Chapter I: Front Matter

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THE TREATMENT OF
ARMENIANS IN THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE

DOCUMENTS PRESENTED TO
VISCOUNT GREY OF FALLODON
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

WITH A PREFACE BY
VISCOUNT BRYCE

LAID BEFORE THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
AS AN OFFICIAL PAPER AND NOW
PUBLISHED BY PERMISSION

HODDER AND STOUGHTON
ST. PAUL’ S HOUSE, WARWICK SQUARE, LONDON
AND AT NEW YORK AND TORONTO
MCMXVI

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

-------

_The titles are italicised in the case of documents which relate merely
to the condition of refugees in Egypt and Caucasia, and not to the
events in Turkey and N.W. Persia of which these refugees had been
the victims._

PAGE

Map of Districts affected Frontispiece

Correspondence between Viscount Grey of Fallodon and Viscount
Bryce xv.

Preface by Viscount Bryce xxi.

Letter from Mr. H.A.L. Fisher, Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield
University, to Viscount Bryce xxix.

Letter from Prof. Gilbert Murray, Regius Professor of Greek in
the University of Oxford, to Viscount Bryce xxxi.

Letter from Mr. Moorfield Storey, ex-President of the American
Bar Association, to Viscount Bryce xxxii.

Letter from Four German Missionaries to the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs at Berlin xxxiii.

Memorandum by the Editor of the Documents xxxv.

I.—GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS. 1

1. Despatch from Mr. Henry Wood, Correspondent of the
American “United Press” at Constantinople; published
in the American Press, 14th August, 1915 2

2. Despatch, dated 11th June, 1915, from an especially
well-informed neutral source at Constantinople;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 4

3. Extract from a letter, dated Arabkir, 25th June/8th
July, 1915, communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 5

4. Letter from an authoritative source, dated
Constantinople, 15/28th June, 1915; published in the
New York journal “Gotchnag,” 28th August, 1915 6

5. Letter from the same source, dated Constantinople,
12/25th July, 1915; published in the New York journal
“Gotchnag,” 28th August, 1915 8

6. Letter from the same source, dated Constantinople,
13/26th July, 1915, and addressed to a distinguished
Armenian resident beyond the Ottoman frontier 9

7. Letter from the same source, dated Constantinople,
2nd/15th August, 1915, and addressed to the same
Armenian resident beyond the Ottoman frontier 12

8. Extracts from a letter, dated Athens, 8th/21st July,
1915, from an Armenian formerly resident in Turkey to
a prominent Armenian in Western Europe 17

9. Letter, dated 3rd/16th August, 1915, conveyed beyond
the Ottoman frontier by an Armenian refugee from
Cilicia in the sole of her shoe 20

10. Letter from Mr. N., a foreign resident at
Constantinople, dated 27th August, 1915; communicated
by the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian
Relief 22

11. Memorandum dated 15/28th October, 1915, from a
well-informed source at Bukarest, relating to the
extermination of the Armenians in Turkey 23

12. Information regarding events in Armenia, published in
the “Sonnenaufgang” (organ of the “German League for
the Promotion of Christian Charitable Work in the
East”), October, 1915; and in the “Allgemeine
Missions-Zeitschrift,” November, 1915 25

13. Statement made by a foreign resident at Constantinople
to a Swiss gentleman at Geneva; communicated by the
latter 28

14. Cablegram, dated 4th May, 1916, transmitted through
the State Department at Washington to the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, from the
Committee’s representatives in Turkey 29

II.—VILAYET OF VAN 31

15. The American Mission at Van: Narrative printed
privately in the United States by Miss Grace Higley
Knapp (1915) 32

16. Van: Letter dated Van, 7th June, 1915, from Mr. Y.K.
Rushdouni; published in the “Manchester Guardian,” 2nd
August, 1915 48

17. Van: Narrative by Mr. Y.K. Rushdouni, published
serially in the Armenian journal “Gotchnag,” of New
York 52

18. Van after the Turkish retreat: Letter from Herr
Spörri, of the German Mission at Van, published in the
German journal “Sonnenaufgang,” October, 1915 71

19. Van after the massacres: Narrative of Mr. A.S.
Safrastian, dated Van, 2nd December, 1915, and
published in the Armenian journal “Ararat,” of London,
January, 1916 72

20. Van: Interview with a refugee, Mrs. Gazarian,
published in the “Pioneer Press,” of St. Paul,
Minnesota, U.S.A. 76

III.—VILAYET OF BITLIS 79

21. The North-Eastern Vilayets: Statement communicated by
the Refugee Roupen, of Sassoun, to the Armenian
Community at Moscow; published in the Russian Press,
and subsequently reprinted in the “Gazette de
Lausanne,” 13th February, 1916 0

22. Bitlis, Moush and Sassoun: Record of an interview with
Roupen, of Sassoun, by Mr. A.S. Safrastian, dated
Tiflis, 6th November, 1915 83

23. Moush: Statement by a German eye-witness of
occurrences at Moush; communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 88

24. Moush District: Narrative of a deported woman, related
by her to Mr. Vartkes, of Moush, recorded by him on
the 25th July, 1915, and published subsequently in the
Armenian journal “Van-Tosp” 92

25. Moush: Résumé of information furnished by refugees in
the Caucasus and published in the Caucasian Press,
especially in the Armenian journal “Mschak”; compiled
by Mr. G.H. Paelian, and communicated by him to the
Armenian journal “Ararat,” of London, March, 1916 94

26. Bitlis: Letter dated 14th October, 1915, from a
foreign resident at Bitlis to a German official;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 96

IV.—AZERBAIJAN AND HAKKIARI 99

27. Urmia: Statement by the Rev. William A. Shedd, D.D.,
of the American (Presbyterian) Mission Station at
Urmia; communicated by the Board of Foreign Missions
of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 100

28. First Exodus from Urmia, January, 1915: Report, dated
1st March, 1915, from the Rev. Robert M. Labaree, of
the American Mission Station at Urmia, to the Hon. F.
Willoughby Smith, U.S. Consul at Tiflis; communicated
by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian
Church in the U.S.A. 105

29. Azerbaijan, behind the Russian front: Extracts from a
series of letters by the Rev. Robert M. Labaree;
communicated by the Board of Foreign Missions of the
Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 110

30. Tabriz: Letter dated Tabriz, 17th March, 1915, from
the Rev. F.N. Jessup; communicated by the Board of
Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the
U.S.A. 113

31. Urmia during the Turco-Kurdish occupation: Diary of a
Missionary, edited by Miss Mary Schauffler Platt, and
published by the Board of Foreign Missions of the
Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 119

32. Urmia after its evacuation by the Turks and Kurds:
Letter dated Urmia, 20th May, 1915, from Mrs. J.P.
Cochran to friends in the United States; communicated
by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian
Church in the U.S.A. 151

33. Urmia: Letter, dated Urmia, 25th May, 1915, from the
Rev. Y.M. Nisan to the Rev. F.N. Heazell, Organising
Secretary of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Assyrian
Mission 156

34. Urmia: Narrative of Dr. Jacob Sargis, recorded in a
despatch, dated Petrograd, 12th February, 1916, from
the correspondent at Petrograd of the American
“Associated Press” 158

35. Urmia: Extracts from the Annual Report (for the year
1915) presented by the Medical Department at Urmia to
the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian
Church in the U.S.A. 161

36. Urmia, Salmas and Hakkiari: Statement by Mr. Paul
Shimmon, published in the Armenian journal “Ararat,”
of London, November, 1915 164

37. Hakkiari: Statement by Mr. Paul Shimmon, published in
the “Churchman” newspaper, and subsequently issued as
a pamphlet; communicated by Mrs. D.S. Margoliouth, of
Oxford 169

38. Refugees from the Hakkiari District: Series of
extracts from letters by members of the American
Mission Station at Urmia; communicated by the Board of
Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the
U.S.A. 172

39. Refugees from Hakkiari: Letter dated 26th September/
9th October, 1915, from a relative of Mar Shimun, the
Patriarch; communicated by the Rev. F.N. Heazell 175

40. Refugees from Hakkiari: Letter, dated Diliman,
1st/14th April, 1916, from Surma, the sister of Mar
Shimun, to Mrs. D.S. Margoliouth, of Oxford 177

41. The Nestorians of the Bohtan District: Letter, dated
Salmas, 6th March, 1916, from the Rev. E.W. McDowell,
of the Urmia Mission Station, reporting information
brought by a young man (with whom Mr. McDowell was
previously acquainted) who had escaped the massacre;
communicated by the Board of Foreign Missions of the
Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 180

42. Second Exodus from Urmia: Letter dated Tabriz, 20th
August, 1915, from Mr. Hugo A. Müller (Treasurer of
the American Mission Station at Urmia); communicated
by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian
Church in the U.S.A. 182

43. Second Exodus from Urmia: Narrative of a Nestorian
victim, the wife of the Rev. David Jacob, of Urmia,
published in the Armenian journal “Ararat,” of London,
January, 1916 184

44. Urmia District: Report on the distribution of relief,
covering the period 1st June to 31st December, 1915;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 187

45. Azerbaijan: Statement, dated Tiflis, 22nd February,
1916, by Mr. M. Philips Price, War Correspondent for
various British and American newspapers on the
Caucasian Front; communicated to Aneurin Williams,
Esq., M.P., and published in the Armenian journal
“Ararat,” of London, March, 1916 191

V.—THE REFUGEES IN THE CAUCASUS 193

46. The Flight to the Caucasus: Despatches to the Armenian
journal “Horizon,” of Tiflis, from Mr. Sampson
Aroutiounian, President of the Armenian National
Committee of Tiflis, who went in person to meet the
Refugees 194

47. The Flight to the Caucasus: Despatch from the special
correspondent of the Armenian journal “Arev,” of Bakou 197

48. _Memorandum on the condition of Armenian Refugees in
the Caucasus and Orphans at Van; compiled in the
British Foreign Office from information, dated 9th
December, 1915, which was furnished by Mr. Stevens,
British Consul at Batoum_ 199

49. _Memorandum on the condition of Armenian Refugees in
the Caucasus; compiled in the British Foreign Office
from information, dated 29th December, 1915, which was
furnished by Mr. Stevens, British Consul at Batoum_ 203

50. _Report on the activity of Armenian Refugee Relief
Organisations in the Caucasus and Turkish Armenia;
enclosed in a despatch (No. I.), dated Batoum, 3rd
January, 1916, from Mr. Consul Stevens to the British
Foreign Office_ 208

51. _Refugees in the Caucasus: Letter dated Erivan, 29th
December, 1915, from the Rev. S.G. Wilson to Dr.
Samuel T. Dutton, Secretary of the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief_ 216

52. _Repatriation of Refugees: Letter, dated Erivan (?),
March 1916, from the Rev. S.G. Wilson; communicated by
the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief_ 219

VI.—VILAYET OF ERZEROUM 221

53. Erzeroum: Record of an Interview between the Rev. H.J.
Buxton and the Rev. Robert Stapleton, a missionary of
the American Board, resident at Erzeroum from before
the outbreak of war until after the capture of the
city by the Russians 222

54. Erzeroum: Report, dated 25th September, 1915, drawn up
by the American Consul-General at Trebizond, after his
return from a visit to Erzeroum; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 228

55. Erzeroum: Abstract of a Report by Mr. B.H. Khounountz,
representative of the “All-Russian Urban Union”, on a
visit to Erzeroum after the Russian occupation;
published in the Armenian journal “Horizon,” of
Tiflis, 25th February, 1916 231

56. Erzeroum: Abstract of a Report by Dr. Y. Minassian,
who accompanied Mr. Khounountz to Erzeroum as
representative of the Caucasian Section of the
“All-Russian Urban Union”; published in the Armenian
journal “Mschak,” of Tiflis, 8th March, 1916 233

57. Erzeroum: Statement by Mr. A.S. Safrastian, dated
Tiflis, 15th March, 1916 236

58. Erzeroum: Statement by the Kurd Ali-Aghazadé Faro,
published in the Armenian journal “Mschak,” 19th
December, 1915 241

59. Baibourt: Narrative of an Armenian lady deported in
the third convoy; communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 242

60. Baibourt: Statement, reproduced from the Armenian
journal “Horizon,” of Tiflis, in the Armenian journal
“Gotchnag,” of New York, 18th March, 1916 244

61. Baibourt, Keghi, and Erzindjan: Letter, dated
Erzeroum, 25th May/7th June, 1915; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 245

62. Erzindjan: Statement by two Red Cross Nurses of Danish
Nationality, formerly in the service of the German
Military Mission at Erzeroum; communicated by a Swiss
gentleman of Geneva 246

63. Kamakh and Erzeroum: Statement published in the New
York journal “Gotchnag,” 4th September, 1915 255

VII.—VILAYET OF MAMOURET-UL-AZIZ 257

64. H.: Statement made by Miss D.A., a Danish lady in the
service of the German Red Cross at H., to Mr. D.B., at
Basle, and communicated by Mr. D.B. to Lord Bryce 258

65. H.: Report, dated 11th July, 1915, from a foreign
resident at H.; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 262

66. H.: Memorandum forwarded by a foreign resident at H.
(the author of the preceding report); communicated by
the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 265

67. H.: Narrative of an Armenian Refugee from H.;
communicated to Lord Bryce by the correspondent of the
London “Times” at Bukarest 268

68. Mamouret-ul-Aziz: Narrative of an Armenian lady
deported from C. (a place half-an-hour’s distance from
H.), describing her journey from C. to Ras-ul-Ain;
written after her escape from Turkey, and dated
Alexandria, 2nd November, 1915; published in the
Armenian journal “Gotchnag,” of New York, 8th January,
1916 271

69. H.: Statement by the Principal of the College, dated
19th July, 1915; communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 278

70. H.: Statement by the Principal of the College, dated
19th July, 1915, relating to the deportation of
Armenians from villages in the neighbourhood of H.;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 281

71. H.: Letter, dated 10th November, 1915, from the
Principal of the College at H. to Mr. N. at
Constantinople; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 282

VIII.—VILAYET OF TREBIZOND, AND SANDJAK OF SHABIN KARA-HISSAR 285

72. Trebizond: Report from a foreign resident at
Trebizond; communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 286

73. Trebizond: Extracts from an interview with Comm. G.
Gorrini, late Italian Consul-General at Trebizond;
published in the journal “Il Messaggero,” of Rome,
25th August, 1915 290

74. Trebizond: Narrative of the Montenegrin Kavass of the
local branch of the Ottoman Bank; published in the
Armenian journal “Arev,” of Alexandria, 2nd October,
1915 293

75. Kerasond (Kiresoun), Trebizond and Shabin Kara-Hissar:
Evidence collected by an Armenian gentleman from
eye-witnesses now in Roumania; communicated by the
correspondent of the London “Times” at Bukarest 294

76. Trebizond and Erzeroum: Despatch from the
correspondent of the London “Times” at Bukarest, dated
Bukarest, 18th May, and published on the 22nd May,
1916 299

IX.—SIVAS: THE CITY AND PARTS OF THE VILAYET 301

77. Sivas: Letter from a foreign resident at Sivas, dated
13th July, 1915; communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 302

78. Sivas: Letter written from Malatia by Miss Mary L.
Graffam, Principal of the Girls’ High School at Sivas,
to a correspondent at Constantinople; reprinted from
the Boston “Missionary Herald,” December, 1915 305

79. Extracts from a letter, dated Massachusetts, 29th
August, 1915, from another foreign resident at Sivas
to Mr. G.H. Paelian 309

80. Sivas: Narrative of a naturalised Ottoman subject,
dated New York City, 10th March, 1916; communicated by
the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 311

81. Sivas: The Adventures of Murad; narrated by “S.H.S.”
in the journal “The New Armenia,” of New York, 1st
March, 1916 317

82. Sivas: Record of an Interview given by the Refugee
Murad to Mr. A.S. Safrastian at Tiflis 320

X.—SANDJAK OF KAISARIA 327

83. Kaisaria: Statement by a traveller from Kaisaria,
published in the Armenian journal “Balkanian Mamoul,”
of Roustchouk 328

84. Everek: Statement published in the Armenian journal
“Gotchnag,” of New York, 28th August, 1915 329

85. K.: Letter from a foreign resident at K., dated 16th
November, 1915; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 330

XI.—THE TOWN OF X. 331

86. X.: Narrative of the Principal of the College at X.;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 332

87. X.: Address delivered in America, 13th December, 1915,
by a professor from the College at X.; communicated by
the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 336

88. X.: Statement by Miss AA., a foreign traveller in
Turkey; communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 349

89. Narrative of Miss AA., a foreign traveller in Asiatic
Turkey, describing a journey from X. to Z., 10th
August to 6th September, 1915; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 356

90. X.: Report from Mr. AL., a foreign resident at L., in
Asiatic Turkey, dated 26th August, 1915; communicated
by the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian
Relief 364

91. X. (?): Narrative of a foreign resident of German
nationality; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 367

92. X.: Letter, dated New York City, 30th December, 1915,
from Professor QQ., of the College at X., to an
Armenian Professor resident beyond the Ottoman
frontier 369

93. X.: Narrative of a journey from X. to Constantinople,
by Professor QQ., of the College at X.; communicated
by the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian
Relief 373

94. X.: Narrative of Miss CC., communicated by her to a
Swiss gentleman at Geneva during her passage through
Switzerland in December, 1915 378

XII.—THE CITY OF ANGORA 381

95. Angora: Statement by a traveller, not of Armenian
nationality, who passed through Angora in August, 1915 382

96. Angora: Extract from the narrative (Doc. 88 of Miss
AA., a foreign traveller in Asiatic Turkey;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 385

97. Angora: Extract from a letter dated 16th September,
1915; appended to the Memorandum (Doc. 11, dated
15/28th October, 1915, from a well-informed source at
Bukarest 388

XIII.—THRACE, CONSTANTINOPLE, BROUSSA AND ISMID 389

98. The Metropolitan Districts: Information published in
the Armenian journal “Gotchnag,” of New York 390

99. Constantinople: Letter, dated Constantinople, 13/26th
October, 1915, from an Armenian inhabitant; published
in the Armenian journal “Balkanian Mamoul,” of
Roustchouk 392

100. Adrianople: Despatch from the correspondent of the
London “Times” at Bukarest, dated 18th December and
published on the 21st December, 1915 394

101. Broussa: Report by a foreign visitor to the city,
dated 24th September, 1915; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 395

102. Adapazar: Statement, dated 24th September, 1915, by a
foreign resident in Turkey; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 398

103. Adapazar: Fuller statement by the author of the
preceding document; published in the journal “The New
Armenia,” of New York, 15th May, 1916 400

XIV.—THE ANATOLIAN RAILWAY 407

104. The Anatolian Railway: Narrative of a journey, during
the deportation of the Armenians, by a physician of
foreign nationality, who had been resident in Turkey
for ten years; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 409

105. Eski Shehr: Letter from an Armenian victim, published
in the Armenian journal “Horizon,” of Tiflis, 30th
October/12th November, 1915 414

106. Afiun Kara Hissar: Letter dated Afiun Kara Hissar,
10th/23rd September, 1915; published in the Armenian
journal “Horizon,” of Tiflis, 30th October/12th
November, 1915 416

107. Afiun Kara Hissar: Résumé of a letter, dated Afiun
Kara Hissar, 2nd/15th October, 1915; appended to the
Memorandum (Doc. 11, dated 15/28th October, 1915, from
a well-informed source at Bukarest 417

108. Afiun Kara Hissar: Letter, dated Massachusetts, 22nd
November, 1915, from an American traveller;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 418

109. Q.: Report from Dr. D., dated Q., 8th September, 1915;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 421

110. Q.: Report from Dr. E., dated Q., 3rd September, 1915;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 426

111. Q.: Letter from Dr. E., dated 27th October, 1915;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 431

112. Q.: Letter, dated Q., 25th November, 1915, from Dr. E.
to Mr. N. at Constantinople; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 433

113. Konia: Résumé of a letter, dated Konia, 2nd/15th
October, 1915; appended to the Memorandum (Doc. 11),
dated 15th/28th October, 1915, from a well-informed
source at Bukarest 437

114. Baghdad Railway: Diary of a foreign resident in the
town of B., on a section of the line; edited by
William Walter Rockwell, Esq., Ph.D., and published by
the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief
(1916) 438

115. AE., a town on the Railway: Series of Reports from a
foreign resident at AE., communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 450

116. The Taurus and Amanus passes: Extracts from a Letter,
dated Aleppo, 5th November, 1915, from Dr. L., a
foreign resident in Turkey, to Mr. N. at
Constantinople; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 454

117. The Amanus passes: Statements by two Swiss residents
in Turkey; communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 455

118. Smyrna—Aleppo—Damascus—Aleppo—Smyrna: Itinerary of a
foreign traveller in Asiatic Turkey; communicated by
the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 459

XV.—CILICIA (VILAYET OF ADANA AND SANDJAK OF MARASH) 465

119. Cilicia: Address (with enclosure), dated 3rd July,
1915, from the Armenian Colony in Egypt to His
Excellency Lieutenant-General Sir J.G. Maxwell,
Commander-in-Chief of His Britannic Majesty’s Forces
in Egypt 468

120. Cilicia: Letter, dated 20th June, 1915, from Dr. L., a
foreign resident in Turkey; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 472

121. BM.: Letter from a foreign eye-witness, dated 6th
July, 1915, on board a steamship; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 474

122. Zeitoun: Antecedents of the deportation, recorded by
the Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, Secretary of the Cairo
Committee of the American Red Cross, from an oral
statement by the Rev. Dikran Andreasian, Pastor of the
Armenian Protestant Church at Zeitoun 479

123. Exiles from Zeitoun: Diary of a foreign resident in
the town of B. on the Cilician plain; communicated by
a Swiss gentleman of Geneva 482

124. Exiles from Zeitoun: Further statement by the author
of the preceding document; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 487

125. Exiles from Zeitoun: Letter, dated Konia, 17th July,
1915, from a foreign resident at Konia to Mr. N. at
Constantinople; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 490

126. AF.: Statement, dated 16th December, 1915, by a
foreign resident at AF.; communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 492

127. AF.: Record of individual cases, drawn up by the
author of the preceding statement, and dated 17th
December, 1915 500

128. Adana: Statement, dated 3rd December, 1915, by a
foreign resident at Adana; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 502

129. Adana: Statement, dated 9th May, 1916, by Miss Y., a
foreign resident at Adana, recording her experiences
there from September, 1914, to September, 1915 505

XVI.—JIBAL MOUSA 511

130. Jibal Mousa: The defence of the mountain and the
rescue of its defenders by the French Fleet; narrative
of an eye-witness, the Rev. Dikran Andreasian, Pastor
of the Armenian Protestant Church at Zeitoun 512

131. Jibal Mousa: Report, dated Egypt, 28th September,
1915, on the Armenian Refugees rescued and transported
to Port Said by the cruisers of the French Fleet;
drawn up by Mgr. Thorgom, Bishop of the Gregorian
Community in Egypt 521

132. _Jibal Mousa: Another report on the Refugees at Port
Said, drawn up by Mr. Tovmas K. Muggerdichian,
formerly Dragoman of the British Consulate at
Diyarbekir_ 525

XVII.—THE TOWNS OF OURFA AND AC. 527

133. Ourfa: Letter, dated Ourfa, 14th June, 1915, from Mr.
K.; communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 528

134. Ourfa: Extract from a letter by Mr. Tovmas K.
Muggerdichian; published in the Armenian journal
“Gotchnag,” of New York, 1st April, 1916 530

135. Ourfa: Interview with Mrs. J. Vance Young, an
eye-witness of the events at Ourfa; published in the
“Egyptian Gazette,” 28th September/11th October, and
reproduced in the Armenian journal “Houssaper,” of
Cairo, 30th September/13th October, 1915 531

136. Ourfa: Postscript to a memorandum (Doc. 141 by a
foreign witness from Aleppo; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 532

137. AC.: Statement by Miss A., a foreign resident at AC.,
written subsequently to her departure from Turkey in
September, 1915; communicated by the Rev. I.N. Camp,
of Cairo 533

138. AC.: Letters from an Armenian inhabitant, describing
the deportation of Armenians from Cilicia;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 544

XVIII.—VILAYET OF ALEPPO 545

139. Aleppo: Series of Reports from a foreign resident at
Aleppo; communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 547

140. Aleppo: Memorandum, dated Aleppo, 18th June/1st July,
1915; communicated by the American Committee for
Armenian and Syrian Relief 551

141. Aleppo: Memorandum by a foreign witness from Aleppo;
communicated by the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief 552

142. Aleppo: Message, dated 17th February, 1916, from
Fraülein O.; published in the German journal
“Sonnenaufgang,” April, 1916 555

XIX.—VILAYET OF DAMASCUS AND SANDJAK OF DER-EL-ZOR 557

143. Damascus: Report from a foreign resident at Damascus,
dated 20th September, but containing information up to
the 3rd October, 1915; communicated by the American
Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 558

144. Exiles on the Euphrates: Record, dated Erzeroum, June,
1915, by M. Henry Barby, of an interview with Dr. H.
Toroyan, an Armenian physician formerly in the service
of the Ottoman Army; published in “Le Journal,” of
Paris, 13th July, 1916 562

145. Der-el-Zor: Letter, dated 12th July, 1915, from
Schwester L. Möhring, a German missionary, describing
her journey from Baghdad to the passes of Amanus;
published in the German journal “Sonnenaufgang,”
September, 1915 566

XX.—DOCUMENTS RECEIVED WHILE GOING TO PRESS 571

146. Despatch from Mr. Henry Wood (Doc. 1: Fuller version,
obtained through the courtesy of the representative of
the American “United Press” in London 572

147. Urmia, Salmas, and Hakkiari: Fuller statement by Mr.
Paul Shimmon, edited, as a pamphlet, by the Rev. F.N.
Heazell, Organising Secretary of the Archbishop of
Canterbury’s Assyrian Mission 577

148. First exodus from Urmia: Narrative of Mr. J.D.
Barnard, of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Assyrian
Mission; published in the “Assyrian Mission Quarterly
Paper,” April, 1915 587

149. Erzeroum: Letter, dated 21st March, 1916, from the
Rev. Robert S. Stapleton to the Hon. F. Willoughby
Smith, U.S. Consul at Tiflis; communicated by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 589

A Summary of Armenian History up to and including the year 1915 591

I.—The European War and Armenia 593

II.—An Outline of Armenian History 596

III.—Dispersion and Distribution of the Armenian Nation 607

IV.—The Armenian People and the Ottoman Government 617

V.—The Deportations of 1915: Antecedents 627

VI.—The Deportations of 1915: Procedure 637

Annexe A 654

Annexe B 657

Annexe C 659

Annexe D 661

Annexe E 662

Annexe F 664

Index of Places referred to in the Documents 669

150. Message, dated 22nd July, 1916, from Mr. N., of
Constantinople; communicated by the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief 684

CORRESPONDENCE

BETWEEN
VISCOUNT GREY OF FALLODON

_Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs_

AND

VISCOUNT BRYCE.

LETTER FROM VISCOUNT BRYCE TO VISCOUNT GREY
OF FALLODON, SECRETARY OF STATE
FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS.

_July 1st, 1916._

MY DEAR SIR EDWARD,

In the autumn of 1915 accounts of massacres and deportations of the Christian population of Asiatic Turkey began to reach Western Europe and the United States. Few and imperfect at first—for every effort was made by the Turkish Government to prevent them from passing out of the country—these accounts increased in number and fullness of detail, till in the beginning of 1916 it became possible to obtain a fairly accurate knowledge of what had happened. It then struck me that, in the interest of historic truth, as well as with a view to the questions that must arise when the war ends, it had become necessary to try to complete these accounts, and test them by further evidence, so as to compile a general narrative of the events and estimate their significance. As materials were wanting or scanty in respect of some localities, I wrote to all the persons I could think of likely to possess or to be able to procure trustworthy data, begging them to favour me with such data. I addressed myself in particular to friends in the United States, a country which has long had intimate relations with the Eastern Christians and to which many of those Christians have in recent years emigrated. Similar requests were made to Switzerland, also a neutral country, many of whose people have taken a lively interest in the welfare of the Armenians. When the responses from these quarters showed that sufficient materials for a history—provisional, no doubt, but trustworthy as far as the present data went—could be obtained, I had the good fortune to secure the co-operation of a young historian of high academic distinction, Mr. Arnold J. Toynbee, late Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. He undertook to examine and put together the pieces of evidence collected, arranging them in order and adding such observations, historical and geographical, as seemed needed to explain them. The materials so arranged by Mr. Toynbee, followed by such observations as aforesaid, I now transmit to you. They are, of course, of unequal value, for while most of them are narratives by eye-witnesses, some few report, at second hand what was told by eye-witnesses. In a short introduction prefixed, I have tried to estimate their value, and so need only say here that nothing has been admitted the substantial truth of which seems open to reasonable doubt. Facts only have been dealt with; questions of future policy have been carefully avoided.

It is evidently desirable not only that ascertained facts should be put on record for the sake of future historians, while the events are still fresh in living memory, but also that the public opinion of the belligerent nations—and, I may add, of neutral peoples also—should be enabled by a knowledge of what has happened in Asia Minor and Armenia to exercise its judgment on the course proper to be followed when, at the end of the present war, a political re-settlement of the Nearer East has to be undertaken.

I am,
Yours sincerely,
BRYCE.

LETTER FROM VISCOUNT GREY OF FALLODON,
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS,
TO VISCOUNT BRYCE.

Foreign Office,
_August 23rd, 1916_.

MY DEAR BRYCE,

I have to thank you for sending me the collection of documents on the Armenian Massacres which has been so ably put together by Mr. Arnold J. Toynbee.

It is a terrible mass of evidence; but I feel that it ought to be published and widely studied by all who have the broad interests of humanity at heart. It will be valuable, not only for the immediate information of public opinion as to the conduct of the Turkish Government towards this defenceless people, but also as a mine of information for historians in the future, and for the other purposes suggested in your letter.

Yours sincerely,
GREY OF FALLODON.

Documents presented to

VISCOUNT GREY OF FALLODON

_Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs_

_By Viscount Bryce_

With a preface by

VISCOUNT BRYCE.