Chapter XX: Part III: The Brief (7)

Herod I, the Great,
last will of, II, 119, 120
arbitrary changes of, in high priesthood, II, 293

Hetairai, status of, in Athens, II, 242, 243

High priest, Jewish,
vestments of, I, 158
abuses in appointment of, II, 293

Hillel, Jewish doctor, inspiration of, I, 84

Hillel, School of,
and the Mishna, I, 79
dissensions of, with School of Shammai, II, 309

Homer, the bible of the Greeks, II, 264

Honorius IV, pope, and the Talmud, I, 87

Horatius, trial of, before the Comitia Centuriata, II, 40

I

Ignatius, St., martyrdom of, in Coliseum, II, 261

Impalement, death by, II, 61

Infanticide, among Romans, II, 254

Inkerman, story of soldier killed at battle of, II, 191

Innes,
on the trials of Jesus before the Sanhedrin, I, 185; II, 10
on the cowardice of Pilate, II, 138

Interpreters, not allowed in Jewish courts, I, 107

Imprisonment. See Law, Hebrew Criminal, I, 93

Ishmael, Jewish rabbi, and the Mishna, I, 79

Ismael ben Eliza, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 309

Ismael ben Phabi, Jewish high priest,
biographical note on, II, 298
family of, cursed in Talmud, II, 301

Isis, Egyptian deity,
rites of, established in Rome, II, 217
Roman temples of, a resort of vice, II, 269

Issachar ben Keifar Barchi, Jewish priest, cursed in Talmud, II, 302

J

James, brother of Jesus, condemnation of, by Ananus, II, 296

Janus, Roman god, invocations of, II, 207

Jehovah, appearances of, in human form, I, 343-349

Jerome, St., on the Jewish anathema against Christians, II, 308

Jesus, the Christ,
human perfection of, I, 14; II, 186
scourging of, I, 56, 57
breaking of legs of, by soldiers, I, 57
bloody sweat of, I, 59, 60
physical cause of death of, I, 61, 62
watery issue of, I, 60-62
devotion of women to, I, 66
resurrection of, I, 211; II, 368
divinity of, I, 211, 212
celebrates the Paschal feast, I, 220-224
at Gethsemane, I, 224-226
arrest of, I, 225
private examination of, before high priest, I, 238-247
charged with sedition and blasphemy I, 250
annnounces his Messiahship before Sanhedrin, I, 273, 274
Messianic prophecies fulfilled in Him, I, 323-328, 341, 342
miracles of, I, 350-355
at morning session of Sanhedrin, I, 356-362
condemned to death by Sanhedrin, I, 365
His teachings treasonable under Roman law, II, 72
before Pilate, II, 96 _seq._
charged with high treason before Pilate, II, 106, 352
indictment of, before Pilate, II, 107-109
acquitted by Pilate, II, 116
sent by Pilate to Herod, II, 118
before Herod, II, 119 _seq._
mocked, and sent back to Pilate by Herod, II, 127
second appearance of, before Pilate, II, 129 _seq._
delivered to Jews by Pilate, II, 138
mocked by mob, II, 139
tributes of skeptics to, II, 187
Napoleon's tribute to, II, 189, 190
charged by Jews with illegitimacy, II, 356
crucifixion of, II, 365
See also trial of Jesus, Hebrew, and trial of Jesus, Roman

Jesus ben Sie, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II, 298

Jews, the political state of,
at time of Jesus, II, 11-23
discussion of their responsibility for Christ's death, II, 174-180
prejudices against, II, 180-187
distinguished, II, 185, 186

Joazar, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II, 296

Jochanan ben Zakai, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 311

John, St.,
at the sepulcher, I, 37
at the crucifixion of Christ, I, 65

John, St., Gospel of, style of, I, 19

John, Jewish priest, biographical note on, II, 299

Jonathan, son of Annas, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II,
295

Jonathan ben Uziel, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 306

John, son of John, Jewish elder, biographical note on, II, 321

Joseph of Arimathea,
presence of, at trials of Christ, I, 282-286, 364
biographical note on, II, 318
receives body of Jesus from Pilate, II, 366
apocryphal account of escape of, from Jews, II, 367, 373-376

Josephus, Flavius,
on the character of Pilate, I, 21
on scourging I, 56
on the Pharisees, I, 87
on the existence of the great Sanhedrin at time of Christ, I, 176
on the loss, by Jews, of power of life and death, II, 19
on the rapacity of the high priests, II, 301

Jowett, Benjamin, upon the corruption of Rome, II, 240

Judah, the Holy, Jewish rabbi, and the composition of the Mishna, I, 79,
80

Judas, son of Hezekiah, Jewish rebel, put to death by Herod, II, 109

Judas Iscariot, his betrayal of Christ, I, 227-235

Julia, daughter of Augustus,
profligacy of, II, 82
marriages of, II, 83

Julian, Roman emperor, his defiance of Mars, II, 222

Juno, Roman divinity, sacrifices to, II, 208

Jupiter, Roman deity,
multitudinous forms of, II, 203
sacrifices to, II, 208

Justin Martyr, reference of, to "Acts of Pilate," II, 331, 346, 348

Juvenal, Satires of, on Roman social depravity, II, 240, 244, 248

K

Keim, Theodor,
on the existence of the Great Sanhedrin at the time of Christ, I,
178
on the character of Christ, II, 188, 189

Knight, R. P., on the symbolism of the Cross, II, 65

Koran, the, I, 77

L

Lamartine, Alphonse, on the death of Christ, II, 3

Lampon, Greek diviner, exposed by Anaxagoras, II, 226

Lardner, on the authenticity of the "Acts of Pilate," II, 328 _seq._

Law, Hebrew Criminal,
administration of, I, 153, 154
basis of, I, 73, 84, 85
burial of bodies after execution under, I, 101, 171
capital punishments under, I, 91-93, 99-101
circumstantial evidence under, I, 144
Cities of Refuge under, I, 96
courts and judges, I, 102-126
execution under, I, 170, 171
false swearing under, I, 93
flagellation under, I, 94
imprisonment under, I, 93
peculiarities of, I, 125, 132, 147, 167, 168
slavery under, I, 95
tenderness of, for human life, I, 154, 155, 310
testimony under, I, 144-147
witnesses under, I, 127-144
written and documentary evidence irrelevant, I, 133, 145

Laws, Roman,
lex Appuleia, II, 69
Cornelia, II, 69
Julia Majestatis, II, 69, 80
Memmia, II, 46
Porcia, II, 54
Remmia, II, 49
Talionis, II, 53
Valeria, II, 37, 54
Varia, II, 69

Lazarus, raising of, from the dead, I, 352

Lectisternia, Roman banquets to the gods,
slaves released at, II, 130
indecencies of, II, 218

Lémann, extract from work of, on Sanhedrin, II, 291

Lepidus, Marcus, Roman patrician, magnificence of, II, 246

Livy,
on scourging, I, 57
account of Bacchanalian orgies, II, 270-283

Longinus, legendary name of soldier who pierced Christ, II, 379

Lucullus, Roman patrician, luxury of, II, 244

Luke, St., occupation of, I, 19

Luke, St., Gospel of, style of, I, 19

Lupercals, Roman priests, II, 204

Luxury of the Romans, II, 244

Lycurgus, code of, II, 241

M

Macarius, identification of "true cross" by, II, 63

Macaulay, Lord, speech of, on Jewish disabilities, II, 184

Mahomet, character of, I, 14

Malchus, ear of, cut off by Peter, I, 36, 226

Magath, Julius, extract from work of, II, 291

Maimonides,
on Hebrew Capital Crimes, I, 91
on the prohibition of nocturnal trials, I, 255, 256

Manlius, Marcus, trial of, before the Comitia Centuriata, II, 40

Marius, Caius, assassin cowed by, I, 62

Mark, St., Jesus arrested at home of, I, 220

Marriage,
among the Romans, II, 236
among the Greeks, II, 240-243

Marcius, Quintus, Roman consul, motion of, on the suppression of the
Bacchanalian orgies, II, 282

Mars, Roman deity, II, 208

Messiah, the,
prophecies regarding, and their fulfillment in Jesus, I, 322-328
varying expectations of Jews regarding, I, 319-322; II, 110
conception of Pharisees of, II, 324
conception of Sadducees of, II, 325

Matthew, St., occupation of, I, 19

Matthias, son of Annas, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II,
296

Mendelssohn, on the Talmud, I, 75

Messalina, Roman empress, lewdness of, II, 244

Messalinus, Cotta, prosecuted for treason, II, 70

Metrodorus on the Greek gods, II, 226

Mezeray, de, on the bloody sweat of Charles IX, I, 60

Minerva, Roman deity, II, 208

Miracles,
probability of, I, 40-51
Spinoza on, I, 40-43
Renan on, I, 44
of Christ, I, 351-354

Mishna, the,
E. Deutsch on, I, 80
subdivisions of, I, 80
relation of Talmud to, I, 83
traditional view of, I, 84
on capital and pecuniary cases, I, 155, 156. See also Gemara and
Talmud.

Mommsen, Theodor,
on the jurisdiction of native courts of Roman subject peoples, II,
15
on Roman marital looseness, II, 243
on Roman extravagance, II, 247

Montefiore, Sir Moses, anecdote of, II, 180

Mosaic Code, the, a basis of Hebrew Criminal Law, I, 73, 84, 85

Müller, Johannes, explodes legend of Pilate and Lake Lucerne, II, 95

N

Nachum Halbalar, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 314

Nævius, Marcus, accusation of Scipio Africanus by, II, 41

Napoleon I,
fickleness of populace toward, I, 63, 64
tribute of, to Jesus, II, 189
religious faith of, II, 190, 191

Nasi, prince of the Sanhedrin, I, 112

Nathan, Jewish rabbi, note on, II, 315, note

Neptune, Roman deity, II, 208

Nero, Roman emperor,
deification of, II, 234
Golden House of, II, 246

Ney, Michel, French marshal, compared with St. Peter, I, 64

Nicodemus, Jewish elder,
presence of, at trial of Christ, I, 282-286
defense of Christ before Sanhedrin, I, 305
presence and conduct of, at second trial of Jesus by Sanhedrin, I,
364
biographical note on, II, 319
apocryphal account of pleading of, for Jesus before Pilate, II, 360
Gospel of. See "Acts of Pilate"

Nordau, Max, on Jewish pride in Jesus, II, 188

O

Oaths, not administered to witnesses, under Jewish law, I, 134

Octavian. See Augustus

Omens, belief of Romans in, II, 215

Onkelos, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 305

Oracle, Delphic, consulted by Romans, II, 210

Osiris, Egyptian deity, the cross a symbol of, II, 66

Ovid, Roman poet, on unnatural practices in temples, II, 269

P

Paganism, Græco-Roman,
conflict of, with Christianity, I, 16; II, 76-79
Hellenization of Roman religion, II, 199
importation of foreign gods, II, 200
origin and multiplicity of Roman gods, II, 198-204
Roman priesthood, II, 204, 205
Roman forms of worship, II, 205-209
perplexity of worshipers regarding deities, II, 207
prayer, II, 207, 208-210
augury and divination, II, 210-215
omens, II, 215, 216
decay of Roman faith, II, 217-220
Roman skepticism, II, 220-229
sacrilege among Romans, II, 221
disbelief of Romans in immortality, II, 228, 229
Epicureanism among the Romans, II, 229-231
stoicism, II, 231-233
deification of Roman emperors, II, 233-235
base deities of Romans, II, 265
effect of religion in Greek and Roman social corruption, II, 269

Palace of Herod, description of, II, 96, 97

Paley, William, on the discrepancies of the Gospels, I, 32, 33

Pan, Græco-Roman divinity, feasts of, II, 265

Paul, St.,
on the depravity of Rome, II, 284
delivery of, to Felix, II, 299

Pericles, Greek tyrant, and the divination of Lampon, II, 226

Pentateuch, the, a basis of Hebrew jurisprudence, I, 73

Permanent Tribunals (quæstiones perpetuæ), mode of trials before, at
Rome, II, 43-52

Peter, St.,
at the sepulcher, I, 37
compared with Marshal Ney, I, 64
and Malchus, I, 36, 226

Pharisees,
and the Talmud, I, 87
attitude of, toward the law, I, 338
dominant in priestly order, II, 302
their conception of the Messiah, II, 324
characteristics of, II, 324

Philip, St., and the feeding of the five thousand, I, 35

Phillips, Wendell, on Hindu swordsmanship, I, 48

Philo, Jewish philosopher, on the character of Pilate, I, 21; II, 89-91

Phryne, mistress of Praxiteles anecdote of, II, 242

Pilate, Pontius,
powers of, as procurator of Judea, II, 27-31
name and origin of, II, 81, 82
marriage of, II, 82
becomes procurator of Judea, II, 84
provokes the Jews, II, 85
appropriates funds from Corban, II, 86
hangs shields in Herod's palace, II, 88
slays Galileans, II, 88
character of, I, 21; II, 88
canonization of, II, 89
ordered to Rome by Vitellius, II, 92
legends regarding death of, II, 92-94
interrogation of Jesus, II, 112-115
talents of, II, 115
his opinion of Jesus, II, 115
acquits Jesus, II, 116
sends Jesus to Herod, II, 117
reconciled with Herod, II, 128
offers to release Barabbas, II, 130
warned by wife's dream of Jesus, II, 133, 355
washes his hands of Christ's death, II, 137, 364
releases Barabbas, II, 138, 363
summary of his conduct of Christ's trial, II, 168
conduct of, compared with Cæsar, II, 169; with Sir Edward Coke, II,
170-172

Pindar, Greek poet, denunciation of, of vulgar superstitions, II, 224

Plato, Greek philosopher,
unnatural love of, II, 263
reprobation of Homeric myths, II, 264

Pliny, the Younger,
correspondence of, with Trajan, II, 78
disbelief of, in immortality, II, 229
on slavery, II, 203

Plutarch,
on crucifixion, I, 56
anecdotes of Lucullus, II, 244-246

Polybius, on Roman pederasty, II, 263

Pompeia divorced by Cæsar, II, 238

Pompey, Cneius, the Great,
conquest of Palestine by, II, 11
defeated at Pharsalia, II, 25
divorce of his wife Mucia, II, 238

Pontiffs, Roman, II, 204

Poppæa, wife of Nero, deification of, II, 77

Postumius, Spurius, Roman consul, suppression of Bacchanalians by, II,
270-283

Prætor, Roman, judicial powers of, II, 36

Priesthood, Roman. See Roman religion

Priests, Jewish Chamber of. See Sanhedrin

Procurator, Roman, jurisdiction of, II, 27, 28

Provinces, Roman, classification of, by Augustus, II, 27

Q

Quetzalcoatle, crucified Savior, worshiped by Mexicans, II, 66

R

Rabbi, origin of Jewish title of, II, 315

Rabbis, Jewish, arrogance of, II, 316

Raphall, Morris, on the origin of the Sanhedrin, I, 104

Rawlinson, George, on the political state of Judea at the time of
Christ, II, 11

Religions, policy of Romans toward foreign, and of conquered peoples,
II, 72-74

Renan, Ernest,
on miracles, I, 44-47
on the "judicial ambush" of blasphemers, I, 235
on the character of Pilate, II, 90
on the character of Christ, II, 187, 188

Richard III, King of England, contest of, with Saladin, I, 48

Richter on the pathology of crucifixion, II, 58, 59

Rosadi,
on the confession of the accused under Hebrew law, I, 143
on the hatred of Pilate toward the Jews, II, 98
on the order of criminal trials in Roman provinces, II, 32

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, on the death of Christ, II, 187

Romans,
laws of, the basis of modern jurisprudence, II, 5
policy of, toward subject peoples, II, 13-15
responsibility of, for Christ's death, II, 174-176
religion of. See Paganism

Ruga, Carvilius, first Roman to procure a divorce, II, 236

S

Sacrifice, human, among the Romans, II, 209

Sadducees,
attitude of, toward the law, I, 338
attitude of, toward anthropomorphism of Pentateuch, I, 338
dominant in the Sanhedrin, I, 339
disbelief of, in immortality, II, 322
wealth and rank of, II, 322

Saladin, Saracen Sultan, contest of, with Richard III, I, 48

Salians, Roman priests, II, 204

Sallust, Roman historian, on the conspiracy of Cataline, II, 229

Salvador, Joseph, on the existence of the Great Sanhedrin at the time of
Christ, I, 177

Samuel, Hakaton, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 307

Sanctuary, right of, among ancient peoples, I, 96

Sanhedrin, the Great,
origin of, I, 103
history of, I, 104
organization of, I, 105
chamber of scribes, I, 105; II, 303
chamber of elders, I, 105; II, 318
chamber of priests, I, 105; II, 292
qualifications of members of, I, 106
disqualifications of judges of, I, 109
officers of, I, 112
compensation of officers of, I, 115
sessions of, I, 116
recruitment of personnel of, I, 117
quorum of, I, 119
jurisdiction of, I, 119
appeals to, from minor Sanhedrins, I, 120
morning sacrifice of, I, 157
assembling of judges of, I, 158
scribes of, I, 158, 159
examination of witnesses by, I, 159-162
debates and balloting of judges of, I, 162
procedure of, in cases of condemnation of accused, I, 165-167
method of counting votes, I, 167, 168
death march of, I, 169, 170
question of existence of, at time of Christ, I, 175-181
jurisdiction of, in capital cases at the time of Christ, I, 181-183
discussion of trial of Christ before, I, 183-186
procedure of, in trial of Christ before, I, 186
illegality of proceedings of, against Christ, I, 255-259, 260-262,
263-266, 267-270, 287-294
illegality of sentence of, against Christ, I, 271-278, 279-286
disqualifications of members of, who condemned Christ, I, 296-308
morning session of, at trial of Christ, I, 356-364
three sessions of, to discuss Christ, I, 305, 306
authority of, after Roman conquest, II, 12, 16, 21
deprived by Romans of power of capital punishment, II, 19, 20
biographical sketches of members of, who tried Jesus, II, 291-326

Sanhedrins, minor,
appeals from, to Great Sanhedrin, I, 120
establishment of, I, 121
jurisdiction of, I, 121
superior rank of those of Jerusalem, I, 123, 124

Saul, Abba, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 313

Savonarola, Girolamo, Florentine reformer, burning of, I, 63

Scaurus, Manercus, prosecuted for treason, II, 70

Sceva, Jewish priest, biographical note on, II, 300

Schenck, account of, of the bloody sweat of a nun, I, 59

Schürer,
on the existence of the Sanhedrin at the time of Christ, I, 176
on the jurisdiction of the Sanhedrin, II, 18
on the administration of civil law by Sanhedrin, II, 30

Scipio Africanus, trial of, before Comitia Centuriata, II, 41

Scott, Sir Walter, on the contest between Richard III and Saladin, I,
47, 48

Scourging,
of Jesus, I, 56
mode of, among Romans, II, 55

Scribes, Jewish, Edersheim on, I, 302

Scribes, Jewish Chamber of. See Sanhedrin

Segnensis, Henricus, anecdote of, illustrative of mediæval ignorance
regarding Talmud, II, 74

Semiramis, Assyrian queen, origin of crucifixion imputed to, II, 54

Seneca,
anecdote from, regarding political informers, II, 71
on the patriotic observance of the national religion, II, 226
on suicide, II, 232
on slavery, II, 252
on Roman myths, II, 265

Septuagint, version of the Bible, paraphrasing of anthropomorphic
passages in, I, 237

Sepulture, of crucified criminals forbidden, II, 58

Serapis, Egyptian deity,
images of thrown down, II, 73
Marcus Aurelius an adorer of, II, 217

Servilia, mistress of Julius Cæsar, II, 239

Shammai, School of,
and the Mishna, I, 79
dissensions of, with School of Hillel, II, 309

Shevuah ben Kalba, Jewish elder, biographical note on, II, 319

Shoterim of the Sanhedrin, I, 113

Sibylline Books, II, 199, 204

Sibyl, Erythræan, Virgil inspired by, II, 287

Simon, Jewish rebel, revolt of, II, 110

Simon, Jewish elder, biographical note on, II, 320

Simon Boethus, made high priest by Herod I, II, 296

Simon ben Camithus, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II, 298

Simon Cantharus, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II, 297

Simon, son of Gamaliel, Jewish elder, biographical note on, II, 305

Simon Hamizpah, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 314

Sinaitic MS. of the Bible, I, 67

Slavery,
under Hebrew law, I, 95
account of, among Romans, II, 250, 251

Social life, Græco-Roman,
marriage and divorce, II, 236-240
prostitution, II, 242-244
luxury and extravagance, II, 244-249
poverty of Roman masses, II, 249
slavery, II, 249-253
infanticide, II, 254
gladiatorial games, II, 255-262
depravity of, traceable to corrupt myths, II, 262-270
practice of Bacchanalian rites, II, 270-283
hopeless state of, at time of Christ, II, 284-287

Socrates, Greek philosopher,
resemblance of charges against, to those against Jesus, II, 181
counsel of, to Hetairai, II, 243

Sodomy, prevalence of,
among Greeks and Romans, II, 262-264
practiced in Roman temples, II, 269

Solomon ben Joseph, Jewish rabbi, on the Talmud, I, 90

Sonnenthal, Adolf von, Jewish actor, refused freedom of Vienna, II, 182

Sparta, licentiousness of, II, 241

Spartacus, Roman gladiator, revolt of, II, 259, 260

Spartans, marital looseness of, II, 241

Spinoza, Jewish philosopher, on miracles, I, 40-44

Standards, apocryphal miracle of, at trial of Christ, II, 354 _seq._

Starkie on the credibility of testimony, I, 12

Stephen, St., stoning of, I, 365

Stephen, Sir James F. J.,
on the Roman treatment of Christianity, II, 76
on Pilate's trial of Jesus, II, 159-164

Stoicism,
among the Romans, II, 231
resemblance of, to Christian precepts, II, 331

Stoning of criminals under Hebrew law, I, 92, 99

Strangling of criminals under Hebrew law, I, 91, 99

Strauss, David,
on the behavior of Jesus before Herod, II, 126
on the character of Christ, II, 187

Stroud on the physical cause of death of Christ, I, 61, 62

Suetonius, Roman historian,
on the labeling of criminals before execution, I, 57
on divination, II, 213
narrative of, of dreams presaging reign of Augustus, II, 214
account of, of belief of Augustus in omens, II, 215

Suicide, attitude of Stoics toward, II, 232

Suspension, death by, II, 61, 62

Sweat, bloody, historical instances of, I, 59, 60

T

Tacitus, Roman historian, on slavery, II, 253

Talmud, the,
definition of, I, 74
recensions of, I, 81
contents of, I, 82
relation of Mishna to, I, 83, to Gemara, I, 83; to Pentateuch, I,
83; to Mosaic Code, I, 84, 85
efforts of Christians to extirpate, I, 87, 88
message and mission of, I, 89
See also Gemara and Mishna

Telemachus, St., death of, in arena, II, 261

Temples, a resort of immorality in Rome, II, 269

Tertullian, Latin father,
on the character of Pilate, II, 89
on the resort of vice to temple precincts, II, 269
reference of, to the "Acts of Pilate," II, 329, 333 _seq._, 347, 348

Tertullus, his prosecution of Paul, II, 299

Testimony, under Hebrew Criminal Law,
of each witness required to cover entire case, I, 132
vain, I, 145
standing, I, 146
adequate, I, 147
of accomplices, I, 228-230, 235, 236

Theodota, the courtesan, counseled by Socrates, II, 243

Theophilus, son of Annas, Jewish high priest, biographical note on, II,
296

Theresa, Maria, Austrian empress, codex of, II, 54

Three, Jewish Courts of, jurisdiction of, I, 124

Tiberius Cæsar, Roman emperor,
sway of, II, 27
character of, II, 70
prosecutions of, for treason, II, 70, 71
marriage of, to Julia, II, 83
legendary desire of, to deify Christ, II, 329, 330 _seq._

Tischendorf, Constantine, on the authenticity of the "Acts of
Pilate," II, 345 _seq._

Tissot, account of, of the bloody sweat of a sailor, I, 59

Trajan, Roman emperor, correspondence of, with Pliny, II, 78

Trials, Roman criminal,
right of appeal, II, 28
during the regal period, II, 35
Roman, mode of, in the Comitia Centuriata, II, 37-43
mode of, in the Permanent Tribunals, II, 43-52
prosecutor, rôle and selection of, II, 43, 44, 49

Trial of Jesus, Hebrew,
nature of charge against Jesus before Sanhedrin, I, 187
procedure of, before Sanhedrin, I, 188
discussion of charge of blasphemy against Jesus, I, 193-209
illegality of arrest of Jesus, I, 219-237
illegality of private examination of Jesus before high priest, I,
238-247
illegality of indictment of Jesus, I, 248-254
illegality of nocturnal proceedings against Jesus, I, 255-259
illegality of the meeting of the Sanhedrin before morning sacrifice,
I, 260-262
illegality of proceedings against Christ, because held on the eve
of the Sabbath, and of a feast, I, 263-266
illegality of trial, because concluded in one day, I, 267-270
condemnation of Jesus founded on uncorroborated evidence, I, 271-278
Jesus illegally condemned by unanimous verdict, I, 279-286
condemnation of Jesus pronounced in place forbidden by law, I, 288-292
irregular balloting of judges of Jesus, I, 292-294
condemnation of Jesus illegal, because of unlawful conduct of high
priest, I, 290, 291
disqualifications of judges of Jesus, I, 296-308
Jesus condemned without defense, I, 309
second trial of Jesus by Sanhedrin, I, 356-366

Trial of Jesus, Roman,
discussion of Roman and Hebrew jurisdiction, II, 3-23
Roman law applicable to, II, 68-80
as conducted by Pilate, II, 96-118, 129-139
legal analysis of, II, 141-168

Tribune, Roman, judicial powers of, II, 36

Tryphon, son of Theudion, Jewish elder; biographical note on, II, 321

Twelve Tables, laws of the, II, 53, 208

U

Ulpian, Roman jurist, his definition of treason, II, 69

V

Vatican, MS. of the Bible, I, 67

Venus, Roman deity,
sacrifices to, II, 208
impersonated by Phryne, II, 243
worshiped by harlots, II, 266

Veronica, St., legend of, II, 93

Vestals, Roman priestesses,
guardians of sacred fire, II, 204
spectators at licentious dramas, II, 267

Vinicius, Lucius, Roman patrician, letter of Augustus to, II, 83

Virgil, poem of, on advent of heaven-born child, I, 321; II, 287

Virginia, legend of, II, 236

Vitellius, legate of Syria,
spares Jewish prejudices, II, 85
orders Pilate to Rome, II, 92

Vitia, Roman matron, executed for treason, II, 71

Voltaire, François de,
account of, of the bloody sweat of Charles IX, I, 59
on character of Christ, II, 187

Vulgate, version of the Bible, I, 68

W

Witnesses, under Hebrew Criminal Law,
competency and incompetency of, I, 127-129
number of, required to convict, I, 129
agreement of, I, 131
adjuration to, I, 134
examination of, I, 136, 138
false, I, 140
the accused as, I, 141
separation of, I, 137

Wise, Rabbi,
on the non-existence of the Great Sanhedrin at time of Christ, I,
175, 179
on the "martyrdom of Jesus," I, 330

X

Xenophanes, ridicule of, of Greek religion, II, 224

Z

Zadok, Jewish scribe, biographical note on, II, 310

Zeno, Greek philosopher, originator of Stoicism, II, 229

Zeus, Greek divinity,
character of, I, 14
myth of rape of Ganymede by, II, 262

Corrections

The first line indicates the original, the second the correction:

p. 24: in the life and minstry
in the life and ministry

p. 189: that he flattered
that He flattered

God could be worshiped in any other place as well as in his
God could be worshiped in any other place as well as in His

p. 206: that he was "the Christ, the Son of God"
that He was "the Christ, the Son of God"

Index:

Dysmas, legendary name of one of thieves crucified with Jesus, II, 364
Dysmas, legendary name of one of the thieves crucified with Jesus, II,
364

Derembourg, Joseph, on the Jewish priestly families, II, 294
Dérembourg, Joseph, on the Jewish priestly families, II, 294

Lemann, extract from work of, on Sanhedrin, II, 291
Lémann, extract from work of, on Sanhedrin, II, 291

Scipio Africanus, trial of, before Comitia Centuriata
Scipio Africanus, trial of, before Comitia Centuriata, II, 41

Footnote 135: sont fatales a la liberté.
sont fatales à la liberté.