Chapter XIII: Appendix: Chronological Table

[AUTHOR'S NOTE.]

In this table are set forth only the dates of events recorded while glancing at the history of the "Walls of Constantinople." As the book does not profess to be an exhaustive history of Constantinople, but rather a reflection of the historic happenings these Walls have witnessed--so this table aspires to do no more than guide the reader through past ages with here and there a date as milestone.

B.C.

658. Byzas founded the city.

479. Pausanias defeated the Persians at Platæa.

450 (about). Xenophon born.

A.D.

306-337. Constantine I, the Great, to whom the
city owes its present name.

364-378. Valens, whose aqueduct still stands.

378-395. Theodosius I, the Great, who divided
the Roman Empire between his sons
Arcadius and Honorius.

395-408. Arcadius, in whose reign the Goths laid
waste Greece.

404. Eudoxia, wife of Arcadius, died.

408-450. Theodosius II, in whose reign the Theodosian
walls were built. The Greeks
fought with success against Persians
and Varani. Attila appeared before
the walls of Constantinople and forced
the Emperor to pay him tribute.

457-474. Leo I.

518-527. Justin.

527-565. Justinian I, the Great. Theodora, his wife.

545. Bertezena established Empire of Turks in
Tartary.

558. Turkish Embassy to Justinian.

610-641. Heraclius (who executed Phocas and succeeded
him).

622. Heraclius distinguished himself in the
Persian War.

626. Unsuccessful attempt of the Avari on Constantinople.

631-641. Arabs conquered Phoenicia, Euphrates
countries, Judæa, Syria, and all Egypt.

642. Constans obtains the throne.

650. Constans murders his brother Theodosius.

653. Arabs conquered part of Africa, Cyprus
and Rhodes.

668. Constans died at Syracuse.

669. Arabs attacked Constantinople.

685-695. Justinian II.

695-697. Leontius.

597-705. Tiberius (Apsimar).

705-711. Justinian II (restored by Bulgarians).

711-713. Phillipicus (Bardanes).

717-740. Leo III (the Isaurian).

740-775. Constantine V (Copronymus) wrested part
of Syria and Armenia from the Arabs;
overcame the Bulgarians.

779-797. Constantine VI.

797-802. Irene.

802-811. Nicephorus I forced to pay tribute to the
Arabs; fell in the war against the
Bulgarians.

811-813. Michael I (Rhangabe).

813-820. Leo V (the Armenian).

820-829. Michael II (put Leo V to death, 826).
Under his reign the Arabs conquered
Sicily and Crete.

842-867. Michael III (confined his mother Theodora
in a convent); he left the
government in the hands of his uncle
Bordas, and was killed by

867-886. Basil I (the Macedonian).

886-912. Leo VI (the Wise).

912-958. Constantine Porphyrogenitus (his mother
Zoe).

919. Romanus Lecapenus obliged him to share
the throne.

944. Constantine and Stephanus, sons of
Romanus I.

958-963. Romanus II.

963. Nicephorus II (Phocas) put to death

970. by John Zimisces, who carried on an
unsuccessful war against the Russians.

963-1025. Basil II (Bulgaroktonos) vanquished the
Bulgarians.

1025. Romanus III married Zoe and became
Emperor; she had him executed, and
raised

1034. Michael IV to the Throne.

1041. Michael V.

1042. Constantine X.

1042. Zoe and Theodora.

1056-1057. Michael VI, dethroned by

1057-1059. Isaac Comnenus, who became a monk.

1059-1067. Constantine XI (Ducas), who fought successfully
against the Uzes; Eudocia,
his wife, entrusted with the administration

1067-1078. Married Romanus IV.

1081-1118. Alexius (Comnenus); Crusades commenced
in his reign.

1118-1143. John II (Comnenus).

1143-1180. Manuel I (Comnenus).

1180-1183. Alexius II (Comnenus), dethroned by
Andronicus.

1183-1185. Andronicus I, dethroned by his guardian,

1185-1195. Isaac Angelus; in turn dethroned by his
brother.

1195-1203. Alexius III.

1203-1204. Alexius IV and his father Isaac restored
by Crusaders.

1204. Alexius V (Ducas)put Alexius IV to
death. Isaac died at the same time.

1204. The Latins conquer the city.

1204-1260. Latin Emperors (Baldwin I died in
captivity in Bulgaria).

1204-1260. Nicæan Emperors (they reigned at Nicæa
as Constantinople was in the hands of
the Latins).

1260-1282. Michael VIII (Palæologus) on restoration
of the Greek Empire.

1282-1328. Andronicus II, who denounced connection
with the Latin Church, which Michael
VIII had restored.

1288. Ertoghrul succeeded by Othman.

1341-1391. John VI (Palæologus).

1342-1355. John V (Cantacuzene).

1361. Sultan Amurath took Adrianople.

1376-1379. Andronicus IV (Palæologus) usurped the
throne.

1391-1425. Manuel II.

1396. Bajazet besieged Constantinople, and defeated
an army of Western warriors
under Sigismund near Nicopolis.

1402. Tamerlane's invasion of Turkish provinces
in Asia saved Constantinople.

1425-1448. John VII (Palæologus).

1444. Amurath II extorted tribute from John VII

1451. and died at Adrianople.

1448-1453. Constantine XII (Palæologus).

1451-1453. Siege of Constantinople.

1451-1481. Mahomed the Conqueror of Constantinople.

1481-1512. Bajazet II resigned in favour of

1512-1520. Selim I, who murdered his brothers,
proclaimed himself champion of Orthodoxy
and became the first Caliph.

1520-1566. Solyman I, the Great, contemporary of
Francis I of France, Charles V,
German Emperor.

1526. Campaigns against the Western nations;
Hungarians beaten at Mohacz.

1529. Buda-Pesth taken; siege of Vienna.

1537. Barbarossa, Solyman's admiral, conquered
combined fleet of Emperor, Pope and
Venetians off Prevesa.

1553. Mustapha, son of Solyman, executed in
presence and by order of his father,
through Roxalana's instigation.

1566-1574. Selim II.

1574-1604. Mahomed III; first English Embassy
sent to the Porte.

1617. Achmet I sends Embassy to France.

1618. Mustapha I reigned six months and was
deposed.

1644. Sir Thomas Bendish, English Ambassador
in reign of Ibrahim, obtained justice by
means of a drastic measure.

1683. Sultan Mahomed IV; siege of Vienna
raised by Sobieski.

1702. Turkey admitted into the European
system.

1707. Achmet III allied himself with Charles
XII of Sweden.

1769-1774. Panslavism.

1774-1792. Mustapha III. War with Catherine of
Russia. Suvarrov defeated the Turks--Azov,
Trebizona, Silistria and Shumea
taken by Russia. The Crimea taken
by Prince Potemkin.

1792-1815. Turkey involved in Napoleonic wars.

1815-1840. Greek rebellion. Battle of Navarino.
Czar Nicholas waged war with Turkey,
Kars and the Dobrutsha taken.

1854-1856. Crimean War.

1879. Russo-Turkish War.

1909. Abdul Hamid deposed and constitutional
Government introduced.

_Richard Clay & Sons, Limited London and Bungay._

* * * * *

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

Theodosias=> Theodosius {pg 49}

Comunenus=> Comnenus {pg 107}

encounted=> encountered {pg 208}

Prevosa=> Prevesa {pg 95}