Chapter XIV: Part 14

Laelius, 177

Laestrygons, the, 191

Lais, 127

Lesbos, 421

Leto, 153

_Letter, Fragment of a_, 296‐339, 343

Libanius, 200, 241, 301, 418, 419, 467, 485

Lichas, 113

Licinius, 367, 397

Livy, 161, 179

Loos, the month, 487

Lotos‐Eaters, the, 15

Lucian, 2, 5, 23, 245, 323, 343, 353, 375, 383, 391, 401

Lucilianus, 279

Lucius Gellius, 383

Lucius Verus, 359

Lucretius, 29

Lucullus, 383

Lupicinus, 275, 279, 281

Lutetia (Paris), 429

Lyceum, the, 125, 157, 231

Lycurgus, 205, 225

Lydians, the, 435

Macedonians, the, 213

Macellum, 251

Macrinus, 361

Magnentius, 367

Magnesia, 89

Mallians, the, 401

Mammaea, 361

Marathon, 457

Marcellus, 267

Marcus Aurelius, 203, 359, 371, 395, 399, 407, 409, 411, 413

Mardonius, 169, 259, 461, 463

Marinus, 257

Marius, Caius, 383

Martial, 349

_Matthew_, Gospel of, 7

Maxentius, 397

Maximians, the, 365, 367

Maximus of Ephesus, 151, 467

Maximus of Tyre, 71, 175

Medes, the, 245

Mediterranean, the, 379

Megarian philosophy, 231

Megarians, the, 189

Memmorius, 121

Menander the dramatist, 433, 453

Menander the rhetorician, 30

Menedemus, 229

Messalina, 355

Metroum, the, 5, 19

Milan, 257, 261

Milton, 395

Minos, 359, 361, 367

_Misopogon, the_, 49, 371, 420‐511

Mithras, 415

Mithridates, 383

Moses, 299

Mother of the Gods, 5, 113

Multan, 401

Murray, 69

Muses, the, 65, 153, 157, 349, 421, 423

Musonius, 233

Mykonos, 455

Mysians, the, 451

Mysteries, the, 103, 105, 107, 109, 119, 161

Narcissus, the freedman, 355

Nausicaa, 461

Naxos, 421

Nebridius, 281

Nemesis, 509

Neocles, 207

Nero, 233, 355

Nerva, 357

Nestor, 15

Nicolaus, 233

Nicomedia, 200, 418

Nireus, 191

Octavian, 351, 389, 397, 399, 405, 413

Odysseus, 171, 189, 191, 441, 459, 461

Oedipus, 133

Oenomaus, 23, 53, 85, 91

Olympia, 91, 93, 97, 159, 225

Olympus, 109, 129, 147, 323, 325, 347

Oreibasius, 265, 467

Orpheus, 99, 105, 167

Otho, 355

Paeonians, the, 451

Pallas, the freedman, 355

Pan, 83, 105, 113, 149, 425

Paris (Lutetia), 241, 279

Parisians, the, 429

Paros, 421

Parthians, the, 357, 387, 395

Patroclus, 191, 459

Paul, St., 309

Paul, a sycophant, 277

Peirithous, 173

Peleus, 193

Penelope, 457

Pentadius, 277, 281

Pentheus, 117

Pericles, 179, 181, 187

Peripatetics, the, 25

Perseus, 105

Persia, 155, 231, 295, 387

Persia, king of, 43, 63, 91

Persians, the, 213, 385, 439

Pertinax, 359

Petavius, 29, 30

_Peter, St._, 145

Petulantes, the, 279

Peucestes, 401

Phaeacians, the, 435, 459

Phaedo, 229, 231

Phaethon, 83

Phalaris, 357

Phemius, 459

_Philebus_, the, 155

Philippi, 389

Philiscus, 19, 91

Philostratus, 301

Phoenicians, the, 113

Phrygia, 219, 431

Phryne, 127

Pindar, 77, 113, 149, 301, 507

Pittacus, 205, 225

Plato, 9, 21, 25, 27, 31, 39, 41, 51, 63, 70, 77, 79, 81, 93, 99, 101,
103, 105, 117, 119, 133, 139, 145, 149, 155, 157, 169, 173,
179, 181, 213, 221, 223, 231, 263, 307, 317, 325, 345, 347,
353, 363, 365, 369, 409, 457, 465, 467, 481

Pliny, 401

Plotinus, 117

Plutarch, 55, 83, 89, 125, 131, 231, 245, 383, 385, 401, 423, 427, 447,
449, 477, 479

Pnyx, the, 207

Polemon, 169

Pompey, 377, 381, 383, 385, 389, 405, 477

Pontus, the, 489

Porphyry, 117

Portico, the, 125

Poseidon, 373, 389

Praechter, 70

Priam, 441

Priscus, 467

Probus, 363

Prodicus, 70, 105

Prometheus, 9, 41

Propontis, the, 195

_Protagoras_, the, 41

Protarchus, 155

Pylos, 15

Pyrrho, 327

Pyrrhus, 387

Pythagoras, 15, 22, 25, 33, 41, 51, 63, 155, 161, 179, 195, 325, 353

Pythagoreans, the, 47, 155, 231

Pythian oracle, 11, 15, 23, 33, 53, 159

Quadi, the, 271

Quirinus, 347, 355, 367, 369, 383

Rhadamanthus, 363

Rhea, 349

Rhine, the, 269, 271, 273, 377, 423

Rhodes, 301

Romans, the, 379, 385, 397, 471, 479

Rome, 241, 331, 391, 475, 479

Romulus, 347

Salii, the, 273

_Sallust, Address to_, 166‐197

Sallust, 69, 70, 121, 165, 277, 279, 343

Salmoneus, 149

Samos, 81, 155, 179, 447

Sardis, 435

Sarmatians, the, 271

Saturn, 345

Satyrs, the, 113

Scipio Africanus, 177, 179

Scipios, the, 383

Scythians, the, 245, 305, 391, 397

Selene, 261

Seleucus, 353

Semele, 70, 109, 113, 115

Serapis, 355

Serenianus, the Cynic, 123

Severus, Emperor, 359, 367

Sextus Empiricus, 29

Sextus Pompeius, 389

Sicilians, the, 313

Silenus, 21, 349, 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, 361, 363, 365, 369, 373, 393,
395, 399, 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411

Silvanus, 257, 259

Simmias, 231

Simonides, 407

Sinope, 5

Sirens, the, 167

Sirmium, 257

Smicrines, 453

Socrates, 5, 21, 25, 27, 31, 33, 85, 157, 159, 161, 169, 173, 175, 189,
207, 217, 229, 231, 313, 365, 465

Solon, 55, 205, 225, 435

Sophroniscus, 229

Sparta, 241

Spartacus, 383

Stoa, the, 231

Stoics, the, 17

Stratonice, 449

Suetonius, 351, 353, 381, 389, 391

Sulla, 383

Sura, 393

Synesius, 427

Syracuse, 313, 405

Syria, 509

Syrians, the, 451

Tacitus, 233, 353, 355

Tarentum, 471

Tartarus, 51, 139, 323, 325, 355

Taurus, 287

Telamon, 113

Teos, 499

Termerus, 89

Thebans, the, 379

Thebes, 25, 333

_Themistius, Letter to_, 202‐237, 43, 97, 103, 383, 391

Themistius, 9, 71, 153, 167, 175, 200, 201, 363, 391, 423, 489

Themistocles, 63, 245

Theocritus, 155, 177, 189, 197, 357, 399, 425

Theodosius, 200

Theognis, 107, 185, 455

Theophilus, Governor of Antioch, 491, 509

Theophrastus, 15, 465

Theseus, 89, 105, 173

Thesmophoria, the, 35

_Thessalonians_, 145

Thessaly, 75

Thrace, 75, 183, 195

Thracians, the, 353, 391, 451, 457

Thrasyleon, 453

Thrasyllus, 233

Thucydides, 81, 191

Tiberius, 233, 353

Tigris, the, 387

Timaeus, 157

_Timaeus_, the, 155

Titus, 357

Trajan, 357, 369, 373, 395, 397, 405, 413

Tralles, 251

Trojans the, 167

Troy, 191, 441

Valerian, 361

Vespasian, 355

Vienne, 267, 279

Vindex, 355

Vitellius, 355

Vosges Mts., 271

Xenophon, 51, 85, 87, 105, 153, 181, 209, 229, 459

Xerxes, 63, 173, 213, 461

Zamolxis, 175, 353, 393

Zeller, 200

Zeno, 25, 63, 177, 325, 351

Zeus, 17, 41, 43, 83, 93, 105, 109, 111, 113, 115, 135, 137, 141, 145,
149, 197, 283, 305, 307, 351, 367, 369, 395, 409, 411, 413,
445, 467, 475, (Kasios) 487, 499

Zonaras, 425

Zosimus, 241

FOOTNOTES

1 Cf. Bernays, _Lukian und die Kyniker_, Berlin, 1879.

2 224 C.

3 Aristides, _Orations_ 402 D.

4 The precise meaning of the phrase is uncertain; it has been
suggested that it arose from the custom of altering or
“countermarking” coins so as to adapt them for the regular currency;
see 192 C, _Oration_ 7. 208 D.

5 ἱκανὰς Naber adds.

6 φαμεν Hertlein suggests, φασι MSS.

7 A proverb signifying that all is topsy‐turvy: cf. Euripides, _Medea_
413 ἄνω ποταμῶν ἱερῶν χωροῦσι παγαί.

8 Of Sinope: he was the pupil of Antisthenes and is said to have lived
in a jar in the Metroum, the temple of the Mother of the Gods at
Athens; he died 323 B.C.

9 For the tradition that Diogenes died of eating a raw octopus cf.
Lucian, _Sale of Creeds_ 10.

10 A pupil of Socrates and founder of the Cynic sect.

11 A proverb, but Julian may allude to _Matthew_ 6. 28.

12 Herodotus 6.129; Hippocleides, when told by Cleisthenes that by his
unbecoming method of dancing he had “danced away his marriage,” made
this answer which became a proverb.

13 καταπεμφθεῖσα Reiske would add.

14 τῆς ζωῆς Wright σώματος Hertlein, MSS. Petavius suspects corruption.

15 θεῷ Klimek, θεῶν Hertlein, MSS.

16 An echo of Plato, _Philebus_ 16 C; cf. Themistius 338 C.

17 _e.g._ eloquence, commerce, and social intercourse.

18 ταῦτα Hertlein suggests, τὰ MSS.

19 προσήκειν—ἄνθρωπον, Hertlein suggests, cf. Maximus of Tyre 4. 7; ἔφη
τὰ μεταξὺ τοῦ ζῷον εἶναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον MSS.

20 Cf. 188 B; Juvenal, _Satires_ 11. 27; E caelo descendit γνῶθι
σεαυτόν.

21 _Odyssey_ 4. 379.

22 _Iliad_ 13. 355.

23 Nestor; _Odyssey_ 3. 174.

24 Heracleitus _fr._ 80.

25 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 143 A.

26 οὐδ᾽ ὁ Hertlein suggests, οὐδὲ MSS.

27 ἔτι Hertlein suggests, ἤδη Reiske, ἐστὶν MSS.

28 Zeno of Citium in Cyprus, the founder of the Stoic school.

29 Julian seems to mean that Zeno and the Stoics could not accept
without modification the manner of life advocated by the Cynic
Crates.

30 δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS.

31 ἀπεληλακόσι Naber, ἀπεληλάκασι Hertlein, MSS.

32 παρίασιν Cobet, παριᾶσιν Hertlein, MSS.

33 οἳ διχάδε Hertlein suggests, cf. _Symposium_ 215, οἱ δὲ MSS.

34 Cf. _Oration_ 5. 159 B.

35 Cf. _Oration_ 7. 210 D, 212 A.

36 Plato, _Symposium_ 215.

37 Before αἴτιος Cobet omits τις.

38 Before κατέλιπεν Cobet omits οὗτος.

39 οὕτω φιλοσοφῆσαι Reiske suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

40 μόνον Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον MSS.

41 Of Gadara, a Cynic philosopher whose date is probably the second
century A.D.; cf. 199 A, 209 B, 210 D, 212 A.

42 Lucian, _Sale of Creeds_ 8, makes Diogenes say that he had modelled
himself on Heracles.

43 Heracleitus _fr._ 16, Bywater.

44 Cf. _Oration_ 7. 208 D, 211 B, 211 C.

45 Apollo.

46 Of Thebes, the Cynic philosopher, a pupil of Diogenes; he lived in
the latter half of the fourth century B.C.

47 Plato, _Laws_ 730 B.

48 _Alcibiades_ i. 129 A.

49 _Crito_ 44 C.

50 _Epistle_ 2. 314 C; Julian quotes from memory and slightly alters
the original; Plato meant that in his dialogues he had suppressed
his own personality in favour of Socrates.

51 τῇ καθαρᾷ χρῆσθαι Hertlein suggests, τῇ γε ὡς ἀρχῃ MSS., corrupt.

52 δὲ Hertlein suggests.

53 τὴν Naber suggests.

54 Cf. Lucretius, _De Rerum Natura_ 3. 359 foll.; Sextus Empiricus,
_Adversus Mathematicos_ 7. 350.

55 αὐτὸ τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, αὐτοῦ MSS.

56 τὴν θεωρίαν Hertlein suggests, πρὸς τὴν θεωρίαν MSS., θεωρίας
Petavius.

57 δὲ after ἀπέδοσαν Hertlein suggests, τε MSS.

58 δοκοῦσιν· Hertlein suggests, δοκοῦσιν, MSS.

59 δὲ Hertlein suggests, δὴ MSS.

60 τούτους; οὐχ ὡς Hertlein suggests, τούτους, ὡς MSS.

61 καὶ γὰρ Hertlein suggests, καίτοι MSS.

62 Plato, _Protagoras_ 314 A.

63 _Phaedo_ 81 A.

64 _Iliad_ 5. 304.

65 δὲ after ἀνθρώπων Hertlein suggests.

66 ἀνάλωται Hertlein suggests, δείκνυται MSS.

67 μᾶλλον Hertlein suggests, μόνον MSS.

68 πως Hertlein suggests, ἴσως MSS.

69 Demeter, who regulated the customs of civilised life, especially
agriculture: her festival was the Thesmophoria.

70 _Odyssey_ 12. 331.

71 οὔτι ἄλογον Hertlein suggests, οὐ χαλεπὸν MSS.

72 _Genesis_ 9. 3.

73 _Timaeus_ 77 B.

74 Plato, _Protagoras_ 321 A, B; Plato however says that the theft of
fire by Prometheus saved mankind, and that later Zeus bestowed on
them the political art.

75 ἔχων οὐδ᾽ οἰκέτην Kaibel, οὐκ οἰκέτην ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.; Hertlein
prints the second verse as prose.

76 Cf. _Letter to Themistius_ 256 D; Nauck, _Adespota Fragmenta_ 6;
Diogenes Laertius, 6. 38, says that this was a favourite quotation
of Diogenes; its source is unknown.

77 Cf. 188 C, Plato, _Laws_ 730 B.

78 The stater or Daric was worth about a sovereign.

79 _Iliad_ 5. 766.

80 ταῦτὰ Hertlein suggests, ταῦτα MSS.

81 An oath used by the Pythagoreans, who regarded the tetrad, the sum
of the first four numbers, as symbolical of all proportion and
perfection; cf. Aetios, _Placita_ 1. 7. Pythagoras, _Aureum Carmen_
47, Mullach νὰ μὰ τὸν ἁμετέρᾳ ψυχᾷ παραδόντα τετρακτύν.

82 πως Hertlein suggests, πάντως MSS.

83 Cf. _Oration_ 268 D; Euripides _fr._ 1007 Nauck ὁ νοῦς γὰρ ἡμῶν
ἐστιν ἐν ἑκάστῳ θεός; Iamblichus, _Protrepticus_ 8. 138.

84 ζηλωταὶ ἐάσαντες Hertlein suggests, ζηλώσαντες MSS.

85 πρὶν Hertlein suggests, καὶ τρίτον MSS.

86 Euripides _fr._ 488; _Misopogon_ 358 D.

87 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 40 B, 2. 74 C, notes.

88 ταῦτα καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ ταῦτα MSS.

89 δύνῃ Hertlein suggests, cf. Diogenes Laertius 6. 5. 2; δύνασαι MSS.

90 Cf. Plato, _Epistles_ 326 B.

91 An echo of Xenophon, _Anabasis_ 7. 1. 29.

92 Diogenes Laertius 6. 86; _Palatine Anthology_ 9. 497; Julian
paraphrases the verses of Crates, cf. Crates _fr._ 14, Diels.

93 _Palatine Anthology_ 10. 104.

94 ἑθεράπευε Hertlein suggests, ἐθεράπευσε MSS.

95 _I.e._ parodies such as the verses here quoted which parody Solon’s
prayer _fr._ 12, Bergk; cf. 213 B.

96 ὄλβον Wright, cf. 213B, οἶτον MSS., Hertlein.

97 ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀγινεῖν Hertlein, MSS.

98 καθυφείσθω Hertlein suggests, καθείσθω MSS.

99 Before κεκλημένος Cobet adds καὶ; cf. Oration 8. 250 C.

100 An echo of Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 551, περιβλέπεσθαι τίμιον, κενὸν
μὲν οὖν.

101 Thucydides 1. 118.

102 εὐδαιμονήσουσιν Hertlein suggests, εὐδαιμονήσωσιν MSS.

103 αὐτῷ Cobet, οὕτω Hertlein, MSS.

104 δρᾶν, Petavius, φάναι Hertlein, MSS.

105 ψυχρῷ Naber, θερμῷ Hertlein, MSS.

106 φιλονεικῶν Hertlein suggests, φιλῶν νεκρὸν, MSS.

107 Cf. Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 6. 12, Arnim.

108 A proverb; Sicily was famous for good cooking; cf. Plato, _Republic_
404 D; Horace, _Odes_ 1. 1. 18, “Siculae dapes.”

109 Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 47.

110 σὺ Reiske adds, παραμενέτω μέν σοι Reiske conjectures, lacuna
Hertlein, MSS.

111 Demosthenes, _De Corona_, 308, cf. Vol. I. _Oration_ 5. 178 D.

112 Murray’s translation of Sallust in _Four Stages of Greek Religion_,
New York, 1912.

113 _Oration_ 7, 219.

114 Cf. Vol. I, _Oration_ 2. 56 D.

115 Asmus, _Julian und Dion Chrysostomus_, 1895; cf. Praechter, _Archiv
für Geschichte der Philosophie_ 5. _Dion Chrysostomus als Quelle
Julians._ Julian only once mentions Dio by name, _Oration_ 7, 212 C.

116 Themistius, 280 A.

117 Maximus of Tyre, _Dissertation_ 20.

118 Eupolis _fr._ 4.

119 Cf. _Misopogon_ 366 C.

120 _Odyssey_ 20. 18.

121 After Καρίᾳ Reiske suggests ἀνέφανη.

122 οἱ Cobet adds.

123 οἱ Cobet adds.

124 τε Hertlein suggests, τι MSS.

125 Ἰξίων νεφέλῃ τινὶ Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

126 τούτοις ἀντ᾽ ἀληθοῦς ψευδὴς Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS., ἐντέτηκε
Wright, τέτηκε Hertlein, MSS.

127 αὐτοῖς Wright, αὐτῷ Hertlein, MSS.

128 προσαρτῶσι Hertlein suggests, προσαρτᾶν MSS.

129 Ἱππεῖς ἐν Θετταλίᾳ καὶ Θραᾴκῃ was a well‐known proverb; cf.
_Oration_ 2. 63 C, D.

130 _i.e._ Hera; cf. Pindar, _Pythian_ 2. 20 foll.; Dio Chrysostom 4.
130, Arnim.

131 Cf. Plato, _Theaetetus_ 151 E.

132 The whole passage echoes Plato, _Phaedrus_ 251.

133 Cf. Archilochus _frr._ 86, 89; Archilochus used the beast‐fable or
parable: Julian here ignores his own distinction and uses the wider
term “myth.” Hesiod used myth as well as fable.

134 Plato, _Phaedo_ 61 B.

135 τὴν τύχην Cobet, οὐ τὴν τύχην Hertlein, MSS.

136 μὴν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS.

137 τί δέον ὀνομάσαι; τί Reiske, δέον ὀνομάσαι, τὸν Hertlein MSS.

138 ῥᾷον Hertlein suggests, ῥᾴδιον MSS.

139 Literally a boat: a proverb; _Anonym. Com. Gr. Frag._ 199.

140 _Iliad_ 5. 442; Hesiod, _Theogony_ 272.

141 An echo of Plutarch, _Antonius_ 28: τὸ πολυτελέστατον, ὡς Ἀντιφῶν
εἶπεν, ἀνάλωμα, τὸν χρόνον.

142 οὕτω Hertlein suggests, αὐτῷ MSS.

143 μήτι Cobet μήτοι Hertlein, MSS.

144 διαλέξομαι Cobet, διηγήσομαι Spanheim, Hertlein, V illegible.

145 παιομένους Cobet, πολεμουμένους Hertlein, MSS.

146 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 188 A, B.

147 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 187 C.

148 The pit or chasm at Athens into which the bodies of criminals were
thrown; cf. Xenophon, _Hellenica_ 1. 7. 20.

149 For the ceremony of driving out the scapegoat see Harrison,
_Prolegomena to Greek Religion_ 97; Frazer, _Golden Bough_, Vol. 3,
p. 93.

150 _i.e._ Homer.

151 _Odyssey_ 3. 73.

152 ἄρα περιπατοῦσιν Hertlein suggests, ἀναστρέφονται καὶ περιπατοῦσιν
Cobet, ἀναπατοῦσιν MSS.

153 ὁμολογουμένως Cobet, ὁμολογουμένας Hertlein, MSS.

154 χωρείτω Hertlein suggests, χαιρέτω MSS.

155 τῆς Cobet, τῆς τοῦ Hertlein, MSS.

156 A proverb; cf. Archilochus _fr._ 27, Bergk.

157 A robber whom Theseus killed; Plutarch, _Theseus_ 11.

158 _i.e._ Alexander.

159 Plato, _Phaedo_ 63 C.

160 Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 4. 12, Arnim.

161 ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀσινῆ Hertlein, MSS.

162 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 199 D.

163 _Bacchae_ 370.

164 συνεκροτείτην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεκροτεῖτον MSS.

165 συνεγιγνέσθην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεγέγνεσθον MSS.

166 _i.e._ in honour of Olympian Zeus.

167 Cf. Themistius 182 A.

168 _Phoenissae_ 472.

169 φαίνονται Hertlein suggests, ἐφαίνοντο MSS.

170 ἐπιτιθεὶς Hertlein suggests, ἐπιθεὶς MSS.

171 προρρητέον Reiske, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

172 τῷ πρακτικῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ τε ἠθικῷ MSS.

173 λογίσαισθε Cobet, λογίσεσθε Hertlein, MSS.

174 Plato, _Timaeus_ 54 A.

175 τοῦ φυσικοῦ τῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ φυσικῷ οὔτε MSS.

176 Heracleitus _fr._ 123, Diels; cf. Themistius 69 B.

177 σ᾽ ἐχρῆν Hertlein suggests, ἐχρῆν MSS.

178 Orpheus.

179 _i.e._ in his allegory the Choice of Heracles; Xenophon,
_Memorabilia_ 2. 1. 2; Julian, _Oration_ 2. 56 D.

180 _i.e._ Pan and Zeus; cf. 208 B.

181 _i.e._ ethics and theology; cf. 216 B.

182 Iamblichus; cf. _Oration_ 4. 157 D.

183 Cf. _Oration_ 5. 170.

184 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 144 A.

185 A proverb for mysterious silence; cf. Theognis 815; Aesch. _Ag._ 36.

186 δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

187 κατὰ Cobet, καὶ Hertlein, MSS.

188 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 149 B.

189 Cf. _Oration_ 5. 170 B, C.

190 Cf. Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 1. 61, Arnim.

191 Cf. 230 B.

192 Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_ 2; Athenaeus 11. 470.

193 This is perhaps a passing sneer at the Christians and need not be
taken too seriously.

194 σωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτυπημάτων Friederich; Hertlein approves but would
omit ἕν: δωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτημάτων Hertlein, MSS., τὸ δωμάτιον ἓν
κτύπημα τῶν Reiske, ἐνσκήψαντος Arnoldt.

195 Cf. Euripides, _Bacchae_ 279 foll.

196 Cf. Pindar _fr._ 85.

197 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 134 A.

198 An oracular verse from an unknown source.

199 μεταβαλεῖν Hertlein suggests, μεταβάλλειν MSS.

200 τινῶν Hertlein suggests, τινὰ MSS.

201 ἡμερίς = the vine; ἥμερος = gentle.

202 κόσμω ... κατ ... γματ ... ξιν V, lacuna MSS.

203 ἄξια, φράζειν δέ γ᾽ οὐ ῥᾴδια ἐμοί Hertlein suggests, lacuna MSS.

204 Here follows a lacuna of several words.

205 Cf. Plato, _Republic_ 382 D.

206 Πενθεὺς ἔπαθε MSS.; Hertlein would omit ἔπαθε.

207 ἂν Hertlein would add.

208 τελεσιουργηθῇ Hertlein suggests, τελεσιουργηθείη MSS.

209 A proverb for forced laughter, cf. _Odyssey_ 22. 302; Plato,
_Republic_ 337 A.

210 δράτω τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον τῷ MSS.

211 τοῖς ξύλοις Hertlein would add; Naber suggest βάκτροις.

212 προσκτῶνται Hertlein suggests, προσῆν οἶμαι MSS.

213 προσαχθῆναι Hertlein suggests, πραχθῆναι MSS.

214 Hellebore, supposed to be a cure for madness, grew at Anticyra;
hence the proverb: cf. Horace, _Satires_ 2. 3. 166.

215 Or “solitaries”; the word also means “heretic”; but Julian evidently
alludes to Christian monks who lived on charity.

216 ἰέναι Cobet, πορευόμεθα Hertlein suggests, lacuna V.

217 δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

218 A proverb to express emulation; cf. Juvenal 2. 81.

219 Plutarch, _Erotici_ p. 759, says this of the Cynics; cf. Diogenes
Laertius 7. 121.

220 τοῦ δεῖνος Cobet, τοῦ δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

221 Empedocles, _fr._ 21, Diels.

222 Heracleitus, _fr._ 96, Diels.

223 ὡς φασὶ ταύτῃ Cobet, cf. Oration 4. 148 B, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

224 σός· Hertlein suggests; σός, ὡς ἔφης MSS.

225 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 148 B.

226 223 A.

227 Archilochus.

228 ἐπεκτήσατο Naber, ἐκτήσατο Hertlein, MSS.

229 αὐτῷ τῶν Klimek, αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν Hertlein, MSS.

230 Constantine.

231 _Iliad_ 2. 474.

232 _Iliad_ 20. 221.

233 Cf. Plato, _Charmides_ 156 E.

234 The curse of Oedipus on his sons; cf. Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 67;
Plato, _Alcibiades_ 2. 138 C; Aeschylus, _Seven Against Thebes_ 817,
942.

235 The Christian churches were so called because they were built over
the tombs of the martyrs.

236 γένει αἴτιος Cobet, γένει καὶ παισὶν αἴτιος Hertlein, MSS.

237 ἐπικρατήσει Hertlein suggests, ἐπικρατήσῃ MSS.

238 _i.e._ between cousins.

239 τὸ σὸν Hertlein suggests, σὸν MSS.

240 Julian himself.

241 _Iliad_ 9. 231.

242 _Iliad_ 11. 164.

243 _Iliad_ 24. 348.

244 λειοτέρας, Klimek, λείας Hertlein, MSS.

245 δόρυ Hertlein suggests, μάχαιραν MSS; cf. 231 C.

246 _i.e._ as the god of eloquence.

247 Plato, _Republic_ 618 B.

248 Cf. Aeschylus, _Agamemnon_ 160.

249 περιβαλὼν Cobet, περιβάλλων Hertlein, MSS.

250 καταδυόμενος Naber thinks corrupt, but cf. _Letter to the Athenians_
285 A.

251 Literally “the Gorgon’s head,” which formed the centre of the aegis
or breastplate of Athene; cf. 234 A.

252 Constantius.

253 _Iliad_ 3. 415.

254 φιλεῖν Cobet, φίλων Hertlein, MSS.

255 λάθοι Hertlein suggests, λάθῃ MSS.

256 _Peter_ 1. 5. 8; _Thessalonians_ 1. 5. 6.

257 An echo of Plato, _Republic_ 495 E.

258 ταῖς ἐκείνων Cobet, ἐκείνων ταῖς Hertlein, MSS.

259 τὴν πανοπλίαν Hertlein suggests, πανοπλίαν MSS.

260 τῶν ἐντολῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐντολῶν MSS.

261 τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, τοῦτον MSS.

262 μαινομένου Hertlein suggests, τοῦ μαινομένου MSS.

263 Plato, _Phaedrus_ 244 foll.

264 _Odyssey_ 11. 235; Pindar, _Pythian_ 4. 143; Salmoneus was destroyed
by a thunder‐bolt for imitating the thunder and lightning of Zeus.

265 Maximus of Ephesus.

266 Iamblichus.

267 Literally “winged.”

268 φίλα Cobet, φιλικὰ Hertlein, MSS.

269 A direct quotation from Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 128; the word
omitted by Julian is κάθαρμα = “off‐scourings,” or “outcast,”
addressed by Demosthenes to Aeschines.

270 An echo of Xenophon, _Anabasis_ 1. 5. 14.

271 For this device of introducing hackneyed poetical and mythological
allusions cf. Themistius 330, 336 C; Aristides, _Oration_ 20. 428 D;
Himerius, _Oration_ 18. 1. Epictetus 3. 282.

272 A proverb for wealth; cf. Theocritus 10. 13.

273 δῆτα Cobet adds, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

274 συστατικὸν Cobet, ἀστατικὸν V, Hertlein, ἐνστατικὸν Reiske,
εὐστατικὸν Spanheim.

275 δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

276 προηγόρευτο Cobet, προηγορεύετο Hertlein, MSS.

277 Pythagoras.

278 _Philebus_ 12 C.

279 _Timaeus_ 40 D; Julian fails to see that Plato is not speaking
seriously.

280 Aristotle.

281 ἐκφοβήσεις Cobet, ἐκφοβήσῃς Hertlein, MSS.

282 ὁποίας Hertlein suggests, ὅπως MSS.

283 συνιεὶς Hertlein suggests, συνεὶς MSS.

284 μέγα φρονοῦντα Cobet, μεγαλοφρονοῦντα Hertlein, MSS.

285 τοῖς Naber, τούτοις Hertlein, MSS.

286 _Diogenes Laertius_ 6. 39.

287 Diogenes like Socrates claimed that he had a δαιμόνιον, a private
revelation to guide his conduct; cf. 212 D.

288 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 148 A, note.

289 This was the πρόρρησις or praefatio sacrorum; cf. Livy 45. 5.

290 cf. vol. i. p. 351.

291 κοινὸν Wright, καινὸν Hertlein, MSS.

292 ἂν—μιμήσαιτο Hertlein suggests, μιμήσεται MSS.

293 ἀντηχήσειε Hertlein suggests, ἀντηχήσει MSS.

294 _Odyssey_ 4. 227; a sophistic commonplace; cf. 412 D, Themistius 357
A; Julian seems to mean that the nepenthe was not really a drug but
a story told by Helen.

295 Plato, _Phaedo_ 60 B.

296 Cf. _Oration_ 2. 101 A.

297 Mardonius.

298 _Iliad_ 17. 720.

299 _Iliad_ 11. 401.

300 _Iliad_ 11. 163.

301 _Iliad_ 17. 242.

302 μόνος—φροντίδος Brambs regards as a verse; Hertlein prints as prose.

303 Nauck, _Adespota fragmenta_ 430.

304 ἀλλὰ Reiske supplies, lacuna Hertlein: after πραττόμενα several
words are lost.

305 πολυειδοῦς Cobet, πολυτελοῦς Hertlein, MSS.

306 Julian quotes from memory and paraphrases _Epistle_ 7. 325 C.

307 This feat of Xerxes became a rhetorical commonplace.

308 Aristophanes, _Acharnians_ 1; cf. 248 D.

309 A commonplace; Plato, _Laws_ 659 E; Julian, _Caesars_ 314 C; Dio
Chrysostom 33. 10; Themistius 63 B, 302 B; Maximus of Tyre 10. 6.

310 _Odyssey_ 11. 202.

311 Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 97; cf. Julian, _Epistle_ 53. 439 D.

312 Cf. _Caesars_ 309 C note.

313 Plato, _Charmides_ 156 D.

314 _Iliad_ 9. 524.

315 _Odyssey_ 9. 14.

316 οὐ μόνον οὐ δυσχεραίνω χαίρω δὲ Hertlein suggests, cf. 37 B, 255 D;
καὶ χαίρω γε MSS.

317 ἀρετῆς Hertlein suggests, τῆς ἀρετῆς MSS.

318 Theocritus 12. 15.

319 Hesiod, _Works and Days_ 293, 295 ὃς αὑτῷ πάντα νοήσῃ; Diogenes
Laertius 7. 25.

320 καὶ θατέρῳ Hertlein suggests, θατέρῳ MSS.

321 Diogenes Laertius 8. 10; Pythagoras persuaded his disciples to share
their property in common.

322 ὢν Hertlein would add.

323 ὁπουοῦν Cobet, ὅπου Hertlein, MSS.

324 τὴν οὗ Hertlein suggests, οὗ MSS.

325 θηρίοις Cobet, ὄρνισιν Hertlein, MSS.

326 Cf. Livy 27. 7.

327 Cobet rejects this sentence as a gloss; but Julian perhaps echoes
Plato, _Menexenus_ 246 C.

328 This a very inappropriate application to Pericles of the speech of
Critoboulos in Xenophon, _Symposium_ 4. 12; cf. Diogenes Laertius 2.
49.

329 The Attic stade = about 600 feet.

330 Epicharmus _fr._ 13.

331 _Iliad_ 15. 80.

332 ἐπῄει Reiske adds.

333 νυκτέρων Cobet, νυκτερινῶν Hertlein, MSS.

334 Theognis 153. τίκτει τοι κόρος ὕβριν, ὅταν κακῷ ὄλβος ἔπηται.

335 Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 165, μορφῆς τύπωμα στέρνα τ᾽ ἐξῃκασμένα.

336 Nauck, _Adespota trag. frag._ 108.

337 ἐνδίδωσι Hertlein suggests, δίδωσι MSS.

338 δῆλον Cobet, δῆλοι Hertlein, MSS.

339 πρωτεῖα Cobet, πρῶτα Hertlein, MSS.

340 _Iliad_ 5. 304.

341 Cf. 243 C.

342 Two familiar proverbs.

343 _Iliad_ 9. 420.

344 _Iliad_ 1. 55.

345 The Megarians on inquiring their rank among the Greeks from the
Delphic oracle were told that they were not in the reckoning at all,
ὑμεῖς δ᾽ οἱ Μεγαρεῖς οὐκ ἐν λόγῳ οὐδ᾽ ἐν ἀριθμῷ; cf. Theocritus 14.
47.

346 πόνων Hertlein suggests, φόβων MSS.

347 Cf. Dio Chrysostom 13. 4, Arnim.

348 _Odyssey_ 5. 84.

349 _Iliad_ 2. 673.

350 _Odyssey_ 10. 119 foll.

351 _Odyssey_ 13. 332.

352 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 201 C; Thucydides 1. 118.

353 _Iliad_ 24. 63.

354 _Iliad_ 8. 1.

355 _Odyssey_ 3. 1.

356 _Odyssey_ 19. 172.

357 ὑπερέχον Naber, ὑπάρχον Hertlein, MSS.

358 ὀρέγεσθαι Petavius, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

359 ἄγουσα Cobet, ῥέπουσα Hertlein, ... οὐσα V.

360 The Propontis.

361 Sallust was a native of Gaul.

362 These are regular epithets of Zeus.

363 Theocritus 7. 57.

364 _Odyssey_ 24. 402; and 10. 562.

365 Themistius 260 C, 345 C.

366 245 D.

367 33, 295 B.

368 Vol. 5, p. 742.

369 Libanius _Epistle_ 1061 mentions an Oration by Themistius in praise
of Julian, but this is not extant.

370 διαιτημάτων Naber, διηγημάτων Hertlein, MSS.

371 The Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

372 Apparently an echo of Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 1. 9, Arnim.

373 Euripides, _Orestes_ 16.

374 γ᾽ ἂν Hertlein suggests, γοῦν MSS.

375 εὐφυῶς Reiske adds.

376 καὶ Γλαύκωνα ... λέγει· τὸν δὲ Wyttenbach, Γλαύκωνα δὲ ἐκεῖνον ὡς
Ξενοφῶν λέγει, καὶ τὸν Hertlein, MSS.

377 After λεγόμενον several words are lost.

378 λόγῳ Reiske, λόγοι Hertlein, MSS.

379 The Bosporus; Themistius was probably at Constantinople.

380 Epicurus; his advice was λαθὲ βιώσας.

381 Literally “from the βῆμα,” _i.e._ the stone on the Pnyx from which
the Athenian orator addressed the people.

382 _Memorabilia_ 3. 6. 1.

383 Alcibiades.

384 The Stoic philosopher.

385 Cf. Aristotle, _Nicomachean Ethics_ 1. 10. 6.

386 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 195B, note.

387 _Iliad_ 2. 25.

388 παρασκευῆς Hertlein would read, τῆς παρασκευῆς MSS.

389 θαυμασιώτερον MSS.; Hertlein following Cobet reads θαυμαστότερον but
in later Preface would restore MSS. reading.

390 Alexander.

391 θεῖον Hertlein suggests, θεὸν MSS.

392 _Laws_ 709B.

393 A play on words: διανομὴ and νόμος are both connected with νέμω =
“to distribute.”

394 _Laws_ 713‐714; Julian condenses and slightly alters the original.

395 Ἀθηνῶν Cobet, Ἀθηναίων Hertlein, MSS.

396 We know nothing more of the events here mentioned.

397 A proverb derived from _Iliad_ 6. 236, where Glaukos exchanges his
golden armour for the bronze armour of Diomede.

398 Aristophanes, _Wasps_ 1431.

399 ὡς Klimek, ὅς Hertlein, MSS.

400 τὸν τοιοῦτον εἶδος πολιτείας Hertlein suggests, cf. Aristotle
_Politics_ 3. 16, 1287 a, τὸ τοιοῦτον εἶδος MSS.

401 ὃς Hertlein would add.

402 Several words indicating the second point enumerated seem to have
been lost.

403 οἷόν Hertlein suggests, ὃ MSS.

404 A proverb; cf. “bringing coals to Newcastle.”

405 Aristotle, _Politics_ 3. 15. 1286B.

406 _Ibid_ 3. 16. 1287A.

407 Cf. Plato, _Theaetetus_ 153.

408 Before Solon’s measure to cancel debts was generally known, some of
his friends borrowed large sums, knowing that they would not have to
repay them.

409 Aristotle, _Politics_ 7. 3. 1325B.

410 _Odyssey_ 21. 26.

411 ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... τοὺς κυρίους Hertlein suggests, τοὺς ἐν τῷ
πράττειν ... κυρίους MSS.

412 πρότερος Hertlein suggests, πρότερον MSS.

413 The father of Socrates.

414 This school was founded by Phaedo in Elis and later was transferred
by Menedemus to Eretria.

415 The Megarian school founded by Euclid was finally absorbed by the
Cynics.

416 Simmias and Cebes were Pythagoreans; cf. Plato, _Phaedo_, where they
discuss with Socrates.

417 Alexander; Julian seems to be misquoting Plutarch, _Moralia_ 78 D.

418 Cf. _Caesars_ 326 B note.

419 A historian under Augustus.

420 The Platonic philosopher and astrologer, cf. Tacitus, _Annals_ 6.
21.

421 The Stoic philosopher exiled by Nero.

422 ἁπάσῃ μηχανῇ follows ὑμῶν in MSS.; Hertlein suggests present
reading.

423 τε Hertlein suggests, γε MSS.

424 Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 23.

425 Cf. _Caesars_ 323 B.

426 The first King of Media; reigned 709‐656 B.C.

427 A priest of Apollo whose story and date are uncertain.

428 A Scythian prince who visited Athens at the end of the sixth century
B.C.; cf. Cicero, _Tusculan Disputations_ 5. 32; Lucian,
_Anacharsis_.

429 The story is told in Plutarch, _Themistocles_.

430 Athene.

431 τὸν ἐμὸν Hertlein suggests, ἐμὸν MSS.

432 ἐξέδυσε Hertlein suggests, ἐρρύσατο οὐδὲ Cobet, ἐρρύσατο MSS.

433 Gallus.

434 Euripides, _Orestes_ 14, τί τἄρρητ᾽ ἀναμετρήσασθαί με δεῖ;

435 ἡμᾶς Hertlein, Reiske suggest, ὑμᾶς MSS.

436 ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Τράλλεσι φυγῆς Hertlein suggests, ἁπὸ τραλφυγῆς V, ἀπο
τρα φυγῆς Petavius.

437 διάγοντε Hertlein suggests, διαγαγόντες MSS.

438 The castle of Macellum.

439 Cf. Demosthenes, _Against Meidias_ 41.

440 Eusebius; cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 14. 11; 22. 3.

441 The sister of Gallus was the first wife of Constantius.

442 ἀκηκόατε Cobet, ἠκούσατ

443 δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS.

444 The title of Caesar.

445 Gaudentius.

446 A town in Illyricum.

447 For the account of this alleged conspiracy cf. Ammianus Marcellinus
15. 3.

448 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 48 C; 2. 98 C, D.

449 At Milan.

450 Milan.

451 Eusebius.

452 περιβλέπων ... σοβῶν Hertlein suggests, περιβλέποντες ... σοβοῦντες
MSS.

453 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 32 A. The origin of the proverb is obscure; cf.
Cicero, _Letter to Atticus_ 9. 13.

454 Mardonius.

455 ἐδεχόμην Naber, δὲ εἱλόμην Hertlein, MSS.

456 ὁμωρόφιος Cobet, ὁμορόφιος Hertlein, MSS.

457 ἔδειξεν Hertlein suggests, ἐπέδειξεν MSS.

458 τριακοστὸν Hertlein suggests, τριακοσιοστὸν MSS.

459 ἀφελῶς Cobet, ἀσφαλῶς Hertlein, MSS.

460 An echo of Plato, _Phaedo_ 62 C; cf. _Fragment of a Letter_ 297 A.

461 Cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 15. 8.

462 Oreibasius; cf. _Letter_ 17.

463 ὑπακούοντα Hertlein suggests, ὑπακούσοντα MSS.

464 355 A.D.

465 αὐτὸς MSS., Cobet, [αὐτὸς] Hertlein.

466 At Vienne.

467 Marcellus.

468 ὀλίγον Hertlein suggests, ὀλίγῳ MSS.

469 357 A.D.

470 Cologne.

471 Strasburg.

472 Chnodomar.

473 ἐπέστειλε πρός με τὸ αὐτὸ πράττειν Horkel, ἐπέστειλεν αὐτὸ πρός με,
πράττειν Hertlein, MSS.

474 δ᾽ after ἀφελόμενος Hertlein suggests.

475 Cf. Isocrates, _To Demonicus_ 14.

476 ἄσμενος

477 βλέπων ... κατανόησας Horkel, κατανόησας ... βλέπων Hertlein, MSS.

478 γραμματεῖον Horkel adds, δέλτον Naber.

479 δή Hertlein would add.

480 Julian was at Paris.

481 Cf. Thucydides I, lxxvii. 2.

482 ὢν Cobet, τῶν Hertlein, MSS.

483 _Odyssey_ 3. 173.

ᾐτέομεν δὲ θεὸν φῆναι τέρας, αὐτὰρ ὅ γ᾽ ἡμῖν δεῖξε καὶ ἠνώγει.

484 _i.e._ the title of Augustus.

485 ἐπιθήσεσθαι Cobet, ἐπιθέσθαι Hertlein, MSS.

486 ὡς καίσαρι Hertlein suggests, καίσαρι MSS.

487 Athanasius says that Epictetus was bishop of Centumcellae; hence
Petavius suggests Κεντουμκελλῶν for τῶν Γαλλιῶν.

488 Bregentz, on Lake Constance.

489 Epictetus was bishop of Centumcellae (Civita Vecchia); see critical
note.

490 cf. “Write in dust” or “write in water.”

491 Demosthenes, _Olynthiac_ 1. 27.

492 αἰδέσονται Cobet, εἴσονται Hertlein, MSS.

493 p. 256 C, between τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον and καὶ πεποιήκασι.

494 The beginning is lost: Julian has apparently been describing the
functions of good demons, and now passes on to the demons whose task
is to punish evil‐doers; cf. _Oration_ 2. 90 B.

495 ἀξιοῖμεν Hertlein suggests, ἀξιοῦμεν MSS.

496 παρὰ θεῶν Hertlein suggests, παρ᾽ αὐτῶν MSS.

497 _Genesis_ 3. 21.

498 Pindar, _Olympian Ode_ 7. 49; this became a Sophistic commonplace.
Cf. Menander (Spengel) 3. 362; Aristides 1. 807; Libanius 31. 6,
Foerster; Philostratus, *Imagines* 2. 270.

499 πονηροῖς Hertlein suggests, πολεμίοις MSS.

500 _Odyssey_ 6. 207.

501 ὑποστῆσαι Reiske would add.

502 ἐθῶν Hertlein suggests, ἀγαθῶν Petavius, ἠθῶν MSS.

503 τέκνα Hertlein would add.

504 φυτευσάντων τῶν Hertlein suggests, νευσάντων MSS.

505 The connection of the thought is not clear, and Petavius thinks that
something has been lost.

506 Julian here prefers the Platonic account of the creation in the
_Timaeus_ to the Biblical narrative.

507 σωματικῶς Petavius, Hertlein approves, σωματικὰς MSS.

508 ἕτερον Hertlein suggests, δεύτερον Reiske, τρίτον MSS.

509 cf. St. Paul, _Acts_ 17. 25, “neither is he worshipped with men’s
hands, as though he needed anything.”

510 Of Syracuse, whose claim to be immortal was accepted by the
Sicilians.

511 Agamemnon; _Iliad_ 1. 23.

512 καὶ—ποιήσει Hertlein suggests, lacuna MSS.

513 ἀγαπῶμεν Hertlein suggests, ἀγαπήσομεν MSS.

514 ἐξελέγξῃ Hertlein suggests, ἐξελέγχῃ MSS.

515 cf. Plato, _Phaedo_ 62 C; _Letter to the Athenians_ 276 B.

516 Apollo.

517 An oracle from an unknown source: these verses occur again in
_Epistle_ 62. 451 A.

518 _Sc._ I will protect.

519 Euripides, _fr._ 488 Nauck; cf. 197 C, 358 D, 387 B, 391 this phrase
became a proverb; cf. Lucian, _Hermotimus_ 789.

520 ἀχλυόεντος Hertlein suggests; ἀχλυόεσσαν MSS.

521 An oracle from an unknown source.

522 θέα Brambs, MSS., θεῷ Reiske, Cobet, Hertlein.

523 πῶς Hertlein suggests, πάντως MSS.

524 ὥσπερ Hertlein suggests, ὅπερ MSS.

525 Hipponax of Ephesus, a scurrilous poet who wrote in choliambics (the
skazon) and flourished about the middle of the sixth century B.C.;
cf. Horace, _Epodes_ 6. 12.

526 γε Hertlein suggests, τε MSS.

527 τῷ Wright, ὡς Hertlein, MSS. The meaning is not clear and Petavius
suspects corruption.

528 τῷ Hertlein suggests, ὡς MSS.

529 κατὰ τῆς συμφορᾶς Hertlein suggests, καὶ τὰς συμφορὰς MSS.

530 ὡς καὶ Hertlein would add.

531 ἡμᾶς—σωφρονεῖν Cobet suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

532 εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, εἴπερ ἐκ τούτου MSS.

533 ἔν ἄλλοις Cobet would add; cf. 298 A.

534 Cf. Aeschylus, _Seven Against Thebes_; Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 1118.

ὁ μάντις Ἀμφιάραος οὐ σημεῖ᾽ ἔχων
ὑβρισμέν᾽, ἀλλὰ σωφρόνως ἄσημ᾽ ὅπλα.

535 ἐχέτω Petavius suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

536 εὐδοκιμοῦντος Hertlein suggests, καλλίστου δοκοῦντος Reiske,
δοκοῦντος MSS.

537 γὰρ Hertlein would add.

538 The conclusion is lost, and may have been suppressed by Christian
copyists.

539 cf. _Oration_ 4. 157 C.

540 306 A.

541 Better known by its Latin name Saturnalia. Saturn is the Greek
Kronos.

542 φασί Cobet, lacuna V., Hertlein, ἐπιδείξει MSS.

543 _i.e._ not a fable with a moral nor an animal fable.

544 αὐτοὺς Hertlein suspects to be an interpolation.

545 Cf. Plato, _Phaedrus_ 247 B.

546 _Odyssey_ 6. 42.

547 ἐκαθεζέσθην Hertlein suggests, ἐκαθέζετον V., ἐκαθεζέτην MSS.

548 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 149 B, 154 D.

549 Cf. Martial 8. 51. 5: “Vera minus flavo radiant electra metallo”; it
is often uncertain whether electron means amber, or a combination of
4/5 gold and 1/5 silver.

550 χαριτοδότην Spanheim, cf. 148 D, χαριδότην Hertlein, MSS.

551 This is not in our Homer, but Julian may have in mind _Iliad_ 11.
76.

552 συνεκεκρότητο Hertlein suggests, συνεκροτεῖτο MSS.

553 ἀπαντώντων Spanheim, πάντων Hertlein, MSS.

554 Silenus is usually represented as bald.

555 Suetonius, _Augustus_ 16.

556 The Stoic philosopher.

557 Julian probably alludes to the influence on Augustus of Athenodorus
the Stoic.

558 A deity among the Thracians, who according to one tradition had been
a slave of Pythagoras; cf. Herodotus 4. 94; Plato, _Charmides_ 156
D; Julian 8. 244 A.

559 Cf. Plato, _Gorgias_ 525 D, E; _Republic_ 611 C; Tacitus, _Annals_
6. 6; Lucian, _Cataplus_ 27.

560 _Odyssey_ 16. 181; there is a play on the word πάροιθεν which means
also “in front.”

561 Δήμου Cobet, δήμου Hertlein, MSS., Δημοσθένους Spanheim.

562 _i.e._ Seleucus; cf. Suetonius, _Tiberius_ 56, 70.

563 Suetonius, _Tiberius_ 60.

564 Caligula.

565 _Knights_ 1111 foll.

566 Their riches were proverbial, cf. Juvenal 1. 109; 14. 32.

567 Tacitus, _Annals_ 11. 12; Juvenal 10. 330 foll.

568 τὸ σμῆνος Hertlein suggests, τὸν δῆμον MSS.

569 An allusion partly to the smoke of civil war, partly to the burning
of the temple of Jupiter Capitoline under Vitellius; the temple was
restored by Vespasian; Tacitus, _Annals_ 4. 81.

570 Titus.

571 Domitian.

572 Phalaris of Agrigentum.

573 Nerva.

574 ἵστασθαι Cobet, ἵπτασθαι Hertlein, MSS.

575 Hadrian.

576 Antoninus Pius.

577 A proverb for niggardliness; cf. Theocritus 10. 50.

578 Verus was the family name of Marcus Aurelius.

579 Lucius Verus.

580 Commodus.

581 Faustina.

582 καὶ before κολαστικός Hertlein suggests.

583 παιδάρια Cobet, MSS., παιδαρίδια Hertlein, V., m.

584 εἶπεν Hertlein suggests, ἐπεῖπεν MSS.

585 Geta.

586 Caracalla.

587 Heliogabalus; cf. _Oration_ 4. 150 D, note.

588 Alexander Severus was assassinated in 235 A.D.

589 Mammaea.

590 Valerian died in captivity among the Persians.

591 Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 120.

592 Slightly altered from _Iliad_ 2. 872.

593 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 6 D.

594 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 155 B.

595 An oracular verse ascribed to Rhadamanthus by Aristotle, _Nic.
Ethics_ 5. 5. 3; attributed to Hesiod, _Fragments_ 150 Goettling; it
became a proverb.

596 Plato, _Laws_ 659 E; a rhetorical commonplace; Themistius 63 B.

597 Cf. Plato, _Symposium_ 215; cf. Julian, _Oration_ 6. 187 A.

598 A reference to the oracle of Apollo which declared that Socrates was
the wisest man of his times.

599 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 7 A, B.

600 _i.e._ the two Maximians, the colleagues of Diocletian.

601 Constantine II, Constans and Constantius.

602 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 31, 33 foll.

603 ἑνός εἰσιν ἀντάξιοι Naber, ἑνὸς ὦσιν οὐκ ἀντάξιοι Hertlein, MSS.; V
omits οὐκ.

604 Caracalla.

605 Cf. Plato, _Laws_ 730 D; Julian, _Misopogon_ 353 D.

606 ἐκροφήσουσι Hertlein suggests, ἐκροφήσωσι MSS.

607 ἀφελοῦνται Hertlein suggests, ἀφέλωνται MSS.

608 Marcus Aurelius.

609 A reference to the water‐clock, _clepsydra_.

610 In this doggerel made up of tags of anapaestic verse, Julian
reproduces in the first five and last two verses the proclamation
made at the Olympic games. The first three verses occur in Lucian,
_Demonax_ 65.

611 πλεῖν Cobet, πλέον Hertlein, MSS.

612 ἐπῆλθε Hertlein suggests, περιῆλθε Cobet, παρῆλθε MSS.

613 οὔτι ταὐτὸν Hertlein suggests, τί τοσοῦτον MSS.

614 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 8 C.

615 Darius III.

616 Cf. _Oration_ 2. 56 C.

617 The “inner” sea was the Mediterranean.

618 Caesar, _De Bello Gallico_ 4. 25, ascribes this to the standard‐
bearer of the tenth legion.

619 γεγονὼς Petavius, Naber, γέγονας Hertlein, MSS.

620 τῇ νίκῃ before νικῶν Hertlein suggests; cf. _Oration_ 1. 59 D.

621 At Gades, on seeing a statue of Alexander; cf. Suetonius, _Julius
Caesar_ 7.

622 Led by Spartacus 73‐71 B.C.; Appian, _Civil Wars_ I. 116‐120.

623 Lucius Gellius; Plutarch, _Crassus_.

624 Licinius Lucullus the conqueror of Mithridates.

625 Caius Marius the rival of Sulla.

626 Furius Camillus repulsed the Gauls 390 B.C.; cf. _Oration_ 1. 29 D.

627 Cf. _Letter to Themistius_, 267 B.

628 A proverb for effeminacy; cf. Plutarch, _Pompeius_ 48; Juvenal 9.
133, _qui digito scalpunt uno caput_; Lucian, _The Rhetorician’s
Guide_ 11.

629 At Dyrrhachium; Plutarch, _Julius Caesar_.

630 An echo of Plutarch, _Apophthegmata_ 206 D.

631 Ἀντώνιος Cobet rejects, since Julian prefers to substitute
descriptive phrases for names.

632 ὅμως Cobet, ὅμως δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

633 Heracles.

634 τὸν Hertlein would add.

635 ἀποδεδειγμένα Cobet, ἀποδεδομένα Hertlein, MSS.

636 ἡσυχάζειν Reiske adds.

637 Suetonius, _Augustus_ 16; during the campaign against Pompey when
the fleet of Augustus was lost in a storm, he swore that he would
win in spite of Neptune.

638 Augustus was Julius Caesar’s nephew, and his son only by adoption.

639 A Stoic philosopher; cf. pseudo‐Lucian, _Long Lives_ 21. 23;
Suetonius, _Augustus_; Dio Chrysostom 33. 48.

640 _Letter_ 51. 434 A; _Letter to Themistius_ 265 C; Themistius 63 D.

641 ἄλλοι Reiske adds.

642 ἐμαυτοῦ Hertlein suggests, ἐμοῦ MSS.

643 ἔκγονον Wright, ἔγγονον Hertlein, MSS.

644 Cf. 309 C, _Oration_ 8. 244 A and note.

645 For this idiom cf. Milton, _Paradise Lost_ 4. 324.

“Adam the goodliest of men since born
His sons, the fairest of her daughters Eve.”

646 Euripides, _fr._ 417 Nauck.

647 ἀσθενῆ Sylburg adds.

648 After ἐτετελέκει Cobet suspects that several words are lost.

649 νίκης Cobet, MSS, δίκης Hertlein, V, M.

650 Maxentius.

651 Licinius.

652 A proverb for whatever perishes quickly; cf. Theocritus 15. Frazer,
_Attis, Adonis and Osiris_, p. 194.

653 οὐ κρίνειν ἐκ Hertlein suggests, οὐκ ἐκ MSS.

654 At the storming of the capital of the Mallians, probably the modern
city Multan, in 326 B.C., cf. Plutarch, _Alexander_; Lucian,
_Dialogues of the Dead_ 14.

655 Peucestes was wounded but saved Alexander’s life; Pliny 34. 8.

656 _Andromache_ 693 foll.: the passage continues “Tis not those who did
the work that gain the credit but the general wins all the glory.”
Cleitus was killed by Alexander at a banquet for quoting these
verses.

657 τὸν Κλεῖτον ἔδρασεν ἐργάσηται MSS.; Hertlein suggests omission of
ἔδρασεν.

658 μήτε εἶναι μήτε νομίζεσθαι Hertlein suggests, εἶναι μήτε νομίζεσθαι
MSS.

659 εἰπέ Hertlein suggests; cf. 333 D, εἶπε MSS.

660 οὔτοι V, Cobet, οὔτι Hertlein.

661 This is not according to history. The Senate gave Brutus and Cassius
proconsular power in their provinces.

662 Tyrant of Syracuse 405‐367 B.C.

663 Tyrant of Syracuse 317‐289 B.C.

664 Caius Caesar.

665 Julian refers to the custom of deifying the Emperors.

666 μὲν οὖν Hertlein suggests, οὖν MSS. καὶ before σὺ Cobet adds.

667 εἰπέ Hertlein suggests, cf. 331 D, εἶπε MSS.

668 διαπορήσας Reiske suggests to complete the construction.

669 Simonides _fr._ 5 Bergk.

670 Plato, _Protagoras_ 339 E ὥσπερ ὑπὸ ἀγαθοῦ πύκτου πληγείς.

671 _Iliad_ 9. 343.

672 A paraphrase of _Iliad_ 5. 897.

673 ζῶν Cobet, ἄγων Reiske, ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.

674 _Iliad_ 3. 55.

675 Kronos.

676 Introduction to Volume I. p. vii.

677 Constantius Chlorus.

678 cf. Libanius, _Oration_ 29. 220, where he warns the people of
Antioch that Caesarea had already robbed them of one sophist by the
offer of a higher salary, and exhorts them not to neglect rhetoric,
the cause of their greatness.

679 "The Discourse at Antioch" is an alternative title in the MSS.

680 In the seventh century B.C. Alcaeus of Lesbos and Archilochus both
suffered exile, and the latter fell in battle against Naxos. For the
misfortunes of Alcaeus, cf. Horace, _Odes_ 2. 13.

681 For Ismenias of Thebes cf. Plutarch, _Pericles_. The saying became a
proverb; cf. Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 78. 420; Themistius 366 B;
Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, “I have lived _mihi et Musis_ in
the University.”

682 συγκαταφαγὼν Cobet, καὶ συγκαταφαγὼν Hertlein, MSS.

683 Daphnis is the hero of bucolic poetry; Julian echoes Theocritus 12.
32 ὃς δέ κε προσμάξῃ γλυκερώτερα χείλεσι χείλη.

684 _Odyssey_ 22. 151; cf. Zonaras 13. 12. 213, Dindorf.

685 Κικέρωνι Naber, cf. Plutarch, _Cicero_, Κίμωνι Hertlein, MSS.

686 εἰ Reiske, ἃ Hertlein, MSS.

687 ὑμῖν καὶ Reiske, μὲν Hertlein, MSS.

688 cf. Plutarch, _Cicero_, who says that Cicero had a wart on his nose.

689 _i.e._ the altar of Dionysus which was set up in the orchestra.

690 ἀναμιμνήσκεσθε—φρενῶν Hertlein writes as prose; Brambs identified as
a fragment of Cratinus.

691 Cratinus, _Eunidae_ _fr._ 1; cf. Synesius, _Epistle_ 129; Julian
refers to Constantius, whom the people of Antioch now compare with
him.

692 Constantius.

693 Count Julian who had been Governor of Antioch. cf. _Letter_ 13.

694 Gallus his half‐brother.

695 ὀλιγιστάκις Hertlein suggests, ὀλιγάκις MSS.

696 περιλαμβάνει Cobet, καταλαμβάνει Hertlein, MSS.

697 εἰσιν οἳ Cobet, τινές εἰσιν οἳ Hertlein, MSS.

698 τὸν—κρύσταλλα Hertlein suggests, ᾧ ἐῴικει μάλιστα τοῦ λευκοῦ τούτου
τὰ κρύσταλλα, MSS.

699 ὑπογαίοις Naber, cf. Pliny _Ep._ 2. 17; ὑπὸ ταῖς Hertlein, MSS.

700 cf. _Oration_ 3. 113 C, note. Cobet thinks that the verse in
Menander, _Duskolos_ was αὐτὸς δ᾽ ἐμαυτῷ προστίθημι τοὺς πόνους.

701 For Solon’s visit to Croesus at Sardis cf. Herodotus 1. 29.

702 _Odyssey_ 8. 249.

703 _i.e._ bringing false accusations, which was the trade of the
sycophant or blackmailer.

704 Apollo who was worshipped at Daphne near Antioch.

705 _Iliad_ 7. 195

τόφρ᾽ ὑμεῖς εὔχεσθε Διί Κρονίωνι, ἄνακτι σιγῇ ἐφ᾽ ὑμείων, ἵνα μὴ
Τρῶές γε πύθωνται.

706 _Odyssey_ 22. 411.

707 _Iliad_ 6. 301.

708 ὁρμῇ μιᾷ Naber, ὁρώμενόν Hertlein, MSS.

709 μόνον θεούς Hertlein suggests, θεούς MSS.

710 τοῖς ὧν Naber, ὧν Hertlein, MSS.

711 _Odyssey_ 5. 12.

712 The phrase δρῦς καὶ πέτρα, literally, “the oak tree and the rock”
became a proverb for something hackneyed; cf. Hesiod, _Theogony_ 35,
ἀλλὰ τίη μοι ταῦτα περὶ δρῦν ἢ περὶ πέτρην;

713 The Christians invaded the shrine of Apollo at Daphne and the
priests of Apollo abandoned it to them. Julian destroyed the
Christian Church there and restored the worship of Apollo.

714 Literally the “day not to be mentioned,” _i.e._ “unholy day,”
_nefastus dies_, on which business was suspended.

715 πεπόλισται Cobet, Hertlein approves, πεποίητα

716 τὰ Hertlein suggests, τὸ MSS.

717 _i.e._ Antiochus.

718 cf. Plutarch, _Demetrius_.

719 _i.e._ Erasistratus.

720 The phrase occurs in Hesiod, _Works and Days_ 66, but not in Homer.

721 Stratonice.

722 In Plutarch’s version Antiochus married Stratonice during his
father’s lifetime.

723 ἐπώνυμον Hertlein suggests, ὁμώνυμον MSS.

724 _Iliad_ 24. 261.

725 _Odyssey_ 19. 396.

726 σε ὅτι—δεῖ Cobet, σε—δεῖν Hertlein, MSS.

727 αὐτοὺς Reiske, αὐτοῖς Hertlein, MSS.

728 Smicrines is a typical name in New Comedy for an avaricious old man;
Thrasyleon is said to have been used by Menander as the name of a
boasting soldier, “miles gloriosus.”

729 Theognis 215 foll. advises men to imitate the adaptability of the
polypus.

730 Mykonos was an island in the Cyclades whose inhabitants were
proverbial for poverty and greed.

731 The cordax was a lascivious dance.

732 Plato, _Republic_ 372 E.

733 The suitors of Penelope lived on pork and mutton.

734 Literally “pulse.”

735 Aristophanes, _Acharnians_ 180 uses these words to describe the
older, more robust generation of Athenians.

736 Xenophon, _Symposium_ 4. 28.

737 _i.e._ before he had been appointed Caesar.

738 cf. 352 C.

739 The chariot race in _Iliad_ 23.

740 The citharode played and sang to the lyre: Phemius was at the court
of Odysseus in Ithaca; Demodocus in Phaeacia.

741 Odysseus thus refers to Nausicaa in _Odyssey_ 6. 162.

742 _i.e._ Mardonius; it was a Sophistic mannerism to use such a
periphrasis instead of giving the name directly; see vol. i.
_Introduction_, p. xi.

743 Constantius was under the influence of the powerful eunuchs of his
court; they had been expelled by Julian, but Mardonius was an
exception to his class.

744 Basilina.

745 Athene.

746 πᾶσιν ἄδειαν Cobet, πᾶσι πᾶσαν ἄδειαν Hertlein, MSS.

747 Plato, _Laws_ 730 D.

748 ἐπονειδιστότατον Hertlein suggests, ἐπονείδιστον MSS.

749 Julian refers to Libanius the famous rhetorician; with him were also
Maximus of Ephesus, Priscus, Himerius and Oreibasius the physician.

750 ἀκούσῃς Hertlein suggests, ἀκούσαις MSS.

751 ἀρξαμένοις before πρῶτον Hertlein suggests, Klimek ἀποστᾶσι τῆς for
ἀπὸ τῆς.

752 In 272 B.C. the Romans took Tarentum.

753 The people of Antioch ridiculed the Pagan symbols, such as the
figures of Helios, the sun‐god, which Julian had engraved on his
coinage.

754 There was a statue of Calliope in the market‐place at Antioch.

755 The people of Emesa burned the Christian churches and spared only
one, which they converted into a temple of Dionysus.

756 A proverb to express complete indifference.

757 ἐκ βίβλων πολλῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν MSS.

758 The anecdote which follows is told by Plutarch in his _Cato the
Younger_ and also in his _Pompeius_.

759 Julian must have known that in Cato’s day the Romans never wore
beards.

760 cf. _Fragment of a Letter_ 299 C, note.

761 Plutarch.

762 ἐπιτηδείων—οἰομένοις—εὐδαιμονεστάτοις Hertlein suggests, ἐπιτηδείῳ
δήμοις ἐντυγχάνειν καὶ ὑπὸ τρυφῆς εὐδαιμονεστάτῳ MSS.

763 cf. Caesar, _Gallic War_, 6. 24.

764 ἐπιδείκνυσθαι Hertlein would add.

765 We do not know what sort of performance was given by a cotylist; he
was evidently a mime and may have played with cups; κοτύλη = a pint‐
cup.

766 _i.e._ may they have two such rulers as Constantius.

767 _i.e._ the sepulchres over which the Christian churches were built;
cf. 357 C, note.

768 ἐνεῖσαν Hertlein suggests, ἔδειξαν MSS.

769 Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, had been buried in the grove of Daphne,
and the priests of Apollo retired from it. When the church over his
tomb was demolished by Julian he removed the body of St. Babylas to
Antioch, and that night (October 22. 362 A.D.) the people of Antioch
burned the temple of Apollo which Julian had restored. Cf. Johannes
Chrysostomos, _De S. Babyla et contra Julianum_; and Libanius,
_Monody on the Temple of Apollo at Daphne_.

770 Kasios was the name of a mountain near Antioch where there was a
temple of Zeus.

771 μίαν ὄρνιν Hertlein suggests, ὄρνιν MSS.

772 ἕνα γε Hertlein suggests, ἕνα MSS.

773 μὲν οὖν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS.

774 cf. Themistius 332 D.

775 Julian probably alludes to the riot which took place at Antioch on
account of the famine in 354, when the populace killed Theophilus
the Governor and were punished for the murder by Constantius.

776 τῆς πόλεως Hertlein suggests, τὴν πόλι

777 Demosthenes, _Against Meidias_ 153 ἀποκναίει γὰρ ἀηδίᾳ καὶ
ἀναισθησίᾳ.

778 ἀλλὰ καὶ Reiske would add.

779 προστασία is sometimes used of the Imperial protection of a
municipal guild, and that may be Julian’s meaning here.

780 _Iliad_ 2. 542.

781 Julian, Count of the East.

782 Anacreon _fr._ 77, Bergk.

783 ἢ καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ MSS.

784 cf. _Oration_ 7. 204 B.

785 The Senatorship was an expensive burden.

786 οὐκ ἐπὶ—μέτρων Hertlein suggests, οὐ κατὰ—μέτρα MSS.

787 The modius was a bushel measure.

788 This does not occur in Hesiod or Pindar.

789 A phrase from an unknown oracular source.

790 The avenging goddess who is more familiarly known as Nemesis.

791 In 354 A.D. there was a riot at Antioch in consequence of scarcity
of food; Constantius sent troops to punish the citizens for the
murder of Theophilus the Governor of Syria.

792 cf. 340 A, 365 C.