274

Port Mahon, 225;
founded, 227;
Alfonso III. at, 232;
built by order of Alfonso III., 235;
taken by Barbarossa, 237, 238;
joyfully received the British, 247;
a base for the British fleet, 253, 285;
Sir George Byng’s fleet at, 255;
capital under the British, 263;
description, 264

Portolani. _See_ Valseca.

Porto Pi, Moorish army at, 17, 28, 29;
King Jayme landed at, 42, 165;
hotel at, 218

Portugal: Infante Don Pedro, 40;
Isabel, Queen, 95

Prehistoric remains in Minorca: (1) towns; (2) naus; (3) taulas or
bilithons; (4) talayuts, 222-225

Procida, John of, 78

Provençal fleet, 66

Provence, Count of: daughters all Queens, 57

Puebla, 164, 186

Puig Cerdan, pass in the Pyrenees, 154

Puig Galatzo, 8

Puig Mayor, 8, 41

Puig de Massanella, 41

Puig de l’Ofre, 41

Puigdorfila, noble Majorcan family, 109;
Guillermo de, friend of King Jayme II., 118;
Juan de, 182;
murdered by Comuneros, 183

Pula, 246

Pyrenees, 1;
paths known to La Figuera, 63;
crossed by Jayme IV., 154

Quadruple Alliance, 254

Quinctilius Varro, 226

_Ramillies_, H.M.S., Byng’s flagship, 274

Ramiro I., first King of Aragon, 2

Ramis, Juan Ramis y, Chronicler of Minorca, wrote the ‘Alonsiada,’ 235;
his list of ‘Talayots,’ 223;
on the botany of Minorca, 270 (_n_)

Randa, 115

Raxa, country seat of the Counts of Montenegro, 195, 197

Raymond, Berenger, Cousin of Jayme I., 6;
Count of Barcelona 2, 4

Reggio, 64

_Revenge_, H.M.S., 274

Richard III. of England, 5

Richelieu, Duc de, captured Minorca, 273, 275

Ricos Hombres, 4

Robert, King of Naples, 92, 102;
starved Rocafort to death, 123;
designs against Federigo, 127;
landed at Palermo, 128;
besieged Trapani, truce, 128

Robertson, Mr., sent by Mr. Frere to communicate with Romana, 204

Rocaberti, Jofre, Viscount, 13;
Count of Campofranco, 109;
Pedro, Archbishop of Tarragona, 134

Rocafort, a knight in attendance on Jayme I., 18;
Berenguer de, a leader of the Catalan Company, 103;
disputes with Entenza, 105;
intrigues against Prince Fernando, 121, 122;
deposed, miserable death, 123

Rocafull, Don Guillem de, Viceroy of Majorca, 174, and Minorca, 241

Rodriguez y Femanias on the botany of Minorca, 271 (_n_)

Romana, Marquis de la (_see_ Caro):
creation, 201;
Pedro Caro, Marquis, his birth, 202;
friendship with Hookham Frere, 202;
character drawn by Southey, 202;
sent to Denmark with Spanish troops, 203;
return with troops, 205;
campaign in Galicia, 206;
on the Central Junta at Seville, 207;
with Wellington at Torres Vedras, 207;
death, appreciation by Wellington, 207;
monument at Palma, 208, 209;
later marquises and marriages, 209

Rosas Bay, 84, 85;
defeat of the French fleet, 87

Roussillon, 6;
Nuño do Sans, Count of, 12, 20, 49;
Jayme II. to succeed to, 50, 55, 56, 153

Rovira, Nicolas de, jailer of Jayme IV., killed, 152

Ruidemeya, Bernardo de, first to land in Majorca, 16

Sagrera, Guillem, architect of the Lonja at Palma, 175

Sagres, 174

Salonica, 122

Salou, fleet of Jayme I. assembled at, 13, 40, 94, 134, 232, 285

Salva, Pedro, architect of Belver, 114

Samnium, 225

Sancha, Princess of Majorca, married to King Robert of Naples, 92

Sancho, King of Majorca, 92, 107;
imprisoned by Alfonso III., 136;
succeeded, 136;
married Maria of Naples, 137;
precautions against Barbary pirates, 137;
negotiations respecting Montpellier, 137;
aid in conquest of Corsica and Sardinia, 138;
castle at Valdemosa, 138, 162;
his falcons, at Miramar, 139, 160;
death in the Pyrenees, 139;
his will, 140;
coinage, 140

Sancho, illegitimate son of Prince Fernando of Majorca, 136, 142, 143;
married Lauria, daughter of Ferrario Rossella, 143;
always faithful to his brother, Jayme III., 148

Sancho IV., usurping King of Castille:
promise to help Pedro III. against France, 83;
failure to keep his promise, Pedro incensed against him, 93;
alliance with Jayme II. of Aragon, 88

Sand, Georges, 162, 172, 173

Sans. _See_ Aluño de Sans.

Santander, 205

Santa Agueda, Monte de, in Minorca, 220;
surrender of Moors at, 234

Santañi founded, 109;
stones for Palma cathedral from, 112

Santa Ana, chapel in the Almudaina, 111

_San Carlos_ ship (sixty guns), 257

Santa Cilia, noble family of Majorca, 109;
inherited Alfavia, 142, 156;
coat of arms, 157;
Pedro Juan, received Charles V. at Palma, 176;
origin, 142;
friend of Jayme III., 142;
Arnaldo de, 157

San Clemente, Jayme de, rescued Jayme IV. from prison, 132

Santa Cruz Abbey:
Pedro III. and Admiral Roger de Lauria buried at, 94;
Alfonso III. at his father’s tomb, 96

San Felipe Castle, Minorca, 233;
siege and capture by Stanhope, 248;
description, 248;
attacked by the French, 274;
recovered, 284

San Francisco Abbey. _See_ Palma.

San Francisco at Port Mahon:
Moorish atrocities, 239

Santiago, 115

St. Julian Mount, in Sicily, 128

Santa Maria de Formiguera in Cerdaña, King Sancho died at, 134

San Miguel Church at Palma, 32

Sant Marti, noble family of Majorca, 109

San Nicolas Church at Palma: meeting of Comuneros, 181, 218

_Santa Rosa_, ship (sixty-four guns), 257

St. Stephen’s Cave, Minorca, 264, 265

San Vicente de Ferrer visited Majorca, 161, 163

St. Vincent, Lord, resolved to recover Minorca, 282;
resigned from ill health, 286

Sardinia ceded to Aragon by the Pope, 98, 118, 138, 143;
secured to Archduke Charles by Sir John Leake, 245;
seized by the Spaniards, 254

Saumarez, Admiral, in the Baltic, 202, 204

Saunders, Admiral, 276

Sciacca, 100

Scipio, 226

Seckendorf, Count, to occupy the Lipari Isles, 259

Serra, Ramon, at conquest of Minorca, 43

Severo, Bishop of the Balearic Isles, at the Council of Toledo, 228

Seville, Central Junta at, Romana on, 206, 207;
Jovellanos on, 211

Sicily, arms, 3;
Manfred, King of, 48;
Sicilian Vespers, 60;
delivered from the French yoke, 63;
Parliament condemned Charles II. of Anjou, 81;
abandoned to the Pope by Jayme II., defended by Federigo, 98;
Spanish army landed, 255, 256.
_See_ Pedro III., Constance, Federigo.

Silpia, 226

Sineu founded, 109

Soller, King Jayme I. landed at, 40;
peaks visible from, 40, 41;
Juan I. landed at, 160;
attacked by pirates, 178;
hotel at, 218

Soria, Jayme IV. of Minorca buried at, 155

Soult, Marshal, 206

Spanish Succession (_see_ Succession):
fleet chased by Byng, 257, 258;
troops evacuated Sicily, 261.
_See_ Romana.

Stanhope, General, account of, 244;
letter from Duke of Marlborough to, urging the capture of Minorca,
245;
his Minorca expedition, 245, 246;
captured the castle of San Felipe, 248, 249;
letter of the Emperor Charles VI. to, on the abandonment of the
Catalans, 251, 252

Stanhope, Captain Philip, H.M.S. _Milford_, 245;
death at siege of San Felipe, 249

Staremburg, Baron, 244

Stuart, General, 273;
recovered Minorca, 283