Chapter XXIX: Appendix: E
THE NATIONAL DEBT OF VENEZUELA
(Years 1906 to 1910)
------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------------
Branch. | 1906. | 1907. | 1908. | 1909. | 1910.
------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------------
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £
| | | | |
INTERNAL DEBT. | | | | |
| | | | |
Consolidated 3 | | | | |
per cent. | | | | |
stock[14] |1,299,448|2,175,210|2,354,300|2,389,668|2,399,309
Other |1,744,242| 551,240| 279,885| 165,784| 119,156
------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------------
Totals |3,043,690|2,726,050|2,634,185|2,555,452|2,518,465
------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------------
| | | | |
FOREIGN DEBT. | | | | |
| | | | |
National 3 per | | | | |
cent. bonds by | | | | |
diplomatic | | | | |
agreements | 483,169| 466,919| 453,295| 433,309| 417,414
Provisional | | | | |
(Spanish) | | | | |
certificates | 62| 62| 62| 62| 62
Diplomatic 3 per | | | | |
cent. debt |4,993,627|4,868,978|4,735,958|4,604,572|4,418,987[15]
Claims awarded | | | | |
by Hague | | | | |
Tribunal, 1903 | 883,799| 777,514| 647,344| 518,409| 359,562
------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------------
Totals |6,360,657|6,113,473|5,836,659|5,556,352|5,196,025
------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------------
FOOTNOTES
[1] This lake has recently been drained by an English syndicate, who have already found some evidence which tends to show that the story is substantially correct.
[2] “Another fourth part was discovered ... by Amerigo Vespucci: wherefore I do not see why it should not be justly permissible to name it after Amerigo the discoverer ... Amerigē, the land of Americus, or America.”
[3] “MOST MAGNIFICENT SIR,—Among other papers of your worship’s found in this city, there was a letter addressed to me, with more offers and preambles than there are stars in the sky.”
[4] “Our Lord protect the most magnificent person of your worship,
“Your servant,
“LOPE DE AGUIRRE.”
[5] As usual, the second part of the original title was the name, or supposed name, of the local Indians.
[6] The word Guacharo connotes crying or lamenting in Spanish.
[7] Includes the municipality of Independencia. _See_ =Zulia=.
[8] Does not include the municipality of Independencia. _See_ =Mérida=.
[9] Omitting _coal_ and _coined gold_, the totals for the four leading countries are as follows: U.S.A., £585,953; Great Britain, £581,559; Germany, £420,868; Holland, £152,501.
[10] Includes coined gold, £317 from Holland; £143,700 from U.S.A.
[11] Principally stearin.
[12] Very scattered.
[13] Includes postage stamps, for which allowance should be made under “Public Services.”
[14] Created in 1906 and increased by conversion of other branches in 1907.
[15] Great Britain, Italy, and Germany were paid in full before 1908; Belgium, France, Mexico, United States, Spain, Holland, Sweden, and Norway are still creditors.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS RELATING TO VENEZUELA
I. GENERAL
1. =Appun, C. F.= Unter den Tropen. Bd. i. _Jena_, 1871.
2. =Bénard, C.= Le Vénézuéla. Pp. 106, map. _Bordeaux_, 1897.
3. =Bolet-Peraza, N.= The Republic of Venezuela. 8vo. _Boston_, 1892 (reprinted from _New England Mag._).
4. =Bolivar, G. de.= Venezuela. _Journ. Manchester Geogr. Soc._, vol. xxv, pp. 18-31 [1909].
5. =Brown, G. M. L.= Three old Ports on the Spanish Main. _Nat. Geogr. Mag._, vol. xvii, pp. 622-38 [1906].
6. =Bruycker, P. de.= Le Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Anvers_, t. x, pp. 303-31 [1885].
7. =Bürger, O.= Reisen eines Naturforschers in tröpischen Südamerika. Pp. vi, 395, 8vo. _Leipzig_, 1900.
8. =Caseneuve, P. de= and =François=. Les États-Unis de Vénézuéla. Map. _Paris_, 1888.
9. =Chaffanjon, J.= Vénézuéla et Colombie. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Paris_, t. xiii, pp. 431-42 [1890-1].
10. =Chaper=, =⸺.= La Côte Nord du Vénézuéla. _Arch. Miss. Sci. Litt. Paris_, sér. 3, t. xiv, pp. 337-43 [1888].
11. =Creveaux, J.= Voyages dans l’Amérique du Sud. _Paris_, 1883.
12. =Curtis, W. E.= Venezuela: her Government, People, and Boundary. _Nat. Geogr. Mag._, vol. vii, pp. 42-58, map [1896].
13. =⸺.= Venezuela: a Land where it’s always Summer. Pp. 315, map, 8vo. _New York_ and _London_, 1896.
14. =Dance, C. D.= Four Years in Venezuela. _London_, 1876.
15. =Dauxion-Lavaysse, J. F.= A Statistical, Commercial, and Political Description of Venezuela, Trinidad, Margarita, and Tobago. _London_, 1820.
16. =Dawson, T. C.= The South American Republics. 2 vols. _London_, 1904.
=Den Kati, H.= _See_ =Ten Kate, H.=
17. =Depons, F.= Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale. 3 vols., 8vo. _Paris_, 1806.
18. =⸺.= Travels in South America during 1801-4, containing a Description of the Carácas. Map, 8vo. _London_, 1807.
19. =Duane, W.= A Visit to Colombia in the Years 1822 and 1823. _Philadelphia_, 1826.
20. =Eastwick, E. B.= Venezuela: or, Sketches of Life in a South American Republic. Map by R. Rojas. _London_, 1868.
21. =Erbach, E. Graf zu.= Wandertage eines deutschen Touristen im Strom- und Küstengebiet des Orinoko. 8vo. _Leipzig_, 1892.
22. =Engel, F.= Mittheilungen über Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. xiv, pp. 44-119, 145-84 [1868].
23. =Ernst, A.= Der erste Census in Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. xxvi, pp. 75-7 [1874].
24. =Fitzgerald, D.= Du Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, t. i, pp. 262-9, 285-93, 313-5, 352-4 [1878].
25. =Gazzurelli, A.= Il Venezuela. _Rome_, 1901.
26. =⸺.= Venezuela, Ordinamento, Produzioni e Scambi. Pp. 62. _Rome_, 1904.
27. =Gerstächer, F.= Neue Reisen durch die Vereinigten Staaten, Mexico, Ecuador, West Indien und Venezuela. _Jena_, 1868-9.
=Goiticoa, N. V.= _See_ =Veloz-Goiticoa, N.=
28. =Halle, F.= Colombia. 8vo. _London_, 1824.
29. =Hawkshaw, J.= Reminiscences of South America from two and a half years’ Residence in Venezuela. 8vo. _London_, 1838.
30. =Hondius, J.= Brevio et admiranda Descriptio Regni Guianæ. ?1599.
31. =Jonas, P.= Nachrichten über Venezuela. _Petermann’s Mitt._, bd. xxiv, pp. 11-14 [1878]; bd. xxv, pp. 212-16 [1879].
32. =Landaeta Rosales, M.= Gran recopilacion geografica, estadística e historica de Venezuela. 2 vols., fo. _Carácas_, 1889.
33. =Lisboa, M. M.= Relaçao de uma Viagem a Venezuela, Nova Granada e Equador. 8vo. _Brussels_, 1866.
34. =Mozans, H. J.= Up the Orinoco and down the Magdalena. _New York_ and _London_, 1910.
35. =Olinda, A.= Venezuela in der Gegenwart. _Deutsch. Rundschau Geogr._, bd. xxiv, pp. 337-48, 398-407 [1902].
36. =Risquez, D. F. A.= Venezuela. _Rev. Geogr. Col. y Mercantil_, t. vi, pp. 275-98 [1909].
37. =Rojas, F. V.= Guia Commercial de la Republica de Venezuela. _Port-of-Spain_, 1901, &c.
38. =Roncayolo, M.= Au Vénézuéla. _Paris_, 1894.
=Rosales, M. L.= _See_ =Landaeta Rosales, M.=
39. =Scruggs, W. L.= The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics. 8vo. _Boston_, 1905.
40. =Sievers, W.= Venezuela. _Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Hamburg_, 1885-6, pp. 134-48.
41. =⸺.= Census von Venezuela. _Ibid._, pp. 316-26.
42. =⸺.= Zur Kenntniss Venezuelas. _Globus_, bd. lii, pp. 134-7, 149-52 [1887].
43. =⸺.= Zweite Reise in Venezuela in den Jahren 1892-3. Map, 1: 1,000,000. _Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Hamburg_, bd. xii, pp. 328 [1896].
44. =Spence, J. M.= The Land of Bolivar. 2 vols., 8vo. _London_, 1878.
45. =Tallenay, J. de.= Souvenirs de Vénézuéla. 12 mo. _Paris_, 1884.
46. =Tejera, M.= Venezuela pintoresca e ilustrada. 8vo. _Paris_, 1875.
47. =⸺.= Venezuela en la exposicion de Paris en 1878. 8vo. _Paris_, 1878.
48. =Ten Kate, H.= Travels in Guiana and Venezuela. _Rev. Col. Internat. Amsterdam_, t. ii, pp. 527-40 [1886].
49. =Veloz-Goiticoa, N.= Les États-Unis de Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, t. xiv, pp. 33-9 [1891].
50. =⸺.= Venezuela. Pp. 608, map, 8vo. _Washington_, 1904.
51. =Villavicencio, R.= La Republica de Vénézuéla bajo el punto de vista de la Geografia y Topografia médicas y de la Demografia. Pp. 137, 8vo. _Carácas_, 1880.
52. =Vincent, L.= Notice sur les États-Unis de Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, t. xiii, pp. 57-69, 89-109 [1890].
53. =Wappäus, J. E.= Die Republiken von Süd Amerika. _Göttingen_, 1843.
54. =Anon.= Letters written from Colombia during a Journey from Carácas to Bogotá. Pp. 208, map. _London_, 1824.
55. =⸺.= Tropical Information: a Treatise on the History, Climate, Soil, Productions, &c. of Venezuela. 12mo. _London_, 1846.
56. =⸺.= Appun’s Wanderungen durch Venezuela. _Ausland_, vol. xliv, pp. 817-21 [1871].
57. =⸺.= Notice politique, statistique, commerciale, &c., sur les États-Unis du Vénézuéla. Map, 12mo. _Paris_, 1889.
58. =⸺.= Die Vereinigten Staaten von Venezuela. _Deutsch. Rundschau_, bd. xi, pp. 459-63, map [1889].
59. =⸺.= Venezuela: Laws regulating Immigration and Public Lands. _Washington_, 1895.
60. =⸺.= Venezuela: Short Sketch of its History, Geography and Industries. _Scottish Geogr. Mag._, vol. xii, pp. 184-95 [1896].
61. =⸺.= Official History of the Discussion between Venezuela and Great Britain on their Guiana Boundaries. _Atlanta, Ga._, 1896.
62. =⸺.= Notes on Venezuela. _Scottish Geogr. Mag._, vol. xix, pp. 97, 98, map [1903].
63. Official Publications, 1. Annual Reports of the Ministers of State to the National Congress.
64. =⸺.= 2. Messages of the President of the Republic to the National Congress.
65. =⸺.= 3. Codigos de Venezuela.
66. =⸺.= 4. Recopilacion de leyes y decretos de Venezuela.
67. =⸺.= 5. Venezuela: Ministerio de Relaciones. World’s Colombian Exposition at Chicago. The United States of Venezuela in 1903. Pp. 149, map, 8vo. _New York_, 1903.
68. =Anon.= 6. Ministerio de Fomento. Direccion general de Estadística. Estadística mercantil de Venezuela y Anuario Estadístico.
69. =⸺.= 7. Reports of the Council of the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders (annual). _London_.
70. =⸺.= 8. British Foreign Office Consular Reports, Annual Series (Venezuela, Carácas, &c.).
II. GEOGRAPHICAL.
71. =Aguerrevere, F., &c.= Trabajos del Cuerpo de Ingenieros encargado del levantamiento del Plano Militar de Venezuela. 4to. _Carácas_, 1908.
72. =Berthelot, S.= Sur les travaux géographiques et statistiques exécutés dans toute l’étendue du territoire du Vénézuéla par M. le colonel Codazzi. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, sér. 2, t. xiv, pp. 161-78 [1840].
73. =Bianconi, F.= Carte des États-Unis de Vénézuéla. 1: 3,400,000. _Rev. Franç._, t. viii, pp. 413-19 [1888].
74. =Boussingault=, =⸺.= Rapport sur les travaux géographiques et statistiques exécutés dans la république de Vénézuéla, d’aprés les ordres du Congres par M. le colonel Codazzi. _Compt. Rend._, t. xii, pp. 462-79 [1841].
75. =Codazzi, A.= Atlas fisico y politico de la Republica de Venezuela. Pp. 8, 33 maps, &c. _Carácas_, 1840.
76. =⸺.= Rapport sur les travaux géographiques, &c., dans le Vénézuéla. 4to. _Paris_, 1841.
77. =⸺.= Résumen de la Geografia de Vénézuéla. Pp. 648. _Paris_, 1841.
78. =Ernst, A.= Demarkation der Venezuelanisch-brasilianischen Grenzlinie. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk., Berlin_, bd. xxi, pp. 167-72 [1886].
79. =Hondius, H.= Venezuela cum parte Australi Novæ Andalusiæ. 1630.
80. =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.= Geognostische Skizze von Süd-america. _Ann. Phys._, t. xvi, pp. 394-449 [1804].
81. =Huot, V.= Nouveaux travaux topographiques au Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, t. xvii, pp. 458-60 [1908].
82. =Jahn, A.= Contribuciones a la geografia fisica de Venezuela. I. Observaciones al Plano Militar de la Republica. _Carácas_, 1907.
83. =⸺.= Contribuciones a la Hidrogafia del Orinoco y Rio Negro. Map, 1: 1,000,000. _Carácas_, 1907.
84. =Level, A. A.= Nomenclator de Venezuela, contentivo de su censo en orden alfabetico. T. 2, 8vo. _Carácas_, 1883.
85. =Oltmann=, =⸺.= Don José de Ituriaga’s astronomische Beobachtungen am Nieder-Orinoco.... 1754 bis 1758. _Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin_, bd. ii, pp. 115-27 [1830].
=Rosa, R.= _See_ =Eastwick, E. B.= (No. 21).
86. =Sievers, W.= Bemerkungen zur Karte der Venezolanisch-Brasilianischen Grenze. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, bd. xxii, pp. 1-5, map, 1: 2,000,000 [1887].
87. =⸺.= Die Grenzen Venezuelas, _Globus_, bd. lxix, pp. 53-5. map [1896].
88. =⸺.= Eine neue Karte von Venezuela. _Petermann’s Mitt._, bd. liv, pp. 69, 70, map, 1: 1,500,000 [1908].
89. =Tejera, M.= Mapa Fisico y Politico de Venezuela. 4 sheets, _Paris_, 1876.
90. =Anon.= Residuum Continentis (Viz. Caribana & Nova Andalusia) cum adjacentibus insulis. 1598.
91. =⸺.= Carta plana de la Provincia de Carácas o Venezuela. 1787.
92. =⸺.= Memoria de la Direccion general de estadística al Presidente de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela en 1873. 3 vols. _Carácas_, 1873.
93. =⸺.= Texte et carte commerciale des États-Unis de Vénézuéla avec notice descriptive. _Paris_, 1888.
94. =⸺.= Orinoco-Essequibo Regions.... map, 2, Senate Doc. U.S. (Boundary Commission), 1897.
_See also_ Nos. 79, 119, 120, 366, 367.
III. GEOLOGICAL.
95. =Ahrensburg, H.= Erdbeben in Carácas. _Mitt. Géogr. Ges. Jena_, bd. xix, pp. 56-8 [1901].
96. =Attwood, G.= A Contribution to South American Geology. _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xxxv, pp. 582-590, map [1879].
97. =Bendrat, T. A.= Geologic and Petrographic Notes on the Regions about Caicara, Venezuela. _Amer. Journ. Sci._, ser. 4, vol. xxxi, pp. 443-52 [1911].
98. =Bonssingault=,—. Les Sources Thermales de la Chaîne du littoral du Vénézuéla, _Compt. Rend._, t. xci, pp. 836-41 [1880].
99. =Buch, L. v.= Von Aptychus, und über die Anden von Venezuela. _Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges._, bd. ii, pp. 339-44, pl. x [1850].
100. =Cortese, E.= Escursioni geologiche al Venezuela. _Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital._, vol. xx, pp. 447-69 [1901].
101. =Drevermann, Fr.= Ueber Untersilur in Venezuela. _N. Jahrb._, 1904, vol. i, pp. 91-3, pl. [1904].
102. =Foster, C. Le Neve.= On the Caratal Goldfield. _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xxv, pp. 336-43 [1869].
103. =Gerhardt, K.= Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Kreideformation in Venezuela und Peru. _N. Jahrb._, Beilage-Band xi, pp. 65-117 [1897].
104. =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.= Esquisse d’un Tableau Géologique de l’Amérique méridionale. _Journ. Phys._, t. liii, pp. 30-59 [1801].
105. =⸺.= Account of the Earthquake which destroyed the Town of Carácas on the 26th March, 1812. _Edinb. Phil. Journ._, vol. i, pp. 272-80 [1819].
106. =Karsten, H.= [Letter from Puerto Cabello on the Geology of Western Venezuela.] _Ber. Acad. Wiss. Berlin_, 1849, pp. 197-200.
107. =⸺.= [On Neocomian Rocks near Trujillo.] _Ibid._, pp. 370-6.
108. =⸺.= [Tertiary and Cretaceous in Cumaná and Barcelona.] _Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges._, bd. ii, pp. 86-8 [1850].
109. =⸺.= Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gesteine des nördlichen Venezuela. _Ibid._, pp. 345-61.
110. =⸺.= Ueber die geognostische Verhältnisse des nördlichen Venezuela. _Archiv. Min. Geogn._, bd. xxiv, pp. 440-79 [1851].
111. =⸺.= Geognostische Bemerkungen über die Umgebungen von Maracaibo und über die Nordküste von Neu Granada. _Ibid._, bd. xxv, pp. 567-73 [1853].
112. =Karsten, H.= Reise-notizen über die Provinz Cumaná in Venezuela. _Westermann’s Monatshefte_, 1859.
113. =⸺.= Die geognostische Beschaffenheit der Gebirge der Provinz Carácas. _Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges._, bd. xiv, pp. 282-7 [1862].
114. =⸺.= Geologie de l’ancienne Colombie Bolivarienne. Pp. 62, map, 4to. _Berlin_, 1886.
115. =Lorié, J.= Fossile Mollusken von Curaçao, Aruba und der Küste von Venezuela. _Samml. geol. Reichs-Mus. Leyden_, sér. 2, bd. i, pp. 111-49, [1887].
116. =Salomon, W.= Ueber angebliches Untersilur in Venezuela. _Monatsb. deutsch. geol. Ges._, 1909, pp. 193. [Shows that specimens described by Drevermann (No. 101) were bought in U.S.A. and not from Venezuela.]
117. =Sievers, W.= Das Erdbeben vom 26 März, 1812, an den Nordküste Südamerikas. _Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Hamburg_, pp. 265-71.
118. =⸺.= Reiseberichte aus Venezuela. _Ibid._, pp. 272-87; 1885-6, pp. 1-133.
119. =⸺.= Venezuela. Pp. viii, 359. _Hamburg_, 1888.
120. =⸺.= Karten zur physikalischen Geographie von Venezuela. _Petermann’s Mitt._, bd. xlii, pp. 149-55, 197-201, 3 maps, 1: 3,000,000 [1896].
121. =⸺.= Das Erdbeben in Venezuela von 26 Okt., 1900. _Jahrb. Veroffnet. Geogr. Ver. Bonn_, 1905, pp. 35-50.
122. =Stevens, R. P.= [Geology and Mineralogy of Venezuela.] _Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia_, 1868, pp. 303, 304.
123. =Tate, R.= Notes on the Geology of Guyana, in Venezuela. _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xxv, pp. 343-50 [1869].
_See also_ Nos. 314, 319, 320, 342.
IV. BOTANICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL.
124. =Appun, K. F.= Beiträge zur Insecten-Fauna von Venezuela und Britisch Guyana. _Ausland_, bd. xlv, pp. 41-7, 67-70 [1872].
125. =Bellermann, P.= Landschaft- und Vegetations-Bilder aus den Tropen Südamerika’s nach der Natur Gezeichnet. _Berlin_, 1894. [Text by =Karsten=.]
126. =Berlepsch, H. v.= and =E. Hartert=. On the Birds of the Orinoco Region. _Novitates Zoologicae_, vol. ix, 1902.
=Bonpland, A.= _See_ =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.=
127. =Braun, A.= Uebersicht der Characeen aus Colombien und Guyana. _Monatsb. k. preuss. Akad. Wiss._, 1858, pp. 354-67.
128. =Dozy, F.= Prodromus floræ bryologicæ Surinamensis. Accedit pugillus specierum novarum floræ bryologicæ Venezuelanæ. Pp. 54. _Düsseldorf_, 1854.
129. =Ernst, A.= On the Medicinal Plants of Carácas, Venezuela, and their Venezuelan Names. _Journ. Botany_, vol. iii, pp. 143-50, 277-84, 306-22 [1865].
130. =⸺.= Plants growing in the Streets of Carácas. _Ibid._, pp. 322, 323 [1865].
131. =⸺.= Formas caracteristicas de la flora Venezolana. Las palmas. _El Porvenir_, vol. i, no. 6; vol. ii, no. 7; vol. iii, no. 8 [1866].
132. =⸺.= List of Venezuelan Woods, with their Venezuelan Names and Specific Gravity. _Journ. Botany_, vol. iv, pp. 359, 360 [1866].
133. =⸺.= On the Plants cultivated or naturalised in the Valley of Carácas, and their Vernacular Names. _Ibid._, vol. v, pp. 264-75, 287-90 [1867].
134. =⸺.= On the Plants common to the Southern United States and Venezuela. _Ibid._, pp. 290-6 [1867].
135. =⸺.= Los Helechos de la Flora Caracasana. _Vargasia_, 1868-9, pp. 100-103.
136. =⸺.= Plantas interesantes de la Flora Caracasana. _Ibid._, pp. 178-94.
137. =⸺.= Verzeichniss der auf den venezuelanischen Inselgruppe Los Roques im Sept., 1871, beobachteten Pflanzen. _Botan. Zeit._, bd. xxx, pp. 539-41 [1872].
138. =⸺.= Sertulum Naiguatense.... _Journ. Botany_, vol. x, pp. 261-4 [1872].
139. =⸺.= Observationes aliquot in plantas nonnullas rariores vel novas floræ Caracasanæ. _Flora_, vol. lvii, pp. 209-15 [1874].
140. =⸺.= Descriptive Catalogue of the Venezuelan Department at the Philadelphia International Exhibition, 1876. Pp. 55. _Philadelphia_, 1879.
141. =Ernst, A.= Estudios sobre la flora y fauna de Venezuela. Pp. 330. _Carácas_, 1877.
142. =⸺.= Florula Chelonesiaca. _Journ. Botany_, vol. xiv, pp. 176-9 [1876].
143. =⸺.= Vargas considerado como botanico. _Carácas_, 1877.
144. =⸺.= Enumeracion de las plantas mas notables que fueron observadas en la excursion a Naiguatá. _Repertoria Caraqueño_, 1879, pp. 141-6.
145. =⸺.= On some Interesting Cases of Migration of Marine Fishes on the Coast of Venezuela at Carúpano. _Nature_, vol. xxxiii, pp. 321, 322 [1886].
146. =⸺.= Eine botanische Excursion auf der Insel Margarita. _Nederl. Kruidk. arch. Nijmegen_, bd. iv [1886].
147. =⸺.= La vegetacion de los Páramos de los Andes Venezolanes. _Bol. Ministr. Obras. Publicas, Carácas_, 1892, pp. 159-63.
148. =⸺.= Sertulum Aturense.... _Rev. Cient. Univ. Central Venezuela_, t. i, pp. 219-23 [1900].
149. =⸺.= Bibliographia. _Jena_, 1900.
=Gaillard, A.= _See_ =Patouillard, N.=
150. =Goebel, K.= Die Vegetation der venezolanischen Páramos. _Pflanzenbiol. Schild._, 1889-93, pt. 2, no. 1. and _Marburg_, 1891.
151. =Goering, A.= Zur Thiergeographie Venezuelas. _Mitt. Ver. Erdk. Leipzig_, 1876, pp. 14-24.
=Hartert, E.= _See_ =Berlepsch, H. v.=
152. =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.= and =A. Bonpland=. Plantæ æquinoctiales. 2 vols. _Paris_, 1808.
153. =⸺= and =C. S. Kunth=. Nova genera et species plantarum. 7 vols. _Paris_, 1815-25. [Vol. 7 has lists of Venezuelan plants.]
154. =Jahn, A.= Las palmas de la flora venezolana. Pp. 126, 8vo. _Carácas_, 1908.
155. =Johnston, J. R.= Flora of the Islands of Margarita and Coche, Venezuela. _Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist._, vol. xxxiv, pp. 163-212, map [1909].
156. =Karsten, H.= Auswahl neuer und blühender Gewächse Venezuelas. 4to. _Berlin_, 1848.
157. =⸺.= Floræ Colombiæ terrarumque adjacentium specimina selecta.... _Berlin_, 1858-69.
=Kunth, G. S.= _See_ =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.=
158. =Loefling, P.= Reise nach den spanischen Ländern in Europa und America in den Jahren 1751 bis 1756. Pp. 406. _Berlin_ and _Stralsund_, 1766.
159. =Loriol, P. de.= Note sur quelques espéces nouvelles appartenant à la classe des Echinoderms. _Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Genève_, t. xxiv, pp. 659-73 [1876].
160. =Maury, P.= Enumération des plantes du Haut-Orénoque récoltées par Mm. J. Chaffanjon et A. Gaillard. _Journ. Botanique_, t. iii, pp. 129, 157, 196, 209, 260, 166 [1889].
161. =Patouillard, N.= and =A. Gaillard=. Champignons du Vénézuéla et principalement de la région du Haut-Orénoque, récoltées en 1887 par M. A. Gaillard. _Bull. Soc. Mycol. France_, t. iii, pp. 7-46, 92-129 [1887].
162. =Ritter, C=. Ein Blick auf die Vegetation der Cordilleren in Venezuela (über 12-13° N. Br.) aus handschriftlichen Mittheilungen der Herrn. Berg. _Monatsb. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, sér. 2, bd. viii, pp. 152-6 [1851].
_See also_ Nos. 51, 315, 317, 401.
V. HISTORICAL.
163. =Acosta, Joaquin.= Compendio historico del descubrimiento y colonizacion de la Nueva Granada en el siglo decimo sexto. 8vo. _Paris_, 1848.
164. =Alcala, A. P. de.= Consectario de la ciudad de Cumaná. 1790.
165. =Altoguirre y Duvale, A. de.= Relaciones geograficas de la Gobernacion de Venezuela (1767-8) con prologo y notas. _Madrid_, 1908.
166. =Anglerius, Petrus Martyr.= De rebus oceanicis et novo orbe decades tres. _Basiliæ_, 1516 etc. _Coloniæ_, 1574. [Many editions and translations.]
167. =Austin, J. B.= Venezuela’s Territorial Claims. _Bull. Geogr. Club Philadelphia_, vol. ii, pp. 1-19 [1896].
168. =Baker, M.= The Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Dispute. _Nat. Geogr. Mag._, vol. xi, pp. 129-44, map [1900].
169. =Baralt, R. M.= and =R. Diaz.= Résumen de la Historia de Venezuela. Tt. ii. Pp. 398, 370. _Paris_, 1841.
170. =Benzoni, G.= La historia del mondo nuevo. 8vo. _Venice_, 1565.
171. =Berthelot, S.= Analyse du premier volume de l’Histoire du Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, sér. 2, t. xv, pp. 319-29 [1841].
172. =Blanco, E.= Venezuela heroica; cuadros historicos. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1881.
173. =Briceño, Manuel.= Los Ilustres. Paginas para la Historia de Venezuela. Pp. 239, 8vo. _Bogotá_, 1884.
174. =Barney, J.= A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean. 5 vols. 4to. _London_, 1803-17.
175. =Casas, B. de= las. Brevissima relacion de la destruycion de las Indias.... 4to. _Seville_, 1552.
176. =Cassani, J.= Historia de la Provincia de la Compañía de Jesus del Nuevo Reyno de Granada. Fol. _Madrid_, 1741.
177. =Castellanos, J. de.= Elegias de Varones ilustres de Indias. _Madrid_, 1589.
178. =Caulin, A.= Historia coro-graphica, natural y evangelica de la Nueva Andalusia. Provincias de Cumaná, Guayana y Vertiente del Rio Orinoco. Pp. 482, map. _Madrid_, 1779, and 8vo. _Carácas_, 1841.
179. =Colón, Cristobal.= Relaciones y cartas de.... In _Biblioteca Classica_, t. clxiv. _Madrid_, 1892.
180. =Daly, C. P.= Is the Monroe Doctrine involved in the Controversy between Venezuela and Great Britain? _New York_, 1896.
181. =Davie, R.= The Victorious Voyage of Captaine Amyas Preston, now Knight, and Captaine George Sommers to the West India, begun in March, 1595. In _Hakluyt’s Principal Navigations_ ... Hakluyt Society edition, 1904, vol. x, pp. 213-26.
182. =Diaz, J. D.= Recuerdos sobre la rebelion de Carácas. 4to. _Madrid_, 1829.
=Diaz, R.= _See_ =Baralt, R. M.=
183. =Ducoudray-Holstein, H. L. V.= Historia de Bolivar ... 2 t., 8vo. _Paris_, 1831.
184. =Dudley, R.= [Voyage to Trinidad and the Coast of Paria.] _Hakluyt’s Principal Navigations_, 1600, vol. iii, pp. 574-8.
185. =Esteller, A.= Catecismo de historia de Venezuela, desde su descubrimiento hasta la muerte del Libertador. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1886, &c.
186. =Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, G.= La historia general de los Indias. Fo. _Seville_, 1535.
187. =Figueiras, G.= Une première occupation allemande au Vénézuéla (xviᵉ siècle). _Questions Diplom. et Col._, t. xv, pp. 240-4 [1903].
188. =Flinter, G. D.= The History of the Revolution of Carácas ... with a Description of the Llaneros or people of the Plains of South America. 8vo. _London_, 1819.
=Fortoul, J.= _See_ =Gil Fortoul, J.=
189. =Gaffarel, P.= Étude sur les rapports de l’Amérique et de l’ancien continent avant Christophe Colomb. 8vo. _Paris_, 1869.
190. =Gil Fortoul, J.= Historia Constitucional de Venezuela. Tom i. Pp. 570. _Berlin_, 1907.
191. =Gilij, F. S.= Saggio di Storia Americana. 4 Tt. 8vo. _Rome_, 1780-4.
=Gomara, F. L. de.= _See_ =Lopez de Gomara, F.=
192. =Guinan, F. G.= Historia del Gobierno del Doctor J. P. Rojas Paul ... 1888 à 1890. Pp. 560. 8vo. _Valencia_, 1891.
193. =Gumilla, J.= El Orinoco illustrado y defendido. 4to. _Madrid_, 1745.
194. =Hassert, K.= Die Welserzüge in Venezuela. _Beiträge Kolonial-politik_, bd. iii, pp. 297-317 [1902].
195. =Heilprin, A.= Notes on the Schomburgk Line and the Guayana Boundary. _Bull. Géogr. Club Philadelphia_, vol. ii, pp. 20-30, map [1896].
196. =Herrera Tordesillas, A. de.= Descripcion de los Indias Occidentales. 8 Dec. Fo. _Madrid_, 1601-15.
197. =Hippisley, G.= A Narrative of the Expedition to the Rivers Orinoco and Apure. Pp. 653. _London_, 1819.
198. =Humbert, J.= La première occupation allemande du Vénézuéla au xviᵉ siècle, période dite des Welser (1528-56). _Journ. Soc. Americanistes_, _Paris_, t. i, no. 3 [1904]. _See_ =Vincent, L.=
199. =Hylacomylus, M.= Cosmographiæ Introductio ... Insuper quatuor Americi Vespucci navigationes. 4to. _St. Dié_, _Lorraine_, 1507.
200. =Keymis, L.= A Relation of the second Voyage to Guiana, performed and written in the Year 1596. 4to. _London_, 1596.
201. =Klöden, K. v.= Die Welser in Augsburg als Besitzer von Venezuela und die von ihnen veranlassten Expeditionen der Deutscher dahin. _Zeitschr. Allgem. Erdk. Berlin_, bd. v, pp. 433-55 [1855].
202. =Laet, J. de.= Nieuvve Wereldt ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien.... Pp. 510, maps, fo. _Leyden_, 1625. Other editions in Latin. Fo. _Leyden_, 1633, &c.
203. =Lameda, L.= and =M. Landaeta Rosales.= Historia militar y politica del general Joaquin Crespo. 2 vols. Pp. xcii, 528; xlii, 528. 4to. _Carácas_, 1897.
204. =Landaeta Rosales, M.= Gobiernos de Venezuela desde 1810 hasta 1905. Pp. 115, 8vo. _Carácas_, 1905.
205. =Lopez de Gomara, F.= La Istoria de las Indias, y Conquista de Mexico. 2 parts. Fo. _Zaragoza_, 1552.
206. =MacNutt, F. A.= Bartholomew de las Casas: his Life, his Apostolate, and his Writings.... 8vo. _New York_ and _London_, 1909.
207. =Mendoza, L. Torres de.= Coleccion de Documentos ineditos ... del archivo de Indias. 8vo. _Madrid_, 1864.
208. =Olavarria, D. A.= Estudios historico-politicos, 1810 à 1889. Pp. 289, 8vo. _Valencia_, 1894.
209. =Oviedo y Baños, J. de.= Historia de la conquista, y poblacion de la provincia de Venezuela. Pt. I. Pp. 380, fo. _Madrid_, 1723.
=Oviedo y Valdes, G. F. de.= _See_ =Fernando de Oviedo y
Valdes, G.=
=Pacheco, J. F.= _See_ =Mendoza, L. T. de.=
210. =Páez, J. A.= Autobiografia. 2 vols., 8vo. _New York_, 1867-9.
211. =Pepper, E.= Apuntes para la historia contemporanea de Venezuela, 1892-4. Pp. 93, 8vo. _Curaçao_, 1895.
=Petrus Martyr d’Anghiera.= _See_ =Anglerius, P. M.=
212. =Raleigh, W.= The Discoverie of the large, rich and bewtiful Empyre of Guiana, with a relation of the great and Golden Citie of Manoa (which the Spaniards call El Dorado). Pp. 112, 4to. _London_, 1596.
213. =Rivero, J.= Historia de las Misiones de las Llanos de Casanare y los rios Orinoco y Meta, escrita en el año de 1736. 8vo. _Bogotá_, 1883.
214. =Robinson, J. H.= Journal of an Expedition 1,400 miles up the Orinoco and 300 up the Arauca. Pp. 397. _London_, 1822. [An absurd title, the total length of the Orinoco being about 850 miles, and the portion below the mouth of the Arauca only 360.—L.V.D.]
215. =Rodway, J.= The West Indies and the Spanish Main (Story of the Nations Series). _London_, 1896.
216. =Rojas, A.= Estudios indigenas. Contribuciones a la historia antiqua de Venezuela. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1888.
217. =⸺.= Primeras paginas de un libro de leyendas historicas de Venezuela. 8vo. _Carácas_. 1888.
218. =⸺.= Historia Patria. Leyendas historicas de Venezuela. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1890.
219. =⸺.= Do. Estudios historicos. Origenes Venezolanos. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1891.
220. =Scruggs, W. L.= British Aggressions in Venezuela. _Atlanta, Ga._ Map. 1895.
221. =Simon, Pedro.= Primera Parte de las Noticias historiales de las Conquistas de tierra firme en las Indias Occidentales. Pp. 671, fo. _Cuenca_, 1627.
222. =Steinen, K. v. den.= Ausgrabungen am Valenciasee. _Globus_, bd. lxxxvi, pp. 101-8 [1904].
223. =Strickland, J.= Documents and Maps on the Boundary Question between Venezuela and British Guayana from the Capuchin Archives in Rome. _London_, 1896.
224. =Tavera-Acosta, B.= Anales de Guayana, vol. i. _Ciudad Bolivar_, 1905.
225. =Tejera, F.= Manual de Historia de Venezuela. Ed. iii. Pp. 291. _Carácas_, 1895.
226. =Tejera, M.= Compendio de la Historia de Venezuela. 12mo. _Paris_, 1875.
227. =Tello Mendoza, R.= Viaje del General Cipriano Castro ... al Centro, sur y Oriente de Venezuela en Abril y Mayo de 1905. Pp. 427, 4to. _Carácas_, 1905.
228. =⸺.= Complemento. [General Cipriano Castro.] Pp. 326, 8vo. _Carácas_, 1905.
229. =Tello Mendoza, R.= Documentos del General Cipriano Castro. 5 vols. _Carácas_, 1906.
230. =Ulloa, A. de.= Noticias Americanas. 4to. _Madrid_, 1772.
231. =Vespucci, A.= _See_ =Hylacomylus, M.=
232. =Vincent, L.= and =J. Humbert=. Le Vénézuéla; période des Welser (1528-46). _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, t. xx, pp. 444-57 [1897]: t. xxi, pp. 7-12 [1898].
=Waldsee Mueller, M.= _See_ =Hylacomylus, M.=
233. =Weinhold, M.= Ueber Nicolaus Federmann’s Reise in Venezuela, 1524-31. 3 _Jahresb. Ver. Erdk. Dresden_, 1867, Appendix, pp. 91-112, maps.
234. =Yanes, F. J.= Historia de Venezuela. 1840.
235. =Anon.= _Cartas edificantes de la Compañía de Jesus_, t. xvi., p. 92 [1757].
236. =⸺.= Documentos para los anales de Venezuela desde el movimiento separatista de la Union Colombiana hasta nuestros días. _Carácas_, 1889.
237. =⸺.= The United States of Venezuela in 1893. (World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago.) Pp. 149, map, 8vo. _New York_, 1893.
238. =⸺.= Brief submitted by Venezuela to the Commission appointed to investigate and report upon the true Divisional Line between the Republic of Venezuela and British Guiana. Pp. 28. _Washington._
239. =⸺.= U. S. Commission on Boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana. Documents, &c. 8 vols. _Washington_, 1897.
_See also_ Nos. 293, 324, 325, 338, 343.
VI. ETHNOLOGICAL
240. =Appun, K. F.= Die Goajira-Indianer. _Ausland_, 1868, pp. 1220-22.
241. =Breton, R.= Dictionnaire Caraibe-Français. Tt. 2., 4to. _Auxerre_, 1665-6.
242. =⸺.= Grammaire Caraibe. 8vo. _Ibid._, 1667.
243. =Brinton, D. G.= The Dwarf Tribe of the Upper Amazon. _Washington_, 1898.
244. =Calcaño, J.= El Castellano en Venezuela. Estudio Crítica. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1897.
245. =Costambert, E.= Coup d’Œil sur les productions et sur les peuplades géophages et les autres populations des bords de l’Orénoque. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, sér. 5. t. i, pp. 205-20 [1861].
246. =D’Orbigny, A.= L’homme Américain (de l’Amérique méridionale). Tt. 2. _Paris_, 1839.
247. =Du Pouget, J. F. A.= L’Amérique préhistorique. 8vo. _Paris_, 1883.
248. =Engel, F.= Pfahlbauten in Venezuela. _Ausland_, 1865, pp. 254-8.
249. =⸺.= Die Goajiros. _Ibid._, pp. 798-802, 834-9.
250. =⸺.= Volksbilder aus Venezuela. _Ibid._, 1867, pp. 11-14.
251. =Ernst, A.= Anthropological Remarks on the Population of Venezuela. _Mem. Anthrop. Soc._, vol. iii, pp. 274-87 [1870].
252. =⸺.= Ueber die Reste der Ureinwohner in den Gebirgen von Mérida. _Zeitschr. Ethnol._, vol. xvii, p. 190 [1885].
253. =Garcia, G.= Origen de los Indios de el Nuevo Mundo, e Indias occidentales. Pp. 525. _Valencia_, 1607.
254. =Goering, A.= A Visit to the Guajiro Indians of Maracaibo. _Illustr. Travels H. W. Bates_, vol. ii, pp. 19-21 [1869].
255. =⸺.= Venezuelanische Alterthümer. _Mitt. Ver. Erdkunde Leipzig_, 1874, pp. 21-3.
256. =⸺.= Bei den Chaymas-Indianern von Caripe. _Mitt. Ver. Erdk. Halle_, 1879, pp. 40-48.
257. =Hervas y Panduro, L.= Catalogo de las lenguas de las naciones conocidas.... 6 vols. 4to. _Madrid_, 1800-1805.
258. =Level, A. A.= Informe sobre el estado actual de los Distritos de reducción de indigenas Alto Orinoco, Central y Bajo Orinoco. _Carácas_, 1850.
259. =Lopez Borreguero, R.= Los Indios Caribes. 2 vols. 16mo. _Madrid_, 1875.
260. =Lugo, B. de.= Gramatica en la lengua general del Nuevo Reyno, llamado Mosca. 8vo. _Madrid_, 1619.
261. =Marcano, G.= Ethnographie précolombienne de Vénézuéla. [Valleys of Aragua and Carácas and Atures district.] _Mém. Soc. Athrop. Paris_, sér. 2, t. iv, pp. 1-86, 99-218 [1889-93].
262. =Marcano, G.= Ethnographie précolombienne du Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Paris_, sér 4, t. i, pp. 857-65, 883-95 [1890].
263. =⸺.= Ethnographie précolombienne du Vénézuéla. _Ibid._, t. ii, pp. 238-54 [1891].
264. =Morisot=, =⸺.= Notes ethnographiques recueillies dans le bassin de l’Orénoque. _Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Lyon_, t. viii, pp. 115-20 [1890].
=Nadaillac, Marquis de.= _See_ =Du Pouget, J. F. A.=
265. =Orsi di Broglia di Mombella, G.= Sculture di Indigene del Alto Orinoco. _Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital._, ser. 3, t. iii, pp. 474-9 [1890].
266. =Plassard, L.= Les Guaraunos. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, sér. 5, t. xv, pp. 568-92 [1868].
267. =S— M. D. L.= Dictionnaire Galibi.... Précédé d’un essai de grammaire. 8vo. _Paris_, 1763.
268. =Tauste, F. de.= Arte y Bocabulario de la Lengua de los Indios Chaymas, Cumanagotos, Coros, Parias.... 4to. _Madrid_, 1680.
269. =Tavera Acosta, B.= En el Sur (dialectos indigenas de Venezuela). _Ciudad Bolivar_, 1907.
270. =Anon.= Dr. Crevaux’ Besuch bei den Guaraunos im. Orinoko Delta. _Globus_, bd. xliii, pp. 1-8 [1883].
_See also_ No. 313, 376.
VII. CARÁCAS AND THE “CENTRO.”
271. =Andral, —.= Trade of Carácas District for the Year 1899. _Foreign Office Cons. Rep._, Ann. Ser., No. 2466 [1900].
272. =Appun, C. F.= and =L. Martin=. Beobachtungen auf ihrer Reise nach Venezuela im December, 1848, und Januar, 1849. _Monatsb. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, ser. 2, bd. vi, pp. 123-30 [1849].
273. =Blume, —.= Die Verhältnisse von Venezuela und die dortige deutsche Colonie Tovar nach neueren handschriftlichen Mitteilungen und eigner Erfahrung. _Monatsb. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, ser. 2, bd. x, pp. 111-27 [1853].
274. =Curtis, W. E. C.= The Capitals of Spanish America. 8vo. _New York_, 1888.
275. =Engel, F.= Die Küste von Carácas. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, bd. iv, pp. 404-29 [1869].
276. =⸺.= Carácas, die Hauptstadt von Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. xv, pp. 210-12, 234-6 [1869].
277. =Ernst, A.= Das Thal von Carácas in Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. xx, pp. 25-9, 43-6, 56-9 [1871].
278. =⸺.= Die Witterungsverhältnisse der Thäler von Carácas. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, bd. vii, pp. 248-58, map [1872].
279. =Fendler, A.= [Meteorology of Colonia Tovar.] _Smithson Rep._, 1857, pp. 178-282 [1858].
280. =Fitzgerald, H. D.= Valencia (Vénézuéla). _Bull Soc. Géogr._ _Comm. Bordeaux_, t. ii, pp. 417-24 [1879].
281. =Galli, A.= Del Discoprimiento di un Nuovo Baco da Seta nelle vicinanze di Carácas. _Boll. Consol. Firenze_, t. v, pt. 2, pp. 343-8 [1868-9].
282. =Goering, A.= [Puerto Cabello to Valencia.] _Globus_, bd. xiv, pp. 281-3 [1868].
283. =Gronen, D.= Puerto Cabello. _Deutsche Rundschau_, bd. ix, pp. 123-6 [1887].
284. =Herzog, A.= Eine Besteigung der Silla de Carácas. _Globus_, bd. lvi, pp. 277-81 [1889].
285. =Hesse-Wartegg, E. v.= Beobachtungen über den See von Tacarigua im nördlichen Venezuela. _Petermann’s Mitt._, bd. xxxiv, pp. 321-31, map, 1: 420,000 [1888].
286. =Kiesselbach, W.= Von Bremen nach Carácas und der deutschen Niederlassung Tovar in Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. ix, pp. 276-9 [1866].
=Martin, L.= _See_ =Appun, C. F.=
287. =Ritter, C.= Ein Tag in San Estevan. Geschildert von Herrn Carl Appun. _Monatsb. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, ser. 2, bd. vi, pp. 131-42 [1849].
288. =Rivera, A.= An Illustrated Guide to Carácas. _Philadelphia_, 1897.
289. =Spence, J. M.= Primera Ascension al Pico de Naiguatá. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1872.
_See also_ Nos. 5, 13, 20, 21, 98, 105, 113, 119, 133, 222, 381, 382, 383, 387.
VIII. ZULIA.
290. =Delechaux, —.= Renseignements sur le port et sur la barre de Maracaibo. _Ann. Hydrogr. Paris_, t. xiii, pp. 126-7 [1857].
291. =Eggers, H.= Die Asphalt-Quellen am See von Maracaibo. _Deutsche Geogr. Blätter_, bd. xix, pp. 183-94 [1896].
292. =Engel, F.= Maracaibo. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, bd. v, pp. 418-52 [1870].
293. =Humbert, J.= Un Gibraltar ignoré. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, sér. 2, t. xxiv, pp. 109-12 [1901].
294. =Plümacher, O.= Maracaibo. _Ausland_, bd. lxi, pp. 781-5, 812-14, 836-9 [1888].
295. =Pocaterra, J. D.= Derrotero del Golfo de Venezuela ó saco de Maracaibo. _New York_, 1864.
_See also_ Nos. 6, 111, 119, 248, 254, 393, 395.
IX. THE ANDES.
296. =Engel, F.= Eine Ersteigung der Sierra Nevada de Mérida in Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. xv, pp. 278-81, 298-301, 330-32 [1869].
297. =⸺.= Auf der Sierra Nevada de Mérida. _Samml. gem. verstand. Wiss. Vorträge_, n.f., bd. iii, no. 58. _Hamburg_, 1888.
298. =Goering, A.= Sierra Nevada von Mérida. _Mitt. Ver. Erdkunde Leipzig_, 1875, pp. 101-5.
299. =⸺.= Vom tröpischen Tieflande zum ewigen Schnee. _Leipzig_, n.d. [1895?].
300. =Guerrero, E. C.= El Táchira fisico, politico é ilustrado. Pp. 306. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1905.
301. =⸺.= El Táchira. _Bol. R. Soc. Geogr. Madrid_, t. xlviii, pp. 133-6 [1906].
302. =Sievers, W.= [Communication relative to his journey to the Cordillera of Mérida.] _Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Hamburg_, 1884, pp. 339-45.
303. =⸺.= Ueber Schneeverhältnisse in der Cordillere Venezuela’s. _Jahresb. Geogr. Ges. München_, 1885, pp. 54-7.
304. =⸺.= Bemerkungen zur Original Routenkarte der Venezolanische Cordillere. _Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Hamburg_, 1885-6, pp. 309-16, map, 1: 1,000,000.
305. =Sievers, W.= Landschaftlicher Charakter der Anden Venezuelas. _Globus_, bd. li. pp. 8-11, 26-9, 41-4 [1887].
306. =⸺.= Die Cordillere von Mérida nebst bemerkungen über das Karibische Gebirge. _Geogr. Abhand._, bd. iii. Pp. 238, map [1888].
_See also_ Nos. 99, 107, 119, 147, 150, 162, 252.
X. FALCÓN, &c.
307. =Sievers, W.= Richard Ludwig’s Reisen auf Paraguana (Venezuela). _Globus_, bd. lxxiii, pp. 303-9 [1898].
308. =⸺.= Die Inseln von der Nordküste von Venezuela. _Ibid._, bd. lxxiv, pp. 163-5, 291-4, 302-7 [1898].
309. =⸺.= Richard Ludwig’s Reisen in Coro. _Ibid._, bd. lxxv, 177-10 [1899].
_See also_ Nos. 43, 106, 119, 137, 403, 404.
XI. THE “ORIENTE.”
310. =Ahrenburg, H.= Die Perlenfischerei auf der Insel Margarita. _Mem. Geogr. Ges. Jena_, bd. xxv, pp. 37-9 [1907].
311. =Beebe, Mary B.= and =C. W.= Our Search for a Wilderness. _London_, 1910.
312. =Erbach-Erbach, E. Graf zu.= Im Delta des Orinoko. _Jahresb._ ix _u._ x _Württemberg Ver. Handelsgeographie_, pp. 50-66 [1892].
313. =Ernst, A.= Bemerkungen über das Delta des Orinoco und die Guaraunen. _Globus_, bd. xvii, pp. 316-18 [1870].
314. =Fostin, E.= Une plaine de bitume au Vénézuéla. _Compt. Rend. Soc. Geogr. Paris_, 1895, pp. 221-4.
315. =Goering, A.= Ausflug nach den neuen Guacharo-höhlen in der Venezolanischen Provinz Cumaná. _Globus_, bd. xiii, pp. 161-7 [1868].
316. =Hirzel, H.= Erdöl und Asphalt auf der Inseln Pedernales, Pesquero und del Plata in Venezuela. _Chem. Rev. Fett. Harz. Ind._, bd. x, pp. 275-7 [1903].
317. =Humboldt, P. H. A. v.= Account of the Great Cavern of the Guacharo. _Edinb. Phil. Journ._, vol. iii, pp. 83-92 [1820].
318. =Level, A. A.= Esbozos de Venezuela. I. Margarita. _Carácas_, 1881.
319. =Sievers, W.= Ein Schlammvulkan, Hervidero, in der Llanos von Maturín. _Deutsche Rundschau Geogr._, bd. xx, pp. 394-8 [1898].
320. =Wall, G. P.= On the Geology of a Part of Venezuela and Trinidad. _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvi, pp. 460-70 [1860].
321. =Anon.= Recollections of Cumaná. _Orient. Herald_, vol. xv, pp. 495-501 [1827].
322. =⸺.= Wanderungen an der Küste Venezuela’s. _Ausland_, 1865, pp. 745-51.
_See also_ Nos. 5, 21, 108, 146, 155, 164, 178, 256, 270, 386, 397.
XII. THE LLANOS.
323. =Bingham, H.= The Journal of an Expedition across Venezuela and Colombia. 8vo. _New Haven_ and _London_, 1909.
324. =Carvajal, J. de.= Relacion del descubrimiento del Rio Apure hasta su ingreso en el Orinoco.... MSS. Printed _Leon_, 1892.
325. =Cortes de Madariaga, J.= Diario y observaciones ... en su regreso de Santafé a Carácas. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1832.
326. =Gagliardi, —.= Le condizioni delle colonie italiane nel Venezuela e la miniera di Naricual. _Bol. Soc. Geogr. Ital._, sér. 4, t. vii, pp. 1251-3 [1906].
327. =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.= Ansichten der Natur.... 16mo. _Stuttgart_ and _Tübingen_, 1826.
328. =Páez, R.= Travels and Adventures in South and Central America. Life on the Llanos. 8vo. _New York_, 1868.
329. =Anon.= Die Landschaft am Apurestrom in Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. v, pp. 244-7 [1864].
_See also_ Nos. 34, 108, 188, 197, 213, 214.
XIII. BOLIVAR CITY AND STATE.
330. =André, E.= The Caura Affluent of the Orinoco. _Geogr. Journ._, vol. xx, pp. 283-306 [1902].
331. =⸺.= The Caura. 4to & fo., map. _Trinidad_, 1902.
332. =André, E.= A Naturalist in the Guianas. Pp. 310, map. _London_, 1904.
333. =Bendrat, T. A.= Karte der Umgebung von Caicara in Venezuela. _Petermann’s Mitt._ 1910, pl. xlvi.
334. =⸺.= Ciudad Bolivar. _Journ. Geogr._, bd. viii, pp. 218-22 [1910].
=Blair, Dr.= _See_ No. 354.
335. =Campbell, W. H.= By the Cuyooni to the Orinoco in 1857. _“Timehri,” Demerara_, vol. ii, pp. 133-58 [1883]. _See_ No. 354, _infra._
336. =Du Marais, —.= Renseignements sur l’Orénoque. _Ann. Hydrogr. Paris_, t. xiii, p. 127 [1857].
337. =Eckermann, —.= Orinoco Fahrten. _Ann. Hydrographie_, bd. xxxi, pp. 166-72 [1903].
338. =Elliot, C.= Proposed Exploration of the River Orinoco, &c. _Proc. R. G. S._, vol. i, pp. 251-5 [1856-7].
339. =Ernst, A.= Die Goldregion des venezuelanischen Guayana. _Globus_, bd. xvi, pp. 124-6, 137, 138 [1869].
340. =Fernandez-Duro, C.= Rios de Venezuela y de Colombia. Relaciones ineditas (Antonio de la Torre, &c.). _Bol. Soc. Geogr. Madrid_, t. xxviii, pp. 76-174 [1890]; t. xxix, pp. 161-219 [1890].
341. =Foster, C. Le Neve.= A Journey up the Orinoco to the Caratal Goldfield—Raleigh’s “El Dorado.” _Illustr. Trav. H. W. Bates_, vol. i, pp. 257-63, 297-302, 335-8, 376-8, map [1869].
342. =Galli, G.= Sulle Miniere Aurifere delia Guayana. _Bol. Consol. Firenze_, t. vi, pt. 2, pp. 24-35 [1870].
343. =Gumilla, P. J.= Histoire naturelle, civile et géographique de l’Orénoque. 3 vols., 12mo. _Avignon_, 1758.
=Holmes, —.= _See_ No. 354.
344. =Lemos, — de.= Trade of Ciudad Bolivar for the Year 1899. _For. Off. Cons. Rep._, Ann. Ser., No. 2388 [1900] and others.
345. =Morisse, L.= Excursion dans l’Eldorado (El Callao). 4 maps. _Paris_, 1904.
346. =Paquet, N.= L’Or en Guyane Vénézuélien. 8vo. _Paris_, 1904.
347. =Passarge, S.= Reise im venezolanischer Guiana. _Mitth. Geogr. Ges. Hamburg_, bd. xix, pp. 253-5 [1903].
348. =⸺.= Reise im Gebiet des Orinoko. _Mitt. Ver. Erdk. Leipzig_, 1903, pp. 33-6.
349. =Passarge, S.= Bericht über eine Reise in venezolanischer Guyana. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, 1903, pp. 5-43, map, 1: 300,000. [Astronomical work by W. M. S. Selwyn.]
350. =Paterson, S.= In the Wilds of Venezuela. _Scottish Geogr. Mag._, vol. xiv, pp. 591-9 [1898].
351. =⸺.= In the Valley of the Orinoco. _Geogr. Journ._, vol. xiii, pp. 39-50, map [1899].
=Selwyn, W. S.= _See_ =Passarge, S.=
352. =Wears, W. G.= Prospects of Gold Mining in Venezuela. Plan. 8vo. _London_, 1888 [2 editions].
353. =Anon.= Journal of a Trip from San Thomé de Angostura, in Spanish Guayana, to the Capuchin Missions of the Caroni. _Quart. Journ. Sci._, vol. viii, pp. 260-87; vol. ix, pp. 1-32 [1820].
354. =⸺.= Die Expedition der Herren Dr. Blair, Holmer und Campbell nach den Goldwäschen von Caratal in Venezuela, im Spätsommer 1857. _Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin_, n.f., bd. iv, pp. 365-78. Map [1858].
_See also_ Nos. 21, 34, 85, 97, 102, 123, 193, 245.
XIV. THE TERRITORIO AMAZONAS.
355. =Chaffanjon, J.= Le Bassin de l’Orénoque. _Gazette Géogr. Paris_, t. ii, pp. 201-4 [1885].
356. =⸺.= Das Becken des Orinoco. _Ausland_, bd. lix, pp. 323-7 [1886].
357. =⸺.= L’Orénoque et ses Sources. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, t. x, pp. 682-8 [1887].
358. =⸺.= Exploration du bassin de l’Orénoque. _Compt. Rend. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, 1887, pp. 97-100.
359. =⸺.= Mon dernier Voyage au Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Paris_, t. x, pp. 9-20 [1887-8].
360. =⸺.= Un Voyage au Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr._ & _Mus. Comm. St. Nazaire_, t. iv, pp. 13-25 [1888].
361. =⸺.= Le Bassin de l’Orénoque. _Rev. Géogr. Internat. Paris_, t. xiii, pp. 64, 133-5 [1888].
362. =⸺.= Voyage à travers les Llanos du Caura, et aux sources de l’Orénoque. _Jour. du Monde_, t. lvi, pp. 305-84. Sketch map [1888].
363. =⸺.= Voyage au sources de l’Orénoque. _Bull. Union Géogr. Nord. France_, t. ix, pp. 97-147 [1888].
364. =⸺.= L’Orénoque et le Caura. 2 maps. _Paris_, 1889.
365. =Hübner, G.= Reise in das Quellgebiet des Orinoco. _Deutsche Rundschau Géogr._, bd. xx, pp. 14-20, 55-65 [1897].
366. =Humboldt, F. H. A. v.= Note sur la communication qui existe entre l’Orénoque et la rivière des Amazonas. _Journ. École Poly._, t. iv, pp. 65-8. Map [1810].
367. =⸺.= Ueber die Verbindung zwischen dem Orinoco und Amazonen fluss. _Zach’s Monatl. Correspondenz_, bd. xxvi, pp. 230-35 [1812].
368. =Michelena y Rojas, F.= Exploracion Official por la primera vez desde el Norte de la America del sur siempre par Rios.... Map. 8vo. _Brussels_, 1867.
369. =Montolieu, F.= L’Ynirida. _Bull Soc. Géogr. Paris_, sér. 6, t. xix, pp. 289-301 [1880].
370. =Morisse, L.= Le Caoutchouc du Haut-Orénoque. _Arch. Miss, Sci. Litt. Paris_, sér. 4, t. i, pp. 177-200 [1891].
371. =Rusby, H. H.= Concerning Exploration upon the Orinoco. _Alum. Journ. Coll. Pharm. N.Y._, vol. iii, pp. 185-91 [1896].
372. =Schomburgk, R. H.= Journey from Fort San Joaquim, on the Rio Branco, to Roraima, and thence by the Rivers Parima and Merevari to Esmeralda on the Orinoco in 1838-9. _Journ. R. Geogr. Soc._, vol. x, pp. 191-247 [1841].
373. =⸺.= Journey from Esmeralda on the Orinoco to San Carlos and Moura on the Rio Negro.... _Ibid._, pp. 248-67 [1841].
374. =Stradelli, E.= [Expedition up the Orinoco.] _Boll. Soc. Géogr. Ital._, ser. 2, t. xii, pp. 354-6, 500 [1887].
375. =⸺.= Nell’ alto Orinoco. _Ibid._, ser. 3, t. i, pp. 715-44, 832-54. Map [1888].
376. =Tavera-Acosta, B.= Rio Negro. Pp. 149. 8vo. _Ciudad Bolivar_, 1906.
377. =Anon.= Robert Schomburgk und seine Reise in Guyana, am Orinoco, &c. _Globus_, bd. xiv, pp. 151-4, 186-9 [1868].
378. =⸺.= J. Chaffanjon’s Reisen im Gebiete des Orinoko und Caura. _Globus_, bd. lvi, pp. 70-74, 88, 99, 195, 212, 231 [1889].
_See also_ Nos. 148, 160, 161, 245, 265, 327.
XV. RESOURCES, COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNICATIONS, &c.
379. =Berthelot, S.= Notice sur les nouveaux établissements agricoles fondés au Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Paris_, sér. 2, t. xviii, pp. 37-55 [1842].
380. =Briceño, M. de.= La gran cuestion fiscal de Venezuela.... Reforma del sistema aduanero. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1864.
381. =Carruthers. J.= The Trincheras Steep Incline on the Puerto Cabello and Valencia Railway, Venezuela. _Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng._, vol. xcvi, pp. 120-30 [1888-9].
382. =Church, G. E.= The Venezuela Central Railway and its Sources of Traffic. 8vo. _London_, 1888.
=Diaz, M. V.= _See_ =Rojas, A.=
383. =Engel, F.= Die Fahrstrasse von La Guayra nach Carácas. _Globus_, bd. xiv, pp. 334-7 [1868].
384. =Ernst, A.= A Descriptive Catalogue of the Venezuelan Department at the Philadelphia International Exhibition. 12mo. _Philadelphia_, 1876.
385. =⸺.= La Exposicion Nacional de Venezuela en 1883. Fo. _Carácas_, 1884.
386. =Fiebeger, G. J.= Report on Bermudez Asphalt. _Rep. Operat. Eng. Dept. D.C._, 1894, pp. 143-6.
387. =Heinke, E. H. A.= “La Guaira and Carácas Railway.” _Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng._, vol. cx, pp. 299-303 [1892].
388. =Hortensio, G. and M.= Literatura venezolana. 2 vols. _Carácas_, 1883.
=Houston, J. L.= _See_ =Punchard, W. C.=
=Humbert, J.= _See_ =Vincent, L.=
389. =Magliano, R.= L’Industrie delle Miniere e del Caffe nel Venezuela. _Bol. Ministr. Afari Esteri_, 1891, vol. ii, pp. 357-60 [1891].
390. =Navarro, E.= Venezuela. Ferrocarriles, comercio y navegacion. _Rev. Géogr. Col. y Mercantil_, t. iv, pp. 182-219 [1907].
391. =Oppel, A.= Die wirtschaftliche Verhältnisse von Venezuela. _Globus_, bd. lvii, pp. 171-4 [1890].
392. =Palacio, R. M.= El Progreso de Venezuela. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1877.
393. =Plümacher, E. H.= Petroleum Deposits in Venezuela. _Rep. Comm. Rel. U.S._, 1880, pp. 11-16.
394. =⸺.= Petroleum Development in Venezuela. _Rep. Cons. U.S._, vol. xxi, pp. 556, 557 [1887].
395. =Plümacher, E. H.= Asphalt and Petroleum Deposits in Venezuela. _Ibid._, vol. xxvi, pp. 487-91 [1888].
396. =Punchard, W. C.= and =J. L. Houston=. La Guaira Harbour Works. _Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng._, vol. cxv, pp. 332-42 [1893-4].
397. =Quievreux, H.= La pêche des perles au Vénézuéla. _Rev. Maritime_, t. cxlvi, pp. 444-8 [1900].
398. =Richardson, C.= On the Nature and origin of Asphalt. _Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind._, vol. xvii, pp. 13-32 [1898].
399. =⸺.= The Modern Asphalt Pavement. _New York_, 1905 and 1908.
400. =Rizzetto, R.= Un episodio della Emigrazione Italiana nel Venezuela. _Boll. Soc. Géogr. Ital._, t. ii, pp. 141-56 [1886].
401. =Rojas, A.= and =M. V. Diaz=. Apuntes para el repertorio de plantas utiles de Venezuela. 8vo. _Carácas_, 1866.
402. =Ruiz, P. M.= Anuario Estadístico de Venezuela, 1908. Pp. lxxx, 495. _Carácas_, 1910.
403. =Schottky, A.= Die Kupfererze der Districtes von Aroa, Venezuela. Pp. 36. _Breslau_, 1877.
404. =⸺.= Ueber die Kupfererze des Minen-Districtes von Aroa in Venezuela. _55 Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Kultur_, pp. 45, 46 [1878].
405. =Sievers, W.= Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung Venezuela’s und die deutschen Interessen daselbst. _Die Natur_, bd. li, pp. 61-4 [1902].
406. =Vincent, L.= and =J. Humbert=. L’instruction publique au Vénézuéla. _Bull. Soc. Géogr. Comm. Bordeaux_, t. xx, pp. 241-6, 381-9, 422-30 [1897].
407. =Anon.= The London Venezuelan Guyana Mutual Emigration Society. Prospectus, with Code of Laws, etc., in the Settlement and Colony of Pattisonville. 12mo. _London_, 1869.
408. =⸺.= Petroleum in Venezuela. _London Iron Trades Exchange_, vol. xxviii, p. 397 [1880].
409. =⸺.= Les Sources du Pétrole de Vénézuéla. _Ann. Industr._, t. xix, p. 393 [1887].
410. =⸺.= The Asphalt Deposits of Venezuela. _Eng. Min. Journ._, vol. lxxi, p. 303 [1901].
411. =⸺.= Der Bermudez Asphalt-streit. _Asphalt Teerind. Zeit._, bd. v, pp. 287, 288 [1905].
_See also_ Nos. 68, 69, 70, 132, 281, 291, 314, 316, 326, 342, 345, 346, 352, 370.
INDEX
_Names of persons in capitals._
A
Aborigines (119-134);
bibliography, 302-304;
measures for civilisation of, 79, 97, 234
Achaba, Mt., 220
Administrative divisions, 108, 109
AGUIRRE, LOPE DE, 74-76
ALDAMA, JUAN DE, 200, 201
ALFINGER, AMBROSIUS, 71, 72, 151
Altagracia (Zulia), 154
AMALIVACA, legend of, 64
Amazon basin, communication with Orinoco, 232-234
Amazonas territory, 223-234;
population, 273;
bibliography, 310, 311
Amazons, villages and communities of, 123, 124
Améha, Mt., 220, 221
AMPIES, JUAN DE, 71, 72
Andes of Venezuela, 31, 32, 157-170;
principal heights, 282;
bibliography, 306, 307
ANDRÉ, E., 49, 220, 221
Angostura. _See_ Ciudad Bolivar
ANZOÁTEGUI, General, 89
Anzoátegui, State of, 199-202, 208;
population of, &c., 269
Apure, State of, 199, 258;
population of, &c., 269
Aragua de Barcelona, 202;
population and climate, 282
Aragua de Maturín, 188
Aragua, State of, 143-145;
population of, &c., 269
Arawak Indians, 125, 133
Araya, Castle of, 69, 70, 185;
Salina of, 244
Area of the Republic, 25
Arecuna Indians, 122
Areo, 207, 208
ARIAS, DOMINGO, 186
Arichi, Mt., 220
ARISMENDI, JUAN BAUTISTA, 87, 90
Army, 117, 118
Aroa, 173, 174;
copper-mines of, 246
Arrowroot. _See_ Manioc
Asphalt, 45, 46, 150, 188, 190, 191, 202, 203, 245
Asunción, 182;
foundation of, 70;
population and climate, 281
Atabapo, River, 224
Atures Rapids, 225, 226
Atures (town), 227
AYARES, PEDRO, 216
B
Bailadores, 167;
copper near, 245
Balatá, 49, 212, 215, 218, 250
Baniba Indians, 125, 130-133, 230
Banking, 113, 239, 240
BARALT, R., 97, 152
Barbacoas, 209
Barcelona, 199-202;
salt of, 244;
railway to Guanta, 255;
population and climate, 281
Baria Indians, 125
Barinas, 210;
population and climate, 282
BARING BROTHERS, 242
Barquisimeto, 172, 247;
population and climate, 281
Barrancas, 192
BASTIDAS, DON RODRIGO DE, 73
BATES, H. W., 53
_Bejucal_, 48
BERMUDEZ, GEN. JUAN, 87
“Bermudez” Asphalt Lake, 188, 203, 245
BERRIO Y ORUÑA, DON ANTONIO DE, 78
Betijoque, 169
Bibliography, 287-314
Bifurcation of the Casiquiare (Orinoco and Amazon), 230, 232, 233
Birds, 55-58
Birth-customs, Indian, 128
Bishop of Coro, first, 73
BLANCO, GUZMAN, 100, 101
BOBADILLA, DON FRANCISCO DE, 231
Bobures, 165
Boconó, 169;
population and climate, 281
BOLIVAR, SIMON: early life and character of, 87;
dispatched to England, 82;
work as liberator, 87-95;
death, 95;
publicly honoured, 97, 98
Bolivar Railway, 145, 158, 172-174, 255
Bolivar, State of, 211-222;
population of, &c., 270;
Bibliography, 308-310
Botany, 47-52;
Bibliography, 294-297
BRASCHI, SÑR. ANTONIO, 169
Brazil, frontier with, 106
Brazil nuts, 49, 228
British Guiana, frontier with, 107, 108;
dispute over, 102, 103
British legion, 91, 93, 94
British trade with Venezuela, 266, 267.
_See_ Trade
Budget, 283, 284
Burial-customs, Indian, 121, 128
BURKE, WILLIAM, 85
C
Cable Company, 254
Cadupinapo Indians, 122
Caicara, 221
Calabozo, 209;
population and climate, 282
Callao goldfields, 213-217, 246
Camaguan, 209
CANADIAN-VENEZUELAN ORE CO., LTD., 244
Cannibalism of the Conquistadores, 72;
alleged cannibalism of Indians, 122, 123
Caño Colorado, 203
_Caños_, 29
Capatárida, 178;
tobacco of, 249
Capital, returns on, 243;
British capital in Venezuela, 266
Capitania General of Venezuela established, 80
Capuchin missions, 79
Carabobo, Battle of, 93, 94
Carabobo, State of, 145-148;
population of, &c., 270
Carácas, 138-141;
foundation of, 76;
university founded, 80;
Junta of, 82;
brewery, 251;
Academy of History, 251;
telephones, 254;
tramways, 256;
population and climate, 281;
bibliography, 304, 305
Carache, 169, 170
Carapo, 218
Caratal, 216
Carenero-Rio Chico Railway, 142, 143, 255
Carib Indians, 122-125
Caribbean Hills, 29, 30;
towns of, &c., 135-148, 181-192;
bibliography, 304, 305, 307, 308
_Caribe_ (fish), 59
Caroni, River, 213, 218, 219
Carora, 176
Carúpano, 188, 189;
sulphur near, 245;
population and climate, 281
Caruzana Indians, 125
“_Casa Fuerte_,” Barcelona, 90, 200, 201
Casiquiare bifurcation, 230, 232, 233
Cassava. _See_ Manioc
CASTELLON, JACOME DE, 70
CASTRO, CIPRIANO, 103, 104, 176, 189, 190
CASTRO, JULIAN, 99
Cataniapo, River, 227, 228
Catatumbo, River, 33, 153
Cattle. _See_ Stock-farming
Caura, River, 219-221
Ceiba tree, 49
Central Railway, 141, 142, 255, 256
Centralists. _See_ Oligarca
CHALBAUD, GEN. R. D., 226
Chama, River, 164
CHAMBERLAIN, COL. C., 201
Chaparro, 50
_Chimo_, 46
_Cienagas_, 28
Cinchona, 50, 52
Cinnabar, 222
Ciudad Bolivar, 212;
Congress of Angostura, 91;
population and climate, 282
Climate, 33-36, 196, 222, 281, 282
Coal, 44, 45, 150, 159, 161, 176, 202, 243, 244
Coche (island), 185;
salt of, 244
Cocoa, 141-143, 155, 159, 188, 248, 249;
wild, 228, 248
_Cocuiza_ (fibre). _See_ Fibre
CODAZZI, COL. A., 97, 251
Coffee, 141-143, 159, 161, 248
Coinage, 112-114, 239
Cojedes, State, 199, 210;
population of, &c., 270
Cojoro;
Harbour of, 151
Colombia;
frontier with, 106, 107
Colombia;
Republic of Great, 92, 94, 95
Colón, 161
Colonisation, 234, 263, 264;
Bibliography, 313
COLUMBUS, 64, 65
Communications, 252-260, 266;
Bibliography, 312-314
COMPAÑÍA ANÓNIMA DE NAVEGACION FLUVIAL Y COSTANERA, 226
COMPAÑÍA DE PETROLEO DE TÁCHIRA, 161, 245
COMPAÑÍA GUIPUZCOANA, 80, 209, 236
_Conquistadores_;
character of the, 61, 62;
cruelties of, 66-70
Constitution of Venezuela;
of 1811, 85, 86;
of 1819, 91;
changes in, 104, 105;
modern form, 109
Copaiba-balsam, 49, 155, 219, 250
Copper, 45, 143, 159, 173, 174, 228, 245, 246
Coro, 177, 178, 247;
foundation of, 71;
population and climate, 281;
first bishop of, 73;
coal of, 243;
Coro-La Vela Railway, 178, 256
Cotton, 144-146, 170, 172, 249
CRESPO, President, 101, 102
Cristobal Colón (Puerto), 189, 190
Cúa, 143
Cuacua Indians, 122
Cubagua (island), 183, 184;
history of, 67, 70, 73
Cuchivero, River, 221, 222
Cucuhy, 234
_Cuestas_, 169
Cumaná, 185, 186;
foundation of, 69, 70;
population and climate, 281
Cumanacoa, 186
Cura, 218
Curaçao, 179, 180
_Curare_, 124, 227
Curasicana Indians, 122
Curataquiche, 208
Currency, 112-114, 239
D
Debt of Venezuela, 240-243, 285
DE LESSEPS, F., 138
Delta Territory, 191, 192;
Indians of, 125-130, 191;
population, 273;
Bibliography, 307, 308
DISKONTO GESELLSCHAFT (BERLIN), 242
Dividive. _See_ Dye-woods, &c.
Dominican missionaries, 67, 68
D’ORBIGNY, A., on Quichuas, 130
DRAKE, SIR F., 77
Duaca, 173
DUDLEY, SIR R., 45
Duida, Mt., 230, 231
Dye-woods, 51, 170, 191
E
Earthquakes, 43, 44, 86, 164, 185
Education, 112, 234, 251, 266
Egret-plumes, 57
Ejido, 165
El Callao, 215-217;
goldmine of, 246
El Cobre, 162
“EL DORADO,” legend of, 73, 78, 79;
origin of, 63, 64
Erewato, River, 220
Escuque, 169
Esmeralda, 224
Estanques, 165
Ethnology, 119-134;
Bibliography, 302-304
Executive; departments of, 110, 117, 118
F
Falcón, State of, 177, 178;
population of, &c., 270;
Bibliography, 307
FAXARDO, FRANCISCO, 74
Federal District, 135-141;
population, 273;
Bibliography, 304, 305
Federalists. _See_ Liberal
FEDERMANN, NICOLAUS, 73
Fibre, 172, 178, 189
Finance; National, 264-266, 283-285
Foreigners; laws relating to, 111
Franciscan missionaries, 67, 68, 79
FREITES, PEDRO MARIA, 90, 201
G
Galera; La, 41
GENERAL FINANCE AND CREDIT CO., 242
Geology, 38-46;
Bibliography, 292-294
German residents, 152, 212, 239
Gibraltar, 154, 155;
occupied by patriots in 1821, 93
Goajiro Indians, 119-122, 155
Goat-farming, 150, 176, 178, 247
Gold, 45, 159, 165, 189, 213-217, 228, 231, 232, 236, 246
GOMEZ, GEN. JUAN VICENTE, 104, 105, 145, 265, 266
Government; policy of, 265, 266
GRAMONT (buccaneer), 155
Great Táchira Railway, 154, 256
Great Venezuelan Railway, 143-146, 256
_Guacharo_ (bird), 56, 57;
cave of, 187
Guaharibo Indians, 125, 231
Guahibo Indians, 125
Guaica Indians, 126
Guainia River, 233, 234
Guaipunavi. _See_ Puinabi
Guaiqueria Indians, 67
Gual and España Revolution, 80
Guanare, 210;
population and climate, 282
Guaniamo, River, 222
Guano, 180
Guanta, 202
Guarapiche River, 203
“_Guarapo_,” 137
Guaraunos. _See_ Warraus
Guareca. _See_ Wareca
Guárico, River, 195
Guárico, State of, 199, 209;
population of, &c., 270
Guasipati, 215;
population and climate, 281
Guatavita Indians, 63
Guaviare, River, 224
Guayabal, 209
Guayana, 26, 27, 211-234;
geology of, 38-40;
trees and plants of, 47-50;
goldfields of, 213-217, 246;
cocoa, 248;
old roads in, 257;
possibilities of, 263;
bibliography, 308-311
Guayana Vieja, 192, 210;
foundation of, 78;
taken by Raleigh, 79
Guayungomo. _See_ Maquiritare
GUERRA, L. and C., expedition to West Indies, 66
Guipuzcoana Company. _See_ Compañía Guipuzcoana
H
HARRISON, J. B., 45
Headless men, 123
Health, public, 36, 37, 111
History, 61-105;
Bibliography, 297-302
Hospitality, 115, 165, 166, 205, 206
Hot springs, 44, 168, 169
HUMBOLDT, F. H. A. VON, 46, 56, 209, 225
HUTEN, PHILIP VON, 73
HYLACOMYLUS, MARTIN, 66
I
Imataca Mts., 192;
iron of, 244
IM THURN, SIR E., on Arawaks, 133
Independence, Declaration of, 83
Industries, 250, 251
Inirida, River, 224
Insignia of the republic, 118
Iron, 45, 192, 228, 244
J
_Jefe Civil_; functions of, 110
Jesuit missions, 79, 122, 133, 134
Justice, administration of, 111
K
KARSTEN, H., 44
KINGSLEY, C. (“Westward Ho!”), 77
L
La Ceiba Railway, 158, 169, 255
La Grita, 162, 163
La Guaira, 135-137;
population and climate, 281
La Guaira-Carácas Railway, 137, 138, 255
LA GUAIRA HARBOUR CORPORATION, 136
Lagunillas, 165
“_Lajas_,” 220;
minerals in, 228
LANDAETA ROSALES, MANUEL, 201
Languages; Indian, 126
Lara, State of, 171-173, 175-177;
population of, &c., 271
Las Aves Islands, 180
LAS CASAS, BARTOLOMÉ DE, 69, 70, 185
“_Las Laderas_,” 166
Las Trincheras hot-springs, 44
La Vela, 178
La Victoria, 144;
population and climate, 281
Lead, 45
LEDESMA, DON ALONSO ANDREA DE, 77
Legislature of Venezuela, 110, 111
_Liberal_ party, 97
LIDUEÑA, GONZALO PIÑA, 154
Liquid fuel, 262, 263
Llanos, 27-29, 193-210, 246, 247;
houses on, 204-207;
commercial possibilities of, 262;
bibliography, 308
Lobatera, 161
LOSADA, DIEGO DE, founder of Carácas, 76
Los Apartaderos, 167
Los Castillos (de Guayana), 192
Los Roques Islands, 180
Los Teques, 143, 144;
population and climate, 281
M
Macanao, 182
Maco or Macapure Indians, 122
Macusi Indians, 122
Macuto, 136
Mahogany, 49
Maipures Rapids, 225, 226
Maiquetia, 136
Maiquetia-Macuto Railway, 136, 255
Mandawak Indians, 126
Manganese, 228
Manioc, 116, 131, 142
Mapoyo. _See_ Cuacua
Maquiritare Indians, 122, 221, 232
Maracaibo, 149-153;
Indians in, 120;
Bank of, 240;
coal of, 243;
Lake of, 33, 149, 150, 153, 154, 156;
“Lights” of, 156;
salt of, 244;
population and climate, 281
_Maracas_ (rattles), 124, 125
Maracay, 144, 145
Marapizano. _See_ Caruzana
Margarita (island), 181-183;
named by Columbus, 65
MARIÑO, SANTIAGO, 87-90, 94, 96, 265;
deserts Freites, 90
Maroa, 233
Marriage customs; Indian, 125, 128, 131-133
Marriage laws, 111
Massacre of Spaniards by Indians, 231, 232
Maturín, 202-208;
population and climate, 282
MEAT PRODUCTS SYNDICATE, 147, 247, 249
Medicine-men, 121, 122, 130
MENDOZA, DON JOAQUIN MORENO DE, 212.
Merevari River, 232.
_See also_ Caura
Mérida (city), 163-165;
population and climate, 281
Mérida; Cordillera of, 32;
Sierra Nevada of, 32, 164, 165, 282
Mérida, State of, 163-167;
population of, &c., 271
“_Mesas_”; 28, 163, 194
_Mestizos_; rising of, 88;
transfer support to patriots, 92
Milk; vegetable, 155
Mineral wealth and mining, 44-46, 148, 159, 173, 174, 243;
early exploitation, 74
MIRANDA, DON FRANCISCO, 81, 82;
dictatorship and death, 86
Miranda, State of, 141-144;
population, &c., 271
Missions, 67, 70, 79, 80, 133, 134
MONÁGAS; General, 89, 98, 99
Monágas; State of, 187, 188, 199, 202-208;
population, &c., 271
Montalbán, 146
MONTEVERDE, DON DOMINGO DE, 86, 88
Mora (tree), 48, 49
MORALES; General, 89, 94
MORGAN; SIR HENRY, sacks Gibraltar, 155
MORILLO; General, 89, 90, 92
Mosquitoes, 221;
mistaken use of name, 59
Motatán, 168
Motilones Indians, 155
Mucuchíes, 167
N
Naiguatá (Peak), 29;
height of, 282
Naricual coalmines, 202, 244
Navy, 117;
dockyard, 147
New Andalusia; Eastern Venezuela, 50;
named by Ojeda, 65
New Cadiz, 70, 73, 183, 184
Nichare, River, 220
NIÑO, PEDRO ALONSO, 66
Nirgua, 175
Nueva Esparta; State of, 181-185;
population, &c., 271;
Bibliography, 307, 308
O
OCAMPO; GONZALEZ DE, 69, 70
Ocumare de la Costa, 148
Ocumare del Tuy, 141;
population and climate, 281
Oil-bird. _See_ Guacharo
Oil-fields, 263. _See_ Petroleum, &c.
OJEDA, ALONSO DE, first to land in Venezuela, 65, 149;
his father, 68
O’LEARY, DANIEL F., 91, 201
_Oligarca_ party, 97
ORDAZ, DIEGO DE, 72
Orinoco, 211-234;
steamers on, 212, 224, 225, 258;
climate of, 222
Ortiz, 209
Otomak tribe, 122
OVIEDO Y BAÑOS, the historian, quoted, 74
P
PACHECO, ALONSO DE, 73, 151
PÁEZ, JOSÉ ANTONIO, 90, 95-97
Pampatar, 182
Panama Canal; importance of, to Venezuela, 261-263
Pao copper-mine, 245
Pará; Falls of, 220
Paragua, River, 219
Paraguana, 178
Páramos, 162, 167, 169;
vegetation of, 52
Pareca Indians, 122
Paria; Gulf and Peninsula of, 189, 190
Parima, Mts., 224
Pasimonabi Indians, 126
PATERSON, MAJOR S., 222
Pauare Indians, 122
Pearl-fisheries, 182, 184, 236
Pedernales, 190, 245
Pedraza, 210
Pericos, 224
Petare, 141, 142
Petroleum, 45, 46, 150, 159, 161, 169, 177, 183, 185, 186, 188, 190,
191, 245, 262, 263
Philanthropic institutions, 111, 112
Phosphate of lime, 180
Piapoco Indians, 125
PIAR, MANUEL, 87, 89, 90
Piaroa Indians, 125, 227
PIMENTEL, DON JUAN, 76
Pimichin, 234
PLASSARD, on Warraus, 129, 130
PONCE DE LEON, DON DIEGO, 76
Population, 26;
density of, 109
Porlamar, 182, 183
Portuguesa chain, 31
Portuguesa, State of, 199, 210;
population, &c., 272
Post Office, 252-254
Pregonero, 162
Press, 118
PRESTON, SIR AMYAS; takes Carácas, 77, 78
Protective duties, 144, 146, 250, 251
Puerto Cabello, 147, 148;
and Valencia Railway, 147, 256;
Meat Syndicate and, 247;
population and climate, 281
Puerto San Juan, 188
Puerto Sucre, 185
Puerto Tablas, 213, 214
Puerto Villamizar, 154
Puinabi Indians, 125
Punceres, 188
Putucual; Lake of, 30
Q
Quíbor, 176
Quichua Indians, 125
Quinine. _See_ Cinchona
R
Railways, 154, 158, 159, 255, 256, 266;
Bibliography, 312-313
RALEIGH, SIR WALTER, 78, 79, 192
Raudales. _See_ Rapids
Religions, 121, 129, 130, 131, 133, 208
Revolutions; of Gual and España, 80, 81;
Wars of Independence, 82-94;
internal, 95, 98-105
Rice, 220, 221
Rio Caribe, 189
Rio Chico, 143
Rio Negro, 233, 234
RIVAS, FRANCISCO ESTEBAN, 201
Roads, 137, 158, 159, 170, 172, 214, 246, 256-258, 266
“_Rocas pintadas_,” 63
RODRIGUEZ, CRISTOBAL, 197
RODRIGUEZ, SEÑORITA DOLORES, 291
ROJAS, DOÑA JUANA DE JESUS, 201
ROLANDO, GEN. A., 201
Rubber, 49, 50, 147, 220, 227, 229, 230, 249, 250
Rubio, 160, 161
S
Saliba Indians, 125
Salón Elíptico, 139
Salt, 46, 150, 155, 185, 186, 244
San Antonio (Monágas), 187
San Antonio (Táchira), 161
San Carlos (Cojedes), 210;
population and climate, 282
San Carlos (Rio Negro), 233
San Carlos (Zulia), 155
San Cristobal, 159, 160;
population and climate, 281
San Felipe, 174;
population and climate, 281
San Felix, 213, 214;
massacre of, 90
San Fernando (de Apure), 199;
population and climate, 282
San Fernando de Atabapo, 224;
Population, 282
San Luis, 177
San Pedro (de Coche), 185
Santa Ana, 93, 169
Santa Barbara Railway, 154, 158, 256
“Santa Barbara,” Savannah, 234
Santa Rita, 154
Santa Teresa, 142
Sarrapia. _See_ Tonka-bean
Sarsaparilla, 222
SCHRÖDER, MR. VICE-CONSUL (Maracaibo), 152
Seasons, 34-36
Seboruco, 163;
copper of, 245
Segovia Highlands, 30, 31;
rocks of (Segovia Group), 41.
_See_ Falcón, Lara, &c.
Sernambi, 250
Serrania Costanera, 29;
Heights of, 282
Serrania Interior, 29;
Heights of, 282
Shipping, 258-260
Sicapra, 218
Sierra Nevada of Mérida, 32;
Heights of, 282.
_See_ Mérida
SIEVERS, DR. W., 41, 153
Silla Peak, La, 29;
Height of, 282
Silver, 159
Sinamaica, 155
Sipapo River, 227, 228
Siquisique, 177
Slavery, abolition of, 99
SOTO, FRANCISCO DE, 70
SOUBLETTE, President, 98
SPEYER, GEORGE VON, 73
SPIRA, JORGE DE. _See_ SPEYER, GEORGE VON
Starch. _See_ Manioc
Stock-farming, 143, 150, 197, 198, 227, 232, 246, 247, 262
SUCRE, JOSÉ DE, 87, 185
Sucre, State of, 185-190;
Population, &c., 272;
Bibliography, 307, 308
Sugar, 137, 144, 161, 249
Sulphur, 46, 189, 245
Surveys, 251
T
Táchira, State of, 159-163;
Population, &c., 272;
Táchira Railway, 154, 256
Tamanaco tribe, 122
Tanneries, 250
Tanning barks, 51
Taparita Indians, 122
Táriba, 162
TAVERA-ACOSTA, quoted, 122, 125, 126, 130, 227
Telegraphs and telephones, 254
_Tierra caliente_, _templada_ and _fria_, 34-36;
vegetation of, 50-52
Timber, 150, 155, 159, 219, 228
Timotes, 168
Tobacco, 155, 159, 187, 249
Tocuyo, 175, 176;
foundation of, 73
Tonka-beans, 49, 219, 220, 250
Torbes, River, 159, 160, 162
Tovar, 167
Trade, 235-251;
British trade with Venezuela, 266, 267;
statistics, 274-280;
Bibliography, 312-314
Transport. _See_ Shipping, Roads, &c.
Travelling; difficulties of, 257
Trona. _See_ Urao
Trujillo (city), 168;
armistice of, 92;
population and climate, 281
Trujillo, State, 168-170;
population, &c., 272
Tucacas, 172, 173, 246
Tucupita, 191;
population and climate, 282
Tumeremo, 218
Tupuquen, 216
Turimquiri (peak), 29;
height of, 282
U
Uaica Indians, 122
Uajiba. _See_ Guahibo
Uayamara Indians, 122
Uayungomo. _See_ Maquiritare
Uiquire Indians, 122
Universities, 80, 251
Upata, 214
Uracá, 161, 162
Uracoa; reported gold near, 45
_Urao_, 46, 165
URDANETA, GENERAL, 98
Urica, 208
URPIN, JUAN, 199
URRE, FELIPE DE. _See_ HUTEN, PHILIP VON
V
Valencia, 145, 146;
Lake of, 30, 145;
population and climate, 281
Valera, 168, 169
Vargas (town). _See_ El Cobre
VARGAS, President, 96, 97, 265
Venamo valley, 217
_Venezuela_; origin of name, 65
Venezuelan Railway. _See_ Great Venezuelan Railway
Ventuari, River, 230-232
VESPUCCI, AMERIGO, fraudulent claims of, 65, 66
Vichada River, 229
Villa de Cura, 145;
population and climate, 281
Vineyards, 146
W
Waiomgomo. _See_ Maquiritare
WALDSEEMUELLER, M. _See_ HYLACOMYLUS, M.
WALL, G. P., 40, 42, 44
Wareca Indians, 125
Warrau Indians, 125-130, 191
Water power, 226, 227, 256
Waterways, 210, 258
Welser, rule of the, 71-73
Wheat, 141, 144, 159
Women; education of, 112
Y
Yabarana Indians, 122
Yaracuy; State of, 173-175;
population, &c., 272
Yaritagua, 175
Yaruro Indians, 126
Yavita, 234
Yavitera Indians, 125
Z
Zamora; State of, 199, 210;
population, &c., 273
ZARAZA, General, 89
Zaraza (town), 209
Zoology, 52-60;
Bibliography, 294-297
Zulia, State of, 149-156;
population, &c., 273;
Bibliography, 306
UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND LONDON.
INCLUDING THE RESULTS OF THE LATEST SURVEYS
BY LEONARD V. DALTON, B. SC., F. R. G. S.]
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VenezuelaChapter XXIX: Appendix: E
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