Chapter XXV

THAT THE TRUTH OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION IS EXTREMELY PROBABLE.

(_A._) THE EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY.

One remaining objection, why are there so many difficulties,
and no more obvious proof? considered in detail.

(_B._) SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.

We have now examined all the more important arguments for and against the Truth of Christianity. Many of them, as we have seen, involve a good deal of study, and we have often been obliged to consider a few examples only of various classes of facts; but it is hoped that no important argument on either side has been entirely overlooked. One remaining objection has still to be considered.

(_A._) THE EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY.

Does not, it is urged, this very fact of itself form a difficulty? Can an ordinary man be expected to ponder over arguments, objections, and counter-arguments by the dozen, even supposing the balance of probability to be in favour of the Religion? Surely, if Christianity were true, and God wished men to believe it, there would not be so many difficulties. He would have provided an easier way of proving it than this; or, at all events, if this elaborate argument were examined, the inference in its favour would be simply overwhelming. This is a difficulty felt perhaps by some who have read the present _Essay_; fortunately it can be answered satisfactorily.

And first, as to there being so many difficulties. Several of these are simply due to the evidence in favour of Christianity being so strong. If, for instance, we had only one Gospel instead of four, the difficulties caused by the discrepancies between them would disappear, but the argument in favour of Christianity would not be strengthened in consequence. Still putting aside these, it must be admitted that there are many difficulties connected with the Religion.

But what is the cause of this? It is the very magnitude of the Christian Religion which opens the way for so many attacks. A religion which claims to be the only true one in the world; to have been founded by God Himself; to have been prepared for by prophecies and introduced by miracles; to be the centre of the world's history, all previous history leading up to it, and all subsequent history being influenced by it; to be suitable for all ages and countries; to hold the key to all mental and moral problems; to be man's guide and comfort in this life, and his only hope for the next;--such a religion _must_ be assailable at a great many points. But provided all these assaults can be repelled, provided this long _frontier-line_, so to speak, can be properly defended, it does not show the weakness of the religion; on the contrary, it shows its enormous strength. A religion which made less claims would, no doubt, have less difficulties; but it would be less likely to be the true one. If God became Incarnate, no claims can be too vast for the Religion He founded. And to many, this unspeakable grandeur of Christianity, so far from being a difficulty, constitutes one of its greatest charms.

Next, as to there being no _easier_ means of proof. It is a simple matter of fact that the vast majority of men, both educated and uneducated, who believe in Christianity, have not arrived at this belief by a long line of reasoning, such as we have examined. They assert that there is an easier way. They say that God has given them a faculty of _Faith_, which, though it may be hard to explain, just as man's free will is hard to explain, yet gives them the most certain conviction of the truth of Christianity. And starting with this inward conviction, they say it is confirmed by their daily experience, just as a man's belief in his free will is confirmed by his daily experience. Of course, this appeal to faith is no argument to those who do not possess it. On the other hand, to those who do possess it, no arguments can really weaken or strengthen it. It is a thing by itself, and absolutely convincing.

It may be pointed out, however, that if man is a partly spiritual as well as a partly material being, which we have already admitted; then the existence of some spiritual sense, or faculty, by which to perceive spiritual truths, just as the body has material senses by which to perceive material objects, cannot be thought incredible. And this is what faith claims to be; it is a means to spiritual discernment, and may be compared to eyesight. It does not enable us to believe what we might otherwise think to be untrue; but it enables us to know for certain, what we might otherwise think to be only probable (_e.g._, the existence of God). In the same way a blind man might, by feeling, think it probable that there were a certain number of pictures in a room, but if he could _see_, he would know for certain. And, just as a man, who had always been blind, ought not to reject the testimony of those who see, so a man who has no faith ought not to reject the testimony of those who have. And the existence of such a faculty will account for the very different views taken of Christianity by men of apparently equal intelligence and candour.

Still, it may be asked, why should some persons be given this faculty of faith, while others are not? The subject is no doubt a difficult one. But very possibly the faculty is _latent_ in every one, only it needs (like other faculties) to be exercised and developed. And the man himself may be responsible for whether he takes suitable means (prayer, etc.) for doing this. However, we need not pursue this subject, since, as said above, no arguments can prove, or disprove Christianity to those who believe by faith.

But now comes the most important part of the objection. Granting, it is said, that the subject is a difficult one, and demands a long investigation, yet when we do go through the arguments on both sides the conclusion is not irresistible. In short, why are not the evidences in favour of Christianity _stronger_? Of course they might be so, but we have no reason for thinking that they would be. In our ordinary daily life we have never absolute certainty to guide us, but only various degrees of probability. And even, in Natural Religion, the reasons for believing in a Personal God and the freedom and responsibility of man, though to most people quite convincing, are certainly not irresistible; since, as a matter of fact, some men resist them.

And if God intends us to act on such evidence in common life, and also with regard to the great truths of Natural Religion, why should He not do the same with regard to Christianity? He seems, if we may use the word, to _respect_ man's momentous attribute of free will even in matters of Religion; therefore in His sight a right belief, like right conduct, may be of no value unless it is more or less voluntary. It is to be a virtue, rather than a necessity. And this fully accounts for the evidences of Christianity not being overwhelming. They are amply sufficient to justify anyone in believing it; but they are not, and were probably never meant to be, sufficient to compel him to do so.

If, however,--and this is a matter of practical importance--they are strong enough to show that the Religion is _probably_ true, a man who admits this is obviously bound to accept it. He cannot adopt a neutral attitude, because the evidence is not conclusive; since, as just said, in every other subject we have only probability, not certainty, to guide us; and why should religion alone be different? Then, if he accepts it, he is obviously bound to try and live accordingly, no matter what the sacrifice may be; for Christianity, if it is worth anything, is worth everything. Such tremendous truths cannot be half acted on if believed, any more than they can be half believed; it must be a case of all for all. And then, if he tries to live accordingly, he may find (as Christians in all ages have found) that for himself the probability becomes a certainty.

Lastly, it may be pointed out that though perhaps the evidences of Christianity are not so strong as we should expect, they are precisely of such a _kind_ as we should expect; for they exhibit each of the three great attributes of God. His Omnipotence is shown in the miracles, His Omniscience in the prophecies, and His perfect Goodness in the Character of Christ; so that, judged by its evidences, Christianity is a Religion which might very reasonably have come from the God Who is All-Powerful, All-Wise, and All-Good.

(_B._) SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.

It now only remains to give a summary of the previous chapters, and then point out the final choice of difficulties.

In Chapter XIII. we considered the _credibility_ of the Christian Religion, and decided that some of its leading doctrines, especially those of the Incarnation and the Atonement, seemed very improbable. All that can be said on the other side is practically this, that we have no adequate means of judging; and that when we apply similar reasoning to subjects about which we do know, such as the freedom of man or the existence of evil, it generally leads us wrong. But still the fact remains that the Religion appears, at first sight, very improbable.

In Chapter XIV. we considered the _external testimony_ to the _Four Gospels_, and decided that this was very strongly in their favour. At the close of the second century they held the same position among Christians as they do at present; during the middle of that century Justin shows that they were publicly read, together with the Old Testament Prophets; while the few earlier writers whose works have come down to us also seem to have known them.

In Chapter XV. we considered their _internal evidence_, and found that it strongly supported the above conclusion; so combining the two, we have an almost overwhelming argument in favour of their genuineness.

In Chapter XVI. we considered an additional argument of great importance, derived from the _Acts of the Apostles_. There are strong reasons for dating this book about A.D. 60; and if so it proves a still earlier date for the first three Gospels.

In Chapter XVII. we considered the _Resurrection of Christ_, and the accounts we have of it in the Four Gospels. And we decided that these Narratives, in spite of some obvious discrepancies and omissions had every appearance of being thoroughly trustworthy. Indeed their complete agreement in important points, their mutual explanations, and their signs of early date are all strongly in their favour.

In Chapter XVIII. we considered the testimony of the First Witnesses, and examined in detail their veracity, knowledge, investigation, and reasoning; and each seemed to be supported by irresistible evidence. Therefore the opposite theories, which are based on denying these points, and are called respectively the _Falsehood_, the _Legend_, the _Vision_, and the _Swoon_ Theory, are quite untenable. So we must either accept the Resurrection of Christ; or deny it, in spite of all the evidence, and solely because of the miraculous nature of the event.

In Chapter XIX. we considered the other New Testament _Miracles_, and came to the conclusion that they also occurred. Indeed their marks of truthfulness, and their publicity together with the fact that they were never disputed at the time, make the evidence in their favour extremely strong.

In Chapter XX. we considered the argument from _Prophecy_; and discussed in detail Isaiah's Prophecy of the Lord's Servant, and the Psalm of the Crucifixion, and then glanced at several others. And we pointed out how completely these prophecies were fulfilled in Christ, and how utterly hopeless it was to find any other fulfilment of them. So here again the choice lies between either accepting these prophecies, or disputing them simply because they are prophecies, and imply superhuman knowledge. In other words, we must either admit the marvel of a Divine Revelation, or else we must face the _mental_ difficulty of believing that all these coincidences were due to chance, the improbability of which can scarcely be calculated.

In Chapter XXI. we considered the _Character of Christ_; and the admitted excellence of His moral teaching seems quite inconsistent with deliberate falsehood on His part. Yet He kept asserting His superhuman and Divine Nature, and was finally put to death in consequence. So here once more we have a similar choice before us. We must either accept the Divinity of Christ, with all the wonders it involves; or else we must face the _moral_ difficulty of believing that the best moral teaching the world has ever had, was given by One, whose own life was full of falsehood and presumption.

In Chapter XXII. we considered the _History of Christianity_, and found that its marvellous progress at first, in spite of its immense difficulties, and without the use of any force, could only be accounted for by its truth. So here for the last time we have the same alternatives to choose from. We must either admit the supernatural origin and spread of Christianity; or else we must face the _historical_ difficulty of believing that its first preachers were able to convince men without evidence, conquer them without force, and found the greatest religion the world has ever seen on claims which at the time everyone must have known to be untrue.

In Chapter XXIII. we considered the _other evidence_ on the subject, and briefly examined various arguments for and against Christianity, such as its connection with prayer; its adaptation to human nature, and its relation to other religions; but all of comparative unimportance.

Lastly, in Chapter XXIV. we decided that the _Three Creeds_ were deducible from the New Testament; so the religion which has all this evidence in its favour is the _Christian Religion_, as we have used the term.

From the above summary it will be seen that the arguments against Christianity are all what may be called _antecedent_ (or _a priori_) ones. The Religion itself, its doctrines, its claims, its miraculous origin, all seem most improbable. Thus the objections to Christianity all lie on the surface. They are obvious and palpable to everyone.

On the other hand, the arguments in its favour have often to be sought for; but when found they are seen to be stronger and stronger the more they are examined. There are four main arguments. These are of a widely different character, and each appeals most strongly to a certain class of minds, so each is often said to be the chief argument for Christianity, but they are probably of equal value. They may be conveniently called the argument from _Miracles_, including of course the Resurrection of Christ; from _Prophecy_; from _Christ's Character_; and from _History_. And it should be noticed in passing, that they mutually support one another. Miracles, for instance, are less difficult to believe when it is seen that they were to establish a religion which has for centuries exercised a greater influence on mankind than anything else; and prophecies become stronger when it is seen that the Life foretold was one that had such supreme and far-reaching effects.

Now, it is important to remember that the actual facts on which these arguments rest are in each case absolutely _unique_. Once, and only once in the history of the world, have men appeared who asserted that they were actual witnesses of miracles, and who faced all forms of suffering and death solely in consequence of this. Again, once, and only once in the history of the world, has a long series of prophecies, uttered many centuries apart, united in a single Person, in whom they one and all find a complete fulfilment. Yet again, once, and only once in the history of the world, has a Man appeared of faultless moral character, who asserted that He was also God, and who boldly claimed all that this tremendous assertion involved, and submitted to the consequences. While, lastly, once, and only once in the history of the world, has a Religion, most improbable in itself, and without using any force, succeeded in conquering nation after nation.

These, then, are the four chief arguments on the subject, and in every case we have the same choice before us. We must either face the antecedent (or _a priori_) difficulties in accepting Christianity, or the mental, moral and historical difficulties in rejecting it. There is no neutral ground, no possibility of avoiding both sets of difficulties. But the difficulties on the one side concern what we do _not_ know--God's purpose in creating man--and may be due to our ignorance only. The difficulties on the other side concern what we _do_ know. They are practical, they are derived from experience. We do know that men will not lay down their lives for what they believe to be false, and that the first preachers of Christianity must have known whether it was false or not. We do know that prophecies uttered at random through centuries would not all unite in a single Person. We do know that even moderately good men do not make extravagant claims. And we do know that no natural causes can account for such a religion as Christianity obtaining such a triumph as it did.

The choice, then, seems to lie between what we may call _unknown_ difficulties and _known_ ones. The unknown difficulty of believing that the Eternal God could so love man as to humble Himself even to death to win man's love; and the known difficulty of believing that evidence so vast and so various, so cumulative and so apparently irresistible, could all unite in making a monstrous falsehood appear to be a momentous truth. Between these two sets of difficulties we have to make our choice. But to those who agree with the previous chapters, the choice cannot be doubtful; for however hard it is to believe Christianity, it is, as we have shown, harder still to disbelieve it. This, then, is our final conclusion, that the truth of the Christian religion is _extremely probable_, because, to put it shortly, though the difficulties of accepting Christianity are great, the difficulties of rejecting it are far greater.

INDEX OF TEXTS.

PAGE

GENESIS.

1. 117
" 1 213
" 26 159, 393
2. 132
" 4 119
3. 22 159, 393
4. 13-17, 26 132
5. 1-2 134
6. 2-4 132
7. 11 126
" 21 132
7-8. 159
9. 13-14 127
11. 7 393
12. 3 205
" 6 160
" 16 141
13. 7 160
14. 22 213
18. 25 215
21. 33 213
22. 210
" 17 217
" 18 374
23. 2, 19 142
25. 18 143
26. 4 374
27. 8-13 208
33. 18 142
35. 6 142
36. 31-39 159
39. 1 139
" 9 215
40. 11, 19 140
" 15 156
41. 140
" 41 393
43. 27-28 143
" 32 139
46. 34 139
48. 3 142
49. 30 142
50. 3 139

EXODUS.

1. 11 144
" 14 144
2. 3 144
3. 14 405
4. 21 159
5. 12 144
" 23 165
7. 3 159
" 11, 22 182
" 14-25 157
" 19 145
8. 7, 18, 19 182
" 15, 32 210
9. 34 210
10. 1 159
" 3, 7 210
12. 12 146
" 25 153
" 37 171
13. 11 153
" 13 210
14. 4 209
" 21, 22 178
" 30 179
16. 36 160
17. 14 164
19. 5 206
20. 24 161
21. 2, 16 211
22. 29, 30 210
23. 4-5 211
23. 9 148
24. 4 164, 165
25. 3-10 148
" 13-18 147
29. 14 154
34. 20 210
" 27 164

LEVITICUS.

4. 12 154
6. 2 392
" 11 154
7. 1 380
" 38 151
11. 29 132
13. 46 154
14. 3 154
" 34 153
16. 1 151
" 19 380
" 26 154
17. 3 150, 154
18-20. 211
18. 20 392
" 21-28 209
19. 11, 15, 17 392
" 23 151
" 34 412
23. 10 153
24. 15 151
" 16 412
24. 19 392
25. 1 151
" 2 153
" 13 150
" 14, 15, 17 392
" 41 211
26. 33 190
26. 46 151
27. 28, 29 210
" 34 151

NUMBERS.

1. 171
" 1 151
" 21 171
" 47-4, 49 150
2. 10, 17 169
3. 14 151
" 29 169
5. 2 154
9. 1 151
" 10 151
11. 5 147
15. 2, 18 153
" 35 151
16. 169, 183
17. 2 147
18. 15 210
19. 3, 14 154
21. 14 159
23. 19 214
26. 171
" 11 170
27. 8 151
33. 165
" 2 164
" 4 146
" 50 151
35. 1 151
" 1-8 150
" 10 153
36. 8 151
" 13 164

DEUTERONOMY.

1. 3 151
" 37 165
2. 10-12 160
" 20-23 160
3. 8, 20, 25 156
" 14 160
" 23-26 165
4. 1, 5, 14 154
" 3-15 152
" 17 126
" 21 165
" 27 190
" 39 212
4. 46 151
5. 3 152
" 31 154
6. 1, 18 154
" 5 215
" 9 146
7. 1 153
" 2 163
" 15 148
" 22 163
8. 1 154
" 7-10 148
9. 5 209
11. 2-8 152
" 6 170
" 10-12 148
" 11 126
" 20 146
" 30 156
12. 1, 10, 29 153
" 5 161
" 21 150
" 31 210
13. 1-3 199
14. 2 216
17. 14 153
18. 6-8 162
" 9 153
" 22 199
20. 17 163
21. 23 377
24. 9, 18, 22 152
25. 17 152
26. 1 153
" 14 147
" 18 216
27. 2 146
28. 191
" 25, 64 190
" 37, 46, 48 190
" 60 148
29. 1 151
" 2-9 152
31. 2, 22, 24-26 165
" 9, 22, 24 164
32. 8 206
33. 27 123

JOSHUA.

1. 7, 8 160
3. 14-17 183
6. 6-20 183
6. 15 173
8. 31, 32 160
9. 1, 10 156
10. 12-14 179
12. 7 156
23. 26 160
24. 26 160

JUDGES.

3. 4 160
5. 4 127
6. 15 171
" 26 162
11. 39 210
20. 27, 28 160
21. 19 160

I. SAMUEL.

2. 12-30 160
3. 3 160
4. 4 160
6. 15 160
" 19 171
14. 3 160
15. 22 161
25. 16 178

II. SAMUEL.

7. 12-16 195
8. 16 173
10. 5 141
11. 24 386
12. 9 386
24. 18 162

I. KINGS.

2. 3 160
3. 2 161
6. 14-36 147
8. 27 213
9. 4, 5 195
10. 29 174
11. 31, 40 195
12. 24 195
13. 2 196
14. 15 196
17. 21 357
18. 27-40 183
" 27 212
" 32 162
20. 30 171
22. 43 161

II. KINGS.

2. 22 181
4. 6 181
5. 10-27 183
6. 6 181
7. 2 126
" 6 174
14. 6 160
15. 19 176
17. 6 177
18. 4-6 161
" 28-35 184
" 18 173
19. 10, 34 184
" 15-18 212
" 35 183, 184
20. 8-11 183, 196
" 17 196
21. 2, 21 163
22. 162
23. 15, 16 196
25. 3 177

I. CHRONICLES.

21. 12 184
28. 9 215
29. 11 213

II. CHRONICLES.

14. 8, 9 171
20. 6 206
32. 24, 31 197
34. 8 173

EZRA.

6. 12 393
7. 21 393

NEHEMIAH.

1. 8 190
9. 6 213

JOB.

10. 4, 5 120
11. 7 214
12. 10 213
16. 10 385
29. 9 376
34. 19 215
36. 26 213
37. 16 213
33. 8-11 127

PSALMS.

8. 3, 4 60
22. 384
22. 27 218
58. 4 134
69. 474
82. 6 412
86. 9 218
90. 2 213
115. 4-8 212
139. 2 213
" 7 213
147. 5 213
" 8-9 178
148. 6 214

PROVERBS.

15. 3 213
16. 4 213
30. 19 126

ECCLESIASTES.

12. 14 215

ISAIAH.

1. 4 378
6. 5-10 460
" 8 394
8. 4 196
9. 1-2 390
" 6 390
10. 21 390
11. 9 218
13. 4 134
" 19-22 187
14. 22, 23 187
28. 29 213
37. 16 206
38. 8 196
40. 3 407
" 10 377
41. 8 381
" 22 199
42. 1-6 382
44. 6 408
" 8 199
" 28 196
45. 7 213
" 15 214
46. 10 213
48. 3-5 199
" 12 213
49. 3-5 382
" 6-7 382
51. 9 377
52. 13-53, 12 376

JEREMIAH.

7. 22 161
8. 8 155
9. 16 190
14. 14 155
23. 24 213
24. 9 190
26. 8-16 196
29. 10 196
" 18 190
30. 11 190
31. 35-37 190
32. 17 213
50. 13, 39, 40 187

LAMENTATIONS.

4. 4 385

EZEKIEL.

11. 5 213
13. 7 155
22. 15 190
29. 11-13 189
" 15 188
30. 7, 13 189
34. 23 383

DANIEL.

3. 20-27 183
4. 6 393
5. 1 174
8. 1 174
9. 21 311
9. 26 196
11. 196
12. 2 465

HOSEA.

4. 4-6 160
6. 6 161
8. 1, 12, 13 160
9. 4 160
" 17 190
12. 9 160

JOEL.

2. 31 145

AMOS.

2. 4, 11 160
3. 6 213
4. 1 385
" 4, 5 160
5. 8 213
" 21-25 160
8. 5 160
9. 9 190

MICAH.

5. 2 391

NAHUM.

3. 7 187
" 8 178

ZEPHANIAH.

2. 11 218
2. 13-14 187

ZECHARIAH.

3. 8 383
9. 9 392
11. 12-13 392
12. 10 392
13. 7 392
14. 9 392

MALACHI.

3. 6 214
" 10 126

II. ESDRAS.

8. 3 262

MATTHEW.

1. 22 389
2. 1 318
3. 3 407
" 17 268
5. 3, 10 261
" 24 273
" 39 398
6. 14 401
7. 13, 23 465
7. 22 359, 403
8. 3 356
" 12 465
" 30-32 352
9. 9 275
" 33 361
" 34 367
10. 8 283
" 17, 22 433
" 28 472
" 32 403
" 33 465
11. 21-24 350
" 4 350
" 5 283
" 25-27 281
" 27 402
12. 24 367
" 31, 32 460
" 32 465
" 42 268
13. 41 402, 403
" 42, 50 465
" 58 358
14. 13 284
15. 26 386
16. 13-16 402
" 17 304
" 18 433
" 21 317
" 27 403, 468
" 28 273
18. 6 478
" 8 465
" 20 404
19. 12 399
" 26 32
" 28 403
20. 28 402
21. 43 273
22. 11 400
" 14 261
" 17 272
23. 37 283
24. 3, 29 274
" 16 274
" 30 403
" 31 402
" 36 281
25. 31-46 403
" 41, 46 465
26. 28 402
" 39 32
" 52 386
" 61 284
" 62 378
" 64 403
" 65 412
27. 8 274
" 14 378
27. 43 390
" 63-64 303
28. 4, 11 311
" 16, 7, 10 313
" 9 337
" 10, 19 386
" 15 274, 337
" 17 334
" 18 402
" 19, 20 404
" 19 262, 281, 433, 461

MARK.

1. 3 407
" 5 368
" 11 268
" 14-20 278
" 20 285
" 34 355
" 42 356
2. 10 350
3. 1-5 359
" 10 355
" 12 358
" 22 367
" 28, 29 460
" 29 465
5. 11-13 352
" 39 358
" 41 354
" 42 361
" 43 358
6. 5-6 358
" 31 284
" 56 355
7. 34 354
" 36 358
" 37 361
9. 1 273
" 31 317
" 48 465
10. 18 405
10. 24 378
" 45 402
11. 10 366
12. 29 460
13. 7, 10 273
" 13 433
" 14 274
" 24 274
" 32 281, 405
14. 9 273
" 24 402
" 28 311
" 51 275
" 58 284
" 64 412
16. 7 313
" 8 311
" 11 312
" 11-14 334
" 13 312
" 14 322
" 15 433
" 16 477
" 17 359

LUKE.

1. 1 276
" 1-4 271
" 2-3 272
" 3 295,313
" 25 311
2. 2 266
" 52 405
3. 1 268
" 4 407
" 22 268
5. 17-21 360
" 25 356
6. 36-38 261
7. 14 357
" 22 283, 350
8. 32-33 352
" 55 356
9. 10 284
" 27 273
10. 13-15 350
" 21, 22 281
" 22 402
" 38 283
11. 15 367
" 31 268
13. 453
" 10-17 359
" 34 283
14. 21-22 309
16. 8 399
17. 1-2 261
18. 33 317
" 42 358
" 43 356
19. 37 283
" 37-38 392
" 43 299
21. 21 274
" 24 273
" 27 274
22. 19 402
" 71 412
24. 4, 23 311
" 9, 33 322
" 11 311
" 11, 37 334
" 12 318
" 18 276
" 24 318
" 30, 43 337
" 34 312, 313, 321
" 41 322
" 39 261

JOHN.

1. 1 286, 407
" 3 409
" 14 277
" 29-2, 12 278
" 29, 36 286
" 40 276
" 46 377
2. 11 360
" 13 280
" 17, 22 278
" 19 284
" 19-21 317
3. 13 404
" 16 476
" 24 281
4. 27 278
5. 1 280
" 2 277
" 9 356
" 9-16 359
" 18 411
5. 23 403
" 27 473
" 36 350
6. 4 280, 284
" 15 366
" 38 404
" 42, 70 281
" 51 472
" 62 314
7. 5 325
8. 12 434
" 24 477
" 29 401
" 58 404
" 59 411
9. 8-34 353
" 13-34 362
" 14-16 359
" 32 361
10. 18 241, 381
" 30 404
" 33 411
11. 8 411
" 11 358
" 47 362
12. 32 434
" 45 404
13. 28 278
14. 1, 23 403
" 9 404
" 16, 26 460
" 28 406
15. 26 460
16. 7 403
" 17 278
" 28 404
17. 5 404
" 21 404
18. 15 276, 285
19. 7 412
" 28-30 385
" 34 343
" 35 277
20. 2, 13 318
" 6-8 318
" 17 314, 406
" 25 334
" 26 303
" 28 407
" 30 306, 313
" 31 282
21. 5 378
21. 12 322
" 13 337
" 15 322

ACTS.

1. 1 419
" 1-13 307
" 3 296, 306, 310, 327
" 6 309
" 8 321
" 13 275
" 15 307
" 22 303, 309, 322
" 22-23 307
2. 22 362, 407
" 24 302
" 31 303
" 38 462
" 41 338
" 43-47 386
3. 6 408
" 13 383
" 15 379, 344
" 21 296
4. 5-22 362
" 10 302, 408
" 12 477
" 16 362
" 37 275
5. 3, 4 460
" 30 302
" 37 267
6. 5 295
7. 59 408
8. 5, 26, 40 295
" 16 462
9. 7 339
" 10 332
10. 10 332
" 30 333
" 38 362
" 40 302
" 41 337, 348
11. 5 333
12. 1 289
" 12 275
13. 1 419
" 7 288
" 30 302
" 31 306, 310, 315
" 35-37 303
14. 1-12 291
15. 7, 14 322
16. 9 332
" 9-40 294
" 18, 26 362
" 31 477
17. 6 290
" 17 418
" 19, 32 456
" 28 109
" 31 302
" 34 419
18. 8, 24 419
" 12 289
" 25 462
19. 3 461
" 9-10 418
" 21 293
" 29-39 292
" 38 289
20. 2 294
" 5-21, 18 294
" 25, 38 299
" 28 408
21. 10 295
" 18 272
22. 9 339
" 17 333
23. 26 289, 419
24. 3 419
" 17 293
25. 13, 14, 23 290
" 26 289
26. 23 302
" 8 456
" 19, 8 304
" 13, 14 339
" 23 245
" 30 289
27. 1-28, 16 294
28. 6, 8, 9 362
" 7 290
" 25 460

ROMANS.

2. 6 468
6. 23 472
8. 26 460
" 8, 29 78
" 35 328
9. 5 410
10. 9 477
13. 4 386
14. 9 410
" 10 410
15. 18, 19 363
" 19 294
" 25, 26 293
" 30 463
16. 23 419

I. CORINTHIANS.

1. 23 417
2. 8 405
" 10 460
4. 9-13 328
6. 12 479
8. 4 460
8. 6 410
9. 1 303, 333
10. 2 462
12. 9-10, 28 370
15. 1-3 306
" 3 410
" 4 303
" 3-5 304
" 5 322
" 8 333
" 11 306, 314
" 14-17 303
" 15 329
" 20 245
" 50 304
16. 23 462

II. CORINTHIANS.

3. 17 460
5. 10 410
" 16 302
" 21 410
8. 18 300
11. 24-27 328
12. 12 363
13. 14 462

GALATIANS.

1. 8-9 474
" 13 328
" 16 304
" 16-17 333
" 19 306, 409
" 23 409
2. 2 409
3. 13 377
" 28 427
4. 4 239
6. 18 462

EPHESIANS.

4. 4-6 410, 463
6. 12 304
" 23 462

PHILIPPIANS.

2. 6 410
4. 3 260

COLOSSIANS.

1. 15-16 409
" 17 109
" 18 245
" 20 471
2. 9 410
4. 10 275
" 14 296

I THESSALONIANS.

1. 3-5 463

I TIMOTHY.

1. 13 479
4. 10 471

II TIMOTHY.

1. 13 475
4. 7 476
" 11 296
" 20 299

TITUS.

2. 13 410

PHILEMON.

24 296

HEBREWS.

1. 3 404
" 8 410
9. 14 460

I PETER.

1. 2 463
" 19 477
4. 14 434

II PETER.

3. 10 437

I JOHN.

1. 1 277, 286
2. 2 471
4. 2-3 478

JUDE.

20-21 463

REVELATION.

1. 5 245
" 17, 18 408
" 18 344
2. 8 408
" 13, 25 475
3. 11 475
" 14 409
5. 11-14 408
" 13 471
6. 1 286
13. 18 255
14. 1 286
" 11 465
17. 6 298
19. 13 286
20. 15 465
22. 13 408

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

PAGE

Abila, inscription at, 268
Abraham, trust in God, 205, 210
---- promises to, 374
Account of creation, 117
Acts of Apostles, 287
---- accuracy, 288
---- authorship, 294
---- medical language, 296
---- date, 297
---- and Christ's Divinity, 407
---- of Pilate, 365
Adam and Eve, 132
Additions to Pentateuch, 159
Agreements, undesigned, 168
---- in Gospels, 315
Agrippa, called King, 289
Amalek, threat against, 164
Ambition, the great, 451
Amos, 160
Analogies and illustrations:
---- watch showing design, 12
---- mass of machinery, 22
---- house and tenant, 31
---- ship in distress, 36
---- king and child, 67
---- bird in egg, 89
---- telegraph clerk, 91
---- Mont Cenis tunnel, 102
---- telephone, 105
---- clock and magnet, 107
---- artist and pictures, 126
---- diseases of Normandy, 148
---- similar letters, 227
---- man's nature, 232
---- parents and children, 234
---- paying a debt, 242
---- regiments crossing, 245
---- whirlpool, 248
---- Indian Mutiny, 299
---- ingenious robbery, 399
---- founding a religion, 416
---- going for a holiday, 439
---- prayer to a father, 441
---- trees and storm, 447
---- key fitting lock, 450
---- planting a flower, 466
---- quicksands, 474
---- doctor and fever, 474
---- scarlet fever, 482
---- long frontier line, 484
Angels, their existence, 202
---- their influence, 203
---- at tomb, 310, 345
---- seen by the women, 310
---- and by soldiers, 311
---- not fellow-creators, 394
---- seeing and hearing, 202
---- are Christ's angels, 402
---- casting out evil, 351
Animals, their creation, 131
---- difference from man, 51
---- cannot know man, 227
---- not immortal, 91
---- their sufferings, 69
Antioch, inscription at, 267
Antiquity of man, 132
Apocryphal Gospels, 354
Apollos of Alexandria, 418
Apostasy, under trial, 475
Apostolic Fathers, 260
Aramaic words of Christ, 354
Archæology and O. Test, 172
Arianism, 475
Aristides, 259, 364
Aristion, 258, 305
Ark, 147
Arm of the Lord, 377
Artist and pictures, 126
Ascension, the, 314
---- and early converts, 344
Ashdod, taken by Sargon, 176
Assyria, prophecies as to, 187
---- army destroyed, 184
Athanasian Creed, warnings, 473
Athanasian Creed, implies persecution, 475
---- dogmatism, 479
Atonement, doctrine of, 240
---- prophecies as to, 379
---- and human nature, 447
---- and other religions, 454

Baal and Jehovah, 183
Baalbec, inscription at, 268
Babylonia, prophecies, 187
---- messengers from, 197
Baker, the chief, 140
Baptismal formula, 461
---- witness of St. Paul, 461
---- of Teaching, 262, 461
Baptist (see John), 279
Barnabas, epistle of, 261
Bashan, bulls of, 385
Battering-rams, 192
Beauterne as to Napoleon, 251
Bees, cells of, 52
---- not due to heredity, 53
Belief, importance of true, 473
---- virtue not necessity, 487
Belshazzar, 174
Beneficence in nature, 59
---- and righteousness, 80
---- in Jewish Religion, 214
---- and in Christian, 242
Bernice, 290
Berosus, as to Nabonidus, 174
---- as to Sennacherib, 185
Bethany, 283
Bethel, altar at, 196
Bethesda, pool at, 277
Bethlehem, Birth at, 391
'Beyond Jordan', 156
Bible, mistakes in O. Test., 170
---- in N. Test., 268
---- inspiration, 437
Bible and Nat. Religion, 200
Blasphemy against Spirit, 460
---- Christ charged with, 412
Blood and water, 343, 385
Book of the Law, 162
Books buried in temples, 163
Bread, miracle as to, 108
Bricks with straw, 144
Brotherhood of man, 48
Butler, 431
By-product, pain is a, 60

Cæsar, no early MSS., 253
Cæsarea, Philip at, 295
Calmness of Evangelists, 317
Canaan, its peculiarities, 148
Canaanites destroyed, 209
---- but done gradually, 163
Cannibalism at Jerusalem, 192
Capernaum, centurion at, 360
Cats and mice, 70
Cause, must be free, 33
Cells of bees, 52
---- built by workers, 53
Celsus, Christ's miracles, 367
Cenis, tunnel in Mont, 102
Census of Israelites, 171
---- at Christ's birth, 266
Centurion at Capernaum, 360
Certainty not necessity, 27
Chabas, 143
Chance, really impossible, 21
Change of place in Acts I, 310
Changelessness, moral, 111
Character of God, 58
---- of man, 39
---- its permanence, 88
Chiefman of Malta, 290, 361
Child of God, man is a, 236
Child's belief, 478
---- temptations, 87
Chorazin, its significance, 350
Christ, His character, 396
---- teaching, 397
---- sinlessness, 400
---- in Old Test, 380, 388
---- always pleasing God, 401
---- claims, 401
---- sufferings unmerited, 241
---- His temptations, 447
---- foretold Resurrection, 317
---- beginning of creation, 409
---- seeing Him seeing God, 404
---- influence in world, 434
---- prophecies as to, 374
---- the perfect Example, 236
---- the Jewish Messiah, 375
---- the Paschal Lamb, 380
---- the One Mediator, 454
---- the only Saviour, 476
---- (see Divinity), 403, 459
Christiana, sand storm, 146
Christianity, meaning of, 3, 221
---- its leading doctrines, 222
---- its improbability, 249, 488
Christianity, preparation for, 422
---- based on miracles, 435
---- and the Resurrection, 302
---- its early triumphs, 416
---- its later history, 425
---- effect on world, 426
---- future prospects, 430
---- its indestructibility, 432
---- and prayer, 437
---- and human nature, 445
---- and other religions, 452
---- its evidences, 483
---- unspeakable grandeur, 485
---- no half measures, 488
Classical writers, miracles, 368
---- no early MSS., 253
Clement of Rome, Gospels, 261
Cleopas, 276
Clock and magnet, 107
Closed questions, 481
Coincidences, superhuman, 100
Communion, Holy, 386, 402
Conscience, man has a, 50
---- the Voice of God, 50
Conservation of energy, 46
Constantine's vision, 335
Conversion, St. Paul's, 306
---- effect on companions, 339
---- Christ unrecognised, 340
Converts, early, 418
Crabs, and sense of pain, 70
Creation, 4
---- account of, in Genesis, 117
---- days of, 119
---- on three occasions, 123, 136
---- and evolution, 24
Creator, meaning of term, 8
Credentials, of messenger, 98
Credible, meaning of, 99
Creeping things, 131
Crispus of Corinth, 418
Crucifixion, Psalm of the, 384
---- no Jewish punishment, 388
Cyprus, proconsul at, 288
Cyrenius (see Quirinius), 266

Damnatory clauses, 473
Dana on Genesis I, 136
Daniel, Book of, 174
Darkness over land, 368
Darwin, 71
David, his character, 208
---- not subject of Ps. 22, 388
Days of creation, 119
Dead body of Christ, 337
---- offerings for, 147
Death, 448
Decalogue, its excellence, 211
---- preserved in temple, 215
Definitions, credible, 99
---- design, 10
---- dogmatism, 479
---- evolution, 20
---- free force, 4
---- instinct, 52
---- law of nature, 19
---- material universe, 4
---- miracles, 101
---- natural force, 20
---- omnipotence, 32
---- omniscience, 32
---- origin, 4
---- personal being, 30
---- revelation, 82
---- supernatural force, 9
Degradation of energy, 7
Delphi, inscription at, 289
Demoniacal possession, 351
Desert, of Shur, 143
---- laws suitable for, 149
---- journeys in, 165
---- wind, 145
Design, meaning of, 10
---- evidence in a watch, 12
---- in an eye, 14
---- throughout nature, 18
---- beneficent, 59
---- need not be desire, 74
---- man can, 47
---- animals cannot, 52
---- and instinct, 52
Destruction of Canaanites, 209
---- done gradually, 163
---- of wicked, 471
Determinism, 43
Deuteronomy, finding of, 162
Dial, shadow on, 196
Diana of Ephesus, 292
Diatessaron of Tatian, 257
Diet in Egypt, 147
Difficulties not explained
---- as to Adam and Eve, 132
---- number of Israelites, 171
---- swine at Gadara, 352
---- vows in Ps. 22, 386
---- virginity, 399
Difficulties, endless misery, 470
---- known and unknown, 494
Dionysius the Areopagite, 418
Discoveries, modern, 172
Discrepancies in Gospels, 268
---- in Fourth Gospel, 282
---- as to Resurrection, 309
---- essential agreement, 315
Diseases of Egypt, 148, 193
Dishonesty in E, J, P, and D, 158
Dispersion of Jews, 189, 217
Divinity of Christ, 403, 459
---- witness of Synoptists, 407
---- of St. John, 407
---- of Acts, 407
---- of Revelation, 408
---- of St. Paul's Epistles, 409
---- of Hebrews, 410
---- of Aristides, 365
---- of Christ's foes, 411
---- of Pliny, 418
---- of Jewish prophecies, 390
---- of Holy Spirit, 459
Dogmatism, objection to, 479
Dogs, term for Gentiles, 385
Doors of the sea, 126
Doubts of Resurrection, 334
Dreams, 92
---- of Pharaoh, 140
Driver, 157, 159
Dry land, appearance of, 127
Dualism in old religions, 119
---- unknown to Jews, 213
---- and endless misery, 466

Eagle, Roman ensign, 191
Earth likened to machine, 22
Earthquakes, 74
Edersheim and Isaiah, 53, 381
---- and Psalm 22, 387
Edomite kings, list of, 159
Effect, the world is an, 37
Egypt, prophecies as to, 188
---- magicians of, 182
---- diseases of, 148, 193
---- gods of, 146
---- religion of, 454
---- and the Pentateuch, 138
---- return of Jews to, 194
---- periodical census, 267
Elephantine, temple at, 162
Eleven, the, ancient term, 322
Elijah's sacrifice, 100, 183
Elisha, trivial miracles of, 181
Elohim, plural word, 393
Embalming Christ's body, 334
Emperor called lord, 289
Encyclopædia Britannica, 15, 53
End of the world, 437
Endless happiness, 470
---- misery, 464
Enemies, doing good to, 211
Energy, degradation of, 7
---- conservation of, 46
Ephesus, riot at, 292
---- St. Paul's discussions, 418
---- farewell to friends, 299
Epistles of St. Paul, four admittedly genuine, 282
---- accuracy of Acts, 293
---- the Resurrection, 303
---- St. Paul's sufferings, 328
---- Christian miracles, 363
---- Divinity of Christ, 410
---- doctrine of Trinity, 462
---- spread of Christianity, 418
Erastus of Corinth, 418
Erech, inscription at, 174
Erect position, man's, 65
Eternal punishment, 464
Eternity, 450
Ether, 226, 246
Euclid, 40
Eusebius, as to Papias, 259
---- Quadratus, 364
---- Jews going to Pella, 275
Evangelists educated, 275
---- had known Christ, 302
Everlasting Father and Son, 225
---- in Isaiah, 391
Everyone's work no one's, 348
Evidences, Christian, 483
Evil, existence of, 69
---- physical, 69, 72
---- moral, 75
---- Jewish idea of, 213
---- men, 77
---- spirits, 351
Evolution, meaning of, 20
---- requires a Cause, 7
---- requires a Designer, 23
---- requires a motive, 84
---- implies involution, 23
Evolution and mind, 65
---- and immortality, 85
---- a form of creation, 24
---- leads up to man, 65
---- and the Incarnation, 239
---- in revelation, 93, 206
---- in prophecies, 375
---- in account of Creation, 122
Experience and miracles, 103
Eye, its marks of design, 14
---- shows beneficence, 59
Ezekiel, prophecy of Egypt, 188

Faith, faculty of, 485
---- and miracles, 358
Falsehood Theory, the, 326
---- not now adopted, 329
Famines in Egypt, 141
---- at Jerusalem, 192
Farewell, Christ's double, 309
Feeding the 5,000 credible, 108
---- in triple tradition, 269
---- undesigned coincidence, 284
---- public miracle, 361
---- rationalistic view, 370
Feet pierced, 343
Felix and Festus, 289
'Fellow,' meaning of, 392
Fellowship and personality, 229
Fig-tree, the barren, 354
Final state of wicked, 463
Firmament, or expanse, 125
Firstborn from dead, 245
---- of Creation, 409
---- death of the, 146
First Cause single, 8
---- supernatural, 9
---- needed no cause, 8
First Witnesses, the, 325
Fishes and birds, 130
Five hundred, appearance, 307
---- explains Gospels, 321
Flesh and blood, 304
Flood, parallel passages, 159
Forces and causes, 33
Foreknowledge, free will, 26
---- and omniscience, 32
---- and prophecies, 99
---- and prayer, 439
---- and endless misery, 468
---- differs from foresight, 11
---- from foreordaining, 78
---- in man, foreguessing, 26
Forgiveness of sins, 242
Fourth Gospel, authorship, 277
---- and other three, 280
---- and Revelation, 285
Free force, meaning of a, 4
Free will, foreknowledge, 26
---- of man, 43
---- of animals, 52
---- of angels, 203
---- source of all force, 46
---- its introduction, 123
---- makes evil possible, 76
---- difficulties as to, 466
---- in religious belief, 487
Fruit-trees making fruit, 122
Fulfilled among us, 276
Future life (_see_ Immortality and Resurrection).

Gabriel, man and angel, 311
Gadara, miracle at, 269, 352
Galilee, appearance in, 307
Gallio, proconsul, 289
Generations, meaning, 122
Genesis, the Creation in, 117
---- refers to Egypt, 138
---- partly written there, 142
Gentiles, conversion, 380, 388, 393
---- called dogs, 385
Geography of Palestine, 173
Gibbon and Christianity, 420
Gifts brought to the altar, 272
God, meaning of term, 30
---- argument from causation, 4
---- from design, 10
---- moral argument, 58
---- three combined, 81, 229
---- no physical proof, 31
---- a Personal Being, 30
---- who loves man, 234
---- Power, 32, 213, 228, 440, 465
---- Wisdom 32, 213, 228, 441
---- Goodness, 79, 214, 228, 242, 441
---- bearing on miracles, 112
---- and on the Trinity, 229
---- emphasized by Christianity, 235
---- three attributes combined, 80, 112, 199, 235, 488
---- Justice, 204, 466
God, and Mercy, 468
---- bearing on Atonement, 241
---- Love, 229
---- bearing on Trinity, 229
---- Greatness, 61
---- Omnipresence, 33, 213
---- Unknowable, 33, 214, 226
---- bearing on revelation, 94
---- Unchangeable, 110, 214
---- bearing on miracles, 110
---- and the Incarnation, 231
---- Omnipotent, 32
---- Eternal, 213
---- Creator of Universe, 8
---- and its Preserver, 33
---- Jewish idea of, 204
---- faith in, 486
---- (_see_ Immanence)
---- (_see_ Trinity)
Goodness, God's, 80, 214, 228
---- not below man's, 80, 235
---- man's, 48
---- depends on free will, 76
---- its infinite value, 76
Gospels, the Four, 252
---- external testimony, 252
---- internal evidence, 265
---- evidence of Acts, 287
---- probable date, 300
---- (_see_ Synoptics, Fourth)
Governor, title of, 289
Grape-juice in Egypt, 140
Grave-clothes at tomb, 345
---- by themselves, 318
Gravity, force, universal, 8
---- known by effects, 35
---- an assumption, 46
Great ambition, 451
---- alternative, 413
---- surprise, 449
Greek philosophy, 423
Green grass, mentioned, 284
Guard at the tomb, 337

Harnack, unity of Acts, 295
---- date of Gospels, 300
---- as to Town Clerk, 292
Healing, gifts of, 370
Hebrews, Christ's Divinity, 410
---- land of the, 156
Hengstenberg, 387
Herod, Agrippa, death of, 288
Herod, called king, 289
Hezekiah, his sickness, 196
---- not subject of Ps. 22, 388
Hittites, 174
Holy Communion, 386, 402
Holy Spirit, the, 230
---- Divinity of, 459
Horses, time of Joseph, 141
Horus myth, and Christ, 454
Human sacrifices in O.T., 210
---- and Atonement, 240
Hume on experience, 104
Hurtful organs in nature, 59
Huxley on the Creeds, 249

Iconium, 291
Ignatius, 261
---- knowing, believing, 263
Illusions, not simultaneous, 335
Illyricum, 293
Image and likeness, 134
Immanence, God's, 109
---- and Evolution, 23
---- and secondary forces, 33
---- and miracles, 109
---- and the Incarnation, 239
---- and prayer, 440
Immortality, man's, 83
---- from unique position, 84
---- unjust treatment, 87
---- vast capabilities, 88
---- inherent belief, 90
---- counter-arguments, 91
---- and human nature, 448
---- in Egyptian religion, 455
Incarnation, doctrine of, 230
---- its difficulties, 231
---- its motive, 233
---- historical position, 238
---- and evolution, 239
---- and human nature, 447
---- and other religions, 452
Indian Mutiny, 299
Infinitely little, 64
Inhabitants, other planets, 67
Inherent convictions, man's, 39
---- as to mind, 41
---- free will, 44
---- responsibility, 47
---- sin, 48
---- immortality, 90
---- prayer, 438
Inscriptions at Erech, 174
Inscriptions, at Mugheir, 174
----Khorsabad, 176
---- Tivoli, 266
---- Antioch, 267
---- Baalbec, 268
---- Abila, 268
---- Soli, Cyprus, 289
---- Delphi, 289
---- Malta, 290
---- Thessalonica, 290
---- Lystra, 291
---- Ephesus, 292
Insignificance of man, 60
---- counter-arguments, 61
---- real importance, 64
Instincts of animals, 52
Invertebrates, in Genesis, 131
Involution and evolution, 23
Irenæus and Gospels, 254
---- Polycarp, 254
---- Papias, 258
---- date of Revelation, 285
---- value of prophecy, 367
Isaac, sacrifice of, 210
Isaiah, mentions Sargon, 176
---- test of a prophet, 199
---- prophecy of Babylon, 187
---- of Jerusalem, 196
---- of the Messiah, 377
---- of His Divinity, 391
---- implies the Trinity, 394
Israel, God's selection of, 204
---- going through cities of, 273
Israelites, great number, 171

Jacob's character, 208
Jairus' daughter, 353, 358, 360
James, St., Christ's brother, 272
---- unbeliever, 325
Japan, becoming Christian, 430
Jehovah adored by millions, 218
---- identified with Christ, 407
---- and with Holy Spirit, 460
Jehu not son of Omri, 176
Jephthah's daughter, 210
Jericho, discoveries at, 173
Jeroboam's rebellion, 195
Jerusalem, first destruction foretold, 196
---- accuracy of date, 177
---- and second, 191, 274
---- later than Gospels, 275
Jerusalem, later than Acts, 299
---- hint to leave, 274
Jewish Prophecies, Egypt, 188
---- Assyria, 187
---- Babylonia, 187
---- dispersion of Jews, 189
---- the Messiah, 374
Jewish Religion, its origin, 137
---- its partiality, 204
---- its miracles, 177
---- its prophecies, 186
---- influence in world, 217
---- and Natural Religion, 216
Jews, dispersion of, 189
---- a peculiar people, 217
---- all from one man, 216
---- use of term, 280
John, St., his call, 278
---- author of Gospel, 279
---- the Baptist, 279
---- and Christ's miracles, 350
Jordan, beyond, 156
Joseph in Egypt, 139
Josephus, witness to Acts, 289
---- as to Sennacherib, 185
---- as to crucifixion, 342
---- siege of Jerusalem, 191
---- date of the taxing, 266
Josiah and Deuteronomy, 162
Journeys in Desert, 165
Jubilee, year of, 150
Judges and Pentateuch, 160
Justice, God's, 204, 466
Justin, witness to Gospels, 255
---- Book of Revelation, 285
---- guard at tomb, 337
---- Christ's miracles, 365
---- prefers prophecy, 365
---- the Name, persecuted, 434
---- Acts of Pilate, 365

King of the Jews, 392
Kings did not use plural, 393
Korah, rebellion of, 169
Koran, Christ's miracles, 424
---- authorises force, 428
Krishna myth, and Christ, 452

Lamb of God, 286
---- Paschal, 380
Land animals, 131
Laws, of nature, 19
---- in Pentateuch, 149
Laymen offering sacrifice, 162
Lazarus, raising of, 370
---- only in one Gospel, 283
---- well-known man, 360
---- case of resuscitation, 245
Lecky, on Christ's teaching, 398
Legend Theory, the, 329
---- disproved by Gospels, 329
---- and St. Paul's Epistles, 330
Legislation, Jewish, 149
Levi ben Gershon, 180
Levites, 150, 162
Life, origin of, in Genesis, 128
---- science and, 122
---- forms three groups, 55
Light before the sun, 129
Logos in Revelation, 286
---- among Greeks, 423
Lord, and God, 407
---- title or emperor, 289
Lord's Day, 303
---- Servant, the, 376
Lost Gospel, 262
Love, of God, 229
---- must be free, 235
---- motive of Religion, 451
Luke, St., a doctor, 296
---- wrote Gospel, 275
---- wrote Acts, 294
---- perhaps at Emmaus, 276
---- witnessed miracles, 362
Lycaonia, the cities of, 291
Lysanias, 268
Lystra, inscriptions at, 291

Magicians of Egypt, 182
Magnet and clock, 107
Mohammedanism, 213
---- unlike Christianity, 424
---- and Christ's miracles, 424
---- authorises force, 428
Malchus, 360
Malta, title 'chiefman', 290
Man, mental attributes, 39
---- moral attributes, 41
---- memory, 41
---- free will, 43
---- responsibility, 47
---- moral sense, 48
---- conscience, 50
---- personal being, 47
Man, moral being, 49
---- bearing on Christianity, 239
---- his Unique position, 45, 65
---- due to mind, and spirit, 66
---- greater than stars, 66
---- bearing on revelation, 94
---- each man unique, 62, 133
---- and irreplaceable, 63
---- character, permanent, 88
---- tripartite nature, 55
---- end of creation, 65, 84
---- also its first thought, 66
---- his probation, 85
---- scandal of universe, 244
---- seems insignificant, 60
---- real importance, 64
---- bearing on Incarnation, 239
---- immortality of spirit, 83
---- resurrection of body, 247
---- creation in Genesis, 132
---- not created good, 86, 133
---- antiquity, 132
---- differs from animals, 51
---- his erect position, 65
---- resembles God, 56, 133, 234
---- child of God, 236
---- bearing on Incarnation, 232
---- his ignorance, 6, 17, 34
---- bearing on miracles, 108
---- and on Christianity, 249
Manaen, 418
Marcion, Luke's Gospel, 257
Mardukshazzar, 175
Mark, St., wrote Gospel, 275
---- interpreter of Peter, 259
---- earliest of Four, 269
---- at Gethsemane, 275
---- witness to miracles, 355
---- their sitting at meat, 320
Martha, 283
Mary Magd. first witness, 316
---- not expecting it, 334
Material universe, meaning, 4
Materialism, 40
Materials, same everywhere, 68
Matter, perhaps eternal, 6
---- certainly a mystery, 34
---- indestructible, 83
---- not solid, 245
Matthew, St., wrote Gospel, 275
Mediator, Christ the, 454
Medical language in Acts, 296
Memory, and materialism, 41
---- in heaven, 470
Menephthah, 143
Mercy, God's, 468
Mesmerism, 351
Messiah, Jewish, 374
Meteorite, 100, 292
Micah, prophecy of, 391
Michael, 203
Microscope, 64
Mill, on Christ's teaching, 397
Mind of man, 39
---- shows his importance, 66
Miracles, 101
---- as marvels, 103
---- and experience, 103
---- as special works, 106
---- as signs, 110
---- not mere wonders, 101, 103
---- natural means supernaturally applied, 107
---- in Jewish religion, 177
---- to benefit mankind, 200
---- their publicity, 185
---- some seem trivial, 181
---- in Christian religion, 349
---- their credibility, 349
---- not worked to order, 350
---- their truthfulness, 353
---- their naturalness, 355
---- their number, 355
---- their variety, 355
---- their suddenness, 356
---- their permanence, 356
---- order to keep secret, 358
---- on the Sabbath, 359
---- their publicity, 360
---- names often given, 360
---- caused astonishment, 361
---- peculiarity of Christ's, 357
---- conditional on faith, 358
---- publicly admitted, 362
---- St. Peter's appeal to, 362
---- and Acts of Pilate, 365
---- how explained away, 369
---- Apostolic, St. Paul's, 363
---- witnessed by St. Luke, 362
---- in Christ's name, 408
---- helped Christianity, 421
---- Mohammed did none, 424
Miracles, not to be prayed for, 443
---- later Christian, 371
Missionaries and prayer, 438
---- of the Resurrection, 347
Missions, 430
Mistakes in O. Test., 170
---- in N. Test., 268
Monkey and evolution, 23
Monotheism, of Jews, 212
---- in account of creation, 118
Moral sense, 48
---- perfection, 67
---- difficulties in O. Test., 208
---- in N. Testament, 399
Morality, Christian, 422
Moses wrote Pentateuch, 164
---- an Egyptian name, 143
Mugheir, inscription at, 174
Mutiny, Indian, 299
Mutual explanations, 317
Myrrh, 345

Nabonidus, 174
Name of Christ persecuted, 434
Names, Egyptian, 142
---- of God in O. Test., 158
---- in N. Test. miracles, 360
---- of eminent converts, 418
---- and titles in Acts, 288
Napoleon, on Christianity, 251
Nathaniel, 279
Natural means, supernaturally applied, 107
Natural forces, 20
---- Selection, 20
---- Rejection, 21
---- Religion, depends on, probability, 36, 96, 487
---- only partly known, 35
---- in Jewish religion, 216
---- in Egyptian religion, 455
---- in other religions, 457
---- in prehistoric times, 238
---- moral difficulties, 69
---- and the Bible, 200
---- and unity of God, 227
---- leads to Revelation, 39
Nature, its unity, 8, 18
---- its laws, 19
---- its forces, 20
---- acting rationally, 100
---- its uniformity, 106
Nature, its mysteries, 250
---- its perfection, 61
---- care of individuals, 62
---- a means to an end, 85
---- bearing on miracles, 112
---- immanence in God, 109
---- forgets nothing, 466
---- analogy, as to angels, 202
---- man's future life, 89
---- man's resurrection, 247
---- short probation, 468
---- his destruction, 472
Naville, 164
---- unity of Genesis, 142
Nazareth, dry ground, 377
Nebuchadnezzar, 174, 184
Nebula theory, 124
Necessity, doctrine of, 43
---- and certainty, 27
Nero addressed as Lord, 289
---- his persecution, 298
Nineveh, men of, 269
Numbers in O. Test., 171

Obedience and sacrifice, 161
Old Testament, genuine, 167
---- alleged mistakes, 170
---- miracles, 177
---- prophecies, 186
---- moral defects, 208
Omnipotence, 32, 213
Omnipresence, 33, 213
Omniscience, 32, 213
Origen and Celsus, 367
Origin of universe, 4
---- in Genesis, 118
---- of life, 123
---- of Jewish religion, 137
---- of Christian religion, 301
Osiris, 454

Pain, 69, 71
---- not always an evil, 72
Paley, watch argument, 11
Pantheism, 119
Papias as to Gospels, 258
Papyri, Egyptian, 271, 289
Papyrus used for writing, 253
Parables, teaching by, 273
---- some objected to, 399
---- Unrighteous Steward, 399
---- Wedding Garment, 400
Partiality in revelation, 95
Partiality to Jews, 204
Paul, St., conversion, 305, 339
---- teaching not new, 409
---- the two essentials, 476
---- (_see_ Epistles)
Peace be unto you, twice, 320
Peculiar people, Jews a, 217
Pella, Christians go to, 275
Pentateuch, importance, 138
---- claims to be Mosaic, 164
---- language, 155
---- Egyptian references, 138
---- laws, 149
---- date and author, 164
---- excellent morality, 211
---- theory of late date, 155
Perish, its meaning, 475
Persecution for Name, 434
Persecutions, religious, 427
---- of Jews, 190
---- of Christians, 328
---- implied in Creed, 475
Person, not in N. Test, 460
Personal Being, meaning, 30
---- God is a, 30
---- man is a, 47
---- animals are not, 54
---- implies fellowship, 229
Persons and things, 67
Peter, St., called Simon, 321
---- connection with Mark, 259
---- appeal to miracles, 362, 408
Petrie, as to Exodus, 171
Peyreyrius, 132
Pharaoh's dreams, 140
---- heart hardened, 209
Philip, one of the Seven, 295
Philippi, gaoler at, 477
Philo, days of Genesis, 121
Pilate, Acts of, 365
Pinches, Book of Daniel, 175
Pithom, discoveries at, 144
Plagues, the ten, 144
---- superhuman coincidences, 178
---- and magicians, 182
Planets, inhabited (?), 67
---- not by sinners (?), 232
Pliny, numerous letters, 369
---- spread of Christianity, 418
---- Christ's Divinity, 418
Plural of majesty, 393
---- in P and J, 159
Politarchs, 290
Polycarp of Smyrna, 254
---- witness to Gospels, 261
Polytheism, 119, 212
Pomponia Græcina, 419
Prayer, subject of, 437
---- and experiment, 444
---- and observation, 444
---- a simple, 480
---- after the event, 439
---- for others, 442
Pre-existence of Christ, 404
---- in O. Test., 391
Prehistoric men, future life, 90, 238
Priests and Levites, 162
Probability, guide of life, 487
Proconsul and other terms, 288
Prophecy, credible, 99
---- in Old Testament, 186
---- word of Jehovah, 389
---- as to Christ, 374
---- His Resurrection, 317
---- why not plainer, 394
---- His own influence, 434
Prospective organs, 16
Psalm of the Crucifixion, 384
Publius, chief man, 290, 361
Pul of Assyria, 176

'Q' (Quelle) and Gospels, 270, 350, 361
Quadratus, as to miracles, 364
Quirinius, his census, 266
Quotations, Barnabas, 261
---- Butler, 431
---- Clement, 261
---- Dana, 136
---- Darwin, 71
---- Eusebius, 259, 364
---- Huxley, 249
---- Ignatius, 261
---- Irenæus, 254
---- Justin, 365
---- Lecky, 398
---- Mill, 397
---- Napoleon, 250
---- Naville, 142
---- Papias, 258
---- Pinches, 175
---- Polycarp, 261
---- Quadratus, 364
---- Ramsay, 272
---- Renan, 397
---- Romanes, 87, 135
---- Teaching of Twelve, 261
---- Wallace, 71

Radium, 7
Ramsey, as to the census, 267
---- Lysanias, 268
---- early Gospels, 272
---- Lycaonia, 291
Rationalism, spread of, 430
---- and miracles, 369
Rawlinson, 176
Reason cannot judge of Christian doctrines, 249
Recognition, hereafter, 448
Recorders in O. Test., 173
Recurring series of events, 5
Red Sea, passage of, 178
Relics, resurrection of, 248
Remorse, 51
Renan, raising of Lazarus, 370
---- Christ's character, 397
Repentance, 243
Responsibility of man, 47
Resurrection, doctrine of, 244
---- applies to a body, 303
---- not resuscitation, 245, 323
---- Christ's, 301
---- falsehood theory, 326
---- legend theory, 329
---- vision theory, 331
---- swoon theory, 341
---- wanted missionaries, 347
---- a physical fact, 304
---- not really unique, 245
---- table of appearances, 308
---- three groups, 307
---- the narratives, 305
---- their discrepancies, 309
---- their agreements, 315
---- omissions, 312
---- signs of early date, 321
---- the real difficulty, 346
---- in other religions, 455
---- man's, 247
---- need not be of relics, 248
---- the period of life, 449
---- the great surprise, 449
---- and human nature, 448
---- terms not literal, 464
Resuscitation, 245, 323
Revelation, meaning of, 82
---- possible, 83
---- probable, 92
---- progressive, 93
---- after writing, 93
---- must be partial, 95, 204
---- evidence inconclusive, 95
---- miraculous, 98
---- Book of, and Gospel, 285
---- Divinity of Christ, 408
Risen Body difficulties, 245
---- record of eyewitnesses, 323
Roman provinces, 288
---- siege of Jerusalem, 191
---- State and Christians, 298
Romanes, man's probation, 87
---- accuracy of Genesis, 135

Sabbath, miracles on, 359
Sacrifices, heathen, 447
---- human, in O. Test., 210
Salvation, not selfishness, 451
Samaria, date of fall, 177
Samuel and Pentateuch, 160
Sanctuary, the one, 161
Sand-storms and darkness, 146
Sargon, named in Isaiah, 176
Satan, 203
Saurians, 131
Secondary forces, 33
Secrecy in Christ's miracles, 358
Seed, may be disciples, 378, 387
Selfishness, objection as to, 451
Sennacherib, 184
Sentry, pain a kind of, 72
Sergius Paulus, 289, 361
Servant, the Lord's, 376
Seventh day, the, 119
Shadow on dial, 196
Shaving in Egypt, 141
Shepherd, the Lord's, 391
---- kings, foreign, 139
Shur, desert of, 143
Siege of Jerusalem foretold by Moses, 191
---- and by Christ, 274
Signet ring, in Egypt, 141
Signs, superhuman, 99
---- supernatural, 101
Silence, argument from, 368
---- of sun and moon, 179
Simon, shows early date, 321
Simultaneous visions, 335
Sin, its meaning, 48
---- reason for it, 76
---- necessary for some virtues, 78
---- its universality, 447
---- its remedy, 244
---- eternal, 467
Sinai, 147
Sinlessness of Christ, 400
---- foretold by Isaiah, 380
---- implied in Ps. 22, 388
Slaughter of animals, 150
Slavery in early times, 211
Soli, inscription at, 289
Son of God, means God the Son, 407
---- of Man in Gospels, 281
Sorrow, human, 446
Sources of Gospels, 269, 413
South, Queen of the, 269
Spectroscopes, 64
Spirit, man's, 55, 66
---- master of body, 91
Spiritual beings, 202, 351
Standing still of sun, 179
Steward, the Unrighteous, 399
Stone at Tomb, 336
Straw in brick making, 144
Struggle for life, 71
Substance, meaning of, 222
Suetonius, 417
Sufferings of animals, 69
---- of men, 72
---- and future happiness, 88
---- of Jews, 190
---- of Christians, 328
Sun and moon formation, 129
---- silence of, 179
Sunday, 303
Superhuman signs, 99
---- coincidences, 100
---- passage of Red Sea, 178
---- destruction of Korah, 169
---- of Assyrian army, 184
---- silence of sun, 179
---- Elijah's sacrifice, 183
---- shadow on dial, 196
---- and prayer, 439
Supernatural, force, 9
---- man partly, 45
---- signs, 101
Surprise, the great, 449
Survival of fittest, 20
Swine at Gadara, 269, 352
Swoon Theory, the, 341
Sword, any violent death, 386
Synoptic Gospels, accuracy, 266
---- discrepancies, 266
---- sources, 269
---- ministry in Judæa, 282
---- probable date, 272, 300
---- authors, 275
---- and Fourth, 280

Table of Appearances, 308
Tacitus, and Christianity, 417
---- his contempt for it, 368
Tatian, the Diatessaron, 257
Teaching of Twelve, 261
---- and the Trinity, 461
Tel-el-Muskhuta, ruins, 144
Telepathy, 40
Telephone, 105
Telescope and eye, 14
---- discoveries of, 64
Ten, Commandments, 211
---- Plagues, 144
---- superhuman coincidences, 178
---- and the magicians, 182
Tertullian, 257
Testimony and experience, 104
---- its value, 325
Theophilus and Gospel, 275
---- and Acts, 297
---- things taught to, 271
---- prominent convert, 418
Thessalonica, politarchs, 290
Theudas, date of, 288
Third Day, importance, 303
Thomas, St., Resurrection, 336
---- Christ's Divinity, 407
Thousands or families, 171
Three, Creeds, 458
---- men in furnace, 103
Tisdall, 453, 456
Titles of various rulers, 288
Tomb, the empty, 338
---- visit of disciples, 318
---- guard at, 337
---- angels at, 310, 345
Town Clerk of Ephesus, 292
Trajan, decree of, 267
Transfiguration, 270
Trials here, future reward, 88
Trinity, doctrine of the, 222
---- its probability, 228
---- peculiarly Christian, 452
---- hinted at in Old Test., 393
---- contained in N. Test., 459
---- implied by Teaching, 461
Triple tradition in Gospels, 269
Troelstra, 158
True belief, importance, 473
---- a virtue, 487

Undesigned agreements, 168
---- examples, Korah, 169
---- call of St. John, 278
---- destroying temple, 283
---- feeding the 5,000, 284
---- Acts and Epistles, 293
---- mocking the Crucified, 390
---- baptismal formula, 461
Uniformity of nature, 106
---- and prayer, 438
Uniqueness of man, 65
---- of each man, 62
---- of the Incarnation, 233
Unitarianism, 228
Unity of nature, 8
Universalism, 470
Universe, its origin, 4, 118
---- its magnitude, 64
---- bearing on man, 60
---- an effect, 37
Unknowable, everything is, 34
Unrighteous Steward, 399

Vellum used for writing, 253
Veracity of the witnesses, 326
Verbal inspiration, 437
Vessels of wood, 145
Vesuvius, eruption of, 74
'Victoria Institute,' pain, 70
---- Pithom, 144
---- Belshazzar, 175
---- Red Sea, 179
---- earliest Gospel, 272
---- Horus myth, 455
---- Krishna myth, 453
Virgin Birth, unique, 233
---- and Aristides, 365
---- not said of Krishna, 452
Virtue, the highest, 78, 211
Vision Theory, the, 331
---- arguments in favour, 332
---- arguments against, 332
---- does not explain facts, 336
---- real visions, 340
Voice from heaven, 268
Voyage, St. Paul's, 294

Walking on sea, Christ's, 370
Wallace, 71
Warnings of the Creed, 473
Wars of the Lord, quoted, 159
Waste and void, in Gen., 124
Waste in nature, 68
Watch showing design, 12
Water-wheels, Egyptian, 149
'We' sections of Acts, 294
Wedding Garment, the, 400
West, use of term, 156
Wheat, several ears, 140
Whirlpool, 248
Wicked men, their use, 77
---- not machines, 48
---- final state, 463
Will, man's, its action, 42, 45
---- its freedom, 43
Windows of heaven, 126
Wisdom, God's, 32, 213, 441
Word or Logos in Revelation, 286
---- among Greeks, 423
World, creation of the, 4, 117
---- end of the, 437
Wounded means pierced, 377
Writing, early use of, 138, 172
---- wanted for revelation, 93

X-rays, 246

Zeal of early Christians, 420
Zebulon, prophecy as to, 391
Zechariah, prophecies of, 392
Zeus and Hermes, 291

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN. WELLS GARDNER, DARTON AND CO., LTD., LONDON.

Transcriber's Notes

Some punctuation has been inserted to maintain consistency.

The reference in the index to page 541 was corrected to 441.

Spelling and hyphenation match the original text and may vary within the book.

The caret symbol (^) has been used to represent superscripts.

OE ligatures have been changed to simple OE in this text version.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Truth of Christianity, by William Harry Turton