Chapter LIII: Appendix: Financial and Commercial Statistics

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The increase in Uruguay's trade with foreign countries since
1862--Trade with foreign countries in 1908--Imports of articles
destined for commercial purposes--Imports of articles destined
for industrial purposes--Ports to which Uruguayan wool was
chiefly exported during 1908--Values of imports from foreign
countries--Values of exports to foreign countries--Values of
goods handled by the various ports since 1909--Proportion of
cultivated soil compared with the area of departments--Live stock
census of the Republic in 1900, showing the amounts owned by
Uruguayan and foreign proprietors--The distribution of live stock
in the various departments--Principal articles exported from
Uruguay to the United Kingdom in 1909--Principal articles
exported from the United Kingdom to Uruguay in 1909--Uruguay's
Budget--Distribution of expenditure among the various
departments--Services provided for by special revenues--Principal
sources from which the revenues are derived--The development of
the State Bank during the years 1897-1909--Balance-sheet--Cereal
production in tons--Cereal harvest for the year 1908-9--Cable,
telegraph, and telephone systems--Postal service.

TABLE SHOWING THE INCREASE IN URUGUAY'S TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES SINCE 1862

------+-------------+-------------+------------+
Year. | Imports. | Exports. | Total. |
------+-------------+-------------+------------+
1862 | $8,151,802 | $8,804,442 |$16,956,244 |
1864 | 8,384,167 | 6,334,706 | 14,718,873 |
1866 | 14,608,091 | 10,665,040 | 25,273,131 |
1867 | 17,657,918 | 12,077,795 | 29,735,713 |
1868 | 16,102,465 | 12,139,720 | 28,242,195 |
1869 | 16,830,078 | 13,930,827 | 30,760,705 |
1870 | 15,003,342 | 12,779,051 | 27,782,393 |
1871 | 14,864,247 | 13,334,224 | 28,198,471 |
1872 | 18,859,794 | 15,489,532 | 34,349,256 |
1873 | 21,075,446 | 16,301,772 | 37,377,218 |
1874 | 17,481,672 | 15,244,785 | 32,426,455 |
1875 | 12,431,408 | 12,693,610 | 25,125,018 |
1876 | 12,500,000 | 13,727,000 | 26,527,000 |
1877 | 15,045,846 | 15,899,405 | 30,945,251 |
1878 | 15,927,974 | 17,492,159 | 33,420,153 |
1879 | 15,949,303 | 16,645,961 | 32,595,864 |
1880 | 19,478,868 | 19,752,201 | 39,231,069 |
1881 | 17,918,884 | 20,229,512 | 38,148,396 |
1882 | 18,174,800 | 22,062,934 | 40,237,734 |
1883 | 20,322,311 | 25,221,664 | 35,543,975 |
1884 | 24,550,674 | 24,759,485 | 49,309,559 |
1885 | 25,275,476 | 25,253,036 | 50,528,512 |
1886 | 20,194,655 | 23,811,986 | 44,006,641 |
1887 | 24,615,944 | 18,671,996 | 43,287,940 |
1888 | 29,477,448 | 28,008,254 | 57,485,702 |
1889 | 36,823,863 | 25,954,107 | 62,777,970 |
1890 | 32,364,627 | 29,085,519 | 61,450,146 |
1891 | 18,978,420 | 26,998,270 | 45,976,690 |
1892 | 18,404,296 | 25,915,819 | 44,356,115 |
1893 | 19,671,640 | 27,681,373 | 47,353,013 |
1894 | 23,800,370 | 33,470,511 | 57,279,881 |
1895 | 24,596,193 | 32,543,643 | 57,279,881 |
1896 | 25,530,185 | 30,403,084 | 55,933,269 |
1897 | 19,512,216 | 29,219,573 | 48,831,789 |
1898 | 24,784,361 | 30,276,916 | 55,061,277 |
1899 | 25,552,800 | 36,574,164 | 62,226,964 |
1900 | 23,978,206 | 29,410,862 | 53,389,068 |
1901 | 23,691,932 | 27,731,126 | 51,423,058 |
1902 | 23,517,347 | 33,602,512 | 57,119,859 |
1903 | 26,103,966 | 37,317,909 | 62,421,975 |
1904 | 21,217,000 | 38,485,000 | 59,702,000 |
1905 | 30,778,000 | 30,805,000 | 61,583,000 |
1906 | 34,455,000 | 33,402,000 | 67,857,000 |
1907 | 37,470,715 | 34,912,072 | 72,382,787 |
1908 | 36,188,723 | 40,296,367 | 76,485,090 |
1909 | 37,136,764 | 45,789,703 | 82,946,467 |
------+-------------+-------------+------------+

URUGUAY'S TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN 1908. A COMPARISON WITH THAT OF SOME OTHER CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN STATES

Uruguay $76,485,090
Peru 49,585,000
Bolivia 33,837,000
Columbia 28,512,636
Venezuela 26,540,905
Ecuador 15,296,627
Santo Domingo 14,613,807
Costa Rica 13,386,930
Guatemala 12,567,729
San Salvador 10,028,237
Panama 9,563,946
Haiti 8,180,008
Paraguay 7,661,468
Nicaragua 7,500,000
Honduras 4,664,039

URUGUAY'S IMPORTS OF ARTICLES DESTINED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES

----------------------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------
| Yearly | | |
|average from | 1905. | 1906. | 1907.
|1898 to 1902.| | |
----------------------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------
Various foods | $4,938,000 | $5,293,397 | $6,966,500 | $6,530,700
Beverages | 2,359,000 | 1,724,185 | 1,808,500 | 2,097,000
Tobacco | 218,000 | 306,142 | 280,109 | 697,000
Cotton manufactures | 3,265,000 | 4,900,000 | 4,400,000 | 4,555,000
Woollen " | 1,203,000 | 1,523,600 | 1,814,000 | 1,879,800
Thread " | 155,000 | 170,086 | 166,000 | 226,100
Silk " | 276,000 | 303,286 | 364,000 | 521,500
Other " | 344,000 | 1,727,492 | 1,587,000 | 955,000
Chemical and | | | |
pharmaceutical | | | |
products | 507,000 | 751,993 | 718,000 | 1,178,000
Musical instruments | 61,000 | 93,873 | 106,800 | 116,600
Paper and cardboard | 496,000 | 615,617 | 675,100 | 709,300
Manufactured metal | 707,000 | 1,072,426 | 1,078,100 | 593,600
China and earthenware | 84,000 | 163,000 | 186,800 | 185,400
Jewels, crystals, &c. | 373,000 | 494,815 | 546,000 | 724,000
Various articles | 1,271,000 | 1,635,203 | 1,948,800 | 1,384,315
|-------------+------------+------------+-----------
Total | $17,271,000 |$20,775,651 |$22,645,700 |$22,353,615
----------------------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------

URUGUAY'S IMPORTS OF ARTICLES DESTINED FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES

-----------------------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------
| Yearly | | |
|average from | 1905. | 1906. | 1907.
|1898 to 1902.| | |
-----------------------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------
Livestock | $1,388,000 | $1,822,452 | $990,000 | $754,000
Machine oil | 533,000 | 691,860 | 781,400 | 841,400
Coal | 1,128,000 | 1,366,564 | 1,723,000 | 1,879,000
Paints and inks | 139,000 | 224,784 | 223,000 | 320,000
Timber | 1,112,000 | 1,605,410 | 1,526,000 | 1,620,000
Wooden manufactures | 134,000 | 308,175 | 349,000 | 418,700
Tanned hides | 211,030 | 310,756 | 379,000 | 258,000
Iron and steel | 420,000 | 684,959 | 883,000 | 1,688,500
Agricultural machinery | | | |
and instruments | 235,000 | 299,146 | 241,300 | 180,300
Industrial machinery | | | |
and implements | 149,000 | 247,116 | 338,000 | 847,600
Wire fencing | 506,000 | 976,490 | 721,000 | 793,700
Manufactured iron | 403,000 | 619,749 | 737,000 | 470,000
Portland cement | 103,000 | 237,437 | 347,000 | 479,600
Tiles | 41,000 | 59,601 | 73,000 | 74,500
Railway and tramway | | | |
material | 490,009 | 275,889 | 2,089,000 | 3,194,000
General factory | | | |
material | 72,000 | 275,564 | 407,600 | 1,295,700
|-------------+------------+------------+-----------
Total | $7,064,000 |$10,001,952 |$11,808,300 |$15,117,100
-----------------------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------

PORTS TO WHICH URUGUAYAN WOOL WAS CHIEFLY EXPORTED DURING 1908

Bales.
Marseilles 94,418
Hamburg and Bremen 28,003
Dunkirk 21,901
Ambères 17,926
Havre 12,953
Liverpool 7,003

VALUES OF IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES

----------------+-------------+------------+-------------
| Yearly | |
|average from | 1907. | Difference.
|1898 to 1902.| |
----------------+-------------+------------+-------------
Great Britain | $6,447,764 | $11,572,152| + $5,124,388
Germany | 2,932,965 | 6,079,498| + 3,146,533
France | 2,290,174 | 3,924,069| + 1,633,885
United States | 2,091,209 | 3,439,445| + 1,348,236
Italy | 2,218,844 | 2,898,391| + 679,547
Belgium | 1,456,469 | 2,688,520| + 1,232,051
Argentina | 3,151,345 | 2,563,186| - 588,158
Brazil | 1,518,800 | 1,743,731| + 224,931
Spain | 1,837,603 | 1,725,198| - 112,405
Holland | 3,625 | 233,968| + 230,343
Paraguay | 145,431 | 187,989| + 42,558
Australia | -- | 130,559| + 130,539
Cuba | 105,932 | 121,040| + 15,108
Chile | 106,608 | 108,342| + 1,734
Portugal | 15,087 | 32,668| + 17,281
Austria | 3,071 | 22,178| + 19,107
|-------------+------------+-------------
Total | $24,324,927 | $37,470,615| +$13,145,688
----------------+-------------+------------+-------------

URUGUAYAN EXPORTS TO VARIOUS COUNTRIES

--------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------
| Yearly | |
|average from | |
|1898 to 1902.| 1907. | 1908.
--------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------
Germany | $3,401,642 | $4,647,866 | $5,454,661
England | 2,592,613 | 2,954,529 | 2,987,759
Argentina | 5,194,663 | 7,295,195 | 8,143,029
Australia | -- | 12,750 | 4,400
Austria | -- | 116,880 | 528,568
Belgium | 5,084,554 | 5,551,763 | 6,138,059
Brazil | 6,908,427 | 2,759,863 | 3,467,283
Cuba | 439,040 | 1,092,966 | 848,858
Chile | 282,015 | 289,239 | 170,924
Scotland | -- | 38,625 | 58,846
Spain | 531,793 | 533,674 | 524,066
United States | 1,886,372 | 1,603,330 | 2,336,201
France | 5,137,192 | 6,441,631 | 7,699,927
Italy | 663,097 | 1,155,704 | 1,310,811
Holland | 34,977 | 11,910 | 6,071
Paraguay | 192,024 | 9,343 | 21,618
Peru | 106 | -- | --
Porto Rico | -- | -- | 51,070
Portugal | -- | 101,784 | 133,170
Prussia | 18,911 | -- | 100,002
Barbadoes | 816 | 330 | 1,570
Canary Islands | 14,234 | 5,971 | 2,475
Falkland Islands | 3,739 | 1,483 | 511
Trinidad | 2,051 | 3,794 | 1,541
South Africa | 2,760 | -- | 12,195
Provisions for | | |
vessels | 164,400 | 293,502 | 291,150
|-------------+-------------+-----------
Total | $31,555,422 | $34,912,072 |$40,296,347
--------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------

VALUES OF GOODS HANDLED BY THE VARIOUS PORTS DURING 1909

--------------+-------------+------------
| Imports. | Exports.
--------------+-------------+------------
Montevideo | $34,251,069 | $32,685,267
Paysandú | 924,112 | 2,933,884
Salto | 571,371 | 2,000,038
Fray Bentos | 272,535 | 2,538,870
Colonia | 513,684 | 2,770,862
Mercedes | 226,789 | 1,547,081
Maldonado | 21,404 | --
Rocha | 45,800 | --
Cerro Largo | 155,000 | 780,000
Various | 175,000 | 533,700
|-------------+------------
Total | $37,156,764 | $45,789,703
--------------+-------------+------------

PROPORTION OF CULTIVATED SOIL COMPARED WITH THE AREA OF DEPARTMENTS

---------------+-----------+------------+-----------
| | | Portion of
| Area in | Cultivated | Cultivated
Departments. |Kilometres.| Area | Area to
| | Hectares. | the whole.
---------------+-----------+------------+-----------
Montevideo | 664 | 1,074 | 1·61
Artigas | 11,378 | 1,321 | 0·11
Canelones | 4,751 | 139,721 | 29·40
Cerro Largo | 14,928 | 11,129 | 0·74
Colonia | 5,681 | 107,815 | 18·98
Durazno | 14,314 | 5,100 | 0·35
Flores | 4,518 | 3,842 | 0·85
Florida | 12,107 | 33,382 | 2·75
Maldonado | 4,111 | 11,530 | 2·80
Minas | 12,484 | 31,079 | 2·49
Paysandú | 13,252 | 5,707 | 0·43
Rio Negro | 8,470 | 1,727 | 0·20
Rivera | 9,828 | 3,986 | 0·40
Rocha | 11,088 | 7,662 | 0·69
Salto | 12,603 | 2,202 | 0·17
San José | 6,962 | 102,866 | 14·77
Soriano | 9,223 | 21,487 | 2·33
Tacuarembó | 21,015 | 2,385 | 0·11
Treinta y Tres | 9,539 | 6,329 | 0·66
|-----------+------------+-----------
Total | 186,929 | 500,347 | 2·67
---------------+-----------+------------+-----------

LIVE STOCK CENSUS OF THE REPUBLIC IN 1900, SHOWING THE AMOUNTS OWNED BY URUGUAYAN AND FOREIGN PROPRIETORS

-----------+---------+-------+----------+-------+-------+------+----------
| Cattle. |Horses.| Sheep. | Mules.| Goats.| Pigs.| Total.
-----------+---------+-------+----------+-------+-------+------+----------
Uruguayans |3,135,152|304,381|10,782,057| 8,952| 15,059|54,877|14,301,378
Argentines | 126,796| 10,963| 347,271| 168| 219| 508| 485,925
Brazilians |1,968,188|131,733| 2,370,920| 7,812| 2,522|10,755| 4,492,230
Paraguayans| 609| 112| 4,887| -- | 4| 54| 5,656
Chilians | 11,338| 140| 3,550| -- | -- | 13| 16,041
Mexicans | 65| 13| -- | -- | 2| -- | 80
North | | | | | | |
Americans| 6,990| 337| 5,989| -- | 2| 27| 13,345
Spaniards | 823,226| 58,905| 2,769,364| 4,080| 1,276|15,351| 8,672,242
Portuguese | 23,122| 1,434| 36,848| 43| 6| 159| 16,612
French | 240,494| 17,223| 1,141,881| 564| 382| 2,339| 1,402,883
English | 275,183| 15,055| 514,835| 410| 119| 257| 806,859
German | 39,544| 3,488| 121,747| 90| 54| 297| 165,220
Swiss | 15,033| 1,146| 23,181| 12| 12| 555| 39,939
Italians | 158,310| 16,226| 479,122| 836| 771| 8,631| 663,896
Austrians | 1,955| 203| 4,445| 21| -- | 89| 6,713
Dutch | 25| 13| 550| -- | -- | -- | 586
Danes | 15| 12| -- | 4| -- | 6| 37
Belgians | 10| 3| -- | -- | -- | 5| 18
Norwegians | 25| 8| 180| -- | -- | -- | 213
Russians | 6| 4| -- | -- | -- | -- | 10
Arabs | 2| 9| -- | -- | -- | -- | 11
|---------+-------+----------+-------+-------+------+----------
Total |6,827,428|561,408|18,618,717| 22,992| 20,428|93,923|26,134,896
-----------+---------+-------+----------+-------+-------+------+----------

THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STOCK IN THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

------------+---------+-------+----------+------+-------+-------+----------
Departments.| Cattle. |Horses.| Sheep. |Mules.| Goats.| Pigs. | Total.
------------+---------+-------+----------+------+-------+-------+----------
Artigas | 514,328| 43,489| 791,969| 6,060| 1,296| 1,501| 1,358,643
Salto | 614,806| 45,819| 1,076,878| 3,234| 1,622| 2,957| 1,746,316
Paysandú | 686,159| 44,685| 1,071,382| 1,881| 330| 1,734| 1,806,171
Rio Negro | 525,086| 22,346| 1,060,344| 769| 419| 934| 1,609,898
Tacuarembó | 560,406| 38,468| 922,081| 1,683| 874| 4,406| 1,527,918
Rivera | 292,704| 28,993| 207,236| 1,063| 983| 3,234| 534,213
Treinta y | | | | | | |
Tres | 382,803| 29,160| 892,815| 384| 265| 4,158| 1,309,585
Cerro Largo | 591,007| 30,999| 662,184| 629| 67| 5,247| 1,290,133
Minas | 369,172| 34,074| 1,334,916| 290| 3,184| 6,314| 1,847,950
Rocha | 336,426| 36,735| 1,257,495| 314| 918| 8,483| 1,640,371
Maldinado | 121,176| 17,894| 695,833| 182| 1,629| 5,472| 842,186
Durazno | 429,451| 31,762| 1,978,391| 950| 140| 2,217| 2,442,911
Flores | 154,776| 16,719| 1,474,664| 154| 104| 1,346| 1,647,763
San José | 142,130| 12,518| 482,436| 517| 158| 1,799| 639,558
Florida | 338,012| 25,037| 1,654,940| 536| 186| 2,723| 2,021,434
Soriano | 407,037| 35,968| 2,056,795| 688| 229| 1,170| 2,501,887
Colonia | 225,475| 28,868| 785,697| 1,039| 422| 4,499| 1,043,209
Canelones | 112,651| 20,808| 99,152| 917| 1,935| 29,355| 264,818
|---------+-------+----------+------+-------+-------+----------
Total |6,827,428|561,408|18,608,717|22,992| 20,428| 93,923|26,134,896
------------+---------+-------+----------+------+-------+-------+----------

PRINCIPAL ARTICLES EXPORTED FROM URUGUAY TO THE UNITED KINGDOM IN 1909

Meat (chilled, frozen, extracts), &c. 732,125
Wool 173,738
Hides and skins (including sealskins, £8,440) 62,703
Bones 10,089
Tallow 76,688
Wheat 20,054
Maize 7,160
Flax seed 26,721

PRINCIPAL ARTICLES EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM TO URUGUAY IN 1909

Coal 699,260
Coke 11,339
Woollens, Manchester and Bradford goods 712,067
Galvanised iron 141,184
Drugs, &c. 70,460
Machinery 337,304
Hardware 26,614
Glass and china 39,105
Jute goods 63,209
Cement 16,000
Stationery 14,000
Paints, &c. 19,140
Metals (excluding iron and steel) 23,675
Hats and millinery 11,335
Woollen articles 29,737

URUGUAY'S BUDGET. DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE AMONG THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

----------------------+---------------+---------+---------------+---------
| Budget of | | Budget of |
| 1908-9. | | 1910-11. |
----------------------+---------------+---------+---------------+---------
|Dollars. Cents.| £ |Dollars. Cents.| £
Legislature | 541,476 61 | 115,208| 558,864 33 | 118,907
Presidency of the | | | |
Republic | 77,938 21 | 16,582| 76,471 40 | 16,270
Ministry of Foreign | | | |
Affairs | 473,280 50 | 100,698| 534,898 37 | 113,808
Ministry of Interior | 2,997,013 36 | 637,662| 3,412,250 88 | 726,011
Ministry of Finance | 1,371,455 84 | 291,799| 1,523,842 57 | 324,222
Industry, labour, and | | | |
public construction | 1,572,257 46 | 334,523| 2,308,793 75 | 491,232
Ministry of Public | | | |
Works | 283,887 20 | 60,401| 374,321 91 | 79,643
Ministry of War | | | |
and Marine | 3,057,377 67 | 650,506| 3,580,739 89 | 761,859
Administration | | | |
of justice | 445,286 54 | 94,742| 323,353 80 | 68,800
National obligations |10,255,357 35 |2,181,991|10,639,723 80 |2,263,771
|---------------+---------+---------------+---------
Total |21,075,330 74 |4,484,113|23,333,260 70 |4,964,523
----------------------+---------------+---------+---------------+---------

SERVICES PROVIDED FOR BY SPECIAL REVENUES $ Municipal Budget } 1,520,000 Montevideo } Interior 930,000 National Commission of Charity 1,850,000 University, application of special revenue 140,000 Port works, application of additional duty 1,400,000 National Council of Hygiene 33,000 Miscellaneous 1,200,000 ---------- Total 7,073,000

PRINCIPAL SOURCES FROM WHICH THE REVENUES ARE DERIVED

-------------------------------------+------------+----------
| $ | £
-------------------------------------+------------+----------
Customs Revenue | 13,620,000 | 2,897,872
Property tax-- | |
Montevideo | 1,090,000 | 231,915
Provinces | 1,720,000 | 365,957
Licensing taxes-- | |
Montevideo | 783,000 | 166,595
Provinces | 571,000 | 121,489
Profits of the Bank of the Republic | 770,000 | 163,829
Internal taxes on home | |
manufactures--_i.e._, alcohol, | |
matches, beer, artificial wines, | |
tobacco, &c. | 1,408,000 | 299,574
Stamps and stamped paper | 830,000 | 176,596
Post and telegraphs | 570,000 | 121,276
Consumption tax on imported produce | 380,000 | 80,851
Consular fees | 233,000 | 47,449
Lighthouse dues | 85,000 | 18,085
-------------------------------------+------------+----------

TABLE SHOWING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE BANK DURING THE YEARS 1897-1909

-----+----------+------------+---------+----------+---------+-------+---------
| | Notes | | | |Reserve|
Year.| Cash. | in |Deposits.|Advances. |Capital. | Fund. |Dividend.
| |Circulation.| | | | |
-----+----------+------------+---------+----------+---------+-------+---------
| $ | | $ | $ | $ | $ |
1897 | 1,659,098| 892,430 | 524,982| 2,849,586|5,000,000| -- | 2·649
1898 | 3,095,343| 2,691,652 | 834,339| 3,418,435|5,020,303| 20,303| 2·762
1899 | 4,431,313| 4,551,419 |1,604,669| 4,527,312|5,037,633| 37,633| 3·273
1900 | 4,739.788| 5,010,388 |2,427,891| 5,936,920|5,058,243| 58,243| 4·030
1901 | 4,633,957| 5,223,569 |2,704,441| 6,353,506|5,083,713| 80,713| 5·504
1902 | 6,541,015| 6,008,603 |3,345,939| 7,012,434|5,118,692|118,692| 5·410
1903 | 7,616,593| 6,862,538 |4,111,762| 7,352,943|5,153,302|153,302| 5·596
1904 | 6,120,185| 5,256,811 |2,472,016| 5,460,727|5,223,118|223,118| 7·044
1905 | 9,382,287| 8,195,477 |4,109,257| 6,608,587|5,255,118|255,118| 7·107
1906 |10,339,651| 10,396,740 |4,730,672| 8,971,758|5,281,626|281,626| 6·736
1907 |11,362,879| 12,323,869 |5,032,657|12,483,812|6,326,600|326,600| 9·209
1908 |13,080,825| 13,773,633 |5,455,804|15,345,513|6,399,425|399,425| 12·754
1909 |17,598,920| 15,936,961 |8,001,301|16,223,624|6,857,901|501,446| 11·217
-----+----------+------------+---------+----------+---------+-------+---------
NOTE.--Rate of Exchange: $4.70 = £1.

The following is the balance-sheet of December 31, 1909:

ASSETS.

$
Cash 20,036,564
Advances 18,921,606
Foreign correspondents 2,927,139
Capital not realised 5,045,947
Sundry stocks and discounts 940,007
National savings bank 400,000
Stocks, &c., for guarantees of judicial and
administrative deposits 842,671
Properties 540,596
Branches 4,657,167
Stocks and shares deposited 22,798,736
----------
Total 77,110,433

£
Equivalent in sterling 16,406,475
----------

LIABILITIES.

$
Authorised capital 12,000,000
Judicial and administrative deposits 703,641
Notes in circulation 16,692,413
Deposit certificates and silver cheque
"conformes" 1,633,000
Reserve Fund 597,599
Deposits 11,000,423
Supreme Government 6,047,270
Dividends (payable to State) 769,221
Branches 4,807,854
Sundries 60,276
Depositors of stocks and shares 22,798,736
-----------
Total 77,110,433

£
Equivalent in sterling 16,406,475
----------

CEREAL PRODUCTION IN TONS

-----+---------+--------+-------+-------+---------+--------
Year.| Wheat. |Linseed.| Oats. |Barley.|Birdseed.| Maize.
-----+---------+--------+-------+-------+---------+--------
| Tons. | Tons. | Tons. | Tons. | Tons. | Tons.
| | | | | |
1900 | 187,553 | 1,009 | 33 | 424 | 518 | 77,093
1901 | 99,719 | 2,313 | 68 | 438 | 709 | 141,647
1902 | 206,936 | 8,757 | 115 | 1,016 | 1,103 | 128,539
1903 | 142,611 | 20,767 | 149 | 658 | 323 | 134,335
1905 | 205,888 | 14,046 | 525 | 588 | 1,745 | 121,862
1906 | 124,344 | 10,782 | 543 | 786 | 1,908 | 81,956
1907 | 186,884 | 21,930 | 1,752 | 1,576 | 1,638 | 13,613
1908 | 202,208 | 18,372 | 3,467 | 1,889 | 223 | --
1909 | 233,910 | 13,259 | 6,710 | 3,072 | 119 | 169,464
-----+---------+--------+-------+-------+---------+--------

CEREAL HARVEST FOR THE YEAR 1908-9

------------+------------+-----------+------------
|Amount Sown.| Area |Total Yield.
| |Cultivated.|
------------+------------+-----------+------------
| Kilos. | Hectares. | Kilos.
| | |
Wheat | 18,915,529 | 276,787 | 233,910,034
Linseed | 592,959 | 18,341 | 13,259,821
Oats | 458,156 | 6,891 | 6,710,645
Barley | 238,089 | 3,487 | 3,072,202
Canary seed | 5,319 | 141 | 119,130
Maize | 2,534,739 | 203,268 | 169,464,099
------------+------------+-----------+------------

CABLE, TELEGRAPH, AND TELEPHONE SYSTEMS IN URUGUAY

CABLES.

MILES.
Western Telegraph Company 470
River Plate Telegraph Company 180
Telegraph and Telephone Company of the River Plate 205
National Government cable 10
------
Total 865

TELEGRAPHS.

MILES.
National Government Telegraphs 1,740
Oriental Telegraph Company 1,030
River Plate Telegraph Company 328
Telegraph and Telephone Company of the River Plate 300
------
Total 3,398

TELEGRAPHS (RAILWAY SYSTEM).

MILES.
Central Uruguay Railway Company 2,138
Midland Railway Company 198
Northern Railway Company 71
North Western Railway Company 112
Eastern Railway Company 32
Local companies 39
------
Total 2,590

TELEPHONES.

MILES.
Montevideo Telephone Company (British) 10,845
The Co-operative Telephone Company (Uruguayan) 4,375
National Government lines for police service 2,188
------
Total 17,408

SUMMARY

MILES.
Cables (Telegraphs) 865
Public service 3,398
Railway service 2,590
Telephones 17,408
------
Total 24,261

POSTAL SERVICE

The Revenue from the Postal Services for the year 1909 amounts to £132,307, and the expenditure as authorised by the Government £106,085.

INDEX

Aborigines (138-150);
various tribes, 138;
character of, 139;
ethics, 140;
marriage, 141;
warfare, 142;
weapons, 143;
burial, 143-4;
superstitions, 144-5;
question of cannibalism, 145-6;
introduction of horses to, 147;
hostility to whites, 147

Administration, 312-3.

_Agnes C. Donohoe_, Canadian sealing-schooner,
seized, 295

Agricultural societies, 259

Agriculture (_See Estancias_, _Industries_, _Cereals_);
proportion of soil in cultivation, 331

Alfalfa, 205

Alvear, defeats Otorgues, 70;
deposed by Thomas, 72

Amethysts, 235, 289

Aguirre, President, 121

Arachanes Indians, 150

Architecture, 193-4, 201, 208, 216

Argentina, provinces, occupied by Lopes, 122

Argentine, the, relations with Uruguay, 30, 63-4.
See _Buenos Aires_, _Rosas_

Artigas (78-96), central figure of the Revolution, 57;
joins patriots, 58;
defeats Spaniards at Las Piedras, 59;
besieges Montevideo, 60;
superseded in command, 61;
heads exodus to Argentine, 63;
insists on Uruguayan autonomy, 64;
separates from Argentine, 65;
elected President, 67;
raises siege of Montevideo, is outlawed by Argentina,
but raises revolt in provinces, 68;
demands surrender of Montevideo, 69;
ruler of Uruguay, 71;
returns hostages to Thomas, 72;
defeated by Brazilians, 75;
declares war upon Buenos Aires, 75;
deserted by leaders, 76;
escapes to Paraguay, 77;
history of, 78-96;
character, 79-80;
early life, 81-3;
ruler of Uruguay, 88;
expels Spaniards, 89;
horrors committed in camp, 91;
simplicity of manners, 91-4

Banda Oriental, 27;
subject to Artigas, 90

Barley, 285

Bathing-places, 167

Batlle, President, 123, 126

Beef Trust of United States, 280-1;
attempt to capture South American refrigerating
industry, 282

Belgrano, makes treaty with Portuguese, 64

"Blancos," or Whites, the, a political clan, 32;
assassinate Flores, 123;
assassinate Borda, 125;
origin of term, 313, 314-5, 321-3

Bohanes Indians, 148

Borda, President, assassinated, 125

Brazil, relations with, 30-1;
invades Uruguay in 1817, 75;
annexes Uruguay, 77;
alliance with Uruguay against Rosas, 117;
sends troops to assist Flores, 120;
alliance with Uruguay in Paraguayan War, 122

British: capital, 276;
popularity of, 33;
enterprise, 296-7;
invade Uruguay and evacuate it, 55.
_See England._

Brown, Admiral, destroys Spanish fleet, 68;
destroys Uruguayan fleet, 114

Budget, the, 335

Buenos Aires, taken by British, 55;
Junta of, 56;
action of Government during revolution, 62, 64;
refuses to recognise Congress of Uruguay, 67;
evacuates Montevideo, 70, 71;
sends forces against Artigas which revolt and depose
Alvear, 72;
offers to acknowledge Uruguayan independence
in return for Transplatine provinces, 73

Bull-fighting, 133-4, 223-4

Burnett, Mr. Henry, British Vice-Consul, 203

Bustamente, President, 120

Cabildo, official, 73

Cabot founds San Sebastian, 38

Campo, the, 72, 114, 175-7, 137, 237-45

Canaries, immigrants from, 48-9, 53

Canelones, 265

_Caudillo_, severity of, 74

Carlos II. of Spain, surrenders Colonia to
Portugal, 42

Carlota, Queen of Portugal, 61

Casas, Padre de las, recommends introduction of negro
slaves, 44

Cattle, introduced by Hernandarias, 40;
superabundance of, 153, 247-8, 250, 254-264;
census, 332;
distribution of, 333

Cereals, 284-5

_Changadores_, or early buccaneers, 40

Charity, Commission of, 313

Charrúa Indians, kill de Solis, 37;
destroy S. Sebastian, 38;
attempt to sack Montevideo, 49;
practically exterminated, 110, 139-47

Cheese, 175

Chilled meat. See _Refrigerating Industry_

Cholera, 124

Civil War, 28;
after War of Independence, 108;
Rosas intervenes, 112;
the French intervene, 113.
_See Revolution_, _Revolutions_

Climate, 272

Clubs, 158-9

Colón, 166

Colonia, foundation of, 42;
in hands of Portuguese, 43;
captured by Spanish, 44;
given back to Portugal by Philip V., 44;
besieged by Salcedo, 49;
exchanged for Jesuit missions, 50;
again becomes Portuguese, is retaken, and again
falls to Portuguese, 51;
captured by Ceballos, 53;
siege of, during Revolution, 60

Colonia, department, 267

Colonia Suiza, 211-5

Colonies, 212-3, 220-244

"Colorados" or Reds, a political clan, 32;
formation of, 120;
origin of, 313, 314-5, 321-3

Communications, 296-308. _See Railways_, _Shipping_

"Conciliation Ministry," the, 125

Constitution of Uruguay, 109, 311

Coronilla, seal islands, 294

Corrales, goldfields, 287

Costume, 180

Cuestas, 125

Culta, besieges Montevideo, 65

Customs revenue, 336

Customs service, 83

Dairies, 214, 261

Darwin, discovers fulgurites at Maldonado, 203

Departments, 265;
budgets of, 335

Diamonds, 288

Diaz, General, revolt of, 119;
policy of, 120;
second revolt and execution, 121

Dolores, taken by the Thirty-Three, 101

Domestics, 180-1

Durazno, department, 266

Eden, 185

Education, 32, 165

Elio, appeals to Queen Carlota for help during siege
of Montevideo, 61, 88

England, intervenes during Rosas' invasion, 116;
exports to, 334;
exports from, 334.
_See British._

English colony, the, 159

Estancias, 246-53

Exports, 277, 329;
general, 330;
to England, 334

_Faeneros_, early trafficking in hides by, 40

Fauna of Uruguay, 273-5

Ferdinand VI. of Spain, cedes northern Uruguay and the
Missions to Portugal in return for Colonia, 50

Feuds, 137.
_See Politics_, _Revolutions_

Finance, a crisis, 124;
increased cost of living, 131-2;
English capital, 276;
imports and exports, 277;
the Budget, 335;
special revenue, 336;
principal sources of revenue, 336

Flores, Dictator, 120-1;
assassinated, 123

Florida, department, 205

Football, 133

Foreigners, position of, 32

France, blockades Buenos Aires, 113;
forms armistice with Rosas, 114;
intervenes during invasion by Rosas, 116

Francia, Dictator of Paraguay, 77

Fray Bentos, 229

Frigorifica Uruguaya, 263

Frozen Meat trade, 263, 280-2

Fulgurites, 203

Garay, Juan de, defeats Zapicán, 39

Garibaldi, as privateer, 114

Garro, de, Governor of Buenos Aires, expels Portuguese
from Colonia, 42;
removed from post and promoted, 43

Gauchos, 240-2, 251-3

Gems, 288-9

Giro, fourth President, 119

Gold, 287

Government, policy of, 35;
established by Lavalleja, 104

Guarani Indians, 149

Guenoa Indians, 149

Hares, 207

Herán, Padre, Jesuit, 49

Hernandarias, defeated by Charrúa Indians, 39;
ships cattle and horses to Colonia to breed in
wild state, 40

Hervidero, headquarters of Artigas, 90

Highways, 195-6

History, 37-127

Horses, introduced by Hernandarias, 40, 256, 258

Hotels, 159-60

Immigration, modern methods in use in eighteenth century, 48

Imports, 277;
commercial, 327;
industrial, 328;
value of, 329

Independence, War of, 28.
_See History_, _Revolutions_

Indians, Charrúas, 37;
become carnivorous and equestrians, 42;
campaign against, 43;
rising crushed, 50;
they resist treaty of 1750, 50.
_See Aborigines_

International troubles, 28

Irala orders Romero to settle Uruguay, 38

Jesuits, in Uruguay, 50;
expelled by Carlos III., 51

Kennedy, Mr. R. J., British Minister Plenipotentiary, 34

Landscape, of Uruguay, 173-5, 184-7, 197, 206-7, 222;
of the Campo, 238-45, 251

Latorre, dictator, 124

Lavalleja, Juan Antonio, liberator of Uruguay, 98;
head of the Thirty-Three, 99;
takes Dolores, 100-2;
besieges Montevideo with 100 men, 102;
sets up Government, 103;
General-in-Chief of Army of Liberation, 104;
deposes Junta, 105;
character as ruler, 108;
turns upon Rivera, 109-110;
enters Montevideo but is forced to retire;
appointed President, the appointment is refused by
Assembly, 110;
takes refuge in Brazil, 111;
supports Oribe, 112;
death of, 117

Law, 312

Lemco, 229, 283

Liebig. _See Lemco_

Livestock, census of, 255;
cattle census, 332;
distribution, 333;

Lopes, Dictator of Paraguay, declares war upon Brazil,
Uruguay, and Argentina, 123

Lottery, 313

Luxury, Uruguayan free from common South American
habit, 133

Magellan, 38

Maldonado department, fulgurites in dunes of, 203, 270-1;
mines and mineral products of, 288

Manners and customs, 128-137

Marriage, laws of, 312

Meat, dried, 261-2, 278-9.
_See Tasajo_

Meat, frozen. _See Refrigerating_

Meat trade, the, 261-2, 278, 279, 280-2.
_See Beef Trust_

Mercedes, captured by Gauchos, 58, 205, 208-9;
port of, 210

Minas, department, 271

Minuanes, Indians, 150

Monte Caseros, battle of, 117

Montevideo, city of, 46, 48-9;
a Governor appointed, 50;
seat of Viceroy after the revolution of Buenos Aires, 56;
siege during revolution, 60, 62;
a fresh siege 64-5;
capitulation, 68;
occupied by Alvear, 70;
evacuated, 70;
entered by Otorgues, 71;
captured by Brazilians, 75;
besieged by the Thirty-Three, 103;
entered by provisional Government, 106;
in revolt, 110;
the Nine Years' Siege, 114-5;
revolution of 1851, 120;
seized by the Colorados, 121;
population of, 151;
description of, 152-60;
surroundings of, 161-2;
port works, 304

Montevideo, department, 271

Moreau, French adventurer, 45

Museum at Montevideo, 157

Mutton, despised, 156

National Assembly, confirms and then vetoes appointment
of Lavalleja, 111

Negroes, first introduced into Uruguay, 44, 243;
troops, 243;
treatment of, in slavery, 245

Oats, 285

Oribe, General, 108;
second President, 111;
deprives Rivera of command, 112;
resigns upon intervention of France, 113;
joins Rosas, 114, 120, 314

Ostentation, common South American failing, not found
in Uruguay, 133

Ostrich, the, 275-6

Otorgues, enters Montevideo, 71;
captured, 75

Palomas, seal islands, 295

Pan de Azucar, 201

Pando, agricultural centre, 197-8

Paraguay, 28;
appealed to during Revolution, 64;
the Paraguayan War, 122-3

Paysandú, centre of meat industry, 32, 58, 321-2

Paysandú, department, 268

Pelota, 223

Pereira, President, 120-1

Philip V. cedes Colonia to Portuguese, 44

Pines, 203

Piracy in eighteenth century, 45

Piria, Señor, 199-200, 202

Piriapolis, 197

Plata, La, River Plate, delineation of boundaries,
34, 45

Police, 136-7

Politics, 311-23;
conduct of revolutions, 316-17

Portuguese, rivalry of, with Spain, 38;
founders of Colonia, 42;
attempt to obtain Uruguay, 46;
invade Rio Grande, 49;
trouble with, 50-55;
invade Uruguay during Revolution, 61;
again invade Uruguay, 73.
_See Brazil_

Posts, Telegraphs, Telephones, 340-1

Prado, the, 162

Privateering, 45;
Uruguayan privateers in European waters, 75;
Garibaldi, 114

Progress, 36

Race-meetings, 131

Railways, 176-80, 206-7, 297-308;
companies and stock, 302, 308

Ramirez, deserts and defeats Artigas, 76

Ranchos, primitive, 177, 211

Rats, in Montevideo, 155

Real de San Carlo, 223

Refrigerating industry, 263, 280-2

Republican Constitution, the, 312

Revenue, tables of, 335-6

Revolutions: the War of Independence commences at
Paysandú, 58;
Portuguese intervention, 64;
independence proclaimed, 71;
independence recognised after expulsion of the
Brazilians, 103;
revolution of 1853, 119;
military revolution of 1875, 124;
lesser revolutions, 311-23

Rhodesia, 283

Rio Negro, department, 267

Rivera, department, 269;
goldfields, 287-8

Rivera, General, joins the Thirty-Three, 102;
jealousy of Lavalleja, 104;
accused of treason and imprisoned, 105;
attacked by Lavalleja, 109;
elected President, 109;
escapes from Lavalleja's attempt at capture, 110;
chases Lavalleja into Brazil, 110;
deprived of rank by Oribe, 112;
returns to power assisted by French, 113;
attacked by Oribe and defeated, 114;
further defeat, 115;
appointed as Minister to Paraguay, 116;
return to power, 116;
death, 117

Rivera, town, 193

Rondeau, defeats Portuguese, 55;
at siege of Montevideo, 61, 65;
made Governor, 108, 314

Rosario, 53

Rosas, Dictator of Argentina, 110;
supports Lavalleja, 111-2;
invades Uruguay, 113;
armistice with French, 114;
nine years' siege of Montevideo, 114;
final defeat and flight, 117

_Saladeros_, dried meat factories, 261

Salto, department, 268

Salto, town, 234

San José, 207

San Juan, department, 266

San Juan, estancia, 248-9

Santa Ana, 193-4

Santa Lucia, 207

Santos, 125

Seal fisheries, 291-5

Sheep, 258

Shipping, 308-9

Sierra de Mal Abrigo, 207

Slaves, introduction of, 44, 243, 245.
_See Negroes_

Solis, Juan Dias de, discoverer of Uruguay, killed by
Indians, 37-8

Soriano, department, 267

Spain, turns attention to Uruguay, 38;
during Revolution, 38-68;
fall of Spanish power in Uruguay, 68;
fall of Spanish power in America, 72;
State Bank, 337-8

Steamer traffic. _See Shipping._

Suárez, 115

Swine, 258

Swiss Colony, 212

Tacuarembo, department, 269

Tacuarembo, town, 187

Tajes, President, 125

Tambores, 178-9

_Tasajo_, dried meat, 261-2, 278-9

Tea-Garden Restaurant, 166-7

Theatres, 131

Thomas, General Alvarez, deposes Alvear and becomes Director
of Buenos Aires, 72

Topaz, 235, 289

Trade, 277;
exports, 277, 329;
general, 330;
to England, 334;
table of increase, 326;
comparative trade in 1908, table, 327;
table of commercial imports, 327;
value of, 331

_Treinta y Tres_, the "Thirty-Three," set out from Buenos
Aires, 99;
capture Dolores, 101;
win over Rivera, 102;
besiege Montevideo, 102;
obtain general support, 103

Treinta y Tres, department, 270

Triumvirate, the abortive, 119

Tunnel, Bañada de Rocha, 191

Urquiza, General, defeats Rivera, 115;
defeats Rosas, 117

Uruguay: general description of, 27-36;
history of, 37-127;
manners and customs, 128-137;
continued warfare in the past, 29;
present conditions, 34;
War of Independence, 38, _et seq._;
independence proclaimed, 71;
evils of new regime, 71;
partitioned, 73;
invaded by Portuguese, 73;
annexed to Brazil, 77;
Lavalleja sets up National Government, 104;
independence recognised, 105;
alliance with France, 113;
at mercy of Rosas, 116;
alliance with Brazil and defeat of Rosas, 117;
warlike history of, 126;
life in, 138;
landscape, 174-5;
the Campo, 237-246;
departments of, 265

Uruguayans, heroism of, 29;
fighting qualities, 31;
character as troops, 94-5;
character of people, 128;
hospitality and democratic feeling, 115, 130-3;
physique of, 133;
honesty, 136;
sobriety, 137;
types of, 181-90;
a Paladin of the Campo, 190

Varela, Dictator, 124

Vidal, President, 124-5

Vigodet, 65

Villa del Cerro, 168

Viticulture, 289-91

War of Independence, 58.
_See Revolutions_

Water-stone, 235

Whale fishery, 54

Wheat, 278

Whitelocke, General, incapacity of, 55

Wild, A., dealer in gems, 289

Williman, President, 126

Wines, 289-291

Women, Uruguayan, 135, 180

Yaros Indians, 148

Zapicán, famous Indian chief, defeats Zarate,
is defeated and killed by J. de Garay, 39

Zarate, founds a settlement, and is defeated by Zapicán, 39

Zavala, captures Montevideo, 47

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