Chapter XXVIII: Concluding Remarks (3)

—the odour of the jackal, an obstacle to domestication, 1;

—differences of the skull in dogs, 1;

—external characters of dogs, 1;

—elongation of the intestines in domestic pigs, 3, 24;

—fertility of the hook-billed duck, 8;

—hybrid of ass and zebra, 13;

—breeding of animals in the Jardin des Plantes, 18;

—sterility of predaceous birds in captivity, 18;

—facility of hybridisation in confinement, 18.

CYANOSIS, affection of fingers in, 25.

CYCLAMEN, bud-variation in, 11.

_Cynara cardunculus,_ 13.

_Cynips fecundatrix,_ 23.

_Cynocephalus hamadryas,_ 18.

_Cyprinus auratus,_ 8.

_Cyrtanthus,_ 17.

_Cyrtopodium,_ 17.

_Cytisus adami,_ its bud-variation, 11;

—seedlings from, 11;

—different views of its origin, 11;

—experiments in crossing _C. purpureus_ and _laburnum_ to produce,
11;

—its production by M. Adam, 11;

—discussion of origin of, 11.

_Cytisus alpino-laburnum,_ ovules and pollen of, 11;

—origin of, 11.

_Cytisus alpinus,_ 11.

_Cytisus laburnum,_ 11 (3).

_Cytisus purpureo-elongatus,_ ovules and pollen of, 11;

—production of, 11.

_Cytisus purpureus,_ 11.

DAHLBOHM, effects of food on hymenoptera, 23.

DAHLIA, 10;

—bud-variation by tubers in the, 11;

—improvement of, by selection, 20;

—steps in cultivation of, 22;

—effect of conditions of life on, 23;

—correlation of form and colour in, 25.

DAISY, hen-and-chicken, 10;

—Swan River, 22.

DALBRET, varieties of wheat, 9.

DALIBERT, changes in the odours of plants, 23.

DALLY, Dr., on consanguineous marriages, 17.

DALTONISM, hereditary, 12.

DAMARAS, cattle of, 3, 20 (2).

DAMSON, 10.

DANDOLO, Count, on silkworms, 8.

DANIELL, fertility of English dogs in Sierra Leone, 18.

DANISH Middens, remains of dogs in, 1.

DAPPLING in horses, asses, and hybrids, 2.

DARESTE, C., on the skull of the Polish fowl, 7;

—causes of variability, 22;

—on the production of monstrous chickens, 23;

—co-existence of anomalies, 25;

—production of double monsters, 26.

DARVILL, Mr., heredity of good qualities in horses, 12.

DARWIN, C., on _Lepus magellanicus,_ 4;

—on the wild potato, 9;

—dimorphism in the polyanthus and primrose, 12.

DARWIN, Dr., improvement of vegetables by selection, 20.

DARWIN, Sir F., wildness of crossed pigs, 13.

DARWIN, G., consanguineous marriages, 17.

D’ASSO, monogynous condition of the hawthorn in Spain, 10.

_Dasyprocta aguti,_ 18.

DATE-PALM, varieties of the, 22.

_Datura,_ 13;

—variability in, 22.

_Datura lævis_ and _stramonium,_ reversion in hybrids of, 11.

_Datura stramonium,_ 14.

DAUBENTON, variations in the number of mammæ in dogs, 1;

—proportions of intestines in wild and domestic cats, 1, 24.

DAUDIN, on white rabbits, 21.

DAVY, Dr., on sheep in the West Indies, 3.

DAWKINS, W. BOYD, history of the dog, 1;

—origin of cattle, 3;

—early domestication of _Bos longifrons_ in Britain, 3.

DEAF-MUTES, non-heredity in, 12.

DEAFNESS, inheritance of, 14.

DEAN, potato-grafting, 11.

DEBY, wild hybrids of common and musk ducks, 13.

DE CANDOLLE, ALPH., number and origin of cultivated plants, 9 (2), 10;

—regions which have furnished no useful plants, 9;

—wild wheat, 9 (2);

—wild rye and oats, 9;

—antiquity of varieties of wheat, 9;

—apparent inefficacy of selection in wheat, 9;

—origin and cultivation of maize, 9, 25;

—colours of seeds of maize, 9;

—varieties and origin of the cabbage, 9 (2);

—origin of the garden-pea, 9;

—on the vine, 10, 24;

—cultivated species of the orange group, 10;

—Chinese origin of the peach, 10;

—on the peach and nectarine, 10 (2);

—varieties of the peach, 10;

—origin of the apricot, 10;

—origin and varieties of the plum, 10;

—origin of the cherry, 10;

—varieties of the gooseberry, 10;

—selection practised with forest-trees, 10;

—wild fastigiate oak, 10;

—dark-leaved varieties of trees, 10;

—conversion of stamens into pistils in the poppy, 10;

—variegated foliage, 10;

—heredity of white hyacinths, 10, 12;

—changes in oaks dependent on age, 11;

—inheritance of anomalous characters, 12;

—variation of plants in their native countries, 22;

—deciduous bushes becoming evergreen in hot climates, 24;

—antiquity of races of plants, 28.

DE CANDOLLE, P., non-variability of monotypic genera, 22;

—relative development of root and seed in _Raphanus sativus,_ 26.

DECAISNE, on the cultivation of the wild carrot, 9;

—varieties of the pear, 10;

—intercrossing of strawberries, 10;

—fruit of the apple, 11;

—sterility of _Lysimachia nummularia,_ 18;

—tender variety of the peach, 24.

DEER, assumption of horns by female, 13;

—imperfect development of horns in a, on a voyage, 18.

DEER, fallow, 16.

DEERHOUND, Scotch, difference in size of the sexes of, 14;

—deterioration of, 17.

DEGENERATION of high-bred races, under neglect, 21.

DE JONGHE, J., on strawberries, 10;

—soft-barked pears, 21;

—on accumulative variation, 22;

—resistance of blossoms to frost, 24.

DELAMER, E. S., on rabbits, 4 (2).

_Delphinium ajacis,_ 12.

_Delphinium consolida,_ 12 (2).

DELPINO on Pangenesis, 27 (2).

_Dendrocygna viduata,_ 18.

DENNY, H., lice of Aperea, 18.

DENTITION, variations of, in the horse, 2.

DEODAR, 10.

DESMAREST, distribution of white on dogs, 1;

—cat from the Cape of Good Hope, 1;

—cats of Madagascar, 1;

—occurrence of striped young in Turkish pigs, 3;

—French breeds of cattle, 3;

—horns of goats, 3;

—on hornless goats, 24.

DESPORTES, number of varieties of roses, 10.

DEVAY, Dr., singular case of albinism, 12;

—on the marriage of cousins, 17;

—on the effects of close interbreeding, 22.

DEVELOPMENT and metamorphosis, 27 (2).

DEVELOPMENT, arrests of, 24.

DEVELOPMENT, embryonic, 27.

D’HERVEY-SAINT-DENYS, L., on the Yami, or imperial race of the Chinese, 20.

DHOLE, fertility of the, in captivity, 18.

DIABETES, occurrence of, in three brothers, 12.

_Dianthus,_ contabescent plants of, 18 (2);

—hybrid varieties of, 22.

_Dianthus armeria_ and _deltoides,_ hybrids of, 15.

_Dianthus barbatus,_ 11.

_Dianthus caryophyllus,_ 11.

_Dianthus japonicus,_ contabescence of female organs in, 18.

_Diapheromera femorata,_ 27.

DICHOGAMOUS plants, 15.

DICKSON, Mr., on “running” in carnations, 11;

—on the colours of tulips, 11.

_Dicotyles torquatus_ and _labiatus,_ 18.

DIEFFENBACH, dog of New Zealand, 1;

—feral cats in New Zealand, 1;

—polydactylism in Polynesia, 12.

_Dielytra,_ 13.

DIET, change of, 24 (2).

_Digitalis,_ properties of, affected by culture, 23.

DIGITS, supernumerary, 12;

—analogy of, with embryonic conditions, 13;

—fusion of, 26.

DIMORPHIC plants, 17;

—conditions of reproduction in, 19.

DIMORPHISM, reciprocal, 15.

DINGO, 1;

—variation of, in colour 1;

—half-bred, attempting to burrow 1;

—attraction of foxes by a female, 1;

—variations of, in confinement, 22.

DIOECIOUSNESS of strawberries, 10.

DISEASES, inheritance of, 12 (2);

—inherited at corresponding periods of life, 14;

—peculiar to localities and climates, 23;

—obscure correlations in, 25 (2);

—affecting certain parts of the body, 27;

—occurring in alternate generations, 27.

DISTEMPER, fatal to white terriers, 21.

DISUSE and use of parts, effects of, 24, 26 (2), 28 (2);

—in the skeleton of rabbits, 4;

—in pigeons, 5;

—in fowls, 7;

—in ducks, 8;

—in the silk-moth, 8.

DIVERGENCE, influence of, in producing breeds of pigeons, 6.

DIXON, E. S., on the musk duck, 6;

—on feral ducks, 6;

—on feral pigeons in Norfolk Island, 6;

—crossing of pigeons, 6;

—origin of domestic fowls, 7;

—crossing of _Gallus sonneratii_ and common fowl, 7;

—occurrence of white in the young chicks of black fowls, 7;

—Paduan fowl of Aldrovandi, 7;

—peculiarities of the eggs of fowls, 7;

—chickens, 7 (2);

—late development of the tail in Cochin cocks, 7;

—comb of lark-crested fowls, 7;

—development of webs in Polish fowls, 7;

—on the voice of fowls, 7;

—origin of the duck, 8;

—ducks kept by the Romans, 8;

—domestication of the goose, 8;

—gander frequently white, 8;

—breeds of turkeys, 8;

—incubatory instinct of mongrels of non-sitting races of fowls, 13;

—aversion of the dove-cot pigeon to pair with fancy birds, 16;

—fertility of the goose, 16;

—general sterility of the guans in captivity, 18;

—fertility of geese in captivity, 18;

—white pea-fowl, 25.

DOBELL, H., inheritance of anomalies of the extremities, 12;

—non-reversion to a malformation, 13.

DOBRIZHOFFER, abhorrence of incest by the Abipones, 17.

DOGS, origin of, 1;

—ancient breeds of, 1, 28;

—of Neolithic, Bronze and Iron periods in Europe, 1 (2), 28;

—resemblance of, to various species of Canidæ, 1;

—of North America compared with wolves, 1 (2);

—of the West Indies, South America, and Mexico, 1 (2);

—of Guiana, 1 (2);

—naked dogs of Paraguay and Peru, 1 (2);

—dumb, on Juan Fernandez, 1;

—of Juan de Nova, 1;

—of La Plata, 1;

—of Cuba, 1;

—of St. Domingo, 1;

—correlation of colour in, 1 (2);

—gestation of, 1 (2);

—hairless Turkish, 1, 21;

—inter-crossing of different breeds of, 1;

—characters of different breeds of, discussed, 1;

—degeneration of European, in warm climates, 1 (2), 23;

—liability to certain diseases in different breeds of, 1 (2);

—causes of differences of breeds discussed, 1;

—catching fish and crabs in New Guinea and Tierra del Fuego, 1;

—webbing of the feet in, 1;

—influence of selection in producing different breeds of, 1 (2);

—retention of original habits by, 6;

—inheritance of polydactylism in, 12;

—feral, 13;

—reversion in fourth generation of, 13;

—of the Pacific Islands, 15, 20, 27;

—mongrel, 15;

—comparative facility of crossing different breeds of, 16;

—fertility of, 16, 18;

—interbreeding of, 17;

—selection of, among the Greeks, 20 (2);

—among savages, 17 (2);

—unconscious selection of, 20 (2);

—valued by the Fuegians, 20 (2);

—climatal changes in hair of, 23;

—production of drooping ears in, 24;

—rejection of bones of game by, 24;

—inheritance of rudiments of limbs in, 24;

—development of fifth toe in, 24;

—hairless, deficiency of teeth in, 25;

—short-faced, teeth of, 26;

—probable analogous variation in, 26;

—extinction of breeds of, 28.

DOMBRAIN, H. H., on the auricula, 26.

DOMESTICATION, essential points in, 28 (2);

—favourable to crossing, 16, (2);

—fertility increased by, 16, 19.

DOMESTICATED animals, origin of, 18 (2);

—occasional sterility of, under changed conditions, 18 (2).

DONDERS, Dr., hereditary hypermetropia, 12.

DORKING fowl, 7 (2);

—furculum of, figured, 7.

DORMOUSE, 18.

DOUBLE flowers, 18 (4);

—produced by selection, 20.

DOUBLEDAY, H., cultivation of the filbert pine strawberry, 10.

DOUGLAS, J., crossing of white and black game-fowls, 15.

DOWNING, Mr., wild varieties of the hickory, 9;

—peaches and nectarines from seed, 10 (2);

—origin of the Boston nectarine, 10;

—American varieties of the peach, 10;

—North American apricot, 10;

—varieties of the plum, 10;

—origin and varieties of the cherry, 10 (2);

—“twin-cluster pippins,” 10;

—varieties of the apple, 10;

—on strawberries, 10 (2);

—fruit of the wild gooseberry, 10;

—effects of grafting upon the seed, 12;

—diseases of plum and peach tree, 21;

—injury done to stone fruit in America by the “weevil,” 21;

—grafts of the plum and peach, 22;

—wild varieties of pears, 22;

—varieties of fruit-trees suitable to different climates, 24.

DOWNING, Mr. J., sterility of shorthorns, 17.

_Draba sylvestris_ 18.

DRAGON (pigeon), 5 (2).

“DRAIJER” (pigeon), 5.

DRINKING, effects of, in different climates, 23.

DROMEDARY, selection of, 20.

DRUCE, Mr., interbreeding, 17;

—value of cross breed of pigs, 17.

DU CHAILLU, fruit-trees in West Africa, 9.

DUCHESNE, on _Fragaria vesca,_ 10 (2).

DUFOUR, LEON, on _Cecidomyia_ and _Misocampus,_ Introduction.

DUCK, musk, retention of perching habit by the, 6;

—feral hybrid of, 6.

DUCK, penguin, hybrid of, with Egyptian goose, 14.

Duck, wild, difficulty of rearing, 21;

—effects of domestication on, 23.

DUCKS, breeds of, 8 (2);

—origin of, 8;

—history of, 8;

—wild, easily tamed, 8 (2);

—fertility of breeds of, when crossed, 8;

—with the plumage of _Anas boschas,_ 8;

—Malayan penguin, identical in plumage with English, 8;

—characters of the breeds of, 8;

—eggs of, 8;

—effects of use and disuse in, 8, 24;

—feral, in Norfolk, 6;

—Aylesbury, inheritance of early hatching by, 12;

—reversion in, produced by crossing, 13;

—wildness of half-bred wild, 13;

—hybrids of, with the musk duck, 13 (2);

—assumption of male plumage by, 13;

—crossing of Labrador and penguin, 15;

—increased fertility of, by domestication, 16;

—general fertility of, in confinement, 18;

—increase of size of, by care in breeding, 20;

—change produced by domestication in, 22.

DUMÉRIL, AUG., breeding of _Siredon_ in the branchiferous stage, 27.

DUN-COLOURED horses, origin of, 2.

DUREAU DE LA MALLE, feral pigs in Louisiana, 13;

—feral fowls in Africa, 13;

—bud-variation in the pear, 11;

—production of mules among the Romans, 16.

_Dusicyon silvestris,_ 1.

DUTCH rabbit, 4.

DUTCH roller pigeon, 5.

DUTROCHET, pelorism in the laburnum, 26.

DUVAL, growth of pears in woods in France, 22.

DUVAL-JOUVE, on _Leersia oryzoides,_ 15.

DUVERNOY, self-impotence in _Lilium candidum,_ 17.

DZIERZON, variability in the characters and habits of bees, 8.

EARLE, Dr., on colour-blindness, 14, 25.

EARS, of fancy rabbits, 4;

—deficiency of, in breeds of rabbits, 4;

—rudimentary, in Chinese sheep, 24;

—drooping, 24;

—fusion of, 26.

EATON, J. M., on fancy pigeons, 5, (2);

—variability of characters in breeds of pigeons, 5;

—reversion of crossed pigeons to coloration of _Columba livia,_ 6;

—on pigeon-fancying, 6 (3);

—on tumbler-pigeons, 6, 21;

—carrier-pigeon, 6;

—effects of interbreeding on pigeons, 17;

—properties of pigeons, 20;

—death of short-faced tumblers in the egg, 21;

—Archangel-pigeon, 21.

ECHINODERMATA, metagenesis in, 27.

_Ectopistes,_ specific difference in number of tail-feathers in, 5.

_Ectopistes migratorius,_ sterile hybrids of, with _Turtur vulgaris,_ 6.

EDENTATA, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, 25.

EDGEWORTH, Mr., use of grass-seeds as food in the Punjab, 9.

EDMONSTON, Dr., on the stomach in _Larus argentatus_ and the raven, 24.

EDWARDS and Colin, on English wheat in France, 24.

EDWARDS, W. F., absorption of the minority in crossed races, 15.

EDWARDS, W. W., occurrence of stripes in a nearly thoroughbred horse, 2;

—in foals of racehorses, 2.

EGGS, of fowls, characters of, 7;

—variations of, in ducks, 8;

—of the silk-moth, 8.

EGYPT, ancient dogs of, 1 (2);

—ancient domestication of the pigeon in, 6;

—absence of the fowl in ancient, 7.

EGYPTIAN goose, hybrids of, with penguin duck, 8.

EHRENBERG, Prof., multiple origin of the dog, 1;

—dogs of Lower Egypt, 1;

—mummies of _Felis maniculata,_ 1.

ELEMENTS of the body, functional independence of the, 27.

ELEPHANT, its sterility in captivity,18.

ELK, Irish, correlations in the, 25 (2).

ELLIOT, Sir WALTER, on cats in India, 1;

—on striped horses, 2;

—Indian domestic and wild swine, 3;

—pigeons from Cairo and Constantinople, 5;

—fantail pigeons, 5;

—Lotan tumbler pigeons, 5;

—a pigeon uttering the sound “Yahu,” 5;

—_Gallus bankiva_ in Pegu, 7.

ELLIS, Mr., varieties of cultivated plants in Tahiti, 22.

ELM, nearly evergreen Cornish variety of the, 10, 24;

—foliage-varieties of the, 10.

ELM, weeping, 10;

—not reproduced by seed, 12.

_Emberiza passerina,_ 18.

EMBRYOS, similarity of, 1;

—fusion of, 26.

ENGEL, on _Laurus sassafras,_ 23.

ENGLAND, domestication of _Bos longifrons_ in, 3;

—selection of horses in, in mediæval times, 20;

—laws against the early slaughter of rams in, 20.

EPHEMERIDÆ, development of the, 27.

_Epidendrum cinnabarinum,_ 11;

—and _E. zebra,_ 17.

EPILEPSY, hereditary, 12, 14.

_Equus burchellii,_ 2.

_Equus quagga,_ 2.

_Equus indicus,_ 1 (2).

_Equus tæniopus,_ 2 (2), 13.

ERDT, disease of the white parts of cattle, 25.

ERICACEÆ, frequency of contabescence in the, 18.

ERICHTHONIUS, an improver of horses by selection, 20.

ERMAN, on the fat-tailed Kirghisian sheep, 3, 23;

—on the dogs of the Ostyaks, 20.

_Erodium,_ 13.

_Erythrina crista-galli_ and _E. herbacea,_ hybrids of, 22.

_Eschscholtzia californica,_ self-sterile in England, 17.

ESQUILANT, Mr., on the naked young of dun-coloured pigeons, 5.

ESQUIMAUX dogs, their resemblance to wolves, 1;

—selection of, 20.

ESQUIROL, on hereditary insanity, 2.

EUDES-DESLONGCHAMPS, on appendages under the jaw of pigs, 3.

_Euonymus japonicus,_ 11.

_Euphorbia maculata,_ 23.

EUROPEAN cultivated plants, still wild in Europe, 9.

EVANS, Mr., on the Lotan tumbler pigeon, 5.

EVELYN, pansies grown in his garden, 10.

EVEREST, R., on the Newfoundland dog in India, 1, 24;

—degeneration of setters in India, 1;

—Indian wild boars, 3.

EWES, hornless, 26.

EXTINCTION of domestic races, 6.

EYES, hereditary peculiarities of the, 12;

—loss of, causing microphthalmia in children, 12;

—modification of the structure of, by natural selection, 20 (2).

EYEBROWS, hereditary elongation of hairs in, 12.

EYELIDS, inherited peculiarities of the, 12.

EYTON, Mr., on gestation in the dog, 1;

—variability in number of vertebræ in the pig, 3;

—individual sterility, 18.

_Faba vulgaris,_ 9.

FABRE, observations on _Ægilops triticoides,_ 9.

_Fagus sylvatica,_ 12.

FAIRWEATHER, Mr., production of double flowers from old seed, 18.

FAIVRE, on the _Primula sinensis,_ 10, 25.

_Falco albidus,_ resumption of young plumage by, in captivity, 18.

_Falco ossifragus,_ 21.

_Falco subbuteo,_ copulating in captivity, 18.

_Falco tinnunculus,_ breeding in captivity, 18.

FALCONER, Dr., sterility of English bulldogs in India, 1;

—resemblance between _ Sivatherium_ and Niata cattle, 3;

—selection of the silkworm in India, 8;

—fastigiate apple-trees in Calcutta, 10;

—reproduction of a supernumerary thumb after amputation, 12;

—fertility of the dhole in captivity, 18;

—fertility of English dogs in India, 18;

—sterility of the tiger in captivity, 18;

—turkeys at Delhi, 18;

—on Indian cultivated plants, 18;

—Thibet mastiff and goat, 23.

FALCONS, sterility of, in captivity, 18.

FALKLAND Islands, horses of the, 2 (2);

—feral pigs of the, 3;

—feral cattle of the, 3 (2);

—feral rabbits of the, 4.

FALLOW deer, 16, 17.

FANTAIL pigeons, 5, 21;

—figured, 5;

—furculum of, figured, 5;

—history of, 6;

—absence of oil-gland in, 26.

FAROE Islands, pigeons of the, 6.

FASHION, influence of, in breeding, 21.

FASTIGIATE trees, 23, 26.

FAUNAS, geographical differences of, 1.

“FAVOURITE” bull, 14, 17.

FEATHERS, homologous variation in, 25.

FEET, of pigeons, individual differences of, 5;

—correlations of external characters in, 5.

FEET and beak, correlation of, in pigeons, 5.

FELIDÆ, fertility of, in captivity, 18.

_Felis bubastes,_ 1.

_Felis caffra,_ 1.

_Felis caligulata,_ 1.

_Felis chaus,_ 1.

_Felis jubata,_ 18.

_Felis lybica,_ 1.

_Felis maniculata,_ 1.

_Felis manul,_ 1.

_Felis ornata,_ 1.

_Felis sylvestris,_ 1.

_Felis torquata,_ 1.

FEMALE, affected by male element, 27 (2).

FEMALE flowers, in male panicle of maize, 9.

FENN, Mr., grafting potatoes, 11.

FENNEL, Italian variety of, 9.

FERAL cats, 1;

—cattle, 3;

—rabbits, 4 (2);

—Guinea fowl, 8;

—animals and plants, reversion in, 13 (3).

FERGUSON, Mr., supposed plurality of origin of domestic fowls, 7;

—chickens of black game-fowls, 7;

—relative size of eggs of fowls, 7;

—yolk of eggs of game-fowls, 7;

—early pugnacity of game-cocks, 7;

—voice of the Malay fowl, 7;

—effects of interbreeding on fowls, 17;

—selection in Cochin-China fowls, 20;

—on fashion in poultry, 21.

FERNANDEZ, on Mexican dogs, 1.

FERNS, reproduction of abnormal forms of, by spores, 11;

—non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, 27.

FERRETS, 16, 18, 20.

FERTILISATION, artificial, of the St. Valéry apple, 10 (2).

FERTILITY, various degrees of, in sheep, 3;

—unlimited mutual, of breeds of pigeons, 6;

—comparative, of mongrels and hybrids, 16 (2), 19;

—influence of nourishment on, 16;

—diminished by close interbreeding, 17, 19;

—reduced, of Chillingham wild cattle, 17;

—of domesticated varieties when crossed, 19.

_Festuca,_ species of, propagated by bulblets, 18.

FILBERTS, spared by tomtits, 21.

FILIPPI, on the breeding of branchiferous tritons, 27.

FINCHES, general sterility of, in captivity, 18.

FINNIKIN (pigeon), 5.

FINNOCCHIO, 9.

FIR, Scotch, acclimatisation of, 24.

FISH, Mr., advantage of change of soil to plants, 18.

FISHES, regeneration of portions of fins of, 13;

—variability of, when kept in tanks, 22;

—marine, living in fresh water, 24;

—double monsters of, 26.

FISSION and gemmation, 27.

FITCH, Mr., persistency of a variety of the pea, 9.

FITTEST, survival of the, 1.

FITZINGER, origin of sheep, 3;

—African maned sheep, 3.

FITZPATRICK, Mr., potato-grafting, 11.

FIXEDNESS of character, conditions of, discussed, 14.

FLAX, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9;

—climatal difference in products of, 23.

FLEECE, fineness of, in Austrian merinos, 20.

FLEISCHMANN, on German sheep crossed with merinos, 15.

“FLORENTINER-TAUBE,” 5 (2).

FLOUNDER, 1.

FLOURENS, crossing of wolf and dog, 1;

—prepotency of the jackal over the dog, 14;

—hybrids of the horse and ass, 14;

—breeding of monkeys in Europe, 18.

FLOWER-GARDEN, earliest known, in Europe, 20.

FLOWERS, capricious transmission of colour-varieties in, 12 (2);

—tendency to uniformity in striped, 14;

—scorching of, dependent on colour, 21;

—change in, caused by conditions of life, 23;

—rudimentary, 24;

—relative position of, to the axis, 26.

FŒTATION, abdominal, 24.

FOLEY, Mr., wild varieties of pears, 22.

FOLIAGE, inherited peculiarities of, 10;

—variegation of, 10;

—bud-variation in, 11.

FOOD, influence of, on the pig, 3;

—on cattle, 3;

—excess of, a cause of variability, 22.

FORBES, D., on Chilian sheep, 3;

—on the horses of Spain, Chili, and the Pampas, 2.

_Formica rufa,_ 22.

FORTUNE, R., sterility of the sweet potato in China, 18;

—development of axillary bulbs in the yam, 18.

FOWL, common, breeds of, 7;

—supposed plurality of origin, 7;

—early history of, 7;

—causes of production of breeds of, 7;

—origin of, from _Gallus bankiva,_ 7 (2);

—feral, notices of, 7 (2);

—reversion and analogous variation in, 7, 13 (2), 26 (2);

—“cuckoo” sub-breeds of, 7;

—history of, 7;

—structural characters of, 7;

—sexual peculiarities of, 7, 14;

—external differences of, 7;

—differences of breeds of, from _G. bankiva,_ 7;

—osteological characters of, 7;

—effects of disuse of parts in, 7, 24;

—feral, 6, 13;

—polydactylism in, 12;

—fertility of, increased by domestication, 16, 18;

—sterility of, under certain conditions, 18;

—influence of selection on, 20 (3);

—evils of close interbreeding of, 17 (2);

—crossing of, 15;

—prepotency of transmission in, 14;

—rudimentary organs in, 24;

—crossing of non-sitting varieties of, 13 (2);

—homology of wing and leg feathers in, 25;

—hybrids of, with pheasants and _ Gallus sonneratii,_ 13;

—black-skinned, 20;

—black, preyed upon by the osprey in Ireland, 21;

—five-toed, mentioned by Columella, 28;

—rumpless, tailed chickens produced by, 13;

—Dorking, crosses of, 15;

—form of comb and colour of plumage in, 21;

—game, crossing of white and black, 15;

—five-spurred, 27;

—Spanish, liable to suffer from frost, 24;

—Polish, peculiarities of skull of, 25.

FOX, sterility of, in captivity, 18.

FOX, S. BEVAN, races of bees, 8.

FOX, W. DARWIN, gestation of the dog, 1;

—“Negro” cat, 1;

—reversion of sheep in colour, 13;

—period of gestation in the pig, 3;

—young of the Himalayan rabbit, 4;

—crossing of wild and domestic turkeys, 8;

—reversion in crossed musk ducks, 13;

—spontaneous segregation of varieties of geese, 16;

—effects of close interbreeding upon bloodhounds, 17;

—deafness of white cats with blue eyes, 25.

FOXHOUNDS, 1, 17.

_Fragaria chiloensis,_ 10.

_Fragaria collina,_ 10.

_Fragaria dioica_ of Duchesne, 10.

_Fragaria elatior,_ 10.

_Fragaria grandiflora,_ 10.

_Fragaria vesca,_ 10.

_Fragaria virginiana,_ 10.

_Fraxinus excelsior,_ 10, 11, 12.

_Fraxinus lentiscifolia,_ 12.

FRIESLAND cattle, probably descended from _Bos primigenius,_ 3.

FRILLBACK pigeon, 5;

—Indian, 5.

_Fringilla ciris,_ 18.

_Fringilla spinus,_ 18.

FRIZZLED fowls, 7;

—horses, 2.

FROG, polydactylism in the, 12.

FRUIT, seedless, 18.

FRUIT-TREES, varieties of, occurring wild, 9.

FRY, Mr., on fertile hybrid cats, 1;

—on feral fowls in Ascension, 7.

FUCHSIAS, origin of, 10;

—bud-variation in,11.

_Fuchsia coccinea_ and _fulgens,_ twin seed produced by crossing, 11.

FUEGIANS, their superstition about killing young water-fowl, 9;

—selection of dogs by the, 20;

—their comparative estimation of dogs and old women, 20;

—their power of distant vision, 20.

FUNGI, parasitic, 23 (2).

FÜRBRINGER, Dr., on nails of Saurians, 27.

FURCULUM, characters and variations of the, in pigeons, 5;

—alteration of, by disuse, in pigeons, 5;

—characters of, in fowls, 7.

FUSION of homologous parts, 27.

GAIT, inheritance of peculiarities of, 12.

GALAPAGOS Archipelago, its peculiar fauna and flora, Introduction

_Galeobdolon luteum,_ pelorism in, 13, 26.

GALLS, 13 (2).

GALL-GNATS, 23.

GALL-LIKE excrescences not inherited, 13.

GALLINACEOUS birds, restricted range of large, 7;

—general fertility of, in captivity, 18.

_Gallinula chloropus,_ 5.

_Gallinula nesiotis,_ 8.

GALLESIO, species of oranges, 10;

—hybridisation of oranges, 10;

—persistency of races in the peach, 10;

—supposed specific distinctions of peach and nectarine10;

—bizzarria orange, 11;

—crossing of red and white carnations, 11;

—crossing of the orange and lemon, 11, 27;

—effect of foreign pollen on maize, 4;

—spontaneous crossing of oranges, 15;

—monstrosities a cause of sterility in plants, 18;

—seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, 18;

—sterility of the sugar-cane, 18;

—tendency of male flowers to become double, 18;

—effects of selection in enlarging fruit, etc., 20;

—variation of the orange-tree in North Italy, 22;

—naturalisation of the orange in Italy, 24.

_Gallus æneus,_ a hybrid of _G. varius_ and the domestic fowl, 7.

_Gallus bankiva,_ probable original of domestic fowls, 7 (3);

—game-fowl, nearest to, 7;

—crossed with _G. sonneratii,_ 7;

—its character and habits, 7, 16;

—differences of various breeds of fowls from, 7;

—occipital foramen of, figured, 7;

—skull of, figured, 7;

—cervical vertebra of, figured, 7;

—furculum of, figured, 7;

—reversion to, in crossed fowls, 13 (2);

—hybrid of, with _G. varius,_ 7, 13;

—number of eggs of, 16.

_Gallus ferrugineus,_ 7.

_Gallus furcatus,_ 7.

_Gallus giganteus,_ 7.

_Gallus sonneratii,_ characters and habits of, 7;

—hybrids of, 7, 13

_Gallus stanleyi,_ hybrids of, 7.

_Gallus temminckii,_ probably a hybrid, 7.

_Gallus varius,_ characters and habits of, 7;

—hybrids and probable hybrids of, 7.

GALTON, Mr., fondness of savages for taming animals, 1;

—cattle of Benguela, 3;

—on hereditary talent, 12;

—on Pangenesis, 27.

GAMBIER, Lord, his early cultivation of the pansy, 10.

GAME-FOWL, 7 (2).

GAPES, 21.

GARCILAZO DE LA VEGA, annual hunts of the Peruvian Incas, 20.

GARNETT, Mr., migratory propensities of hybrid ducks, 13.

GARROD, Dr., on hereditary gout, 12.

GÄRTNER, on the sterility of hybrids, 6, 16, 19;

—acquired sterility of varieties of plants when crossed, 10;

—sterility in transplanted plants, and in the lilac in Germany, 18;

—mutual sterility of blue and red flowers of the pimpernel, 19;

—supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, 14;

—on crossing plants, 15, 17 (3);

—on repeated crossing, 22;

—absorption of one species by another, when crossed, 15;

—crossing of varieties of the pea, 11;

—crossing maize, 16;

—crossing of species of _ Verbascum,_ 15, 16;

—reversion in hybrids, 13 (3);

—of _Cereus,_ 11;

—of _Tropæolum majus_ and _minus,_ 11;

—variability of hybrids, 22;

—variable hybrids from one variable parent, 22;

—graft hybrid produced by inoculation in the vine, 11;

—effect produced by grafts on the stock, 11, 23;

—tendency of hybrid plants to produce double flowers, 18;

—production of perfect fruit by sterile hybrids, 18;

—sexual elective affinity, 19;

—self-impotence in _Lobelia, Verbascum, Lilium,_ and _Passiflora,_
17 (2);

—on the action of pollen, 16;

—fertilisation of _Malva,_ 11, 27;

—prepotency of pollen, 19;

—prepotency of transmission in species of _Nicotiana,_ 14;

—bud-variation in _Pelargonium zonale,_ 11;

—in _Œnothera biennis,_ 11;

—in _Achillæa millefolium,_ 11;

—effect of manure on the fertility of plants, 18;

—on contabescence, 18;

—inheritance of plasticity, 21;

—villosity of plants, 23.

GASPARINI, a genus of pumpkins, founded on stigmatic characters, 10.

GAUDICHAUD, bud-variation in the pear, 11;

—apple-tree with two kinds of fruit on branch, 11.

GAY, on _Fragaria grandiflora,_ 10;

—on _Viola lutea_ and _ tricolor,_ 10;

—on the nectary of _Viola grandiflora,_ 10.

GAYAL, domestication of the, 3.

GAYOT. _See_ Moll.

GEESE (_anseres_), general fertility of, in captivity, 18.

GEMMATION and fission, 27.

GEMMULES, or cell-gemmules, 27 (3).

GENERATION, alternate, 27 (3).

GENERATION, sexual, 27.

GENET, fertility of the, in captivity, 18. GENIUS, inheritance of, 12.

_Gentiana amarella,_ 18.

GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, production of monstrous chickens, 23;

—“_Loi de l’affinite de soi pour soi,_” 26;

—compensation of growth, 26.

GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, ISID., origin of the dog, 1;

—barking of a jackal, 1;

—period of gestation and odour of the jackal, 1;

—anomalies in the teeth of dogs, 1;

—variations in the proportions of dogs, 1;

—webbed feet of Newfoundland dogs, 1;

—crossing of domestic and wild cats, 1;

—domestication of the arni, 3;

—supposed introduction of cattle into Europe from the East, 3;

—absence of interdigital pits in sheep, 3;

—origin of the goat, 3;

—feral geese, 6;

—ancient history of the fowl, 7;

—skull of the Polish fowl, 7;

—preference of the Romans for the liver of white geese, 8;

—polydactylism, 12;

—assumption of male characters by female bird, 13;

—transmission and blending of characters in hybrids, 15;

—refusal of animals to breed in captivity, 18;

—on the Guinea-pig, 18;

—silkworms producing white cocoons, 20;

—on the carp, 21;

—on _Helix lactea,_ 23;

—on monstrosities, 22;

—injury to the embryo a cause of monstrosity, 22;

—alteration in the coat of horses in coal-mines, 23;

—length of the intestines in wild and tame animals, 24 (2);

—inheritance of rudimentary limbs in the dog, 24;

—correlation in monstrosities, 25;

—supernumerary digits in man, 25;

—co-existence of anomalies, 25;

—presence of hairs and teeth in ovarian tumours, 27;

—development of teeth on the palate in the horse, 27.

GEOGRAPHICAL differences of faunas, Introduction.

GEOLOGICAL succession of organisms, Introduction.

_Geranium,_ 13.

_Geranium phæum_ and _pyrenaicum,_ 22.

_Geranium pratense,_ 11.

GERARD, asserted climatal change in Burgundian bees, 8.

GERARDE, on varieties of the hyacinth, 10.

GERSTÄCKER, on hive-bees, 8.

GERVAIS, Prof., origin of the dog, 1;

—resemblance of dogs and jackals, 1;

—taming of the jackal, 1;

—number of teeth in dogs, 1;

—breeds of dogs, 1;

—on tertiary horses, 2;

—Biblical notices of horses, 2;

—species of _Ovis,_ 3;

—wild and domestic rabbits, 4;

—rabbits from Mount Sinai and Algeria, 4;

—earless rabbits, 4;

—batrachia with doubled limbs, 27.

GESTATION, period of, in the dog, wolf, etc., 1;

—in the pig, 3 (2);

—in cattle, 3, 25;

—in sheep, 3.

GESTURES, inheritance of peculiarities in, 12.

“GHOONDOOKS” a sub-breed of fowls, 7.

GHOR-KHUR, 13.

GILES, Mr., effect of cross-breeding in the pig, 11.

GIRAFFE, co-ordination of structure of, 20.

GIRARD, period of appearance of permanent teeth in dogs, 1.

GIRAUD-TEULON, cause of short sight, 12.

GIROU DE BUZAREINGUES, inheritance in the horse, 12;

—reversion by age in cattle, 13;

—prepotency of transmission of character in sheep and cattle, 14;

—on crossing gourds, 16.

GISBURNE, wild cattle at, 3.

_Gladiolus,_ 10;

—self-impotence of hybrids of, 17.

_Gladiolus colvillii,_ bud-variation in, 11.

GLANDS, compensatory development of, 24.

GLASTONBURY thorn, 10.

GLENNY, Mr., on the _Cineraria,_ 20.

GLOEDE, F., on strawberries, 10.

GLOGER, on the wings of ducks, 24.

“GLOUGLOU” (pigeon), 5.

_Gloxiniæ,_ peloric, 10, 18.

GMELIN, on red cats, at Tobolsk, 1.

GOAT, 3 (2);

—polydactylism in the, 12;

—sexual differences in horns of, 14;

—valued by South Africans, 20;

—Thibet, 23;

—amount of milk and development of udders in the, 24;

—hornless, rudimentary bony cores in, 24;

—Angora, 25.

GODINE, on prepotency of transmission., 14

GODRON, odour of the hairless Turkish dog, 1;

—differences in the skull of dogs, 1;

—increase of breeds of horses, 2;

—crossing of domestic and wild swine, 3;

—on goats, 3 (2);

—colour of the skin in fowls, 7;

—bees of north and south of France, 8;

—introduction of the silkworm into Europe, 8;

—variability in the silkworm, 8;

—supposed species of wheat, 9 (2);

—on _Ægilops triticoides,_, 9;

—variable presence of barbs in grasses, 9;

—colours of the seeds of maize, 9;

—unity of character in cabbages, 9;

—correlation of colour and odour, 9;

—effect of heat and moisture on the cabbage, 9;

—on the cultivated species of _ Brassica,_ 9;

—on the Rouncival and sugar peas, 9;

—variation in the numbers of peas in the same pod, 9;

—wild vines in Spain, 10;

—on raising peaches from seed, 10;

—supposed specific distinctness of peach and nectarine, 10;

—nectarine producing peaches, 10;

—on the flower of _Corydalis,_ 26;

—origin and variations of the plum, 10;

—origin of the cherry, 10;

—reversion of single-leaved strawberries, 10;

—five-leaved variety of _Fragaria collina,_ 10;

—supposed immutability of specific characters, 10 (2);

—varieties of _Robinia,_ 10;

—permanency of the simple-leaved ash, 10;

—non-inheritance of certain mutilations, 12;

—wild turnips, carrots, and celery, 13;

—peloria, 13;

—prepotency of a goat-like ram, 14;

—benefit of change of soil to plants, 18;

—fertility of peloric flowers of _ Corydalis solida,_ 18;

—seeding of ordinarily seedless fruit, 18;

—sexual sterility of plants propagated by buds, etc., 18;

—increase of sugar in beet-root, 20;

—effects of selection in enlarging particular parts of plants, 20;

—growth of the cabbage in the tropics, 23;

—rejection of bitter almonds by mice, 21;

—influence of marshy pasture on the fleece of sheep, 23;

—on the ears of ancient Egyptian pigs, 24;

—primitive distinctness of species, 28;

—solid-hoofed swine, 28.

GOETHE, on compensation of growth, 26.

GOLD-FISH, 8 (2), 21.

GOMARA, on South American cats, 1.

GONGORA, number of seeds in the, 27.

GOODMAN, three-toed cows, 12.

GOOSE, ancient domestication of, 8;

—sacred to Juno in Rome, 8;

—inflexibility of organisation of, 8;

—skull perforated in tufted, 8;

—characters of breeds and sub-breeds of, 8 (2);

—variety of, from Sebastopol, 8, 27;

—feral, in La Plata, 6;

—Egyptian, hybrid of, with penguin duck, 14;

—spontaneous segregation of varieties of, 16;

—fertility of, increased by domestication, 16;

—decreased fertility of, in Bogota, 18;

—sterility of, in the Philippine Islands, 18;

—selection of, 20;

—white, preference of the Romans for the liver of, 20;

—persistency of character in, 22;

—Egyptian, change in breeding season of, 24.

GOOSEBERRY, 10;

—bud-variation in the, 11;

—Whitesmith’s, 21.

GÖPPERT, on monstrous poppies, 18.

GOSSE, P. H., feral dogs in Jamaica, 1;

—feral pigs of Jamaica, 3;

—feral rabbits of Jamaica, 4;

—on _Columba leucocephala,_ 6;

—feral Guinea fowl in Jamaica, 6;

—reproduction of individual peculiarities by gemmation in a coral,
11;

—frequency of striped legs in mules, 13.

GOULD, Dr., on hereditary hæmorrhage, 12.

GOULD, JOHN, origin of the turkey, 8.

_Goura coronata_ and _Victoriæ,_ hybrids of, 6, 18.

GOURDS, 10;

—crossing of varieties of, 16;

—ancient Peruvian variety of, 28.

GOUT, inheritance of, 12;

—period of appearance of, 14.

GRABA, on the pigeon of the Faroe Islands, 6.

GRAFTING, 18;

—effects of, 22 (2);

—upon the stock, 11;

—upon the variability of trees, 22;

—changes analogous to bud-variation produced by, 11 (2).

GRAFT-HYBRIDS, 11 (2), 27.

GRAPES, bud-variation in, 11;

—cross of white and purple, 11;

—green, liable to disease, 25;

—effect of foreign pollen on, 11.

GRASSES, seeds of, used as food by savages, 9.

GRAY, ASA, superior wild varieties of fruit-trees, 9;

—cultivated native plants of North America, 9, 10;

—non-variation of weeds, 9;

—supposed spontaneous crossing of Cucurbitaceæ, 11;

—pre-ordination of variation, 11;

—progeny of husked form of maize, 9;

—wild intermediate forms of strawberries, 10.

GRAY, G. R., on _Columba gymnocyclus,_, 6.

GRAY, J. E., on _Sus pliciceps,_ 3;

—on a variety of the gold-fish, 8;

—hybrids of the ass and zebra, 13 (2);

—on the breeding of animals at Knowsley, 18;

—on the breeding of birds in captivity, 18.

GREENE, J. REAY, on the development of the echinodermata, 27.

GREENHOW, Mr., on a Canadian web-footed dog, 1.

GREENING, Mr., experiments on _Abraxas grossulariata,_ 23.

GREGSON, Mr., experiments on _Abraxas grossulariata,_ 23.

GREY, Sir GEORGE, preservation of seed-bearing plants by the Australian savages, 9;

—detestation of incest by Australian savages, 17.

GREYHOUNDS, sculptured on Egyptian monuments, and in the Villa of Antoninus, 1;

—modern breed of, 1;

—crossed with the bulldog, by Lord Orford, 3;

—close interbreeding of, 17;

—co-ordination of structure of, due to selection, 20 (2);

—Italian, 21.

GREYNESS, inherited at corresponding periods of life, 14.

GRIEVE, Mr., on early-flowering dahlias, 10.

GRIGOR, Mr., acclimatisation of the Scotch fir, 24.

GRÖNLAND, hybrids of _Ægilops_ and wheat, 16.

GROOM-NAPIER, C. O., on the webbed feet of the otter-hound, 1.

GROS, on Pangenesis, 27.

“GROSSES-GORGES” (pigeons), 5.

GROUND-TUMBLER, Indian, 5.

GROUSE, fertility of, in captivity, 18.

_Grus montigresia, cinerea,_ and _antigone,_ 18.

GUANACOS, selection of, 20.

GUANS, general fertility of, in captivity, 18.

GUELDER-ROSE, 19.

GUELDERLAND fowls, 6.

GUIANA, selection of dogs by the Indians of, 20.

GUINEA fowl, 8;

—feral, in Ascension and Jamaica, 6, 13;

—indifference of, to change of climate, 18.

GUINEA pig, 12, 18.

GÜLDENSTADT, on the jackal, 1.

GULL, herring, breeding in confinement, 18.

GULLS, general sterility of, in captivity, 18.

_Gulo,_ sterility of, in captivity, 18.

GÜNTHER, A., on tufted ducks and geese, 7;

—on the regeneration of lost parts in batrachia, 27.

GURNEY, Mr., owls breeding in captivity, 18;

—appearance of “black-shouldered” among ordinary peacocks, 8.

HABIT, influence of, in acclimatisation, 24.

HÄCKEL, on fissiparous reproduction, 27;

—on cells, 27;

—on the double reproduction of medusæ, 27;

—on inheritance, 27.

HACKLES, peculiarities of, in fowls, 7.

HAIR, on the face, inheritance of, in man, 12;

—peculiar lock of, inherited, 12;

—growth of, under stimulation of skin, 25;

—homologous variation of, 25;

—development of, in the brain, 27.

HAIR and teeth, correlation of, 25.

HAIRY family, corresponding period of inheritance in, 14.

HALF-CASTES, character of, 13.

HALF-LOP rabbits, figured and described, 4, (2);

—skull of, 4.

_Haliætus leucocephalus,_ copulating in captivity, 18.

HALLAM, Col., on a two-legged race of pigs, 12.

HALLET, Major, selection in cereals, 5;

—on pedigree wheat, 9.

HAMBURGH fowl, 7 (2);

—figured, 7.

HAMILTON, wild cattle of, 3.

HAMILTON, Dr., on the assumption of male plumage by the hen pheasant, 13.

HAMILTON, F. BUCHANAN, on the shaddock, 10;

—varieties of Indian cultivated plants, 22.

HANCOCK, Mr., sterility of tamed birds, 18 (2).

HANDWRITING, inheritance of peculiarities in, 12.

HANMER, Sir J., on selection of flower-seeds, 20.

HANSELL, Mr., inheritance of dark yolks in duck’s eggs, 8.

HARCOURT, E. V., on the Arab boar-hound, 1;

—aversion of the Arabs to dun-coloured horses, 2.

HARDY, Mr., effect of excess of nourishment on plants, 22.

HARE, hybrids of, with rabbit, 4;

—sterility of the, in confinement, 18;

—preference of, for particular plants, 21.

HARE-LIP, inheritance of, 12.

HARLAN, Dr., on hereditary diseases, 12.

HARTMAN, on the wild ass, 2.

HARVEY, Mr., monstrous red and white African bull, 3.

HARVEY, Prof., singular form of _Begonia frigida,_ 10;

—effects of cross-breeding on the female, 11;

—monstrous saxifrage, 18.

HASORA wheat, 9.

HAUTBOIS strawberry, 10.

HAWKER, Col., on call or decoy ducks, 8.

HAWTHORN, varieties of, 10 (2);

—pyramidal, 10;

—pendulous hybridised, 12;

—changes of, by age, 10, 11;

—bud-variation in the, 11;

—flower buds of, attacked by bullfinches, 21.

HAYES, Dr., character of Esquimaux dogs, 1.

HAYWOOD, W., on the feral rabbits of Porto Santo, 4.

HAZEL, purple-leaved, 10, 11, 25.

HEAD of wild boar and Yorkshire pig, figured, 3.

HEAD and limbs, correlated variability of, 25.

HEADACHE, inheritance of, 14.

HEARTSEASE, 10;

—change produced in the, by transplantation, 11;

—reversion in, 13 (2);

—effects of selection on, 20;

—scorching of, 21;

—effects of seasonal conditions on the, 23;

—annual varieties of the, 24.

HEAT, effect of, upon the fleece of sheep, 3.

HEBER, Bishop, on the breeding of the rhinoceros in captivity, 18.

HEBRIDES, cattle of the, 3;

—pigeons of the, 6.

HEER, O., on the plants of the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9;

—on the cereals, 9;

—on the peas, 9;

—on the vine growing in Italy in the Bronze age, 10.

HEIMANN, potato-grafting, 11.

_Helix lactea,_ 23.

_Hemerocallis fulva_ and _flava,_ interchanging by bud-variation, 11.

HEMLOCK, yields no conicine in Scotland, 23.

HEMP, differences of, in various parts of India, 18;

—climatal difference in products of, 23.

HEMPSEED, effect of, upon the colour of birds, 23.

HERMAPHRODITE flowers, occurrence of, in maize, 9.

HEN, assumption of male characters by the, 13 (2);

—development of spurs in the, 24.

“HENNIES,” or hen-like male fowls, 7.

HENRY, T. A., a variety of the ash produced by grafting, 11;

—crossing of species of _ Rhododendron_ and _Arabis,_ 11.

HENSLOW, Prof., individual variation in wheat, 9;

—bud-variation in the Austrian bramble rose, 11;

—partial reproduction of the weeping ash by seed, 12.

HEPATICA, changed by transplantation, 11.

HERBERT, Dr., variations of _Viola grandiflora,_ 10;

—bud-variation in camellias, 11;

—seedlings from reverted _Cytisus adami,_, 11;

—crosses of Swedish and other turnips, 15;

—on hollyhocks, 20;

—breeding of hybrids, 17;

—self-impotence in hybrid hippeastrums, 17 (2);

—hybrid _Gladiolus,_ 17;

—on _Zephyranthes candida,_ 18;

—fertility of the crocus, 18;

—on contabescence, 18;

—hybrid _Rhododendron,_ 22.

HERCULANEUM, figure of a pig found in, 3.

HERON, Sir R., appearance of “black-shouldered” among ordinary peacocks, 8 (2);

—non-inheritance of monstrous characters by gold-fish, 8;

—crossing of white and coloured Angora rabbits, 15;

—crosses of solid-hoofed pigs, 15.

_Herpestes fasciatus_ and _griseus,_ 18.

HEUSINGER, on the sheep of the Tarentino, 21;

—on correlated constitutional peculiarities, 25.

HEWITT, Mr., reversion in bantam cocks, 7;

—degeneration of silk fowls, 7;

—partial sterility of hen-like male fowls, 7;

—production of tailed chickens by rumpless fowls, 7;

—on taming and rearing wild ducks, 8, 21, 22;

—conditions of inheritance in laced Sebright bantams, 12;

—reversion in rumpless fowls, 13;

—reversion in fowls by age, 13;

—hybrids of pheasant and fowl, 13, 14;

—assumption of male characters by female pheasants, 13;

—development of latent characters in a barren bantam hen, 13;

—mongrels from the silk fowl, 14;

—effects of close interbreeding on fowls, 17 (2);

—on feather-legged bantams, 25.

HIBBERT, Mr., on the pigs of the Shetland Islands, 3.

HIBISCUS, _See Paritium._

HIGHLAND cattle, descended from _Bos longifrons,_ 3.

HILDEBRAND, Dr., on graft-hybrids with the potato, 11;

—on the influence of pollen on the mother-plant, 11;

—on the fertilisation of _ Orchideæ,_ 11 (2);

—occasional necessary crossing of plants, 15;

—on seeds not fitted for distribution, 9;

—potato-grafting, 11;

—crossing of varieties, 16;

—on _Primula sinensis_ and _ Oxalis rosea,_ 17;

—on _Corydalis cava,_ 17 (2).

HILL, R., on the Alco, 1;

—feral rabbits in Jamaica, 4;

—feral peacocks in Jamaica, 6;

—variation of the Guinea fowl in Jamaica, 8;

—sterility of tamed birds in Jamaica, 18 (2).

HIMALAYA, range of gallinaceous birds in the, 7.

HIMALAYAN rabbit, 4 (2);

—skull of, 4.

HIMALAYAN sheep, 3.

HINDMARSH, Mr., on Chillingham cattle, 3.

“HINKEL-TAUBE,” 5 (2).

HINNY and mule, difference of, 14.

_Hipparion,_ anomalous resemblance to, in horses, 2.

_Hippeastrum,_ hybrids of, 17 (2).

HIVE-BEES, ancient domestication of, 8;

—breeds of, 8;

—smaller when produced in old combs, 8;

—variability in, 8;

—crossing of Ligurian and common, 8.

HOBBS, FISHER, on interbreeding pigs, 17.

“HOCKER-TAUBE,” 5.

HODGKIN, Dr., on the attraction of foxes by a female Dingo, 1;

—origin of the Newfoundland dog, 1;

—transmission of a peculiar lock of hair, 12.

HODGSON, Mr., domestication of _Canis primævus,_ 1;

—development of a fifth digit in Thibet mastiffs, 1;

—number of ribs in humped cattle, 3;

—on the sheep of the Himalaya, 3;

—presence of four mammæ in sheep, 3;

—arched nose in sheep, 3;

—measurements of the intestines of goats, 3;

—presence of interdigital pits in goats, 3;

—disuse a cause of drooping ears, 24.

HOFACKER, persistency of colour in horses, 2, 12;

—production of dun horses from parents of different colours, 2;

—inheritance of peculiarities in handwriting, 12;

—heredity in a one horned stag, 12;

—on consanguineous marriages, 17.

HOFFMAN, Prof., on _Raphanus,_ 9.

HOG, Red River, 18.

HOGG, Mr., retardation of breeding in cows by hard living, 16.

HOLLAND, Sir H., necessity of inheritance, 12;

—on hereditary diseases, 12;

—hereditary peculiarity in the eyelid, 12;

—morbid uniformity in the same family, 12;

—transmission of hydrocele through the female, 13;

—inheritance of habits and tricks, 27.

HOLLY, varieties of the, 10 (2);

—bud-reversion in, 11;

—yellow-berried, 12, 21.

HOLLYHOCK, bud-variation in, 11;

—non-crossing of double varieties of, 16;

—tender variety of the, 24.

HOMER, notice of geese, 8;

—breeding of the horses of Æneas, 20.

HOMOLOGOUS parts, correlated variability of, 25, 26 (2);

—fusion of, 26;

—affinity of, 26 (2).

HOOFS, correlated with hair in variation, 25.

HOOK-BILLED duck, skull figured, 8.

HOOKER, Dr. J. D., forked shoulder-stripe in Syrian asses, 2;

—voice of the cock in Sikkim, 7;

—use of Arum-roots as food, 9;

—native useful plants of Australia, 9;

—wild walnut of the Himalayas, 10;

—variety of the plane-tree, 10;

—production of _Thuja orientalis_ from seeds of _T. pendula,_ 10;

—singular form of _Begonia frigida,_ 10;

—reversion in plants run wild, 13;

—on the sugar-cane, 18;

—on Arctic plants, 22;

—on the oak grown at the Cape of Good Hope, 23;

—on _Rhododendron ciliatum,_ 23;

—stock and mignonette perennial in Tasmania, 24.

HOPKIRK, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, 11;

—in _Mirabilis jalapa,_ 11;

—in _Convolvulus tricolor,_ 11.

HORNBEAM, heterophyllous, 10.

HORNED fowl, 7;

—skull figured, 7.

HORNLESS cattle in Paraguay, 3.

HORNS of sheep, 3;

—correlation of, with fleece in sheep, 25;

—correlation of, with the skull, 25;

—rudimentary in young polled cattle, 24;

—of goats, 3.

HORSES, in Swiss lake-dwellings, 2;

—different breeds of, in Malay Archipelago, 2;

—anomalies in osteology and dentition of, 2;

—mutual fertility of different breeds, 2;

—feral, 2;

—habit of scraping away snow, 2;

—mode of production of breeds of, 2;

—inheritance and diversity of colour in, 2;

—dark stripes in, 2;

—dun-coloured, origin of, 2;

—colours of feral, 3 (2);

—effect of fecundation by a quagga on the subsequent progeny of,
11;

—inheritance of peculiarities in, 12 (2);

—polydactylism in, 12;

—inheritance of colour in, 12;

—inheritance of exostoses in legs of, 12;

—reversion in, 13 (2);

—hybrids of, with ass and zebra, 13;

—prepotency of transmission in the sexes of, 14;

—segregation of, in Paraguay, 16;

—wild species of, breeding in captivity, 18;

—curly, in Paraguay, 20, 25;

—selection of, for trifling characters, 20;

—unconscious selection of, 20 (2);

—natural selection in Circassia, 21;

—alteration of coat of, in coal-mines, 23;

—degeneration of, in the Falkland Islands, 23;

—diseases of, caused by shoeing, 24;

—feeding on meat, 24;

—white and white-spotted, poisoned by mildewed vetches, 25;

—analogous variations in the colour of, 26;

—teeth developed on palate of, 27;

—of Bronze period in Denmark, 28.

HORSE-CHESTNUT, early, at the Tuileries, 10;

—tendency to doubleness in, 18.

HORSE-RADISH, general sterility of the, 18.

“HOUDAN,” a French sub-breed of fowls, 7.

HOWARD, C., on an Egyptian monument, 1;

—on crossing sheep, 3 (2).

HUC, on the Emperor Khang-hi, 20;

—Chinese varieties of the bamboo, 22.

HUMBOLDT, A., character of the Zambos, 13;

—parrot speaking in the language of an extinct tribe, 18;

—on _Pulex penetrans,_ 23.

HUMIDITY, injurious effect of, upon horses, 2.

HUMPHREYS, Col., on Ancon sheep, 3.

HUNGARIAN cattle, 3.

HUNTER, JOHN, period of gestation in the dog, 1;

—on secondary sexual characters, 3;

—fertile crossing of _Anser ferus_ and the domestic goose, 8;

—inheritance of peculiarities in gestures, voice, etc., 12;

—assumption of male characters by the human female, 13;

—period of appearance of hereditary diseases, 14;

—graft of the spur of a cock upon its comb, 24;

—on the stomach of _Larus tridentatus,_ 24.

HUNTER, W., evidence against the influence of imagination upon the offspring, 22.

HUTH, Mr., close interbreeding of rabbits, 17;

—consanguineous marriages, 17.

HUTTON, Capt., on the variability of the silk-moth, 8;

—on the number of species of silkworms, 8;

—markings of silkworms, 8;

—domestication of the rock-pigeon in India, 6;

—domestication and crossing of _ Gallus bankiva,_ 7;

—reversion in goats from a cross, 13.

HUTCHINSON, Col., liability of dogs to distemper, 1.

HUXLEY, Prof., on the transmission of polydactylism, 12;

—on unconscious selection, 20;

—on correlation in the mollusca, 25;

—on gemmation and fission, 27;

—development of star-fishes, 27.

HYACINTHS, 10;

—bud-variation in, 11;

—graft-hybrid by union of half bulbs of, 11;

—white, reproduced by seed, 12;

—red, 21;

—varieties of, recognisable by the bulb, 22.

HYACINTH, feather, 19, 24.

_Hyacinthus orientalis,_ 10.

_Hybiscus syriacus,_ 23.

HYBRIDS, of hare and rabbit, 6;

—of various species of _Gallus,_ 7;

—of almond, peach, and nectarine, 10;

—naturally produced, of species of _Cytisus,_ 11;

—from twin-seed of _Fuchsia coccinea_ and _fulgens,_ 11;

—reversion of, 11 (2), 13 (2);

—from mare, ass, and zebra, 13;

—of tame animals, wildness of, 13 (2);

—female instincts of sterile male, 13;

—transmission and blending of characters in, 15;

—breed better with parent species than with each other, 17;

—self-impotence in, 17;

—readily produced in captivity, 18.

HYBRIDISATION, singular effects of, in oranges, 10;

—of cherries, 10;

—difficulty of, in _ Cucurbitæ,_ 10;

—of roses, 10.

HYBRIDISM, 19;

—the cause of a tendency to double flowers, 18;

—in relation to Pangenesis, 27.

HYBRIDITY in cats, 1 (2);

—supposed, of peach and nectarine, 10.

_Hydra,_ 11, 24, 27.

HYDRANGEA, colour of flowers of, influenced by alum, 23.

HYDROCELE, 13.

HYDROCEPHALUS, 24.

_Hypericum calycinum,_ 18.

_Hypericum crispum,_ 21, 25.

HYPERMETAMORPHOSIS, 27.

HYPERMETROPIA, hereditary, 12.

ICHTHYOPTERYGIA, number of digits in the, 13.

_Ilex aquifolium,_ 12.

IMAGINATION, supposed effect of, on offspring, 22.

_Imatophyllum miniatum,_ bud-variation in, 11.

INCEST, abhorred by savages, 17.

INCUBATION, by crossed fowls of non-sitting varieties, 13.

INDIA, striped horses of, 2;

—pigs of, 3 (2);

—breeding of rabbits in, 4;

—cultivation of pigeons in, 6.

INDIVIDUAL variability in pigeons, 5.

INGLEDEW, Mr., cultivation of European vegetables in India, 18.

“INDISCHE Taube,” 5.

INHERITANCE, 12, 27, (2);

—doubts entertained of, by some writers, 12;

—importance of, to breeders, 11, 12;

—evidence of, derived from statistics of chances, 12;

—of peculiarities in man, 12, (2);

—of disease, 12 (3);

—of peculiarities in the eye, 12;

—of deviations from symmetry, 12;

—of polydactylism, 12;

—capriciousness of, 12;

—of mutilations, 12;

—of congenital monstrosities, 12;

—causes of absence of, 12;

—by reversion or atavism, 13;

—its connection with fixedness of character, 14;

—affected by prepotency of transmission of character, 14;

—limited by sex, 14;

—at corresponding periods of life, 14;

—summary of the subject of, 14;

—laws of, the same in seminal and bud varieties, 11;

—of characters in the horse, 2;

—in cattle, 3;

—in rabbits, 4;

—in the peach, 10;

—in the nectarine, 10;

—in plums, 10;

—in apples, 10;

—in pears, 10;

—in the pansy, 10;

—of primary characters of _Columba livia_ in crossed pigeons, 5;

—of peculiarities of plumage in pigeons, 5;

—of peculiarities of foliage in trees, 10;

—effects of, in varieties of the cabbage, 9.

INSANITY, inheritance of, 12, 14.

INSECTS, regeneration of lost parts in, 10, 24;

—agency of, in fecundation of larkspurs, 12;

—effect of changed conditions upon, 18;

—sterile neuter, 19;

—monstrosities in, 22, 27.

INSTINCTS, defective, of silkworms, 8.

INTERBREEDING, close, ill effects of, 17, 19.

INTERCROSSING, of species, as a cause of variation, 6;

—natural, of plants, 10;

—of species of Canidæ and breeds of dogs, 1;

—of domestic and wild cats, 1 (2);

—of breeds of pigs, 3 (2);

—of cattle, 3;

—of varieties of cabbage, 9;

—of peas, 9 (3);

—of varieties of orange, 10;

—of species of strawberries, 10 (2);

—of _Cucurbitæ,_ 10 (2);

—of flowering plants, 10;

—of pansies, 10.

INTERDIGITAL pits, in goats, 3.

INTERMARRIAGES, close, 17 (2).

INTESTINES, elongation of, in pigs, 3;

—relative measurement of parts of, in goats, 3;

—effects of changed diet on, 24.

_Ipomœa purpurea,_ 17.

IRELAND, remains of _Bos frontosus_ and _longifrons_ found in, 3.

IRIS, hereditary absence of the, 12;

—hereditary peculiarities of colour of the, 12;

—variation of, 11.

_Iris xiphium,_ 11.

IRISH, ancient, selection practised by the, 20.

IRON period, in Europe, dog of, 1.

ISLANDS, oceanic, scarcity of useful plants on, 9.

ISLAY, pigeons of, 6.

ISOLATION, effect of, in favour of selection, 21 (2).

ITALY, vine-growing in, during the Bronze period, 10.

IVY, sterility of, in the north of Europe, 18.

JACK, Mr., effect of foreign pollen on grapes, 11.

JACKAL, 1 (3);

—hybrids of, with the dog, 1;

—prepotency of, over the dog, 1.

JACKSON, Mr., white-footed cats, 25.

JACOBIN pigeon, 5, 6.

JACQUEMET-BONNEFORT, on the mulberry, 10.

JAEGER, Prof., on reversion in pigs, from a cross, 13;

—white pigeons killed by hawks, 21.

JAGUAR, with crooked legs, 1.

JAMAICA, feral dogs of, 1;

—feral pigs of, 3;

—feral rabbits of, 4.

JAMESON, Mr., on hybrid potatoes, 11.

JAPAN, horses of, 2.

JAPANESE pig (figured), 3.

JARDINE, Sir W., crossing of domestic and wild cats, 1.

JARVES, J., silkworm in the Sandwich Islands, 8.

JAVA, fantail pigeon in, 5.

JAVANESE ponies, 2 (2).

JEITTELES, history of the dog, 1;

—history of the fowl, 7;

—Hungarian sheep-dogs, 1;

—crossing of domestic and wild cats, 1.

JEMMY BUTTON, 9.

JENYNS, L., whiteness of ganders, 8;

—sunfish-like variety of the goldfish, 8.

JERDON, J. C., number of eggs laid by the pea-hen, 20;

—origin of domestic fowl, 7.

JERSEY, arborescent cabbages of, 9.

JESSAMINE, 11.

JESSE, G. R., on the bulldog, 1.

JOHN, King, importation of stallions from Flanders by, 20.

JOHNSON, D., occurrence of stripes on young wild pigs in India, 3.

JORDAN, A., on Vibert’s experiments on the vine, 10;

—origin of varieties of the apple, 10;

—varieties of pears found wild in woods, 22.

JOURDAN, parthenogenesis in the silk-moth, 27.

JUAN DE NOVA, wild dogs on, 1.

JUAN FERNANDEZ, dumb dogs on, 1.

_Juglans regia,_ 10.

JUKES, Prof., origin of the Newfoundland dog, 1.

JULIEN, Stanislas, early domestication of pigs in China, 3;

—antiquity of the domestication of the silkworm in China, 8.

JUMPERS, a breed of fowls, 7.

JUNIPER, variations of the, 10 (2).

_Juniperus suecica,_ 10.

_Jussiæa grandiflora,_ 18.

JUSSIEU, A. de, structure of the pappus in _Carthamus,_ 24.

KAIL, Scotch, reversion in, 13.

KALES, 9.

“KALI-PAR” pigeon, 5.

KALM, P., on maize, 9, 24;

—introduction of wheat into Canada, 9;

—sterility of trees growing in marshes and dense woods, 18.

“KALMI LOTAN” tumbler pigeon, 5.

KANE, Dr., on Esquimaux dogs, 1.

KARAKOOL sheep, 3.

KARKEEK, on inheritance in the horse, 12.

“KARMELITEN Taube,” 5.

KARSTEN on _Pulex penetrans,_ 23.

KATTYWAR horses, 2.

KEELEY, R., pelorism in _Galeobdolon luteum,_ 13.

KERNER, on the culture of Alpine plants, 18;

—definite action of conditions, 23.

KESTREL, breeding in captivity, 18.

“KHANDÉSI,” 5.

KHANG-HI, selection of a variety of rice by, 20.

KIANG, 13.

KIDD, on the canary-bird, 8, 14.

KIDNEY bean, 10;

—varieties of, 22, 23.

KIDNEYS, compensatory development of the, 24;

—shape of, in birds influenced by the form of the pelvis, 26.

KING, Col., domestication of rock doves from the Orkneys, 6 (2).

KING, Dr., on _Paritium,_ 11.

KING, P. P., on the dingo, 1 (2).

KIRBY and Spence, on the growth of galls, 23.

KIRGHISIAN sheep, 3.

KITE, breeding in captivity, 18.

KLEINE, variability of bees, 8.

KNIGHT, ANDREW, on crossing horses of different breeds, 2;

—crossing varieties of peas, 9, 17;

—persistency of varieties of peas, 9;

—origin of the peach, 10;

—hybridisation of the morello by the Elton cherry, 10;

—on seedling cherries, 10;

—variety of the apple not attacked by coccus, 10;

—intercrossing of strawberries, 10 (2);

—broad variety of the cock’s-comb, 10;

—bud variation in the cherry and plum, 11;

—crossing of white and purple grapes, 11;

—experiments in crossing apples, 11, 17;

—hereditary disease in plants, 12;

—on interbreeding, 17;

—crossed varieties of wheat, 17;

—necessity of intercrossing in plants, 19;

—on variation, 22 (2);

—effects of grafting, 11, 23;