Chapter IX

1584-1588 416

English Catholics _versus_ Scottish—Santa Cruz’s proposal to
conquer England—Enlisting the Pope—Intrigues in Rome—Mary
Stuart and Philip—Drake’s raid on Galicia—Elizabeth assumes
the protectorate of the Netherlands—War at last inevitable—The
preliminaries of the Armada—The Babington plot—Philip’s
consent—His distrust—Discovery—Elizabeth’s fears of war—Her
approaches to Spain—Santa Cruz’s fresh proposals to invade
England—His great plan—The Scottish Catholics try again to
share the attack upon England—Failure of Huntly’s scheme—Guise
not allowed by Philip to interfere—Mendoza in favour of the
Scottish plan—Philip’s claims to the English crown—The peace
negotiations—Drake’s dash upon Cadiz—Parma and the Armada—Death
of Santa Cruz—Medina Sidonia—The Armada—The failure and its
causes—The end of the struggle to win England

ILLUSTRATIONS

PHILIP II. IN 1586 _Frontispiece_
From a Contemporary Engraving by Essarts

TO FACE PAGE

PHILIP II. AT THE AGE OF 24 38
From the Painting by Titian in the Prado Museum.
Photograph by R. Anderson

WILLIAM LORD PAGET 62
From a Painting in the National Portrait Gallery

QUEEN MARY AT THE PERIOD OF HER MARRIAGE 80
From the painting by Antonio Mor in the Prado Museum.
Photograph by R. Anderson

CARDINAL REGINALD POLE, PAPAL LEGATE AND ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY 102
After a Painting by Sebastiano del Piombo. Photograph by W. A.
Mansell & Co.

QUEEN ELIZABETH 192
From a Painting by Zucchero in the National Portrait Gallery

ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL OF LEICESTER 208
From a Painting at the National Portrait Gallery

WILLIAM CECIL, LORD BURGHLEY 228
From the Painting by Marc Gheeraedts in the National
Portrait Gallery

FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, THIRD DUKE OF ALBA 308
From an Engraving

ROBERT PARSONS, S.J., 1546-1610 368

HENRI, DUC DE GUISE 400
From an Engraving. Photograph by W. A. Mansell & Co.

CARDINAL ALLEN 432
From a Photograph by W. A. Mansell & Co.

QUEEN ELIZABETH 464
From the Painting by Marc Gheeraedts at the National
Portrait Gallery

TWO ENGLISH QUEENS AND PHILIP