Chapter XVIII

MODERN PORTUGAL--CIVIL WARS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT 409

John IV. his queen, and his sons Dom Pedro and Dom Miguel--Oporto and Lisbon revolt against the Regency--The Constitution of 1821--Brazil declares itself independent--The Constitution abrogated--Death of John VI.--The influence of the army--The Charter of 1826--Pedro IV. abdicates in favour of Maria II.--Dom Miguel, Regent--Elected King--Reign of Dom Miguel--The “Miguelite” war, 1830-34--Convention of Evora Monte--Reign of Maria da Gloria--Civil wars and “pronunciamentos”--Era of peaceful parliamentary government--Reigns of Pedro V. and Luis I.--Accession of Carlos I.--The Portuguese settlements in Africa--Material prosperity--The literary revival--Lessons taught by the history of Portugal--Conclusion.

INDEX 433

GENEALOGICAL TABLES--

I. The Descendants of John “the Great” 139

II. The Descendants of Emmanuel 279

III. The Dukes of Braganza 303

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

PRINCE HENRY OF PORTUGAL _Frontispiece_

SPECIMEN OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE 9

VIEW OF OPORTO AND VILLA NOVA FROM THE SERRA CONVENT 16

COIMBRA (PRESENT STATE) 27

A VIEW OF THE ANCIENT MOORISH BATH AT CINTRA 42

ARCH OF THE WESTERN ENTRANCE TO AN OLD CHAPEL AT LEIRIA 47

VIEW OF LISBON 50

CONVENTO DE CHRISTO AT THOMAR 61

PRINCIPAL FAÇADE OF THE IGREGA DOS JERONYMOS AT BELEM (PRESENT STATE) 68

GATE AND WINDOW OF THE MONASTERY OF BELEM 77

FAÇADE OF LISBON CATHEDRAL 82

INES DE CASTRO 96

VIEW OF THE PALACE AT LISBON 108

TWO SIDES OF THE ROYAL CHAPEL OF THE MONASTERY OF BATALHA (PRESENT STATE) 112

KING JOHN THE GREAT 116

QUEEN PHILIPPA 123

PORTUGUESE GOLD COINS 136, 137

ST. SALVADOR IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 142

STATUE OF PRINCE HENRY 152

TOMB OF PRINCE HENRY 155

CHART OF GOA 166

VASCO DA GAMA 168

ALBOQUERQUE, FROM THE SLOANE MS. 194

ALBOQUERQUE, FROM AN ENGRAVING BY SILVA 202

DOM JOÃO CASTRO 210

PROCESSION OF AN AUTO DA FÉ 232

LISBON IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 239

VIEW UP THE DOURO TOWARDS OPORTO 250

LUIS DE CAMOENS 269

JOÃO DE BARROS 275

PHILIP II. 282

FIGURES OF MEN AT AN AUTO DA FÉ 293

PORTUGUESE GENTLEMEN 310

JOHN IV. 322

CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA 328

PEDRO II. 335

OPORTO (PRESENT STATE) 339

SPECIMENS OF PORTUGUESE AND COPPER COINS 344, 345

THE MARQUIS OF POMBAL 356

BULL FIGHT 366

A PORTUGUESE MERCHANT, WITH HIS WIFE AND MAID-SERVANT 384

MARSHAL JUNOT, DUKE OF ABRANTES 394

PORTUGUESE PEASANTS 398

A FEMALE PEASANT FROM THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF CALDAS DA RAINHA 403

[A number of the views illustrating Portuguese scenery are taken from photographs; others are copied from W. M. Kinsey’s “Portugal Illustrated,” London, 1829; other volumes which have supplied illustrations are “Les Royaumes d’Espagne et Portugal,” La Haye, 1720; Murphy’s “Travels in Portugal,” 1798; Major’s “Prince Henry the Navigator,” &c., &c.]

THE KINGS OF PORTUGAL

THE HOUSE OF BURGUNDY.

DATE

Affonso Henriques (Count of Portugal 1114), King 1140 Sancho I. “the City-Builder” 1185 Affonso II. “the Fat” 1211 Sancho II. 1223 Affonso III. “of Boulogne” (Defender of the Realm 1246) 1248 Diniz “the Labourer” 1279 Affonso IV. “the Brave” 1325 Pedro I. “the Severe” 1357 Ferdinand “the Handsome” 1367

THE HOUSE OF AVIZ.

John I. “the Great” 1385 Edward 1433 Affonso V. “the African” 1438 John II. “the Perfect” 1481 Emmanuel “the Fortunate” 1495 John III. 1521 Sebastian 1557 Henry “the Cardinal” 1578

THE SPANISH DOMINION.

Philip I. (Philip II. of Spain) 1580 Philip II. (Philip III. of Spain) 1598 Philip III. (Philip IV. of Spain) 1621

THE HOUSE OF BRAGANZA.

John IV. 1640 Affonso VI. 1656 Pedro II. (Regent 1667) 1683 John V. 1706 Joseph 1750 Maria I. and Pedro III. 1777 Maria I. alone 1786 John VI. (Regent 1799) 1816 Pedro IV. abdicated 1826 Maria II. 1826 (Miguel, 1828-1834.) Maria II. 1834 Pedro V. 1853 Luis I. 1861 Carlos I. 1889

THE STORY OF PORTUGAL.