Chapter I: Part 1

TINTINNALOGIA:

OR,

THE ART OF RINGING.

Wherein
Is laid down plain and
easie Rules for Ringing
all sorts of _Plain Changes_.

Together with
Directions for Pricking and
Ringing all _Cross Peals_; with
a full Discovery of the Mystery
and Grounds of each Peal.

_As Also_
Instructions for _Hanging of Bells_,
with all things belonging thereunto.

_by a Lover of that ART._

A. Persii Sat. V.
Disce: sed ira cadat naso, rugosaque sanna,

LONDON,
Printed for _F.S._ and are to be Sold by
_Tho. Archer_, at his Shop under the _Dyal_ of
St. _Dunstan's Church_ in _Fleet-street_, 1671.

TO THE NOBLE SOCIETY OF COLLEDGE-YOUTHS.

GENTLEMEN,

I have seen a Treatise intituled, _de Tintinnabulis_--that is, of little Bells, the Language Latin, but pen'd by a _Dutchman_, being a Discourse of striking tunes on little Bells with traps under the feet, with several Books on several Instruments of Music, and Tunes prick't for the same; Then considering that the Well-wishers to either of them, took great pains to make plain the use of them, I thought it worth a Dayes labour, to write something on this Art or Science, that the Rules thereof might not be lost and obscured to some, as the _Chronicles_ before _William_ the Conqueror, being given only by Tradition from Father to Son. Wherefore I humbly intreat you favourably to accept this small Treatise, as a foundation whereon may be raised a famous Structure; and if any one objects a fault, excuse it with the Ringing term--He was Over-bell'd--So you will much oblige him that is a Well-wisher to your Recreation,

CAMPANISTA.

On the Ingenious Art of RINGING.

What Musick is there that compar'd may be
To well-tun'd Bells enchanting melody!
Breaking with their sweet sound the willing Air,
And in the listning ear the Soul ensnare;
The ravisht Air such pleasure loth to lose,
With thousand Echoes still prolongs each close;
And gliding streams which in the Vallies trills,
Assists its speed unto the neighbouring Hills;
Where in the rocks & caves, with hollow gounds,
The warbling lightsome Element rebounds.
This for the Musick: In the Action's Health,
And every Bell is a _Wit's_ Common-wealth
For here by them we plainly may discern,
How that Civility we are to learn.
The Treble to the Tenor doth give place,
And goes before him for the better grace:
But when they chance to change, 'tis as a dance,
They foot _A Galliard, à la mode de France_.
An Eighteenscore's a figure dance, but _Grandsire_
Hath the Jig-steps! & Tendrings Peal doth answer
The manner of _Corants_: A plain Six-score,
Is like a _Saraband_, the motion slower.
When Bells Ring round, and in their Order be,
They do denote how Neighbours should agree;
But if they Clam, the harsh sound spoils the sport,
And 'tis like Women keeping _Dover_ Court
For when all talk, there's none can lend an ear
The others story, and her own to hear;
But pull and hall, straining for to sputter
What they can hardly afford time to utter.
Like as a valiant Captain in the Field,
By his Conduct, doth make the Foe to yield;
Ev'n so, the leading Bell keeping true time,
The rest do follow, none commits a Crime:
But if one Souldier runs, perhaps a Troop
Seeing him gone, their hearts begin to droop;
Ev'n so the fault of one Bell spoils a Ring,
(And now my _Pegasus_ has taken Wing.)

Upon the Presentation of GRANDSIRE BOB To the COLLEDGE-YOUTHS, By the AUTHOR of that PEAL.

Gentlemen of the Noble Crew
Of _Colledge-Youths_, there lately blew
A wind, which to my Noddle flew
(upon a day when as it Snew;)
Which to my Brains the Vapors drew
And there began to work and brew,
'Till in my _Pericranium_ grew
_Conundrums_, how some Peal that's New
Might be compos'd? and to pursue
These thoughts (which did so whet and hew
My flat Invention) and to shew
What might be done, I strait withdrew
Myself to ponder--whence did accrue
This _Grandsire Bob_, which unto you
I Dedicate, as being due
Most properly; for there's but few
Besides, so ready at their Q----
(Especially at the first View)
To apprehend a thing that's New;
Though they'l pretend, and make a shew,
As if the intricat'st they knew;
What _Bob_ doth mean, and _Grandsire True_,
And read the course without a Clue
Of this new Peal: Yet though they screw
Their shallow Brains, they'l ne're unglue
The Method on't (and I'm a Jew)
If I don't think this to be true,
They see no more on't than blind _Hugh_.
Well, let their tongues run _Titere tu_,
Drink muddy Ale, or else _French Lieve_,
Whil'st we our Sport and Art renew,
And drink good Sack till Sky looks blew,
So _Grandsire_ bids you All adieu.

R.R.

THE ART OF RINGING.

Of the Beginning of _Changes_.

It is an ancient _Proverb_ with us in _England_ (That _Rome_ was not built in a day) by which expression is declared, That difficult things are not immediately done, or in a short time accomplished: But for the _Art of Ringing_, it is admirable to conceive in how short a time it hath increased, that the very depth of its intricacy is found out; for within these Fifty or Sixty years last past, _Changes_ were not known, or thought possible to be _Rang_: Then were invented the _Sixes_, being the very ground of a _Six score_: Then the _Twenty_, and _Twenty-four_, with several other _Changes_. But _Cambridge Forty-eight_, for many years, was the greatest _Peal_ that was _Rang_ or invented; but now, neither _Forty-eight_, nor a _Hundred_, nor _Seven-hundred and twenty_, nor any Number can confine us; for we can _Ring Changes_, _Ad infinitum_. Although _Philosophers_ say, _No Number is infinite, because it can be numbred_; for _infinite_ is a quantity that cannot be taken or assigned, but there is (_infinitum quoad hos_) as they term it, that is _infinite_ in respect of our apprehension: Therefore a _Ringers_ knowledge may seem _infinite_ to dive so _infinitely_ into such an _infinite_ Subject; but least my Discourse should be _infinite_, I will conclude it, and proceed to the _Peals_ following.

Before I Treat of the method and diversity of _Peals_, I think it not impertinent to speak something of the _Properties_ wherewith a _Young Ringer_ ought to be qualified, and then proceed to the _Peals_. _First_ then, before he is entred into a _Company_, it is presupposed, that he is able to _Set a Bell Fore-stroke and Back-stroke_, as the terms are: Next, that he know how to _Ring Round_, or _Under-sally_: Then, that he may be complete, it is convenient, that he understand the _Tuning of Bells_; for what is a _Musician_, unless he can _Tune_ his _Instrument_, although he plays never so well? To do which, let him learn on some _Instrument_, or _Wyer-Bells_, to know a _Third_, _Fifth_, and _Eighth_, which are the principal _Concords_: Or otherwise, let him get a _Pipe_ called a _Pitch-pipe_, which may be made by any _Organ-maker_, to contain _eight Notes_, or more, (according to his pleasure) with their _Flatts_ and _Sharps_, which will be very useful in the _Tuning of Bells_. And then this is a general Rule, begin at the _Tenor_, or _biggest Bell_, and count 3 _whole Notes_, then a _half Note_, or _Sharp_, 3 _whole Notes_, then a _half Note_, or _Sharp_; and so on, until you come to the _least Bell_ or _Treble_. For example on _four Bells_, 1:234, here the 432 are _whole_ _Notes_, and the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 1 and 2. On _Five Bells_, 12:345 the 543 are _whole Notes_; and the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 2 and 3. On _Six_, 123:456 the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 3 and 4. On _Eight Bells_, 1:2345:678, one _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 5 and 6, and the other between 1 and 2. On _Ten_, 123:4567:8910; here one _half Note_ is between 7 and 8, and the next between 3 and 4. On _Twelve Bells_, 12:345:6789:10 11 12. Here one _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 9 and 10, the next between 5 and 6, and the other between 2 and 3, which last is made contrary to the former Rule, it being but _two whole Notes_ from the next _half Note_ to it; the reason is this, the _Ninth_ is one _whole Note_ below the _Eighth_, therefore the 2 must be a _whole Note_ below the _Treble_, otherwise they would not be a true _Eighth_, therefore the _half Note_ is put between 2 and 3. Now he that hath these Rules, and a good ear to judge of the _Concords_, may at any time cast his Verdict (as to Bells, whether they are well in _Tune_ or not) amongst the chief of the _Company_.

Of the _Changes_.

A _Change_ is made between _two Bells_ that strikes next to each other, by removing into each others places, as in these _two Figures_ 1, 2. make a _Change_ between them, and they will stand 2, 1. which is called a _Change_; make another _Change_ between them, and they will stand in their right places, as at first, 1, 2. These _two Changes_ are all that can be made on _two Bells_.

The _Changes_ on three Bells.

On _three Bells_ there are _six several Changes_ to be made; in _Ringing_ of which, there is _one Bell_ to be observed, which is called the _Hunt_, and the other two are _Extream Bells_ (but they cannot properly be so called, because every _Bell_ _hunts_ in the _six Changes_; yet because 'tis commonly _Rang_ by observing a _Hunt_ and _two Extream Bells_, I will therefore proceed in that course.) The name of _Hunt_ is properly given to it, because of its continual motion up and down amongst the other _Bells_, which motion is called _Hunting_, and the other _two_ are called _Extream Bells_, because when the _Hunt_ is either before or behind them, that is at the _Extream_, or utmost place, there is a _Change_ then to be made between them, called an _Extream Change_. There are two several wayes to _Ring_ the _six Changes_. One whereof is to make the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the other way is to make the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_. I will give an Example in _hunting_ the _Treble_, the _Bells_ are supposed to stand thus.--

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Now the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ up over the _Second_ and _Third_, which is to be done, by making a _Change_ between the _Treble_, and each of those two Bells in order; therefore first I remove the _Treble_ up over the _Second_, into the _seconds_ place, by making a _Change_ between the _Treble_ and _Second_, thus.--

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The _Treble_ being removed up over the _Second_, it must next be removed up over the _Third_, as in this _Change_.--

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Alwayes observe, that when the _Hunt_ moves from the foremost _Bell_ toward the hindmost, then it _hunts_ up, as in the _Changes_ next before; but when it moves or _hunts_ from the hindmost Bell, toward the Bell that leads, then it _hunts_ down, as appears by the _Changes_ following. The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the _Extream_ Bells, an _Extream Change_ is next to be made between them.--

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Here you may observe, that if the _Hunt_ had been _hunted_ down without an _Extream Change_ first made, those _Changes_ in _hunting_ it down, would have been the same with those that were made in _hunting_ it up.

The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ down again before the Bells thus.--

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The _Treble_ being now _hunted_ down, the next is to be an _Extream Change_.--

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which is the last _Change_ of the _six_.

The other way to _Ring_ the _six Changes_, is, to make the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_, which being behind already, it must first be _hunted_ down, as in these _Changes_.--

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The _Third_, which is the _Hunt_, being _hunted_ down before the Bells, the _Extream Change_ must next be made between the 2, and 1. Which are the _Extream Bells_, thus.--

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The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Third_ must be _hunted_ up again.--

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The _Third_ being _hunted_ up, another _Extream_ must be made, which brings the Bells round in their right places.--

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The _Plain Changes_ on four Bells.

On four Bells, there are _Twenty four several Changes_, in _Ringing_ of which, there is one Bell called the _Hunt_, and the other three are _Extream_ Bells; the _Hunt_ moves, and _hunts_ up and down continually, and lies but once in one place, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, at which time it lies there twice together; it has the same course here, as in the _six Changes_ before set down; two of the _Extream_ Bells makes a _Change_ every time the _Hunt_ comes before or behind them. An Example I will here give, making the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the _Extream Changes_ I make between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_. I set down the _four Figures_, representing the _four Bells_, thus.--

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The _Treble_ must now be _hunted_ up behind the Bells, where it is to lie twice together, and then to _hunt_ down before them, where it must lie twice, and then _hunt_ up again as before. The _Hunt_ is alwayes one of the two Bells which makes every _Change_, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, and it moves only over one Bell at a time; 'tis to be _hunted_ up after this manner.--

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The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the Bells, as appears by the last _Changes_, the next is to be an _Extream Change_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_, which are the _Second_ and _Third_, thus.--

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The _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ down again, as in these _Changes_.--

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The Treble being hunted down, there is another Extream Change to be made between the two farthest Bells from it, which are the Second and Fourth.--

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The Extream being made, the Treble must be hunted as before, and so to the end of the Peal, making an Extream Change every time the Hunt comes before and behind the Bells.--

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The Twenty-four Changes are to be Rang another way, in hunting up the Treble, which is, by making every Extream Change between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt, as in these Changes, first I hunt the Treble up.--

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The Treble being hunted up, the Extream Change is to be made between the 3 and 4, which are the two nearest Bells to it, as in this Change,

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and so to the end of the Peal, making every Extream between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt all the way.

These two wayes in _Ringing_ the _Twenty-four_, differs only in making the _Extream Changes_, one whereof is to make them between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_, and the other to make them between the two nearest Bells to it.

The _Twenty-four Changes_ are to be _Rang_ two wayes more in _hunting_ down the _Treble_; one way, is to make the _Extreams_ between the two farthest Bells from the _Hunt_; and the other, is to make them between the two nearest, as before. A short Example I will set down, the Bells stand thus.--

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The _Treble_ should now be _hunted_ down, but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed no lower; therefore the first must be an _Extream Change_, either between the two nearest, or two farthest Bells from the _Hunt_ at pleasure; the _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ is to _hunt_ up, and so to the end of the _Peal_, in the same course as before.

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In _hunting_ the _Second_, _Third_, or _Fourth_, there is to be observed the same course, as in _hunting_ the _Treble_: A short Example I will set down, in _hunting_ the _Third_ up, and making the _Extream Changes_ between the two farthest _Bells_ from it.--

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_First_, I _hunt_ up the _third_ over the _fourth_; the _Hunt_ being up, I make an _extream_ between the _treble_ and _second_, and then _hunt_ down the _third_ again, as in these _changes_, which course is to be observed to the end of the _Peal_.

I have insisted the longer upon the directions to the _Twenty-four changes_, because it is the ground and method in _Ringing_ all _plain changes_; and by understanding this aright, the Learner will more easily apprehend the course of all _plain_ and _single changes_ whatsoever.

The _Twenty-four plain changes_ are to be _Rang_ sixteen several wayes; in _hunting_ one Bell, it is to be _Rang_ four ways; that is, two wayes in _hunting_ it up, and the other two wayes in _hunting_ it down, (as appears in my directions before in _hunting_ the _treble_:) so that in _hunting_ the 4 Bells, 'tis to be _Rang_ 4 times 4 wayes, which makes 16, some of which I have here set down.

Treble Hunt up, Extream between the 2 farthest Bells from it.

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Second up, extream between the 2 nearest to it.

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Fourth down, Extream between the two farthest Bells from it.

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Some persons do observe to _Ring_ the _Twenty-four changes_ with a _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_; but that is an imperfect course; for there cannot be one _half hunt_ only, but there will unavoidably be three _half Hunts_ in one and the same _Twenty-four_; therefore I have set down the other way to _ring_ it, by observing a _hunt_, and _three extream_ Bells, which course is much more easie and true.

In the _Twenty-four Changes_ are contained the _six Changes_; the _three Extream Bells_ in the _Twenty-four_ makes the _six Changes_ in course, every _extream change_ being one of the _six_, and the _Hunt_ hunting through each of the _six Changes_, makes _Twenty-four_: For Example, take the _three Extream_ Bells in the first _Twenty-four_ set down before, which are 234, and set down the _six Changes_ on them, thus.--

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Now take the first _Change_, which is 234, set the _Treble_ before it, and _hunt_ it through, thus.--

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The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behinde, take the next _Change_ of the _six_, which is 324, set it directly under the _First_, and _hunt_ the _Treble_ down through it, thus.--

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And so take each of the other _six Changes_, and _hunt_ the _Treble_ through them, it will make _Twenty-four_.

I will here insert two or three old _Peals_ on five Bells, which (though rejected in these dayes, yet) in former times were much in use, which for _Antiquity sake_, I here set down. And first,

The _Twenty_ all over.

The course is this--every Bell _hunts_ in order once through the Bells, until it comes behind them; and first the _Treble_ _hunts_ up, next the _Second_, and then the 3, 4 and 5, which brings the Bells round in their right places again, at the end of the _Twenty Changes_, as in this following _Peal_.--

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This Peal is to be Rang, by hunting the Bells down, beginning with the Tenor, next the fourth, and so the third, second, and treble, which will bring the Bells round in course as before.

An Eight and Forty.

In this _Peal_, the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ are both _whole Hunts_, each of which does _hunt_ down before the Bells by turns, and lies there twice together and then _hunts_ up again: The 1, 2 and 3 goes the _six changes_, one of which is made every time, either of the _whole Hunts_ lies before the Bells, as in the following _Changes_, where the _fifth_ hunts down the _first_; and lying before the Bells, there is a _change_ made between the 1 & 2, which is one of the _six changes_; and then the _fifth_ _hunts_ up again into its place, and the _fourth_ _hunts_ down, which lying before the Bells, there is another of the _six changes_ made between the 1 and 3, and then the _fourth_ _hunts_ up again, and the _fifth_ _hunts_ down next; in which course it continues to the end of the _Peal_, each of the _whole Hunts_ lying but twice at one time before the Bells, as in these following _changes_.

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_Cambridge_ Eight and Forty.

Wherein it is observed, that the _Treble_ and _Second_ does never come behind, neither does the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ come before, as in the following _Changes_.

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The _Plain Changes_ on five Bells.

There are _Six-score Changes_ to be _Rang_ on _five Bells_, which are to be _Rang_, by observing a _whole Hunt_, a _half Hunt_, and _three Extream Bells_; the course of the _whole Hunt_, is the same with the _Hunt_ in the _Twenty-four Changes_, and _hunts_ up and down in the same manner. The _half Hunt_ moves once, that is, over one Bell every time, the _whole Hunt_ comes before and behind the Bells; but when the _half Hunt_ is removed either before or behind the _Extream Bells_, then there is an _Extream Change_ to be made. For Example, I make the _Treble_ the _whole Hunt_, and _hunt_ it up; and the _Second_ the _half Hunt_ and _half hunt_ it up, making every _Extream Change_ between the two farthest _Extream Bells_ from the _half Hunt_; the _Extream Bells_ are the _Third_, _Fourth_, _Fifth_: Now observe, that whereas in the _Twenty-four Changes_, an _Extream Change_ was alwayes made, when the _whole Hunt_ came before or behind the _Bells_, in these _Six-score_ _Changes_ an _Extream_ is alwayes to be made, when the _Half Hunt_ comes before or behind the _Extream Bells_; first the Treble is to be _hunted_ up, as in these _Changes_.--

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The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ up, the _Second_, which is the _half Hunt_, must be _hunted_ up over one _Bell_, as in this _Change_.--

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The _half Hunt_ being removed up over one _Bell_, the _whole Hunt_ must be _hunted_ down again, as in these _Changes_.--

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The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ down, the _half Hunt_ is to be removed up over the _Fourth_, which is the next _Bell_ to it.--

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The _whole Hunt_ is to _hunt_ up as before.--

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Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ up over the _Fifth_, which is the next _Bell_ to it, thus.--

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Here the _Second_, which is the _half Hunt_, is removed quite up behind the _Extream_ _Bells_; yet the _Extream Change_ is not to be made, until the _whole Hunt_ has removed down through the _Bells_, as in these _Changes_.--

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And it is a constant Rule, that whensoever the _half Hunt_ has removed up behind the _Extream Bells_, or down before them, the _whole Hunt_ must _hunt_ through the Bells, before the _Extream Change_ is made, as in the last _Change_ but four, which is 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. the _Second_ being the _half Hunt_, is removed up behind the 3, 4, and 5. which are the _Extream_ Bells; and then the _whole Hunt_ being behind, _hunts_ immediately down; and now the _Extreame Change_ is to be made between the 3, and 4. which are the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, as in this _Change_.--

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The _Extream_ being made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ are to remove again; and first the _whole Hunt_ must be _hunted_ up.--

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Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ down under one Bell, thus.--

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The _half Hunt_ being removed, the _whole Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ down.--

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The _half Hunt_ is to be removed down under another Bell, as in this _Change_.--

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Now I hunt up the Treble.--

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The Treble being _hunted_ up, I _hunt_ down the _Second_ before the _Extream_ Bells.--

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Now I _hunt_ down the Treble again, and then make the _Extream Change_, as in these _Changes_.--

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The last is the _Extream Change_, which is made between the _Third_ and _Fifth_; and this course is to be observed to the end of the _Six-score Changes_, which is set down at large at the end of the directions to this _Peal_.

Another short Example I will insert, which is _Second_ down, and _Fourth_ up, (for that is the common Phrase amongst _Ringers_) whereby 'tis alwayes to be observed, that the first Bell which is named, is the _whole Hunt_, and the second that is named, is the _half Hunt_, as herein you may perceive; where _Second_ down, is meant, that the _Second_ Bell is the _whole Hunt_, and to _hunt_ down the first _Change_; and the _Fourth_ Bell is the _half Hunt_, and to _half hunt_ up, that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bell the first time it moves at the beginning of the _Peal_; which are only directions in making the first _Changes_, for one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ may be hunted several wayes, either up or down at pleasure. First, I _hunt_ down the _Second_.--

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The _Second_ being _hunted_ down, the _Fourth_, which is the _half Hunt_, must be removed up over one Bell, thus.--

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The _half Hunt_ being removed, I must _hunt_ up the _Second_, as in these _Changes_.--

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Now the _Fourth_, which is the _half Hunt_, being behind the _Extream_ Bells, the next is to be an _Extream Change_, which may be made either between the two farthest Bells from the _half Hunt_, or the two nearest to it; and after the _Extream Change_ is made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ must be _hunted_ as before. These _Six-score Changes_ of _Second_ and _Fourth_, I have set down at large, at the end of my directions to these _Changes_ on five Bells.

In every _Six-score_, the _Extream Changes_ may be made either between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, or between the two nearest to it, observing to make all the _Extreams_ in one _Six-score_ alike; that is, if you make the first _Extream Change_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, you must make all the following _Extreams_ in the same _Six score_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells also; or if you make the first _Extream_ in any _Six-score_ between the two nearest to the _half Hunt_, you must make all the following _Extreams_ in the same _Six-score_ between the two nearest also.

The _Six-score_ plain and single _Changes_, are to be _Rang_ Eight-score several wayes; for although there are but _Six-score_ several _Changes_ on five _Bells_, yet by altering the _whole Hunt_, the _half Hunt_, and _Extreams_, the course of the _Changes_ are so altered, that the same _Changes_ doe not come all along together in any two of those Eight-score wayes.

With one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_, the _Six-score Changes_ are to be _Rang_, or set down eight several wayes; one way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_ both up; the second way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ both down; the third way, is in _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ up, and the _half Hunt_ down; the fourth way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ down, and the _half Hunt_ up; each of these four wayes is to be _Rang_ two wayes more; one is, in making the _Extreams_ between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt, and the other way is in making them between the two nearest; for Example, in making the treble the whole Hunt, and second the half Hunt, the Six-score are to be Rang eight several wayes (viz.)

Extream Changes to be made between the 2 farthest Extream
Bells from the half Hunt.

Treble and second both up
Treble and second both down
Treble down, and second up
Treble up, and second down

Extream Changes to be made between the two nearest Extream
Bells to the half Hunt, which is called _Mediums_.

Treble and second both up
Treble and second both down
Treble down, and second up
Treble up, and second down

On five Bells there are 20 Hunts, (i.e.) a whole Hunt, and half Hunt twenty times, and not one; and the same whole Hunt, and half Hunt twice, as appears by the following Figures, where they stand two and two together; one of which is the whole Hunt, and the other the half Hunt: for Example, the 2 highest Figures are 1.2 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt. The two next Figures are 1.3 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the third the half Hunt; and likewise the two last, or lowest Figures, are 5.4 the fifth is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt; and so of all the rest, the first Figure representing the whole Hunt, and the next to it the half Hunt.

1.2 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1
1.3 2.3 3.2 4.2 5.2
1.4 2.4 3.4 4.3 5.3
1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.4

So that there being twenty Hunts, and every one making eight Six-scores (as in the Example of treble and second) that is twenty (which are the number of Hunts;) multiplied by eight (which are the number of Six-scores made by each Hunt) does produce Eight-score several wayes to Ring the Six-score Changes.

In the Six-score Changes are comprehended the Twenty-four, and the Six Changes: The Twenty-four Changes are made between the half Hunt, and the three Extream Bells; and the Six are made between the Extream Bells alone: The half Hunt in the Six-score, is the whole Hunt in the Twenty-four; and there is one Change in the Twenty-four made every time the whole Hunt comes before and behind the Bells; and one Change in the Six made every Extream: So that the Six-score rightly understood, is nothing else but hunting the half Hunt through every Change of the Six, which makes Twenty-four Changes: and then hunting the whole Hunt through each Change of the Twenty-four, which makes Six-score; for instance, in the first Six-score before set down, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the 345 the Extream Bells.

I take the Extream Bells, and set down the six Changes on them thus.--

345
435
453
543
534
354
345

Now I take the first of the six, which is 345, and set the second (which was the half Hunt in the Six-score) to it, and hunt it up behind thus.--

2345
3245
3425
3452

Now I take the second Change of the six, which is 435, and set it directly under 345, and the second Bell to it, and hunt it down thus.--

4352
4325
4235
2435

The second being hunted through the Change, I take the third Change in the six, which is 453, and hunt the second Bell through it, as before.--

2453
4253
4523
4532

And in the same course, the second being hunted through each Change of the six, will make Twenty-four, one Change of the six, hunting the second Bell through it, makes four Changes; so that the six Changes by hunting the second through each of them, will make six times four Changes (i.e.) Twenty-four. And now hunt the Treble through each of the Twenty-four Changes, and 'twill make Six-score; the first of the Twenty-four is 2345, take the Treble, and hunt it through it thus.--

12345
21345
23145
23415
23451

Now take the next Change of the Twenty-four, which is 3245, set it under the other Change, and hunt the Treble through it thus.--

32451
32415
32145
31245
13245

And in the same manner, hunting the Treble through each Change of the Twenty-four, will produce Twenty-four times five Changes, which makes Six-score; one Change of the Twenty-four (in hunting the Treble through it) makes five Changes.

In every Six-score on 5 Bells, there are 6 Extream Changes, there being twenty Changes from one Extream to another.

It would be an endless undertaking to set down all these Peals at large, but for the convenience of the Learner, I have set down some part of several of them, which may with ease be prickt out to the end of each Peal, as the Learner pleases.

Note, That in the following Peals there is a Line drawn at each Extream Change between the Figures, to shew where the Extreams are made; as in the next Peal there is a Line drawn between the Figures just 20 Changes from the beginning of the Peal, the change next after the Line is the Extream Change, which is 14352, and so of the rest; the Change next following each Line is the Extream.

Treble and second both up, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.

12345
21345
23145
23415
23451
32451
32415
32145
31245
13245
13425
31425
34125
34215
34251
34521
34512
34152
31452
13452
-----
14352
41352
43152
43512
43521
43251
43215
43125
41325
14325
14235
41235
42135
42315
42351
24351
24315
24135
21435
12435
-----
12453
21453
24153
24513
24531
42531
42513
42153
41253
14253
14523
41523
45123
45213
45231
45321
45312
45132
41532
14532
-----
15432
51432
54132
54312
54321
54231
54213
54123
51423
15423
15243
51243
52143
52413
52431
25431
25413
25143
21543
12543
-----
12534
21534
25134
25314
25341
52341
52314
52134
51234
15234
15324
51324
53124
53214
53241
53421
53412
53142
51342
15342
-----
13542
31542
35142
35412
35421
35241
35214
35124
31524
13524
13254
31254
32154
32514
32541
23541
23514
23154
21354
12354
-----
12345

Treble up, fifth down, Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.

12345
21345
23145
23415
23451
23541
23514
23154
21354
12354
12534
21534
25134
25314
25341
52341
52314
52134
51234
15234
-----
15243
51243
52143
52413
52431
25431
25413
25143
21543
12543
12453
21453
24153
24513
24531
24351
24315
24135
21435
12435
-----
14235
41235
42135
42315
42351
42531
42513
42153
41253
14253
14523
41523
45123
45213
45231
54231
54213
54123
51423
15423
-----
15432
51432
54132
54312
54321
45321
45312
45132
41532
14532
14352
41352
43152
43512
43521
43251
43215
43125
41325
14325
-----
13425
31425
34125
34215
34251
34521
34512
34152
31452
13452
13542
31542
35142
35412
35421
53421
53412
53142
51342
15342
-----
15324
51324
53124
53214
53241
35241
35214
35124
31524
13524
13254
31254
32154
32514
32541
32451
32415
32145
31245
13245
-----
12345

Second down, and fourth up, Extream between the two farthest Bells from the half Hunt.

12345
21345
21354
12354
13254
13524
13542
-----
31542
31524
31254
32154
23154
23145
32145
31245
31425
31452
34152
34125
34215
32415
23415
24315
42315
43215
43125
43152
-----
43512
43521
43251
42351
24351
23451

Second and third both down, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.

12345
21345
23145
32145
31245
31425
31452
-----
31542
31524
31254
32154
23154
21354
12354
13254
13524
13542
15342
15324
15234
12534
21534
21543
12543
15243
15423
15432
51432
51423
51243
52143

Third and fifth both up, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.

12345
12435
12453
-----
21453
21435
21345
23145
32145
32154
23154
21354
21534
21543
25143
25134
25314
23514
32514
35214
53214
52314
52134
52143
-----
52413
52431

Fourth down, Treble up, Extream between the two nearest Extream Bells to the half Hunt.

12345
12435
14235
41235
42135
24135
21435
21345
21354
23154
23145
23415
24315
42315
42351
24351
23451
23541
23514
-----
25314
25341
25431
24531
42531
42513
24513
25413
25143
25134
21534
21543
21453
24153
42153
41253
14253
12453
12543
12534
-----
15234
15243
15423
14523
41523
45123
54123
51423
51243
51234
52134
52143
52413
54213
45213
45231
54231
52431
52341
52314
-----
53214
53241

Fifth down, treble up, Extream Changes between the two farthest Extream Bells from the Half Hunt.

12345
12354
12534
15234
51234
52134
25134
21534
21354
21345
23145
23154
23514
25314
52314
52341
25341
23541
23451
23415
32415
32451
32541
35241
53241
53214
35214
32514
32154
32145
31245
31254

Treble & second both down.

12345
12354
21354
23154
23514
23541
32541
32514
32154
31254
13254
13524
31524
35124
35214
35241
35421

Second & treble both down.

12345
21345
21354
12354
13254
13524
13542
31542
31524
31254
32154
23154
23514
32514
35214
35124
35142
35412

The Changes on six Bells.

On six Bells there are Seven-hundred and twenty Changes to be made; but there are Peals of Six-score and Twelve-score Changes to be Rang on them. The Six-score Changes are to be made, by observing a whole Hunt and half Hunt, which are to be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-score on five Bells, and the Extream Changes to be made by the same Rule as they were on five Bells. The only difference between the Six-score on six Bells, and those on five, are this; whereas on five there are but three Extream Bells, on six there are four Extream Bells. And on five Bells, there are six Extream Changes in every Six-score; but on six, there are but four Extream Changes. And moreover, whereas in every Six-score on five Bells, the Changes were the same in each, although altered in course; but the Changes on six Bells are not the same in each, for several Six-scores has several Changes, one Six-score having many Changes which another has not, as in this Peal, treble and second both up, which is,

123456
213456
231456
234156
234516
234561
324561
324516
324156
321456
312456
132456
134256
314256
341256
342156
342516
342561
345261
345216
345126
341526
314526
134526
134562
314562
341562
345162
345612
345621
------
435621
435612
435162
431562
413562
143562
143526
413526
431526
435126
435216
435261
432561
432516
432156
431256
413256
143256
142356
412356
421356
423156
423516
423561
243561
243516
243156
241356
214356
124356
------
124365
214365
241365
243165
243615
243651
423651
423615
423165
421365
412365
142365
143265
413265
431265
432165
432615
432651
436251
436215
436125
431625
413625
143625
143652
413652
431652
436152
436512
436521
------
346521
346512
346152
341652
314652
134652
134625
314625
341625
346125
346215
346251
342651
342615
342165
341265
314265
134265
132465
312465
321465
324165
324615
324651
234651
234615
234165
231465
213465
123465
------
123456

There are other Peals to be Rang on six Bells, as Six-scores on the five smallest, the tenor lying behind all the way. Treble and second, or treble and fifth, with the tenor lying behind, makes very good Musick: Of which Peals I need not give you any Example, these Six-scores being the same with those on five Bells set down before.

The Twelve-score Changes being only part of the Seven-hundred and twenty, and consequently the course of each being one and the same, I will therefore shew the course and method of the Seven-hundred and twenty, wherein the Twelve-score Changes are also included.

In Ringing the Seven-hundred and Twenty, there is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, a quarter Hunt, and three Extream Bells; the whole Hunt and half Hunt does hunt in the same course and method, as they did in the Six-score on five Bells, and in the last Six-score; and the quarter Hunt removes in the same course under the half Hunt, as the half Hunt does under the whole Hunt: for instance, when the whole Hunt is hunted either before or behind the Bells, then the half Hunt removes over one Bell; and when the half Hunt is removed before or behind the quarter Hunt and Extream Bells (at which time in a Six-score the Extream is made) then the quarter Hunt removes over one Bell, in the same course as the half hunt moves, when the whole Hunt is before or behind. An Example I will set down, which is 1, 2 and 3 all up, that is to say, treble the whole Hunt, and to hunt up, second the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, and third the quarter Hunt, and to quarter hunt up 4, 5 and 6 are Extream Bells; there is alwayes an Extream Change to be made when the quarter Hunt comes before or behind the Extream Bells, there are two wayes to make the Extreams, which are the same here, as in the Six-score on five, and made by the same Rule, I will here make it between the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt. Now the treble and second being the whole Hunt and half Hunt, must be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-score on five Bells, after this manner.

123456
213456
231456
234156
234516
234561
324561
324516
324156
321456
312456
132456
134256
314256
341256
342156
342516
342561
345261
345216
345126
341526
314526
134526
134562
314562
341562
345162
345612
345621

The half Hunt being hunted up, the third is to remove up over one Bell, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to remove again thus.

435621
435612
435162
431562
413562
143562
143526
413526
431526
435126
435216
435261
432561
432516
432156
431256
413256
143256
142356
412356
421356
423156
423516
423561
243561
243516
243156
241356
214356
124356

The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted down, the quarter Hunt must remove up over the fifth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt up again, as in the following Changes.

124536
214536
241536
245136
245316
245361
425361
425316
425136
421536
412536
142536
145236
415236
451236
452136
452316
452361
453261
453216
453126
451326
415326
145326
145362
415362
451362
453162
453612
453621

The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter Hunt must be removed quite up over the sixth, as in this Change

456321

the quarter Hunt being hunted up behind the Extream Bells, yet the Extream Change is not to be made, until the whole Hunt and half Hunt have both removed thorough the Bells, as in these Changes.

456312
456132
451632
415632
145632
145623
415623
451623
456123
456213
456231
452631
452613
452163
451263
415263
145263
142563
412563
421563
425163
425613
425631
245631
245613
245163
241563
214563
124563

It is to be observed for a constant Rule, that when the quarter Hunt removes either quite up behind the Extream Bells, or down before them, the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt through the Bells before the Extream Change is to be made, as appears by the last Changes.

The Extream Change is now to be made between the 4 and 5, being the two farthest Extream Bells from the third, which is the quarter Hunt, thus.--

125463

The Extream being made, the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt must be hunted as before; and first the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to be hunted up, as in these Changes.

215463
251463
254163
254613
254631
524631
524613
524163
521463
512463
152463
154263
514263
541263
542163
542613
542631
546231
546213
546123
541623
514623
154623
154632
514632
541632
546132
546312
546321

The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter Hunt must hunt down under the sixth, which is the next Bell to it, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt down again, as in the Changes following.

543621
543612
543162
541362
514362
154362
154326
514326
541326
543126
543216
543261
542361
542316
542136
541236
514236
154236
152436
512436
521436
524136
524316
524361
254361
254316
254136
251436
215436
125436

The quarter Hunt must be hunted down under the Fourth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to hunt up again, as appears by these changes.

125346
215346
251346
253146
253416
253461
523461
523416
523146
521346
512346
152346
153246
513246
531246
532146
532416
532461
534261
534216
534126
531426
513426
153426
153462
513462
531462
534162
534612
534621

Now the quarter hunt is to be hunted down before the Extream Bells, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to hunt again before the Extream Change is made.

354621
354612
354162
351462
315462
135462
135426
315426
351426
354126
354216
354261
352461
352416
352146
351246
315246
135246
132546
312546
321546
325146
325416
325461
235461
235416
235146
231546
213546
123546

The quarter Hunt being before the Extream Bells, the Extream Change is to be made:

Here are just Twelve-score Changes already set down, and the Bells may either be brought round, and so make an end at the Twelve-score, or else proceed forward to the end of the Seven hundred and twenty. If the bells are not brought round here, they cannot come round, until the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are all made, and then they come round in course. To bring the Bells round at the end of these Twelve-score Changes, the Extream is to be made between the 5 and 4, which were the two Bells that made the last Extream Change, and brings them round in their right places again, as appears by these figures

123456.

There are but two Extream Changes in every Twelve-score, wherein 'tis constantly observed, that the last Extream Change is to be made between those two Bells which made the first Extream, otherwise the Bells would not come round at the end of the Twelve-score.

Here I have somewhat deviated from my directions before, in making the Extream Changes; for in the last Change, which is 123456, I made the Extream between the two nearest Extream Bells to the quarter Hunt; but the Twelve-score Changes are an imperfect Peal, being only a third part of the Changes which are to be made on six Bells, and therefore not to be brought round, unless the last Extream Change is made out of course. To have proceeded forward in the 720, the last Extream should have been made between the 4 and 6, which are the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt, the Change next before the Extream, is 123546; now the 4 and 6 making an Extream Change, the Bells stand thus, 123564; the Extream being made, the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ are to be hunted as before, and the Extream Changes to be made between the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter _hunt_, which course will bring the Bells round in their right places at the end of the 720. In every 720, there are six Extream Changes, there being Six-score Changes between each. The Twelve-score Changes are to be Rang with any whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_, observing to make the last Extream Change between those two Bells which made the first.

The 720 plain Changes are to be rang or set down One thousand four hundred and forty several wayes, by altering the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, quarter _hunt_, and Extream Bells (but the course of each is the same with that which is before set down) which I thus demonstrate. On 6 Bells, there are 120 several _hunts_, (viz.) a whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ Six-score several times, and not one and the same whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ twice, as appears by these Figures.--

123 213 312 412 512 612
124 214 314 413 513 613
125 215 315 415 514 614
126 216 316 416 516 615
132 231 321 421 521 621
134 234 324 423 523 623
135 235 325 425 524 624
136 236 326 426 526 625
142 241 341 431 531 631
143 243 342 432 532 632
145 245 345 435 534 634
146 246 346 436 536 635
152 251 351 451 541 641
153 253 352 452 542 642
154 254 354 453 543 643
156 256 356 456 546 645
162 261 361 461 561 651
163 263 362 462 562 652
164 264 364 463 563 653
165 265 365 465 564 654
--- --- --- --- --- ---

These Figures stand three and three together, each three represents the three Hunts; that is, the first is the whole Hunt, the second Figure the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt; for Example, the first three are 123, the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt: The next three Figures are 124, there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt; and the last three Figures are 654, where the sixth is the whole Hunt, the fifth the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so of all the rest.

With one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are to be Rang, or set down twelve several wayes; for instance, take the first three Hunts in these Figures, which are 123, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt, which may be hunted six several wayes, as followeth.

Treble, second and third, all up.
Treble and second up, third down.
Treble up, second and third down.
Treble, second and third, all down.
Treble and second down, third up.
Treble down, second and third up.

Each of these are to be Rang two wayes, one is to make the Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the Extream between the two next Bells to the quarter Hunt.

By treble, second and third all up, is meant, that the treble is the whole _hunt_, and to hunt up the first Change at the beginning of the Peal; the second is the half _hunt_, and to half hunt up; that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bells the first time it moves at the beginning of the Peal; and the third is the quarter _hunt_, and to move likewise toward the hindmost Bells the first time it removes. And by treble and second up, and third down, is meant, that the treble and second are to move up towards the hindmost Bell, the first time each removes at the beginning of the Peal; and the third being the quarter _hunt_, is to move down the first time, which are only directions for moving the _hunts_ at first, because they may be hunted either up or down.

Sometimes it happens, that the _hunts_ cannot be hunted that way which is proposed, as in the 720, treble, second and third all down.--

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The whole _hunt_ which is the treble, should now be hunted down; but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed no lower; I should therefore remove the half _hunt_ down, but that being also down as low as it can go, I should move the quarter _hunt_; and that being also down before the Extream Bells, I can move it no lower, unless I should move it down under the second, which is the half _hunt_, which must not be done; for when the quarter _hunt_ is down next before the _Extream Bell_, it must be removed no lower; and when it is up next behind _Extream Bell_, it is to be removed up no higher; therefore it being now before the _Extream Bell_, the _Extream Change_ is to be made the first of all; and when that is done, the treble, second and third must be hunted up in course. Or if you make treble and second down, and third up, then the first Change is to be made, by moving the quarter _Hunt_ up over one _Bell_. And again, if you make Treble and Tenor both up, and Third down, first hunt up the Treble, and then the Tenor, which is the half _Hunt_, should be moved up; but it being already behind, the quarter _Hunt_, which is the Third, must move under one _Bell_, and then the whole _Hunt_ and half are to hunt in course after each other: Many Examples of this Nature I could set down, which for brevity sake I omit.

I might demonstrate how the 720 are to be Rang twelve wayes, with each of the Six-score Hunts, as I did that of treble, second and third; but I think that altogether needless, since that Example makes it most plain and easie to be understood: But I will give a general Rule for hunting any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, so as to produce six several wayes to Ring the 720 Changes, which is this: