Chapter VII: The third occupation of Minorca--Loss of British rule (2)

Succession to the crown of Aragon after the death of King Martin, 162;
claimants, Count of Urgel, Fernando de Antiquera, Louis of Calabria,
Duke of Gandia, Count of Luna (whom see);
Spanish War of, 192, 242

_Superbe_, H.M.S., flagship of Sir G. Byng, 257, 273

Sureda, noble family of Majorca:
Count of Desbrull, 109;
Don Juan, 162;
Salvador, equipped vessels against pirates, 163;
duel with Valseca, 164, 166;
served against Comuneros, 189;
Viceroy of Majorca, 190, 214

Syracuse, 99, 101, 257

Talayots. _See_ Prehistoric Remains.

Taormina, 66, 260

Tarentum, Prince of, son of Charles II. of Anjou: sent to Sicily
against Federigo, taken prisoner, 99, 100

Tarragona, Archbishop of, 12;
Cortes at, for the invasion of Minorca, 231

_Taula. See_ Prehistoric Remains.

Teix of Valdemosa, 41

Templars, Master of the, lands, 16;
grant to, 46

Temple, Lord, 277, 278

Termens, En Oliver de: his dinner to King Jayme I., 20

Termini, 100, 261

Terminos, administrative divisions of Minorca, 263

Thasos, Prince Fernando and Muntaner at, 123

Ticknor on Jovellanos, 211

Togores, noble family of Majorca, Counts of Ayamans, 109;
title granted, 193;
Mateo, served against the Comuneros, 189, 214.
_See_ Moncada.

Toledo, Council of, Bishop of Balearic Isles at, 228

Torella de Monguin, 136

Tornamira, Berenguer de, 233

Toro, Monte, in Minorca, 219

Torre, Marquis de la (_see_ Truyalls), 21

Torrella, Bernardo de Santa Eugenia de, 12;
landed in Majorca with King Jayme, 16, 214;
fight for the water-supply at Canet, 27;
first Governor of Majorca, 37;
his brother the first Bishop, 37;
country seat at Canet, 37, 199;
his settlement of the country, 39, 42;
sent to subdue Minorca, 43;
Alfonso, resisted the Comuneros, 189

Torres Vedras, 207

Tortosa, Catalan dockyard at, 59;
retreat of the French from, 245

Toulouse, 154

Tournament at Naples, 164, 166;
at Bordeaux. _See_ Pedro III.

Trapani, 6, 57, 99, 128

Trebia, battle of, 225

Tremecen, sent help to Minorca Moors, 231

Trevanion, Captain, H.M.S. _York_, 245

Truyalls, noble family of Majorca, Marquis de la Torre, 109, 214;
Bernardo, executor of King Sancho’s will, 140

Tunis, King of, threatened invasion of Majorca, 39, 40

Tunis, expedition of Charles V. to 176, 237

Turks attack Minorca, 240

Tyrawly, Lord, 276

Ubaque, Dr. Francisco, sent to restore order in Majorca, 184

Umiyyah Khâlifas, Balearic Isles under, 10, 228

Urgel:
heiress married Infante of Portugal, 40;
occupied by Jayme IV., 154;
Count of, represented male line of House of Aragon, 162, 163

Uriols, 160

Urrea, Don Miguel de, Viceroy of Majorca during the Comuneros
troubles, 181-189

Utrecht, Treaty of: Catalans abandoned, 251

Valdemosa, Teix of, 41;
castle of King Sancho, 138;
Juan I. at, 160;
King Martin founded the Cartuja, 161;
summer residence of Don Juan Sureda, 162;
Georges Sand and Chopin at, 162;
attacked by pirates, 177, 183

Valencia, conquest by Jayme I., 48;
death of Jayme I. at, 56;
home of Muntaner, 54;
dockyard at, 59;
Jayme III. buried at, 130;
taken by Peterborough, 243

Valseca, his duel with Sureda, 164, 166

Valseca Portolano, description, 170-175;
owned by Amerigo Vespucci, 172

Velasco, Don Juan, 184, 188

Venetians, 123

Viana, Carlos, Prince of, 167, 168

Villafranca captured by Romana, 206

Villafranca de Panales, illness and death of Pedro III. at, 94

Villalonga, noble family of Majorca, 109, 189, 214, 215

Villalonga, Priamo de, 24;
his defence of the castle of Palma, 85

Villanova, a knight of Peralada, King of France died in his house, 90

Vines in Majorca, extent of cultivation, 109, 213

Violante of Aragon, Queen of Naples, 95

Violante of Aragon, wife of Alfonso X., 49

Violante of Hungary, Queen of Aragon, 8

Walton, Captain H.M.S. _Canterbury_, his business-like report, 257

Wellesley, Lord, 207

Wellington, Duke of, his appreciation of the Marquis of Romana, 207, 209

West, Rear-admiral, attacked the French ships of Minorca, 275;
superseded, but conduct approved, 276;
evidence of Byng’s court martial, 277;
disapproved of the execution of Byng, 278

Whitaker, Sir Edward, off Port Mahon, 248

Xilvella, a farm in Valencia, home of Muntaner, 54

Ximenes Ferrar, a leader in the Catalan Company, opposed to Rocafort,
121;
flight, 122

Xoarp, Moorish chief holding out in the Majorca mountains, 39

York, H.M.S., in Minorca expedition under Stanhope, 248;
off Minorca, 247

Zaforteza, noble family of Majorca, 109, 214;
inheritors of Alfavia, 156;
Don José Burguez Zaforteza, 156, 165;
arms 157

Zaforteza, Leonardo, 176

Zaforteza, Pedro Juan, escaped to Alcudia, 183, 189

Zaforteza, Viceroy of Majorca 190, 193

Zaforteza Palace at Palma, 214, 218

Zaragoza taken from the Moors, 2;
coronation of Pedro III. at, 56;
Pedro III. and his family at, 69, 74;
coronation of Alfonso III., 96;
coronation of Jayme II., 97

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] The more generally accepted story is that when the Count of Barcelona was severely wounded in a battle between Charles the Bald and the Normans, the Emperor came to the wounded Count’s tent and asked what reward he could give to a warrior to whom he owed so much. The Count asked for the grant of a charge on his plain gold shield. The Emperor dipped his hand in the blood from the Count’s wound, and passed his four fingers down the shield. ‘A device gained by blood,’ he said, ‘should be marked with blood.’

[2] The Teutonic word _Rik_ signified valiant or powerful, not rich in our sense. It was a frequent ending to names, as Theodoric, Alaric. The _Ricos Hombres_ of Aragon bore a caldron on their arms, as a sign that they could maintain many men in the field, and they used a _señera_, or banner. These were ‘Ricos Hombres do Señera.’ There were also nine families of ‘Ricos Hombres’ ‘le naturaleza,’ nobles before the Moors came. These were Cornelas, Lunas, Azagras, Forcas, Urreas, Alagones, Romeos, Entenzas, Lizanas. Several Castilian nobles, especially the Dukes of Medina Sidonia, also bore caldrons on their arms.

[3] Nine miles.

[4] November 30.

[5] The chronicle of Muntaner was written in the Catalan language, and first published at Valencia in 1558, and next at Barcelona in 1562. Buchon published a French translation at Paris in 1827 in the ‘Collection des croniques nationales Françaises.’ In 1844 an Italian translation was published at Florence. Buchon published a new translation in 1848 in the _Panthéon Littéraire_. Dr. Lanz published a German translation in 1842 at Leipzig; and added the Catalan text in a volume published at Stuttgart in 1844. In 1860 a Spanish translation, with the Catalan text in parallel columns, edited by Don Antonio de Bofarull, was published at Barcelona. As yet there is no English translation of this charming historical narrative. It was used by Gibbon.

[6] First cousin of En Pedro III. of Aragon.

[7] Aladil = , ‘the Just.’

[8] ‘Awake iron!’

[9] Between Palamos and Palafurgall, or Capes Gros and San Sebastian.

[10] Extinct.

[11] Extinct.

[12] The best account of the coinage of Majorca is in the Appendix to Bover’s _Historia de la casa real de Mallorca y noticia de las monedas proprias de esta isla_ (Palma, 1855).

[13] So says Fray Pedro Marsilio, the editor in Latin of the _Journal_ of Jayme I. But the olive grows wild in Majorca. The cultivated olive is grown from the plains to a height of two thousand feet in the mountains.

[14] _Carta historico-artistica sobre el edificio de la Iglesia Cathedral de Palma que escribio el Exmo Don Gaspar de Jovellanos_ (Palma, 1832).

[15] So called because, when he unjustly put the brothers Carbajal to death, they summoned him to meet them before the judgment-seat of God on a day which they named. Fernando IV. died suddenly on that very day.

[16] ‘Esperonte’ was a salient angle in the curtain of a fortified place, generally in front of a gate.

[17] A princess of Hainault, through another descent from the Prince of the Morea, also claimed the Lordship of Clarencia. Philippa of Hainault, Queen of Edward III., inherited this honorary title, and it was given to her second son Lionel. This is a more probable origin of the title than that it was derived from the Lordship of Clare. In that case it would be Clare, not Clarence.

[18] I have to thank Mr. Gilbert Ogilvy for the sketches of the chair, and the photograph.

[19] ‘_Sentencias Morales_’ de Nicolas de Pacho, quoted by Miguel Mir in his _Influencia de los Aragoneses en el descubrimiento de America_.

[20] Salazar, _Discursos sobre los progresos de la hidrografia_.

[21] See _Carta historico-artistica sobre el edificio de la Lonja de Mallorca_, escribio en 1807 el Exmo Señor Don Gaspar de Jovellanos (Palma, 1835).

[22] _Life and Acts of Don Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman_, translated and edited by Clements R. Markham (Hakluyt Society, 1862).

[23] _Nobiliario Mallorquin_, por Don Joaquim M. Bover (Palma, 1850). This is a very scarce book and difficult to get.

[24] Pp. 222-271. This excellent little book is also to be had in Mr. Guasp’s shop.

[25] _Nobleza de Andalusia_, Argote de Molina.

[26] _Wellington Dispatches_, January 26, 1811, vol. vii. p. 190.

[27] _History of Spanish Literature_, vol. iii. p. 281.

[28] _Etudes géologiques sur les Iles Baléares_ (Paris, 1879).

[29] _Flora de las Islas Baleares_ (Palma, 1879-1881). This book may also be got at the shop of Mr. Guasp, in Morey Street.

[30] _The Balearic Islands_, by Charles Toll Bidwell, H.M. Consul, 1876.

[31] Toulouse, 1892.

[32] See p. 44.

[33] See p. 94.

[34] See p. 62. Gayangos (in _Makkari_) says that ‘Almughawar,’ whence the Spanish ‘Almogavar,’ means a soldier employed in border warfare.

[35] From the root _Kharaf_, to collect the harvest. The collector of the land tax was called _Al-mokharif_.

[36] Since Dr. Cleghorn’s time, several natives of the island have studied its botany.

Juan Cursach, a native of Ciudadela, who was educated at Montpelier (1759-1837), published at Mahon his _Botanicus medicus ad medicinæ alumnorum usum_. He enumerated 270 plants, of which 160 were said to be natives.

Juan Ramis y Ramis, of Mahon (1746-1819), published at Mahon _Specimen animalium vegetabilium et mineralium in insula Minoricæ frequentiorum, ad normam Linneani sistematis._ He enumerates 140 plants.

Rafael Hernandez y Mercadal (1779-1857), a doctor of Mahon, formed a Minorca herbarium of 500 species. It is now lost.

Rafael Oles y Cuadredo, of Ciudadela (1806-1879), in 1859 called the _Droguero farmaceutico_. It includes an interesting account of the topography of the island.

Don Juan Joaquin Rodriquez y Femanias studied the vegetation of Minorca for many years, and published in 1865-68 a _Catalogo razonado de las plantas vasculares de Minorca_.

See also the _Flores de las islas Baleares_, 1870-81, of Francisco Barcelo y Combis.

[37] Bidwell, p. 308.

[Transcriber's Note:

Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]