Chapter II: Part 2

Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, all hunted up.
Whole Hunt, and half Hunt hunted up, and quarter Hunt down.
Whole Hunt hunted up, half Hunt and quarter Hunt down.
Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt hunted down.
Whole Hunt and half Hunt hunted down, and quarter Hunt up.
Whole Hunt hunted down, half Hunt and quarter Hunt hunted up.

Which is a general Rule to Ring the 720 six wayes on any one of the Six-score Hunts; each of which six wayes, may be Rang two wayes more, by altering the _Extream Changes_, one of which is to make the _Extream Changes_ between the two next _Extream Bells_ to the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the _Extreams_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from it.

The 720 Changes are to be Rang 12 wayes with one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; so that with the Six-score Hunts, it is to be Rang Six-score times twelve wayes, which makes One thousand four hundred and forty several wayes to Ring this 720 plain Changes.

In the 720, the half Hunt, the quarter Hunt, and the three _Extream_ Bells, makes the Six-score Changes on 5 Bells in a perfect course, the half Hunt and quarter hunt in the 720, being the whole Hunt and half Hunt in the Six-score; for Example, take the 23456, and set down the Six-score Changes on them, making the second the whole hunt, and the third the half hunt; which when you have set down, then take the Treble, and hunt it through every Change of that Six-score, and it will make 720 Changes, the same with those which I have set down before, The Twenty-four Changes on four Bells, and the six changes on three Bells, have also a perfect course in the 720, in the same manner as I told you they had in the Six-scores on five Bells. There is always one change in the Six-score made every time the whole hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is every sixth change; and there's one change of the Twenty-four made, every time the whole hunt and half hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is once in thirty changes; and one change of the six made every extream, that is once in six-score changes. You may take the six-score changes on five bells, treble the whole, and second the half hunt, before set down; and hunt the sixth bell through every change of that six score, which will make the 720 changes; Tenor the whole hunt, Treble the half hunt, and Second the quarter hunt.

This is not material for a Learner to know, it being only for the instructions of those that know how to Ring it, but yet are ignorant of the true grounds thereof; therefore I have dissected it, and shewed the grounds of each part of it.

In this place, I will add a word or two to those that practise to Ring the Changes.

They that Ring the extream bells in the Twenty-four changes, must mind and observe the motion of the hunt, that they may the better know when to make the extream changes; and likewise in a six-score on five bells, he that Rings the half hunt, must observe the motion of the whole hunt; and they that Ring the extream bells, must observe the motions both of the whole hunt, and half hunt, that they may know when the half hunt is to move, and also when to make the extream changes; or else he that does Ring the half hunt, may give notice of the extream changes (by saying _Extream_) the change next before the extream is to be made. The same is to be observed in the changes on six bells. The whole hunt is the easiest bell to Ring in any changes, the half hunt is more plain and easie to Ring, than an extream bell. All changes are to be Rang either by _walking_ them (as the term is) or else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By _walking_ them, is meant, that the bells go round, four, six, eight times, or more, in one change, which is commonly used by young Practisers; it may be sometimes on five bells, Ringing the Twenty-four changes on the treble, second, third, and fourth, the fifth bell striking behind every change; and many other changes of the like nature may be practised this way by young Ringers. Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke, and in a change; so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time, but of late there is a more quick and ready way practised, called Half-pulls, which is--only one round in a change, that is, one change made at the Fore-stroke, and another at the Back-stroke, which way is now altogether in use (unless it be at some great bells, which are too weighty to be managed up so high a Compass at the Back-stroke, as Half-pulls requires) it being now a common thing in _London_ to Ring the 720 _Changes_, _Trebles and Doubles_, and _Grandsire Bob_, _Half-pulls_, (which is commonly Rang with so round and quick a Compass, that in the space of half an hour, or little more, the 720 Changes are Rang out from the beginning to the end.) And also the Six-scores _Doubles and Singles_, _Old Doubles_, _Grandsire_, and many other cross Peals on five bells, are commonly Rang Half-pulls.

In Ringing Half-pulls some Peals do cut Compass, that is--the whole _hunt_ comes to lead at the Back-stroke, to remedy which, make the first change of the Peal at the Back-stroke.

By these following Rules, you shall know what Peals do cut Compass, and what not (i.e.) of plain and single changes. _On six Bells_,

In hunting either the treble, the third, or the fifth bells down, cuts Compass; hunting them up, does not cut Compass.

In hunting the second, fourth, or sixth bells up, cuts Compass; but hunting them down, does not cut Compass.

These Rules (leaving out the Tenor) serves for five bells; and leaving out the fifth and Tenor, they serve for four bells.

The
Twelve score LONG HUNTS:
Or the
ESQUIRE'S Twelve-score.

This Peal is to be Rang on six bells, having two whole _hunts_, and one half _hunt_; the common way of Ringing, it is to make the fifth and Tenor the whole _hunts_, and the Treble the half _hunt_. The Tenor and fifth does each _hunt_ down by turns, and when either of them comes down before the bells, it leads twice, and then _hunts_ up again.

The Treble, second, third, and fourth, makes the Twenty-four changes, one of which is made every time either of the whole _hunts_ leads: For instance, the Tenor is first to be _hunted_ down, thus.--

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The tenor being hunted down, and lying before the bells, there is one change in the Twenty-four now to be made between treble and second, thus.--

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The tenor is to be hunted up into its place, and the fifth hunts down.--

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The fifth being now before the bells, there is another change in the Twenty-four to be made between the treble and third, as in this change.--

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The fifth is now to hunt up, and the tenor to hunt down again, in which course they continue to the end of the Peal, observing to make an extream change, when the treble (which is the hunt in the Twenty-four) comes before or behind the extream bells.

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This Peal may be Rang by making the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in the place of the Twenty-four plain Changes, and many other wayes, which I leave to the Learner to practise.

The Variety of Changes on any Number of Bells.

The changes on bells do multiply infinitely. On two bells there are two changes. On three bells are three times as many changes as there are on two; that is--three times two changes, which makes six. On four bells there are four times as many changes as on three; that is--four times six changes, which makes Twenty-four. On five bells there are five times as many changes as there are on four bells; that is--five times Twenty-four changes, which makes Six-score. On six bells are six times as many changes as there are on five; that is--six times Six-score changes, which makes Seven-hundred and twenty: And in the same manner, by increasing the number of bells, they multiply innumerably, as in the Table of Figures next following; where each of the Figures in the Column of the left hand, standing directly under one another (which are 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.) do represent the number of bells; and the Figures going along towards the right hand, directly from each of those twelve Figures, are the number of changes to be rung on that number of bells which the Figure represents: For Example, the uppermost Figure on the left hand is 2, which stands for two bells; and the Figure next to it on the right hand is also 2, which stands for two changes; that is to say, on two bells there are two changes. The next Figure below in the left Column is 3, which stands for three Bells; and the Figure next to it on the right hand is 6, which stands for six changes; that is--on three bells are six changes, and so of the rest as follows.

bells changes

2 2
3 6
4 24
5 120
6 720
7 5040
8 40320
9 362880
10 3628800
11 39916800
12 479001600

The lowest of these figures are 479001600, that is, Four hundred seventy nine Millions, one thousand six hundred, which are all the changes that can be made on twelve bells: And supposing that twelve men should take 12 bells with intent to ring the changes on them, they would be Seventy five Years, ten Months, one Week and three Dayes in ringing them, according to the proportion of ringing 720 changes in an hour; reckoning 24 hours to the day, and 365 dayes in the Year.

Having given Directions for all sorts of plain and single Changes, I will now proceed to Cross-peals, and first to Doubles and Singles on four Bells.

Doubles And Singles on four Bells.

On four bells there are 24 changes to be made Doubles and Singles, wherein are twelve double changes, and 12 single; next to every double change, there is a single; so that 2 double changes do not come together in any place throughout the Peal, neither does two single changes at any time come together; but one change is double, and the next is single, to the end of the Peal. Every double change is made between the four bells; that is--there are two changes made at one time, between the bells in treble and seconds places, and the bells in third and fourths places. Every single change is made between the two bells in the middle (i.e.) in seconds and thirds places; excepting the extream changes, which are single, and made between the two farthest extream bells from the Hunt. An Example I here set down, making the treble the Hunt, and I hunt it up at the beginning of the Peal (for it may be hunted either up or down at pleasure) and I make an extream change every time the whole Hunt comes before the bells. In ringing it, 'tis observed, that every bell hunts in course, and lies twice before, and twice behind, except only when the extream is to be made, and then the two farthest extream bells from the Hunt, does make a dodge, and then moves in their former course, as in these changes.--

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Now the hunt is before the bells, there is an extream change made between the two farthest bells from it, which are the 2 and 4, thus.--

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The extream change being made, the bells are to move, as before, observing to make an extream change every time the whole hunt comes before the bells.

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In this last Twenty-four, the treble is hunted up at the beginning; it may be rang by hunting it down, which is to be down, by making the first a single change, and then hunt it up as before.

With one hunt this Peal may be rang six wayes (viz.) three wayes in hunting it up at the beginning of each Peal, and the other three wayes by hunting it down; the three wayes in hunting it up, differs only in making the extream changes; in one of the three wayes you must make an extream change every time the hunt comes before the bells to lead, as in the Twenty-four changes before set down. Another way is to make an extream every time the hunt comes behind. And the third way, is to make an extream every time the hunt comes before and behind the bells. The three wayes in hunting it down, are to be rang by making the extream changes, as in the three wayes before; in hunting one bell, there are six wayes to ring this Peal; therefore with the four bells (in making each of them to hunt) there are four times six wayes to ring it, which makes Twenty-four several wayes. And for the benefit of the Learner, I have set down certain Rules, shewing how to begin any of the aforesaid Peals (viz.)

In hunting either the treble or third up, the first change is double; but in hunting either of them down, the first is single.

In hunting the second or the fourth up, the first change is single; but in hunting either of them down, the first change in each Peal must be double.

Doubles and Singles on five Bells.

There is a Peal to be rang on five bells, called Doubles and Singles, wherein are Six-score several changes, sixty of which are double changes, and sixty are single; the double and single changes are so intermixt, that two double changes does not at any time come together in the Six-score; neither are two single changes made next to each other in any part of this Peal, but one change is double, and the next single, in which course they are made to the end. Every double change is made between the four foremost bells (i.e.) in treble, second, third, and fourth places. When the whole hunt is hunting up, each single change is made between the whole hunt, and the next bell above it. In hunting down the single changes are made between the whole hunt, and the next bell below it, the whole hunt being alwayes one of the two bells which makes every single change, except only when it leads, and then the single change is made in third and fourths places; but the extream is also a single change, and made (when the whole hunt leads) between the two farthest extream bells from the half hunt; the half hunt is to lie either before or behind the extream bells, when the extream changes are made, of which I shall shew you more anon.

In this Peal there is a whole hunt, a half hunt, and three extream Bells; the whole hunt in a direct course does hunt up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind all the way; every other bell leads twice together throughout the Peal.

And when the whole hunt leaves the thirds place, hunting up, then every bell that comes into second and thirds places, does lie in each of those places twice together, until the whole hunt comes down again into thirds place, at which time the bell in fourths place lies there twice, and then makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place (unless an extream change is to be made) and so removes directly down before the bells. And that bell which comes into the tenors place (when the whole hunt leaves that place hunting down) lies still there, until the whole hunt removes up into that place again, except only when the extream is made behind, and then the bell in fourths place moves into tenors place, and lies there until the whole hunt moves up into that place.

With one whole hunt, and half hunt, this Peal may be rang six wayes, in three of which the whole hunt is to be hunted up at the beginning of each Peal, which three wayes differs only in making the extream changes. One way, is to make an extream change every time the half hunt comes before the extream bells, as in the following Six-score. The second way, is to make an extream change every time the half hunt comes behind the extream bells. And the third way, is to make an extream every time, the half hunt comes before and behind the extream bells. In this last way there are six extreams in each Peal, but in the other two ways there are but three extreams in each Peal.

The three wayes aforesaid, are to be rang, by hunting up the whole hunt; but it may be rang three wayes more, in hunting down the same whole hunt, in which three ways the extreams are to be made, as I shewed you before. The whole hunt is alwayes to lead when every extream change is made.

This Peal I have set down at large, making the treble the whole hunt, the second the half hunt; and an extream change every time the half hunt comes before the extream bells, as in the following changes. I have drawn a Line between the figures at the extream changes, that next below the Line is the extream.

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This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; there being twenty hunts on five bells (that is--a whole hunt, and half hunt twenty times on five bells, and not one and the same whole hunt and half hunt twice, as I shewed more at large in the plain changes on five bells before set down) and with each hunt, that is, with one whole hunt and half hunt, it may be rang six wayes; so that multiply twenty, (which are the number of hunts) by six, (which are the number of Peals to be rung on each hunt) and it will produce Six-score several wayes to ring it.

It may be prick't, or rang Six-score several wayes more, by making the extream changes when the whole hunt lies behind the bells, but those wayes are never practised; neither do I think it material to say any thing more of them in this place, having only inserted this, to shew the great variety there is in this Peal. It being somewhat difficult to know the true way of beginning each Peal, I have therefore set down certain Rules, shewing how the first changes in each are to be made.

In hunting the treble, the third, or the fifth bells up, the first change in each Peal is to be made double.

In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places, unless the half hunt lies so, as that the extream is to be made.

In hunting the third or fifth down, the first change is to be made single, between the whole hunt, and the next bell below it.

In hunting up the second or fourth, the first change in each Peal is single, between the whole hunt, and the next bell above it.

In hunting down the second or fourth, the first change is to be made double.

Every double change in all the Peals of Doubles and Singles, is made between the four foremost bells; that is--in treble, second, third and fourths places.

Tendring's Six-score on five Bells.

In this Peal are contained Six-score changes, which are Doubles and Singles, there being sixty double changes in it, and sixty single, which are so intermixt, that two double changes does not come together in any part of the Peal; neither are there 2 single changes at any time made together, but one change is double, and the next to it is single; in which course the changes are all made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made between the 2 hindmost bells. There is a whole hunt and half hunt in it. The observation in ringing it, is this: When the whole hunt lies before the bells, and is to hunt up, first it moves up into seconds place, where it lies twice; then into thirds place, where it lies also twice; then into the fourths place, where it lies once; and in the tenors place once: Then it makes a dodge with the bell in fourths place, after which it lies twice behind; then it moves down into fourths place, and makes a dodge with the bell in tenors place, and then moves down into thirds place, where it lies twice, and in the seconds place twice, and then it leads four times; after which, it hunts again, as before. The course of the other four bells are exactly the same with that of the whole hunt, in moving up and down, except only when the Bob changes are made, and then they differ; but after the Bobs are made, their course is the same as before; every bell lies four times together before the bells, and twice in the seconds place without any alteration. In this Peal are two sorts of Bobs; one of which is called a double Bob, and the other a single Bob. The Rule for making the double Bob is this, when the whole hunt is hunting down, and lies in the seconds place, and the half hunt lies behind, then there's a double Bob; that is, two Bob-changes; one of which is made the next change, wherein the whole hunt moves down to lead; where having led four times, there is then another Bob-change to be made, in which the whole hunt moves up into the seconds place. The Rule for making the single Bob, is this, when the whole hunt has led four times, and the half hunt lies in thirds place; then the next change following is a single Bob, that is--one Bob-change, in which the whole hunt moves out of the trebles place up into the seconds place, every Bob is a double change, and made between the two first, and two last bells, the bell in thirds place lying still when each Bob is made, where it lies four times together, and then moves down; every time the whole hunt comes before the bells, there is either a single Bob, or a double Bob made. At every double Bob, those two bells that do dodge behind at the first Bob-change, continues dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts them: And likewise at the single Bob, those 2 bells which do dodge behind at the Bob-change, continue dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts them, as in the following changes, where the treble is the whole hunt, the tenor the half hunt, and the first is a Bob-change, being supposed to be the second Bob-change of a double Bob.

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This Peal was made out of _Grandsire_ on five bells, the Bob-changes in this, being the same with those in _Grandsire_, and made by the same Rule.

Paradox on five Bells.

This Peal of _Paradox_ is to be rang on five bells, wherein are Six-score changes, they are Doubles and Singles; that is--one change double, and another single; in which course they are made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made in second and thirds places, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then 'tis made in third and fourths places; but the extream Changes are (also single) and made between the two farthest extream bells from the half Hunt; the whole Hunt lies before the bells, when every extream change is made. Every bell lies four times together before, and four times behind, except only when the extream changes are made behind. There is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three extream bells; the course of the whole Hunt is this, it being before the bells, first it moves up into the second and thirds places, then it makes a dodge with the bell in seconds place, and moves out of the thirds place up into fourths, where it lies alwayes twice, then moves up behind, where it lies four times, and then moves down into fourths place, where having lay twice, it hunts down into seconds place, and makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place, and then moves down before the bells, where having lay twice, it hunts as before; each of the other bells has the same course (in hunting up and down) as the whole Hunt until the whole Hunt leads, at which time every bell that comes into seconds place lies there twice together, unless the extream change is to be made in second and thirds places.

In this following Peal the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt; the extream changes are made, when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells.

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I have drawn a Line between the Figures at the extream changes, that next below each Line is the extream; the first extream is Forty changes from the beginning.

This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells. The half Hunt, and three extream bells in this Peal, makes the Twenty four changes in a perfect course. There are four changes made in the Twenty-four every time the whole Hunt leads, which coming before the bells six times in the Six-score, and each time lying there four times together, makes six times four changes, which is Twenty four. 'Tis easily made out, if you take every change that is made when the whole Hunt is before the bells in the Six-score before, and set the changes down by themselves (leaving out the treble) where you will find, that the second, third, fourth and fifth, make the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in a perfect course; second is the Hunt, and the extreams are made when the Hunt is before.

_Paradox_ may be rang Six-score several wayes. With one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be rang six wayes, in three of which the whole Hunt is to be hunted up; and in the other three wayes it is to be hunted down, in which six wayes the extream changes are to be made by the same Rules, and in the same manner, as I shewed before in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five bells; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be prick't or rang twenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score.

This Peal may be prick't Six-score wayes more, by making the extreams when the whole Hunt lies behind the bells, but that being never practised, I will say no more of it. I have here set down some general Rules for beginning the several Peals of _Paradox_ by the former course (i.e.) in making the extreams when the whole Hunt is before the bells.

In hunting the treble up, the first change is double between the four first bells, thus.--

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In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places

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unless the half Hunt lies so, that the extreams may be made.

Second up, the first change is single in second and thirds places, thus.--

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Second down, the first change is double between the four first bells.

Third up, the first change is double between the four first bells.

Third down, the first change is single in second and thirds places.

Fourth up, the first change is double between the four hindmost bells, thus.--

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Fourth down, the first change is double between the four first bells.

Fifth up, the first change is single in second and thirds places.

Fifth down, the first change is double between the four hindmost bells.

If you observe these Rules aright, together with my former directions, you may with much ease prick down any Peal of _Paradox_.

PHOENIX. On five Bells.

This Peal has Six score changes in it, which are Doubles and Singles; the tenor is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt. Every bell lies twice before, and four times behind; every single change is made in second and thirds places, and every bell that comes into fourths place, lies there twice together, until the tenor comes behind; at which time, the fourth lying in the seconds place, the next single change is made in third and fourths places; but the tenor lying behind, and the fourth in thirds place, then the two next following single changes are in third and fourths places.

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London Pleasure on five Bells.

In this Peal called _London Pleasure_, are Six-score changes, which are all single. It being a confused Peal to ring, I shall say nothing more of it, but expose it to view, as in the following changes.

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What you please. Doubles and Singles on 5 Bells.

Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the extream is made behind, and twice in the seconds place, except when the extream is before; and note, when the treble is before the fourth stroke, the single is in second and third, the next time the single is behind; but at other times, the single is in third and fourths places. When any bell leaves leading, the double change is on the two first, and two last, and the extreams are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six extreams.

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Reading Doubles. On five Bells.

In this Peal are Six-score changes, the treble is a Hunt; and note when treble is in thirds place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodge until it comes into the same place hunting downwards; and alwayes when the treble is going to lead, the four first bells makes the double change, if the third be behind; but if it be before, the double is on the two first and two last; every bell lieth twice behind, except when the treble goes to lead, if the third be before; and note, when it is 1, 3, 2, there is a single in second and thirds places, which is twice, once at the Three-score end, and Six-score end.

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Old Doubles. On five Bells.

This Peal call'd _Old Doubles_, is to be rang on five bells, wherein are Six-score changes, which are all Doubles, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is always a single change made. It has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three extream bells; every bell leads twice together all the way, and lies twice behind, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then the bell behind lies there four times together, unless the extream is made behind, and then but twice. Every bell hunts in a perfect course, until the whole Hunt leads, and then the single is to be made, at which time the bell in seconds place lies there twice (unless the extream is made in second and thirds place) and every single change is made in third and fourths places, except the extreams which are (in this Peal) made by the same rule and after the same manner, as I shewed before in the Six-score call'd Doubles and Singles on five bells. In making the single changes in third and fourths places, it is observed, that the bell which lies in fourths place (the change next before the single) is hunting up; and in making the single change, it does dodge with the bell in thirds place, and so hunts up behind; and likewise the bell that lies in thirds place (in the change next before the single) is hunting down, and in making the single it does dodge with the bell in fourths place, and then hunts directly down.

In this following Peal, the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and an extream change is alwayes made, when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells next to the whole Hunt; every extream is made between the two farthest extream bells from the half Hunt, as in the following changes.

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This Peal of _Old Doubles_, is grounded on the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells, which are made in a perfect course herein; every time the whole Hunt leads, there are two changes made in the Twenty-four; the half Hunt, and three extream bells, makes the Twenty-four changes, and every single change in this Peal, is a single change in the Twenty-four.

This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; with one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it is to be rang six wayes (i.e.) three wayes in hunting up the whole Hunt at the beginning of the Peal, and the other wayes in hunting it down; in which six wayes, the Extream Changes are to be made by the same rule, and in the same manner, as those in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five Bells, and _Paradox_ before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be rang twenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score.

In these Six-score wayes, the whole Hunt is before the Bells when every single Change is made; but it may be rang Six-score several wayes more, by making the single Changes when the whole Hunt lies behind them, which being never practised, I will say no more of it.

For the convenience and benefit of the Practitioner, I have set down certain rules, shewing how to begin each Peal of _Old Doubles_ (with any Hunt) by the former course (i.e.) in making the single Changes, when the whole Hunt lies before the Bells, these Rules serving only for moving the whole Hunt at the beginning of each Peal, for it may be hunted either up or down.

In hunting either the treble, third, or fifth Bells up, the first change is made between the four foremost Bells, thus.--

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--The treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places, unless the half Hunt lies so, as that the Extream is to be made.

--The third or fifth down, the first change is between the four hindmost Bells, thus.--

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--The second or fourth up, the first change is between the four hindmost Bells.

--The second or fourth down, the first change between the four foremost Bells.

In ringing any of these Peals, where the first change is made between the four hindmost Bells, it must be made at the Back-stroke, otherwise the Bells will cut Compass all the way; every double change is made either between the four foremost, or four hindmost bells.

New Doubles. On five Bells.

In this Peal of _New Doubles_, there are Six-score Changes, which are all double, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is alwayes a single Change made; it has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extream Bells. The whole Hunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind. When the whole Hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up, then each Bell that comes into that place, lies there twice, and then moves up behind; and the Bells in treble and seconds places, does continue dodging from the time that the whole Hunt hunts up out of thirds place, until it comes into that place again hunting down; and that Bell which comes into thirds place (when the whole Hunt leaves it hunting down, lies there twice, and then moves up behind) and the next Bell that comes into that place, lies there twice also, and then moves down before the Bells. But note, that Bell which lies in the thirds place (in the Change next before the Extream) continues there, until the whole Hunt hunts up into that place, and then it moves down; when the whole Hunt leads the Bell in seconds place, lies there twice together, and then moves down before the Bells; and every Bell that comes behind, lies there twice, except only in the Change next before, and that next after the whole Hunt leads; every single Change is made in third and fourths places, except the Extreams, which are also single Changes, and made between the two hindmost Bells, when the half Hunt lies before the Extream Bells next to the whole Hunt.

These directions are only for Ringing this Peal next following; but it may be Rang many other wayes, by making the Extream Changes in other places, of which I shall speak more anon.

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This Peal may be Rang Six-score several wayes. With one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be Rang six wayes; in three of which, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up, and in the other three wayes it is to be hunted down; which six wayes are to be Rang, by making the Extream changes by the same rules, and in the same manner, as in Doubles and Singles on five Bells, _Old Doubles_, and _Paradox_, before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be Rang twenty times six wayes; which makes Six-score.

This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four Changes, Doubles and Singles on four Bells, the half Hunt and three Extream Bells makes the Twenty-four Changes in perfect course; and in the same manner, as I shewed you in _Paradox_, and _Old Doubles_.

These following rules shews how to begin any Peal of _New Doubles_.

In hunting either the treble or fourth up, the first change must be double between the two first, and two last Bells, thus.--

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In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places, unless the extream is to be made.

--The fourth down, the first change is between the four first Bells.

Second up, first change double between the four hindmost Bells.

Second down, the first change is double between the two first, and two last Bells.

Third up, first change double between the four foremost Bells.

Third down, first change double between the four hindmost Bells.

Fifth up, double between the four first Bells.

Fifth down, first change double, two first and two last Bells.

Grandsire on five Bells.

_Grandsire_ is the best and most ingenious Peal that ever was composed, to be rang on five bells, it having no dependance on the course of any other Peal. There are Sixscore changes in it, in pricking of which, there is the greatest variety of any other Peal whatsoever; for it may be prick't or rang some thousands of wayes. The common way of ringing it, is to make the Bobs and single changes when the whole Hunt leads, which course and method I will first set down, and afterward say something of the other wayes in ringing it. It has a whole hunt and half hunt, the changes are all double except two, which are single. The whole hunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and lies twice together before, and twice behind all the way; every other bell has the same course as the whole hunt, in moving and hunting up and down; and each bell lead twice together all the way, and lie twice together behind, except only at the Bobs. Every Bob-change is made between the two first and two last bells, the bell in thirds place lies full when every Bob-change is made, and then moves down; and every other double change is made between the four bells that stand together (viz.) either the four first, or four last bells. There are two sorts of Bobs, one of which is call'd a single Bob, and the other a double. The Rule for making the single Bob is this--When the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies in thirds place, the next is a Bob-change; in making of which, the whole hunt moves out of the trebles place up into the seconds place hunting up, and the bell which lies behind in the change next before the Bob, makes a dodge with the bell in fourths place, and then lies twice behind; and that bell which did dodge with the bell in tenors place, moves directly down; this is a single Bob, that is, one Bob-change. The Rule for making the double Bob is this--When the whole hunt lies in the seconds place hunting down, and the half hunt behind, then there is a double Bob, that is, two Bob-changes, one of which is made the next change wherein the whole Hunt moves out of the seconds place down before the bells, and the other bob is made the next change but one to it, in which the whole Hunt moves from before the bells up into the seconds place; the bell which lies in the thirds place when every Bob-change is made, lies there twice, and then moves down. And at every double Bob, the two hindmost bells continue dodging until the whole Hunt moves up into the seconds place, and parts them. Every time the whole Hunt comes before the bells, there is either a single Bob, or double Bob made, which comes by turns, one single, and the next double throughout the Peal.

The greatest variety of this Peal consists in making the single changes. In this way of Ringing it (with any whole Hunt and half Hunt) the first single change may be made either at the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth Bobs, at the single or double Bobs at pleasure; observing for a constant Rule, that the half Hunt is alwayes one of the two bells which makes every single change; for the single changes are so contrived, that (in making them) the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant course as at other times. At the single Bob, the single change is made in seconds and thirds places; and at the double Bob, 'tis made in fourth and fifths places, the other three bells lying still in their places, whil'st each single change is made; the next change to each single, is a Bob-change; every single change is made when the whole hunt lies before the bells; there being alwayes sixty changes, from the first single change to the second; if the first single change is made at a single bob, then the second single change must be made at the third single bob from it; or if the first single change is made at a double bob, the second single change must be made at the third double bob from that where the first was made.

This Peal may be rang without making any single change therein, which is done by making a double change to supply the place of it. There are two of these double changes in each Peal; the first of them may be made at any bob within sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal, and the second is to be made just sixty changes from the first. At a double bob, it may be made at either of the two bob-changes; at the first of them, 'tis made by moving the whole Hunt down, and the bell in thirds place up over two bells at once into the tenors place, thus:--

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In making it at the second bob change of the double bob, 'tis the same as at the first, only in that the whole Hunt moved down to lead; but in this it must move up from before the bells into the seconds place, as in this change:--

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The changes next following these, are the same as at other times. At the single bob, 'tis to be made when the whole Hunt lies in the seconds place hunting down; in which place it may be made two wayes, in one of which the bell in thirds place is to be moved up behind, in the same manner as I showed you at the double bob: The other way, is to move the bell in tenors place down into the thirds place, thus:--

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Now the reason wherefore at this place it may be made two wayes, and at each of the double bob changes but one way, is this; At the double bob, the half Hunt lies behind, which cannot be moved into thirds place, for that would put it out of its course; but in the single bob, the half Hunt lying before the bells, and the whole Hunt in seconds place, so that neither of those bells are concerned therein; therefore it may be made either by moving the bell in thirds place up behind, or else by moving the hindmost bell down into thirds place, both which are to one effect, though different changes; for these changes are so continued, that (in making them) the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant course, as at other times.

I have here set down this Peal of Grandsire, making the treble the whole Hunt, and the tenor the half Hunt, and the first single change is made the sixth bob; that is, the third double bob, which is sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; you may know the single change, by the line drawn between the figures at the single change, that next after the line is the single: Grandsire is most commonly rang, as it is here prickt; but it may be rang any other way, according to my directions before.

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