Chapter XVIII: Part 18

Jamieson, T. F., on Glenroy, 454.
Jarrow Colliery, 139.
Java, Volcanic Mountains of, 67, 69.
„ Valley of Poison, 64.
_Jaw and Tooth of Megalosaurus_, 291.
„ _of Phascolotherium_, 245.
„ _of Thylacotherium_, 245.
Jet, 274.
Juglandites elegans, 283.
Jukes, J. B., on Devonian and Old Red Sandstone, 129.
Jura Mountains, 243, 273.
Jurassic Limestone, 243.
„ Distribution of, 272.
„ Reptiles of, 220.
„ Plants of the, 238.
„ Series, Distinguishing Features of, 215.

Kangaroo, 245.
Kea, Mauna, 61, 69.
Kellaways Rock, 264.
Kent’s Hole, 380, 472.
Kentish Rag, 287.
Keuper, 199, 293.
„ Rock Salt in, 199, 204.
Kilauea, Volcano of, 56.
„ Eruption of, 69.
„ Crater of, 56, 59.
Kimeridge Clay, 19, 243, 266, 269.
King, Prof., on Permian System, 174.
Kirkdale Cave, 380, 398, 429.
Kjökken-Mödden, 477.
Koessen Beds, 208.
Kupfer Schiefer, 170.

Labradorite, 44.
Labyrinthodon, 190.
„ _pachygnathus_, 12.
_Labyrinthodon restored_, 193.
La Coupe d’Ayzac, Crater of, 45.
Lacunosus laciniatus, 184.
Lacustrine Habitations, 472.
Ladies’ Fingers, 216.
Lake Dwellings, 472.
Lamellibranchs, 266.
Landscape Stone, 208.
Land-turtles, 190.
Laplace’s Theory of the Earth, 17, 80.
Lasmocyathus, 146.
Laurentian Formation in Britain, 10, 79.
„ Gneiss, 74.
Lava Formations, 39, 51, 59.
„ Streams of, 59.
Lecoq, on Triassic Vegetation, 194.
„ Keuper Flora, 202.
„ Cretaceous Flora, 282.
„ Tertiary Flora, 316.
„ Flora of Miocene Period, 336.
„ the Vegetation of Pliocene Period, 357.
Leibnitz’ Fossil Unicorn, 386.
Lepidodendra, 134, 138, 157, 173.
Lepidodendron carinatum, 134, 138.
„ _elegans_, 140.
„ _Sternbergii_, 139, 141.
„ _Sternbergii restored_, 142.
Lepidoptera, 255.
_Lepidostrobus variabilis_, 140.
Lepidotus, 266, 272.
„ gigas, 217.
Leptæna Murchisoni, 127.
_Le Puy, Chain of_, 51.
Lias, The, 211;
„ Lower, Upper, and Middle, 212.
Liassic Period, 211, 217.
„ Fauna, 213.
„ Flora, 239.
Libellula, 243.
Licorn Fossil, 386.
Life, First Appearance of, 99.
„ Abundance of, in Upper Silurian Times, 104.
Lignite, 337, 354.
Lima gigantea, 212.
„ striata, 189.
„ proboseilea, 246.
Limestone, 212.
„ of La Beauce, 355.
„ of Solenhofen, 243, 273.
„ Metamorphism of, 73, 75.
Limnæa, 272, 334.
Lingula, 107.
„ Credneri, 175.
„ Flags, 101, 107.
Lions with Curly Manes, 184.
Lipari Isles, 55, 68.
Lithographic Limestone of Solenhofen, 343.
_Lithostrotion_, 181.
„ _basaltiforme_, 145.
_Lituites cornu-arietis_, 108.
Lizard of the Meuse, 305.
Llanberis Slates, 101.
Llandeilo Flags, 109.
Llandovery Rocks, 107.
Loa, Mauna, 55.
_Locarno, Fissures of_, 57, 58.
Logan, Sir W., on Laurentian Gneiss of Canada, 10, 74.
Logan, Sir W., on Underclay of Coal Measures, 161.
Lomatophloyos crassicaule, 134, 138.
_Lonchopteris Bricii_, 134, 144.
London Clay, Flora of, 331.
Longmynd Hills, 101.
_Lonsdalea floriformis_, 145.
Lophiodon, 325, 333.
Lower Cretaceous Period, 286, 297.
„ Keuper Sandstone, 186, 204.
„ Neocomian, 297.
„ Lias, 212.
„ Silurian Rocks, 104.
„ Oolite Fauna, 244.
„ Oolite Rocks, 249.
„ Greensand, 281, 287.
Lucerne, The Giant of, 385.
Ludlow Bone-beds, 112.
„ Rocks, 111.
_Lupea pelagica_, 354.
Lycopodiaceæ, 134, 151.
Lycopods, 123, 134.
Lyell, Sir Charles, on Formation of Granite, 33, 36.
Lyell, Sir Charles, on the Upper Cretaceous Flora, 300.
Lyme Regis, 219, 225.

Machairodus, 379.
„ _Tooth of_, 380.
Macrorhynchus, 265, 272.
Madrepores, 266.
Maestricht Quarries, 285.
„ Animal of, 302.
„ Beds, 303, 304, 309.
Magnesian Limestone, 170, 178.
Magnetism, Terrestrial, Evan Hopkins on, 22.
Malvern Hills, Dr. Holl on, 78.
Mammals, First Appearance of, 207, 244.
„ of Pliocene Period, 358.
Mammaliferous Crag, 372.
Mammiferous Didelphæ, 245.
Mammoth, 347.
„ of Ohio, 347.
„ of the Unstrut, 386.
„ Origin of Name, 388.
„ Siberian Accounts of, 387-395.
„ _restored_, 395.
„ _Skeleton of the_, 383, 394.
„ Teeth and Tusks of, 342.
„ Tooth of the, 384.
Man and Animals Compared, 465.
„ First Appearance of, 382.
„ Antiquity of, considered, 478.
„ Age of St. Acheul Beds, 479.
„ Morlot’s Calculation, 479.
Mantell’s, Dr., Discoveries, 290.
Marble, 74.
„ Carrara, 73, 76.
„ Cipoline, 76.
„ of France, 76.
Marbre de Flandres and M. de petit Granit, 150.
Mare’s-tail, 134.
Marl, 199.
Marl-slate, 160.
Marlstone of the Lias, 212.
Marsupial Mammals, 207, 245, 250, 263.
Martins, C., on Glaciers, 462.
Mastodon, 341, 356, 360.
„ its Discovery, 342.
„ Opinions of Naturalists, 343.
„ Difference from Mammoth, 341.
„ Molar Tooth of, 346.
„ Arvernensis, 372.
„ angustidens, 347.
„ _restored_, 345.
„ _Skeleton of_, 344.
„ _Skeleton of the Turin_, 359.
„ _Teeth of_, 341, 342.
Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, 56, 69.
Mazuyer’s Pretended Discovery, 348.
_Meandrina Dædalæa_, 251.
Mechanical Theory of the Earth, 15.
Megaceros Hibernicus, 184, 400.
Megalonyx, 371, 382, 400, 411.
Megalosaurus, 291.
„ _Jaw of_, 291.
„ _Tooth of_, 291, 380.
Megalichthys, 154.
Megatherium, 382, 401, 418.
„ _Pelvis of_, 407.
„ _Restored_, 409.
„ _Skeleton of_, 403.
„ „ _foreshortened_, 406.
Megatheroid Animals, Habits of, 413.
Mendip Hills, Denudation of, 28.
Mesopithecus, 339, 350.
„ _restored_, 349.
„ _Skeleton of_, 349.
_Metallic veins_, 91.
Metamorphic Rocks, 4, 71.
Metamorphism, Special and General, 65, 71, 74.
„ Action of, on Limestone, 71, 72, 75.
„ of Combustible Materials, 14, 72.
„ of Argillaceous Beds, 73.
„ Cause of, 78.
_Meudon Chalk under Microscope_, 277.
Mexican Deluge, 485.
Mezen, Le, Peak of, 44.
Mica, Composition of, 96.
Mica-schist, 77, 377.
Microdon, 266.
Microlestes, 207.
„ Discovery of teeth of by Mr. C. Moore, 208.
Middle Lias, 212.
„ Oolite, 255.
Miliola, 329.
Millepora alcicornis, 240.
Miller, Hugh, How he became a Geologist, 10.
„ First Lesson in Geology, 124.
Milliolites, 333.
Mimosa, 318.
Mineral Masses composing the Earth’s Crust, 27.
Mines, Greatest Depths of, 88.
Miocene, Meaning of, 314.
Miocene Period, 336.
„ Vegetation, 336, 339, 353, 381.
„ Fauna, 339, 350.
„ Volcanoes of, 51.
„ Foraminifera, 356.
„ Rocks of Greece, 339.
Moel Tryfaen, 459.
_Molar Teeth of Mastodon_, 346.
Molasse, or Soft Clay, 338, 355.
Mollusca, 245.
„ of Pliocene, 371.
„ of Eocene, 319.
„ of Miocene, 350.
„ of Crag, 373.
„ Gasteropodous, 266.
_Monitor Niloticus_, 305.
Monocotyledons, 151, 266.
Montmartre, Gypseous Series of, 333.
„ Cuvier on Fossils of, 7.
Mont Dore, 40, 43.
Moraines, 444.
Moro, Lazzaro, 6.
Mortillet on Glaciers, 449.
Mosaic Account of Creation, 24.
Mosasaurus, 285, 302, 305.
„ _Camperi_, 306.
Mosses, 336.
Moulin-Quignon, Chalk Beds of, 476.
_Mount Ararat_, 480.
„ Hecla, 67.
„ Idienne, 64.
„ Sion, 449.
Mountain Limestone, 149.
Mountains, First Appearance of, 90.
„ Chains, Formation of, 28.
Mud Volcanoes, 59.
„ of Italy, 60, 63.
Murchison, Sir R. I., Founder of Silurian System, 10, 102.
_Murex Turonensis_, 350.
Muschelkalk, 185, 188.
Mussels, 189.
Mylodon, 382, 400, 410, 413, 418.
„ _Lower Jaw of_, 412.
„ _restored_, 411.
Mytilus, 189.

Nabenstein, Cavern of, 432.
Naïdaceæ, 266.
Nantwich Salt-works, 204.
Nasal Horn of Iguanodon, 292.
Natica, 189.
Nautilus, 215.
Nebular Theory of the Earth, 15.
Nenuphar, 316.
Neocomian Beds, 287, 297.
„ „ of France, 286, 287.
„ Formation, 286.
„ Fauna of, 287.
Neptunian Rocks, 30.
„ Theory, 6.
Nereites Cambriensis, 108.
Neuroptera, 250.
Neuropteris elegans, 194.
„ _gigantea_, 143, 176.
New Red Marl, 186.
„ Period, 185.
„ Sandstone, 185, 187.
„ Plants of, 193.
„ Colour of, 201.
„ Fauna of, 201.
New Zealand, Birds of, 184.
Newer Pliocene, 372.
„ „ of Alps, 377.
„ „ of Sicily, 374.
Nicol, Prof., on Ben Nevis, 90.
Nilssonia, 194, 239.
Nöggerathia, 177.
Norfolk Forest Bed, 372.
Northern Deluge, 424.
Norwich Crag, 372, 478.
Nothosaurus, 190, 196.
Nummulites, 313, 326, 333.
Nummulitic Formation, 334.
„ Limestone, 326.
Nympheaceæ, 315.

Odontaspis, 294.
_Odontopteris Brardii_, 144.
„ Cycades, 212.
Œchmodus Buchii, 217.
Œningen Formation, 338.
„ Limestone, 367.
_Ogygia Guettardi_, 107.
Old Red Sandstone, 119.
„ „ Colour of, 120.
„ „ Period, Vegetation of, 120.
„ „ Fishes of, 124.
„ „ Rocks of, 128.
„ „ Conglomerate of, 129.
Older Pliocene, 372.
Oldhamia, 101.
Oldhaven Beds, 331.
Olivine, 44.
Oolite, 243, 272.
„ of Solenhofen, 273.
„ Upper, 243.
„ Lower, 243, 244.
„ Middle, 243.
„ Great, 243.
„ Conifers of, 249.
„ Rocks, 249.
Oolitic Fauna, 244.
„ Mollusca, 246.
„ Echinoderms, 247.
„ Insects, 255, 266.
„ Period, 243.
„ Flora of, 248, 249, 255, 266.
„ Mammals of, 255.
„ Reptiles of, 256.
„ Corals of, 247.
„ Zoophytes of, 247.
Ophiopsis, 246.
Opossum, 245.
Orgon Limestone, 297, 298, 299.
Ornithorhynchus, 223, 245.
Orthoceras, 141.
„ Disappearance of, 205.
„ _laterale_, 145.
Orthoceratites, 104.
Orthoclase, 33, 96, 418.
Orthopithecus, 418.
_Osmeroides Mantelli_, 294.
Ossiferous Beds of Sansan, 350.
„ Breccia, 2, 432.
Ostrea deltoidea, 269.
„ distorta, 272.
„ liassica, 207, 212.
„ _longirostris_, 350.
„ Marshii, 246.
„ virgula, 269.
_Otopteris acuminata_, 248.
„ _dubia_, 248.
„ _obtusa_, 248.
„ _cuneata_, 248.
Ovid a geologist, 6.
Owen, Prof., on Megatheroid Animals, 413.
„ on Plesiosaurus, 228.
Ox, 382, 399.
Oxford Clay, 243, 264.
Oysters, 175, 213.

Pachyderms, 312, 319, 418.
Pachypteris microphylla, 255.
Palæocoma Furstembergii, 213.
Palæoniscus, 175.
Palæontology, the Study of Ancient Life, 5.
Palæontology Defined, 14.
_Palæophognos Gesneri_, 421.
Palæotherium, 319.
„ _magnum and P. minimum, Skeletons of_, 322.
„ _Skull of_, 321.
Palæoxyris Münsteri, 202.
Palæozoic Fishes, 173.
Palissy, Bernard, on Fossils, 5.
Pallas on the Siberian Rhinoceros, 361.
„ on the Siberian Mammoth, 386.
Palmacites, 315.
Palms, 282.
„ absence of, in Pliocene Period, 358.
„ of Tertiary Epoch, 336.
„ of Cretaceous Period, 283, 297.
„ _Fossil, restored_, 284.
Paludina, 272.
Pampean Formation, 411.
Pandanaceæ, The, 249.
Pandanus, 255.
Pappenheim, Lithographic Stone of, 273.
_Paradoxides Bohemicus_, 100.
_Parallel Roads of Glenroy_, 456.
Parian Marble, 76.
Paris Basin, Sir C. Lyell on, 329.
Parkfield Colliery, 159.
_Patella vulgata_, 205.
_Peaks of the Cantal Chain_, 40.
Pear Encrinite, 250.
Peat-deposits and Shell-mounds, 472.
Pecopteris, 120, 202, 252, 315.
„ _lonchitica_, 143.
Pecten, 201, 272.
„ _Jacobæus_, 371.
„ _orbicularis_, 202.
„ Valoniensis, 207.
Penarth Beds, 186, 205, 207.
Pennine Chain, 115.
_Pentacrinites Briareus_, 183, 214.
Perched Blocks, 449.
Permian Flora, 174.
„ Rocks, 177, 186.
„ Ocean, 180.
„ Period, 15, 170.
„ Fauna and Flora of, 183.
_Perna Mulleti_, 288.
Phascolotherium, 245, 255.
Philadelphia Museum, 346.
Phillips, Prof. J., on Rate of Formation of Coal, 132.
Phillips, Prof. J., on Thickness of Carboniferous Limestone, 130.
Phonolite, 43.
_Physa fontinalis_, 266.
Phytosaurus, 190.
Pic de Sancy, 41, 43.
Pimpinellites zizioides, 337.
Pinites, 239.
Pisolitic Limestone, 311.
Pithecus antiquus, 339, 350, 356.
Placodus gigas, 189.
Planorbis, 266, 272, 334.
„ _corneus_, 488.
Plants, First Appearance of, 99.
„ _of Devonian Period_, 123.
„ _of the Palæozoic Epoch_, 114.
Plastic Clay, 330.
Platemys, 255.
Platycrinus, 146.
Platysomus, 174.
Pleistocene Period, 378.
Plesiosaurus, 221, 226, 255.
„ Cramptoni, 230.
„ _Sternum of_, 228.
„ _Skull of_, 226.
„ _Skeleton of_, 229.
Pleuronectes, 326.
_Pleurotoma Babylonia_, 246.
Pleurotomaria conoidea, 246.
Pliocene, Meaning of, 314.
„ Period, 357.
„ Birds of, 369.
„ Series, 372.
„ Vegetation of, 357.
„ Fauna of, 359, 369.
„ Reptiles of, 367.
„ Mollusca of, 371.
Plombières, Alkaline Waters of, 64.
Plutonic Rocks, 31.
„ Theory, 6.
„ Eruptions, 31.
„ Ancient Granite, 31.
_Podophthalmus vigil_, 353.
Pœcilopleuron, 265.
Poikilitic Series, 199.
Polyphemus, Supposed Bones of, 384.
Polypodium, 315.
Polyps of Carboniferous Period, 141, 246, 255, 286, 301.
Polyzoa, 141, 143, 175, 307.
Pontgibaud Mines, 64.
Porphyritic Granite, 33.
Porphyry, 33, 37.
„ Definition of, 37.
„ Components of, 37.
Portland Isle, 270.
„ Dirt Bed, 271.
„ Sand, 243, 266.
„ Stone, 243, 269.
Posidonia, 189.
Post-pliocene Period, 378.
„ Animals of the, 382.
„ Birds of the, 417.
„ Carnivora of, 417.
„ Deposits in Britain, 417.
Post-Tertiary Epoch, 378.
Potamogeton, 315.
Pravolta, 447.
Pre-glacial deposits, 418.
Preissleria antiqua, 202.
Prestwich, J., on Glacial Deposits, 459.
PRIMARY EPOCH, 99.
„ „ Retrospective Glance at, 180.
„ „ Vegetation of, 182.
Proboscideans of Crag, 372.
Producta, 173, 175.
„ _horrida_, 149.
_Producta Martini_, 145, 205.
„ subaculeata, 127.
Protogine, 35.
Protopteris, 283.
Psammodus, 141.
Psaronius, 174.
_Psilophyton_, 123.
Pteraspis, 129.
_Pterichthys_, 125.
Pteroceras, 269.
Pterodactyles, 221, 233, 240, 243, 245.
„ _brevirostris_, 235.
„ _crassirostris_, 234, 256.
Pterophyllum, 239, 249, 255.
„ Jägeri, 202.
„ Münsteri, 202.
Pterygotus, 110.
„ _bilobatus_, 113.
Ptylopora, 146.
Purbeck Beds, 269, 271, 279.
„ Marble, 272.
„ Isle of, 271.
Puy-de-Dôme, 40, 43.
_Puy-de-Dôme, Extinct Volcanoes of_, 53.
Puys, Chain of, in Central France, 51.
Pycnodus, 190.
Pygopterus, 174.

Quadersandstein, 211.
QUATERNARY EPOCH, 378.
„ „ Animals of, 382.
Quartz, 96.
Quartziferous Porphyry, 33.
Quartzite, 77.

Rain, First Fall of, 95.
_Raindrops, Impressions of, in Rocks_, 14, 102, 173.
Raised Beaches, 488.
_Ramphorynchus_, 255, 259, 269.
Ramsay, A. C., on the Lower Oolite, 252.
„ „ on Formation of Keuper Marls, 201.
„ „ on Colour of Red Rocks, 101.
„ „ on Denudation, 28.
„ „ on Formation of Granite, 33.
„ „ on Glacial Deposits, 458.
Reading Beds, 330.
Recent or Historical Period, 378.
Re-construction of Fossil Animals from a Part, 7.
„ Difficulties Attendant on, 8.
Red Crag, 372.
Reindeer, 379.
_Relative Volume of the Earth_, 83.
_Remains of Plesiosaurus macrocephalus_, 229.
Reptiles, Prevalence of during Secondary Epoch, 201, 220.
„ „ during Cretaceous Period, 285.
„ „ during the Pliocene Period, 358, 366.
Rhætic Strata, 180, 205, 267.
Rhinoceros, 360.
„ Discovery of, Entire, in Siberia, 361, 379.
„ _Head of_, 360.
„ tichorhinus, 360, 428.
Rhombus minimus, 326.
_Rhyncholites_, 181.
Rio Chapura, Humidity of, 337.
Ripple-marks, 15.
„ on Sandstone, 173, 204, 252.
River, Great, of Cretaceous Period, 279.
Roc, 361.
Roches moutonnées, 443, 447.
Rock, in Geology, 28.
Rocks composing the Earth’s Crust, 27.
„ formed during the Carboniferous Limestone Period, 149.
„ Crystalline, 28.
Rock Salt, its Origin, 199.
„ Quantity produced in England, 304.
Rocking Stones, 35.
Rosso Antico, 37.
Rostellaria, 189.
Rothliegende, 170, 174.
Rudistes, 301.
Runn of Cutch, 200.

Sables Inférieurs, 331.
„ Moyens, 333.
Saccharoid Limestone, Minerals of, 76.
St. Acheul Gravel Beds, 476.
St. Acheul Gravel Beds, probable Age of, 479.
St. Austell, Granite of, 39.
St. Cassian Beds, 205.
St. Christopher’s Tooth, 385.
Salamander of Œningen, 367.
Salicites, 283.
Saliferous or Keuper Period, 186, 199.
„ „ Fauna of, 201.
Saline Springs, 23.
Salses, 60.
Salt Mines, 199, 204.
Sandwich Islands, Volcanoes of, 56, 69.
Sargassites, 309.
Sargassum, 309.
Saurians, 187.
„ of Cretaceous Period, 285.
„ of Lias, 229.
Savoy Alps, 440.
Scandinavian Continent, Upheaval and Depression of, 282.
Scaphites, 288.
Scelidotherium, 406, 412.
„ _Skull of_, 413.
_Scheuchzer’s Salamander_, 367.
Schist, 77, 97.
Schistopleuron typus, 401.
„ „ _restored_, 402.
Schizaster, 326.
Scoriæ, Volcanic, 57.
Sea-Pen, Virgularia Patagonia, 263.
Sea Urchins, 205, 286.
SECONDARY EPOCH, 185.
_Section of a Volcano in Action_, 52.
Sectional Appearance of the Earth, 2.
Sedgwick, Prof. A., on Cambrian Rocks, 10.
„ on Granite of Devon and Cornwall, 39.
„ on Classification of Rocks, 102.
Sedimentary Rocks, 28.
Senonian Beds, 309, 310.
Septaria, 331.
Serpentine, 38.
Serpents of Tertiary Epoch, 379.
Serpulæ, 126, 272.
Shell Mounds, 478.
Shells, Marine, on Tops of Mountains, 5.
Sheppey, Isle of, 331.
„ „ Turtles of, 331.
Siberia, Fossil Elephants in, 387.
Sigillaria, 130, 136, 152, 157.
„ _lavigata_, 138.
„ _reniformis_, 157.
Silex meulier, 356.
Siliceous Limestone, 333.
Silurian Period, 102.
„ Divisions of, 109, 110.
„ Characteristics of, 103.
„ Fauna and Flora of, 104.
„ Fishes of, 107.
„ Mollusca of, 108.
„ _Plants_ of, 103.
„ System, 102.
Sivatherium, 365.
„ _restored_, 366.
Skaptár Jokul, 60.
_Skeleton of Ichthyosaurus_, 218.
„ _of Plesiosaurus_, 227.
_Skull of Plesiosaurus_, 226.
„ _Palæotherium magnum_, 321.
„ _Scelidotherium_, 413.
Skye, Basalt of Isle of, 49.
Smith, Dr. W., Labours of, 9.
Smilax, 202.
Solenhofen, Limestone of, 273.
Solfataras, 63.
Somma, Mount, 68.
Somme, River, Valley of, 475.
„ Peat-Beds of the, 475.
South America, Depression and Upheaval of, 21.
Spalacotherium, 265.
Sphenophyllum, 154, 269.
„ _restored_, 153.
Sphenophyllites, 136.
Sphenopteris, 136.
„ _artemisiæfolia_, 144.
Spirifera, 173, 175.
„ concentrica, 127.
„ undulata, 175.
Sphœrodus, 190.
_Staffa, Grotto of_, 50.
Stag, gigantic Forest, 379.
Stalactite, 430.
Stalagmite, 430.
Stellispongia variabilis, 205.
Stenosaurus, 265.
_Sternum and Pelvis of Plesiosaurus_, 228.
Stigmaria, 130, 137, 157, 162.
_Stigmaria_, 138.
Stone Age, The, 478.
Stone Lilies, 127.
Stonesfield Slate, 243, 245, 250, 252.
Strata, Disposition of, 2.
Stratification, Order of, 29.
„ _of Coal Beds_, 165.
Strephodus, 266.
Streptospondylus, 265.
Stringocephalus Burtini, 127.
Stromboli, Volcanic Island of, 55, 68.
_Strophalosia Morrisiana_, 176.
Struthionidæ, 193.
Submarine Volcanoes, 70.
Sub-Apennine Strata, 373.
Suffolk Crag, 372.
Sulphurous Streams from Mount Idienne, 64.
Sun-cracks, 102, 173.
Syenite, 34.

Tæniopteris, 315.
Taxoceras, 289.
Taxodites, 239.
„ Münsterianus, 202.
Teeth of Mammoth, 384.
_Teeth of Iguanodon_, 293.
„ _Mastodon_, 346.
„ _Megalosaurus_, 291, 380.
„ _Machairodus_, 380.
Teleosaurus, 245, 256, 259.
„ cadomensis, 259.
Temperature of the Earth, Increase of as we descend, 2, 16, 87.
„ „ at Various Depths, 16.
„ „ of Deep Mines, 16, 88.
„ „ at the Centre, 16.
„ of Planetary Regions, 86.
„ uniform, in Carboniferous Period, 133.
„ Gradual Alteration of, during Tertiary Period, 313.
„ of Cretaceous Period, 283.
_Terebellaria ramosissima_, 184.
_Terebratula digona_, 246.
„ decussata, 252.
„ hastata, 141.
„ _deformis_, 290.
„ _subsella_, 266.
_Terebrirostra lyra_, 290.
Terrestrial Plants of Devonian Period, 120.
Tertiary Period, 312.
„ Vegetation of, 313.
„ Animals of, 312.
Tetragonolepis, 217.
Teutobocchus Rex, 348.
Thallogens, 123.
Thanet Beds, 330.
_Theoretical View of a Plateau_, 47.
Theories of the Earth, 15.
Theory, Hutton’s, 3.
„ Laplace’s, 17.
Thermal Springs, 23.
Thickness of the Earth’s Crust, 89.
Thomson, Sir William, on the Earth’s Crust, 89.
_Thylacotherium_, 245.
Tidal Wave, 22.
Tile Stones, 110.
Till Formation, 457.
Tortoises, 401.
Toxoceras, 289.
Toxodon, 412.
Trachyte, 39.
Trachytic Formations, 39.
Trail, 461.
Transition, or Primary Epoch, 99.
_Transported Blocks_, 449.
„ Rocks, 27.
Trapa natans, 315.
_Trappean Grotto, Staffa_, 47.
Travertin, 333.
Tree Ferns, 174, 240.
Tremadoc Slates, 109.
_Treuil, Coal Mine at_, 160.
Triassic Period, 185.
„ Flora, 187, 193, 202.
Trigonia, 12, 205.
„ _margaritacea_, 314.
_Trigonocarpum Nöggerathii_, 177.
Trilobites, 104, 107, 110, 126, 141, 181.
Trimmer, Joshua, on Moel Tryfaen, 459.
_Trinucleus Lloydii_, 129.
_Trionyx of Tertiary Period_, 326.
Trionyx, a Turtle, 319, 326, 329.
Tropical Vegetation, D’Orbigny on, 337.
_Trunk of Calamites_, 136.
„ _Sigillaria_, 136.
Tunbridge Wells Sand, 286.
Turbaco, Mud Volcanoes of, 61.
Turonian Series, 309, 310.
Turrilites, 289.
„ _communis_, 290.
„ _costatus_, 289.
_Turritella terebra_, 289.
Turtle, 187, 237, 272, 319, 326, 329, 331, 356.
Tyndall’s, Professor, Theory of Heat, 24.

Uncites Gryphus, 127.
Under Clay, 161.
Unicornu Fossile, 386.
Unio, 266.
Upper Cretaceous, 300-306.
„ Greensand, 300, 309.
„ Oolite, 265.
„ Lias, 212, 273.
„ Lias Clay, 212.
„ Silurian Period, 110.
Ursus spelæus, 184, 395, 417.
„ _Head of_, 184.

Vale of Wardour, 269.
Valley of Poison, 64.
Vallisneri on Marine Deposits of Italy, 6.
Variegated Sandstone, 187.
_Veins of Granite traversing Gneiss of Cape Wrath_, 32.
Velay, Chain of the, 43.
Vertebrata, First Appearance of, 107.
Vespertilio Parisiensis, 326.
Vesuvius, 56, 68.
„ _Existing Crater of_, 56.
Virgularia, 263.
Vivarais, Valley of, 47.
Volcanic Bombs, 59.
„ Ashes, 58.
„ Scoriæ, 57.
„ Eruptions, 57.
„ Formations, 51.
„ Islands, 55.
„ Rocks, 31, 39.
_Volcano in Action_, 52.
Volcanoes, 51.
„ Action of, 57, 63.
„ Active, 55, 67.
„ Mud, 60, 63.
„ Extinct, 63.
„ Sandwich Islands, 56.
„ Watery, 23, 59.
Voltaire and Buffon, 6.
Voltzia heterophylla, 194.
_Voltzia restored_, 195.
Vosges Mountains, 75.
„ „ Submergence of in Permian Period, 180.

Wadhurst Clay, 286.
Walchia, 177.
„ _Schlotheimii_, 176.
Warp, 461.
Water, First Cradle of Life, 100.
Waterstones, 245.
Watery Volcanoes, 23, 59.
Weald Clay, 279, 281, 286, 298.
Wealden Beds, 279.
„ Shells, 281.
Wenlock Rocks, 110.
Whale of the Rue Dauphine, 370.
White Chalk, Berthier’s Analysis, 298.
White Lias, 208.
Wild Man of Aveyron, 469.
Williamsonia, 239.
Wood, Searles V., Junr., on Glacial Deposits, 460.
Wookey Hole, 474.
Woolwich and Reading Beds, 330.
Wright, Dr. Thos., on Penarth Beds, 209.

Xiphodon, 320, 324, 329.
„ _gracile_, 324.

Ysbrants Ides’ Account of Discovery of Frozen Mammoth, 389.
Yuccites, 194.

Zamia, 249, 270.
„ Moreana, 255.
Zamites, 194, 239, 255, 297.
Zechstein, 170.
Zeolites, 44.
Ziphius, 370.
Zones of different density round the incandescent Earth, 85.
Zoophytes of Lias, 238.
„ Middle Oolite, 263.
„ of Carboniferous Period, 141.
_Zostera_, 123, 266.

THE END.

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+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: |
| |
| The original text has been maintained, including inconsistencies |
| in spelling, hyphenation, lay-out, formatting, etc. and in the use|
| of capitals, diacriticals and accents, except as described below |
| under Changes Made. Important inconsistencies include: Saarbruck/ |
| Saarbrück, Coalbrookdale/Coalbrook Dale, Roth-liegende/ |
| Rothliegende/Röthe-liegende, Westmorland/Westmoreland, blow-pipe/ |
| blowpipe, cuttle-fish/cuttlefish, frame-work/framework, |
| fresh-water/freshwater, Kupfer-schiefer/Kupferschiefer, |
| rain-drops/raindrops, re-construct/reconstruct (and related |
| words), Roth-todt-liegende/Rothe-todte-liegende, sub-divide/ |
| subdivide (and related words), tile-stones/tilestones, under-clay/|
| underclay, water-stones/waterstones, aërial/aerial, Baikal/Baïkal,|
| Ceteosaurus/Cetiosaurus, Colley Weston/Colleyweston, Cupanioides/ |
| Cupanioïdes, Hoffman/Hoffmann (this is apparently the same person,|
| it is not clear what the correct spelling should be); Kjökken- |
| Mödden/Kjökken Mödden/Kjökken-mödden, Mæstricht/Maestricht, |
| Néocomian/Neocomian, predaceous/predacious, proboscideans/ |
| proboscidians, and Tunguragua/Tunguraqua. |
| |
| There are slight differences in wording between the Table of |
| Contents, the Index and the text. Since the meaning is not |
| affected, this has not been standardised. |
| |
| Textual remarks: |
| - Page 109 (table): 12,060 should possibly be 12,000; |
| - Page 196 (table): Red and variegated sandstone (Collyhurst) ...:|
| there is a line missing in the original work that is not present|
| in other editions either. This line has been replaced by [...]; |
| - Page 212: The Lias, in England, is generally in three groups: |
| possibly there is a word (divided or similar) missing; |
| - Page 301: The invertebrate animals which characterise the |
| Cretaceous age are among: possibly there is a word missing at |
| the end of the sentence (others); |
| - Page 339: not one-fifth the size of Switzerland should possibly |
| be not one-fifth the size of Great Britain; |
| - Index: contrary to the remark at the top of the index, not all |
| italic entries refer to illustrations. |
| |
| Multi-page tables have been combined into single tables. |
| |
| Changes made to original text: |
| - Some obvious typographical errors (including punctuation) have |
| been corrected silently. |
| - Table of Contents: entries Eruptive Rocks and The Beginning have|
| been indented one level less as in the text; entry Metamorphic |
| Rocks has been indented one level less, in line with the other |
| headings printed in small capitals. |
| Page 11: Ancylyceras changed to Ancyloceras; |
| Page 34: has disappeared changed to have disappeared; Strasburg |
| changed to Strasbourg as elsewhere; |
| Page 36: Cevennes changed to Cévennes as elsewhere; |
| Page 37: bigarrè changed to bigarré; gres changed to grès as |
| elsewhere; porpyhries changed to porphyries; |
| Page 57: diameter) changed to diameter (bracket removed); |
| Page 152: on page 155 changed to on page 157; |
| Page 167: Liége changed to Liège; |
| Page 184: Cevennes changed to Cévennes as elsewhere; Rhone changed|
| to Rhône as elsewhere; |
| Page 194: Nilsonia changed to Nilssonia as elsewhere; |
| Page 206: Cevennes changed to Cévennes as elsewhere; |
| Page 213: Pentatrinus changed to Pentacrinus; |
| Page 225: Ichythyosaurus changed to Ichthyosaurus; |
| Page 239: Nilsonia changed to Nilssonia as elsewhere; |
| Page 240: Nilsonia changed to Nilssonia as elsewhere; |
| Page 247, caption fig 115: Polyzoa. changed to Polyzoa.) (bracket |
| added); |
| Page 248: O. cuneatea changed to O. cuneata; |
| Page 250: first footnote anchor missing, inserted in most likely |
| place; |
| Page 269: Gryphea changed to Gryphæa as elsewhere; |
| Page 305: represented in Fig. 146 changed to represented in Fig. |
| 145; |
| Page 316: Nymphæea changed to Nymphæa; |
| Page 319: πσχυς changed to παχυς; inférièure/inférièurs changed to|
| inférieure/inférieurs; |
| Page 329: Nymphæeas changed to Nymphæas; |
| Page 338: --astodon changed to Mastodon; |
| Page 341: Fig. 161 changed to Fig. 160; |
| Page 348: Rhone changed to Rhône as elsewhere; |
| Page 401: chaneled changed to channelled as elsewhere; Fig 186 |
| changed to Fig. 185; |
| Page 413: antedulivian changed to antediluvian; |
| Page 429: Bauman's changed to Baumann's; |
| Page 430: Gailenruth changed to Gailenreuth as elsehwere; |
| Page 452: Varese changed to Varèse; |
| Page 462: Upsal changed to Upsala; |
| Page 470, footnote 117: Epoques changed to Époques as elsewhere; |
| Page 479: Tiniêre changed to Tinière; |
| Page 502: Archeopterix changed to Archeopteryx as in text; |
| Bathonean changed to Bathonian as in text; cervicornus changed to |
| cervicornis as in text; |
| Page 503: second entry Carboniferous Flora aligned with Flora, |
| ditto marks added; |
| Page 504: ditto mark added under Man in Creation of Man for |
| clarity; Cerithium plicatum 250 changed to 350; Coccosteus 141 |
| changed to 142; Coupe d'Ayzac 45, 47 changed to 46, 47; |
| Page 505: Danien changed to Danian as in text; Duvalii changed to |
| Duvallii as in text (the modern spelling is Duvalii, Lyell used |
| Duvallii); |
| Page 508: tichorhynus changed to tichorhinus as in text; |
| Page 509: Igneous, Iguana and Iguanodon moved to proper place in |
| alphabetical order; Kellaway's changed to Kellaways as in text; |
| Lachow changed to Lächow as in text; lacumosus changed to |
| lacunosus as in text; Leptœna changed to Leptæna as in text; |
| Page 510: Limnea changed to Limnæa as in text; Lithostrotion |
| cornu-arietis changed to Lituites cornu-arietis; |
| Page 511: page numbers added after Mortillet on Glaciers and |
| Mosaic Account of Creation; page reference 737 changed to 73; |
| Page 512: Osmeroïdes changed to Osmeroides as in text; |
| Page 513: Pecopteris, page numbers placed in numerical order; |
| Fustembergii changed to Furstembergii as in text; second reference|
| to Otopteris acuminata removed; Pecten obicularis changed to |
| Pecten orbicularis as in text; |
| Page 514: Podophtalmus changed to Podophthalmus as in text; |
| Purbeck Beds: 27 changed to 279.; |
| Page 515: Reptiles, Prevalence of: two entries combined into one; |
| St. Cassian Beds moved to proper alphabetical order; tichorhynus |
| changed to tichorhinus as in text; entries on Sheppey Isle moved |
| to proper alphabetical order; |
| Page 516: Sphærodus changed to Sphœrodus and moved to proper |
| alphabetic place; Sun-Appenine changed to Sub-Apennine; |
| Terebellaria moved to proper place in alphabetical order. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

End of Project Gutenberg's The World Before the Deluge, by Louis Figuier