Chapter XLIII: Appendix (2)

Alexander Robinson was a Pottawattomie chief, much respected by the whites. He long lived at Casenovia, on the Desplaines River, about twelve miles north-west of Chicago.

Shaubena (Shabonee, Shaubeenay, etc.), was an Ottawa by parentage, being born on the Kankakee River in what is now Will County, Ill. He married into the Pottawattomie tribe, and became its principal chief. He aided Tecumseh, and was in the Thames battle; but thereafter devoted his energies to preserving peace between the races. As a consequence, he greatly angered hostile chiefs, and in 1827 was for a time a prisoner in the camp of Big Foot, the Pottawattomie chief at Big Foot Lake (now Lake Geneva). During the Black Hawk War, Shaubena was successful in keeping the majority of the Pottawattomies and Winnebagoes from active participation, thereby rendering very valuable service to the white settlers. He frequently visited Washington on business for his tribe, and always received marked attention both there and in the West. Shaubena died at his home on the Illinois River, two miles above Seneca, July 17, 1859, aged eighty-four years.

70 (page 200).--Reference is here made to the treaty concluded at St. Louis, August 24, 1816, with "the united tribes of the Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pottawattomies, residing on the Illinois and Melwakee rivers and their waters, and on the southwestern parts of Lake Michigan."

71 (page 200).--Treaties were held with the Pottawattomies in 1836, at Turkey Creek (March 26), Tippecanoe River (March 29 and April 11), Indian Agency (April 22), Yellow River (August 5), and Chippewanaung (September 20-23). The principal object of all was to secure the emigration of the tribe to the west of the Mississippi within two years.

72 (page 200).--In 1827, Congress granted alternate sections of land for six miles on each side of the line to aid in building the canal between Lake Michigan and the Illinois River. One of these alternates was section 9, town 39 north, range 13 east, embracing what is now the Chicago business center. In 1830, the canal commissioners--Doctor Jayne, Edmund Roberts, and Charles Dunn--proceeded to lay out a town site upon this section; they employed for this purpose James Thompson, a St. Louis surveyor; his plat covered about three-eighths of the square mile. These commissioners named the original streets. The north and south streets they called State, Dearborn, Clark, La Salle, Wells, Franklin, Market, Canal, Clinton, Jefferson, and Desplaines; the east and west streets named by them were Kinzie, Carroll, Water, Lake, Randolph, Washington, and Madison. Many lots were sold at auction in the first year, prices running from sixty to two hundred dollars. The section immediately south was No. 16---the section granted by the general government in every township as an endowment for public education. Many wise citizens desired this school section reserved from sale until neighboring settlement had brought up the price; but land speculators secured the early sale of the lots, and the resulting educational endowment was meager.

73 (page 202).--Martin Scott was born in Vermont, and entered the army as a second lieutenant in 1814. In 1828 he was commissioned captain of the Fifth Infantry, the post he was filling at the time of which our author speaks. He was made major of his regiment in June, 1846, in recognition of gallant conduct at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma; in September following he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for notable services in the several conflicts at Monterey, and was killed September 8, 1847, in the battle of Molino del Rey. Captain Scott was an eccentric character, of the misanthropic type, well known throughout the country as an expert marksman; he had obtained his training among the sharpshooters of the Green Mountains. His devotion to the chase partook of the nature of a craze. At the various posts where he was stationed, he maintained numerous kennels for his blooded dogs; those at Fort Howard were pagoda-shaped, and presented so striking an appearance that the little village of dog-houses was popularly styled "Scott's four-legged brigade quarters."

74 (page 211).--Sir John Johnson, son and heir of the celebrated Sir William. When a mere boy, during the Revolutionary War, he led the Mohawks in forays against the New York settlers. After the war he was made superintendent-general of Indian affairs in British North America, and a colonel in the militia of Lower Canada. He died at Montreal, January 4, 1830, with the rank of major-general.

75 (page 227) The troops were withdrawn from Fort Dearborn May 20, 1831; the post was re-occupied June 17, 1832, on account of the Black Hawk uprising.

76 (page 238).--This is the Fox River of the Illinois; not to be confounded with the Fox River of Green Bay.

77 (page 246).--Amos Foster was born in New Hampshire, and was appointed second lieutenant in the Second Infantry, July 1, 1828. While stationed at Fort Howard he was killed by a private soldier named Doyle, February 7, 1832. The details of the tragedy are given by our author upon pp. 341-343, _post_.

78 (page 249). [TN: Note 78 missing from this edition.]

79 (page 251).--The site of Beloit, Wis. This was a favorite camp of the Turtle band of Winnebagoes.

80 (page 252).--Reference is here made to the fact that for several weeks, in 1832, Black Hawk's party of Sac refugees dwelt upon the shores of Lake Koshkonong. Some interesting prehistoric earthworks surround the lake, showing that its banks were populated with aborigines from the earliest times.

81 (page 256).--See Note 53.

82 (page 259).--See Note 24.

83 (page 260).--See Andrew J. Turner's "History of Fort Winnebago," in _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, Vol. xiv; it contains illustrations of the fort, the Indian Agency, etc., and portraits of several of the principal military officers.

84 (page 266).--Reverend Samuel Carlo Mazzuchelli was born in Milan, Italy, November 4, 1807, of an old and wealthy family. Becoming a Dominican friar, he emigrated to Cincinnati in 1828, and two years later was stationed at Mackinac. Being appointed commissary-general of his order in the country west of Lake Michigan, he devoted ten years to constant travel through what are now Wisconsin and Iowa, establishing churches and schools. In 1843 he revisited Italy to raise funds for an academy at Sinsinawa Mound, Wis.; seven years later this developed into the provincial house of the Sisters of St. Dominic. The rest of his life was spent as teacher here, and as parish priest for the large neighborhood. He died in 1864, as the result of responding to distant sick-calls. Mazzuchelli was a man of broad, generous temperament, and in every way a worthy pioneer of the cross. In 1844 he published at Milan, a now rare volume devoted to his experiences in the American wilderness.

85 (page 269).--See Note 44.

86 (page 272).--See Note 41.

87 (page 273).--By the treaty of November 3, 1804, the Sacs and Foxes, for the paltry sum of $1,000, ceded to the United States Government 50,000,000 acres of land in what are now Missouri, Illinois, and Wisconsin; this tract included the lead region. Unfortunately, the Indians were given permission to remain in the ceded territory until the lands were sold to settlers. This privilege was the seed of the Black Hawk War. Most of the Sac and Fox villages moved to the west of the Mississippi River during the first quarter of the century. Black Hawk's band, living at the mouth of Rock River, alone remained. Settlement gradually encroached on them, and squatters sought to oust the Indians from the alluvial river-bottom. Black Hawk did not consider the squatters as legitimate settlers, and when they persisted for several seasons in destroying his cornfields, stealing his crops, and physically maltreating his people, he threatened vengeance. This led, in 1831, to Governor John Reynolds, of Illinois, calling out the militia, and in June making a demonstration before Black Hawk's village. The Sacs thereupon withdrew to the west of the Mississippi, and promised to remain there. But discouraged by lack of food, and encouraged by promise of help from the Winnebagoes and Pottawattomies of Illinois, Black Hawk recrossed the river at Yellow Banks, below Rock Island, on April 6, 1832. Governor Reynolds again called out the militia, and secured the aid of United States troops from Fort Armstrong. The Black Hawk War ensued, ending disastrously for the Sac leader and his people.

88 (page 274).--French-Canadian _patois_, so called, is but the seventeenth-century speech of Normandy and Brittany, with some local color derived from the Indians and the new conditions of the frontier. It is a mistake to term this survival a rude dialect, as is so often done by those English-speaking people who have learned only the modern and somewhat artificial French of Paris and the Academy.

89 (page 275).--See Note 20.

90 (page 281).--Mrs. Kinzie here corrects a popular misconception regarding the division of labor in an aboriginal household. In a primitive stage, the Indian male of proper age and normal strength devoted himself to the chase, to war, and the council, leaving to the females the care of the household, which included the cultivation of crops and the carrying of burdens. Aiding the females were those males who were too young, or otherwise incapacitated for the arduous duties of the warrior; also, slaves taken or bought from other tribes. Before whites or strangers of their own race, the Indian warrior disdained to be seen at menial occupations; but in the privacy of his own people he not infrequently assisted his women.

91 (page 285).--See Note 27.

92 (page 303).--Daniel Whitney arrived at Green Bay in 1816, and was the founder of Navarino (1830), on the site of the modern city of Green Bay. He conducted an extensive fur trade in Wisconsin and Minnesota, built numerous sawmills on Wisconsin waters, developed the shot-making industry at Helena, Wis., and in many fields was one of the most enterprising pioneers of Wisconsin.

Miss Henshaw was a sister of Mrs. Whitney.

Miss Brush was visiting her relative, Charles Brush, a resident of Green Bay.

93 (page 305).--Colonel Samuel C. Stambaugh was Indian agent at Green Bay in 1831-32. He had been a country newspaper publisher in Pennsylvania, and received the office as a reward for political services. The Senate refused confirmation of his appointment, and he was withdrawn from the agency. He however served the department for four or five years more as a special agent, when he retired from public employment.

94 (page 306).--The name De Pere comes from _rapides des pères_, referring to the early Jesuit mission (1671-87), at this the first obstruction in ascending the Fox River. The modern manufacturing city of De Pere lies on both sides of the rapids, about four miles above the city of Green Bay. A memorial tablet of bronze was dedicated by the Wisconsin Historical Society on the site of Father Allouez's mission at De Pere, in September, 1899.

95 (page 307).--See Note 30.

96 (page 307).--Grand Butte des Morts, above Lake Winnebago, is meant; the party had gone overland from Green Bay, and struck across country to the south-west of Doty's Island.

James Knaggs was a Pottawattomie half-breed, who in 1835 became ferryman, tavern-keeper, and fur-trader in a small way at Coon's Point, Algoma, now in the city limits of Oshkosh. This was the year before the arrival of Webster Stanley, the first white settler of Oshkosh.

97 (page 312).--Bellefontaine was the name of a farm and wayside tavern owned by Pierre Paquette, the Portage half-breed fur-trader. At this farm the specialty was live-stock, as Paquette had the government contract for supplying most of the beef and horses to the Winnebago tribe.

98 (page 314).--Doctor William Beaumont was an army surgeon. While stationed at Mackinac, in 1822, he was called to treat a young man named Alexis St. Martin, who had received a gunshot wound in his left side. The wound healed, but there remained a fistulous opening into the stomach, two and a half inches in diameter, through which Beaumont could watch the process of digestion. His experiments regarding the digestibility of different kinds of food, and the properties of the gastric juice, were continued through several years--indeed, until Beaumont's death (1853); but the first publication of results was made in 1833, and at once gave Beaumont an international reputation among scientists. Through several years, Beaumont (who resigned from the army in 1839) was stationed at Fort Crawford, where many of his experiments were conducted.

99 (page 318).--Joseph Crélie was the father-in-law of Pierre Paquette. He had been a _voyageur_ and small fur-trader at Prairie du Chien as early as 1791, and in the early coming of the whites (about 1836) obtained much notoriety from claiming to be of phenomenal age. He died at Caledonia, Wis., in 1865, at a time when he asserted himself to be one hundred and thirty years old; but a careful inquiry has resulted in establishing his years at one hundred.

100 (page 318).--General Henry Atkinson, in charge of the regular troops in the pursuit of Black Hawk (1832), had followed the Sac leader to Lake Koshkonong. On the night of July 1 he commenced throwing up breastworks at the junction of the Bark with the Rock River. These were surmounted by a stockade. The rude fort was soon abandoned in the chase of Black Hawk to the west; but the site was chosen in 1836 for the home of the first settler of the modern city of Fort Atkinson, Wis.

101 (page 321).--Now called Baraboo River.

102 (page 322).--David Hunter, a native of the District of Columbia, was then first lieutenant in the Fifth Infantry. He became captain of the First Dragoons in 1833, and was made major and paymaster in 1842. On the outbreak of the War of Secession he was at first appointed colonel of the Sixth Cavalry; but later, in 1861, was commissioned as major-general of volunteers. Because of gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Piedmont, and during the campaign in the Valley of Virginia, he was brevetted major-general. He retired from the service in July, 1866.

103 (page 323).--Charles Gratiot, the father of Henry, was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1753, the child of refugee Huguenots from La Rochelle, France. Trained to mercantile life in London, he came to America when not yet of age, and opened a trading-post at Mackinac, visiting Green Bay and Prairie du Chien as early as 1770. He was a wide traveler by canoe through the heart of the continent. In 1774 he opened establishments at Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and very materially aided General George Rogers Clark with influence and fortune, in the latter's celebrated expeditions for the capture of the Northwest. One of his four sons was Henry, to whom our author refers. Henry became a leader in the development of the Wisconsin-Illinois lead mines, and was for many years Indian agent in that district, doing good service as such in the Red Bird (1827) and Black Hawk (1832) uprisings. He died in Baltimore, Md., April 27, 1836.

104 (page 328).--The term "pipe" was of more general application than this, among _voyageurs_. It referred to the occasional stoppage of work, in rowing, when pipes would be refilled, and perhaps other refreshment taken. A canoe voyage along the lakes and rivers of the West was measured by "pipes," which of course were more numerous going against the current than with it. In the same manner a portage trail was measured by the number of "pauses" necessary for resting; a rough path having more such than a smooth, level trail.

105 (page 330).--Such huge flights of wild doves were still occasionally to be seen in Wisconsin until about 1878. The present writer has seen them, especially about 1868, in flocks of such size as to darken the sun, as at a total eclipse; large fields in which they would settle would seem to be solid masses of birds; and at night they would roost upon trees in such numbers as to break the branches. Farmers and pot-hunters easily killed great numbers with long sticks, either as they rested upon the trees, or rose from the ground in clouds, when disturbed.

106 (page 333).--See Note 31.

107 (page 337).--See Note 15.

108 (page 339).--This was during the Black Hawk War (1832). The fleeing Sacs were retreating up Rock River, to the north-east, and made a stand on Lake Koshkonong. The people at Green Bay were without definite information regarding the fugitives, and their number and capacity to do harm were greatly exaggerated. It was supposed that they would continue going to the north-east, and seek an outlet to Lake Michigan at Green Bay. This threw the people of the lower valley of the Fox River into a panic, which was no less real because ludicrous in character. See the diary during this flurry, of Cutting Marsh, missionary to the Stockbridge Indians, in _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, vol. xv.

109 (page 340).--General Winfield Scott had been ordered to the seat of the Black Hawk War by way of the Great Lakes, with reinforcements for Atkinson. Cholera among his troops had detained him first at Detroit, then at Chicago, and lastly at Rock Island. Nearly one-fourth of his force of a thousand regulars died with the pestilence.

110 (page 342).--Nathan Clark entered the army in 1813, as a second lieutenant, and became a captain in the Fifth Infantry in 1824--the rank he held at the time alluded to by Mrs. Kinzie. He was brevetted major in 1834, for ten years' faithful service in one grade, and died February 18, 1836. His daughter, now Mrs. Charlotte Ouisconsin Van Cleve, is the author of a book of reminiscences, which covers much of the ground traversed by Mrs. Kinzie, _Three Score Years and Ten_ (Minneapolis, 1888).

111 (page 343).--See Note 73.

112 (page 343).--Major Henry Dodge, afterward first territorial governor of Wisconsin, was, during the Black Hawk War, in charge of the Michigan militia west of Lake Michigan. Generals James D. Henry and M. K. Alexander were in charge of brigades of Illinois volunteers. The combined army of regulars and volunteers had followed Black Hawk to Lake Koshkonong. While encamped there, Henry, Alexander, and Dodge had been despatched (July 10) to Fort Winnebago for much needed provisions, it being the nearest supply point. While they were absent, the fugitive Sacs fled westward to the Wisconsin River. The troops followed on a hot trail, and July 21 there ensued the battle of Wisconsin Heights, near Prairie du Sac. Black Hawk, with sadly diminished forces, continued his flight to the Mississippi; where, near the mouth of the Bad Ax, occurred (August 1 and 2) the final battle of the war.

113 (page 345).--Site of the modern city of Appleton, Wis.

114 (page 349).--During the battle of Wisconsin Heights, a large party of non-combatants in Black Hawk's party, composed mainly of women, children, and old men, were sent down the Wisconsin River on a large raft and in canoes borrowed from the Winnebagoes. A detachment of regulars, sent out from Fort Crawford, fired into this party and killed and captured many. The few who could escape to the woods were afterward massacred by the band of Menomonee Indians of whom Mrs. Kinzie speaks; the contingent had been organized in the neighborhood of Green Bay, by Colonel Samuel C. Stambaugh, former Indian agent. This was the only exploit in which Stambaugh's expedition participated, for the war was practically ended before it arrived on the scene of action.

115 (page 353).--This refers to the so-called "battle of the Bad Ax" (see last clause of Note 112). Black Hawk endeavored to surrender, but the party of regulars on the steamer "Warrior" disregarded his white flag, and he was caught between the land forces under Atkinson and the fire of the steamer. The Indians were shot down like rats in a trap; and those who finally managed to swim across the Mississippi, under cover of the islands, were set upon by the Sioux, who had been inspired to this slaughter by the authorities at Fort Crawford. The Black Hawk War, from beginning to end, is a serious blot on the history of our Indian relations.

116 (page 353).--General Hugh Brady, then colonel of the Second Infantry. He had been brevetted brigadier-general in 1822, for ten years' faithful service in one grade; and was brevetted major-general in 1848 for meritorious conduct. Brady led the 450 regulars, upon the trail of Black Hawk, from Wisconsin Heights to the Bad Ax.

117 (page 354).--May 14, 1832, Black Hawk and fifty or sixty of his head men were encamped near the mouth of Sycamore Creek, a tributary of the Rock River. Toward sunset of that day, there appeared, three miles down the Rock, two battalions of Illinois volunteer troops, a total of 341 men, under Majors Isaiah Stillman and David Bailey. The whites had unlimbered for a night in camp, when three Indians appeared with a white flag, messengers from Black Hawk, who tells us in his autobiography that he wished at the time to offer to meet General Atkinson in council, with a view to peaceful withdrawal to the west of the Mississippi. The troopers, many of whom were in liquor, slew two of the messengers, the third running back to warn Black Hawk. That astute warrior drew up twenty-five securely mounted braves behind a fringe of bushes, and when the whites appeared in disorderly array fired one volley at them, and rushed forward with the war-whoop. The troopers turned and fled in consternation, galloping madly toward their homes, carrying the news that Black Hawk and two thousand blood-thirsty warriors were raiding northern Illinois. Sycamore Creek was thereafter known as Stillman's Run.

118 (page 354).--August 27, 1832, two Winnebago braves, Chætar and One-Eyed Decorah, delivered up Black Hawk and his Prophet to the Indian agent at Prairie du Chien, Joseph M. Street (see Note 49). The fugitives had been found at the dalles of the Wisconsin River, above Kilbourn City.

119 (page 355).--Edgar M. Lacey, a native of New York, was at this time second lieutenant in the Second Infantry; he was commissioned first lieutenant in 1835, and captain in 1838. From 1831-38 he served at Forts Winnebago (Portage) and Crawford (Prairie du Chien). He died at the latter post, April 2, 1839, aged thirty-two years.

120 (page 357).--Red Bird, a Winnebago village chief, was the leader of what in Wisconsin history is indifferently called "The Winnebago War," or "Red Bird's uprising," in 1827. The United States troops, having quelled the disturbance, proposed to wreak summary vengeance on the entire tribe unless it gave up the two principal offenders. Red Bird and a brave named Wekau, who had escaped to the wilderness. The two men voluntarily surrendered themselves to Major William Whistler, at the Fox-Wisconsin portage, in July of that year. Red Bird's conduct on this occasion was particularly brave and picturesque, and he won the admiration of the troops. He was confined at Prairie du Chien, and given ample opportunity to escape, for the military authorities did not know what to do with him; but he proudly refused to break his parole. After a few months he died from an epidemic then prevalent in the village, and thus greatly relieved his unwilling jailers.

121 (page 358).--General George B. Porter, of Pennsylvania, was appointed governor of Michigan Territory in 1831, to succeed Lewis Cass. He died in office, in July, 1834.

122 (page 359).--See Note 17.

123 (page 360).--Joseph C. Plymton was a native of Massachusetts, and at this time a captain in the Second Infantry, but held the brevet of major for ten years' faithful service in one grade. His commission as major came in 1840; he was made lieutenant-colonel in 1846, and colonel in 1853; he died on Staten Island, June 5, 1860. Plymton won notice for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Contreras.

124 (page 366).--Apparently Camillus C. Daviess, of Kentucky, a second lieutenant of the Fifth Infantry. He became a first lieutenant in 1836, and resigned in 1838.

125 (page 366).--Enos Cutler, born at Brookfield, Mass., November 1, 1781, graduated at Brown University at the age of nineteen, was tutor there a year, and then studied law in Cincinnati. He entered the army in 1808 as lieutenant, was promoted to a captaincy in 1810, serving through the War of 1812 as assistant adjutant-general and assistant inspector-general; major in 1814; served under General Jackson in the Creek War and on the Seminole campaign; made lieutenant-colonel in 1826; colonel in 1836; resigning in 1839, and dying at Salem, Mass., July 14, 1860.

126 (page 379).--Horatio Phillips Van Cleve, of New Jersey, was at this time a brevet second lieutenant of the Second Infantry; he was regularly commissioned as such in 1834. In 1836 he resigned from the army to become a civil engineer in Michigan. During the War of Secession he went out as colonel of the Second Minnesota, was severely wounded at Stone River, but recovered and served with distinction until the close of the war, retiring with the rank of major-general. In 1836 he married Charlotte Ouisconsin Clark, daughter of Major Nathan Clark (see Note 110). Mrs. Van Cleve, who is still living (1901), was born at Fort Crawford in 1819, and is said to have been the first woman of pure white blood born within the present limits of Wisconsin.

127 (page 384).--See Note 55.

128 (page 387).--Major Thomas Forsyth, who had been a fur-trader on Saginaw Bay, at Chicago, on an island in the Mississippi near Quincy, and at Peoria, was appointed government Indian agent for the Illinois district at the outbreak of the War of 1812-15. His headquarters were at Peoria. At the close of the war he was appointed agent for the Sacs and Foxes, resigning just previous to the Black Hawk War (1832). Forsyth rendered valuable service to the government while Indian agent, and has left behind many valuable MS. reports, of great interest to historical students; a large share of these are in the archives of the Wisconsin Historical Society.

INDEX

Abbott, Samuel, of American Fur Company, 10, 395.
Agatha, daughter of Decorah, 369-371;
her sad story, 372-375.
Agency City, Iowa, Street at, 404;
treaty of 1836, 409.
Albach, James R., _Annals of the West_, 155.
Alexander, Gen. Milton K., in Black Hawk War, 343, 416.
Algoma, Wis., Knaggs at, 413.
Alleghany Mountains, discovery of passes, 405, 406.
Allen, Col. George W., has negro servant, 193.
Allouez, Father Claude, Jesuit missionary, at De Pere, 413.
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, operations in
Wisconsin, 401.
American Bureau of Ethnology, publications of, 402.
American Fur Company, at Mackinac, 6-10, 150, 393-395;
at Fort Winnebago, 66, 326, 327, 336, 337, 403;
Fisher's agency, 398;
John Kinzie's agency, xvi;
John H. Kinzie's agency, xvi, xvii, 42-45;
Rolette's agency, 17-19;
absorbs Conant & Mack, 407.
American Home Missionary Society, sends out Kent, 405.
Appleton, Wis., Mrs. Kinzie at site of, 35, 416.
Atkinson, Gen. Henry, in Black Hawk War, 315, 318, 344, 414-417.
Arkansas, early land surveys, 406.
Armstrong, Mrs. ----, tavern keeper, 351.
Arndt, Hamilton, freighter, 58, 69, 70, 305, 306.
Arndt, John P., Green Bay tavern keeper, 14, 396;
at a hop, 23, 24.
Arndt, Mrs. John P., tavern keeper, 14, 15, 48.
Astor, John Jacob, establishes American Fur Company, 393, 394.
Astoria, founded, 393;
fall of, 394.
Auberry (Aubrey), William, killed in Black Hawk War, 317, 318.
Aux Plaines. See River Desplaines.

Bailey, Maj. David, raided by Black Hawk, 417.
Bailey, Jonathan N., Chicago postmaster, 145, 408.
Bailly, Joseph, fur-trade clerk, 395.
Baird, Elizabeth Thérèse, entertains Mrs. Kinzie, 22;
sketch, 398, 399;
"Reminiscences," xix, 395.
Baird, Henry S., Green Bay lawyer, 22, 398.
Baptists, family servant, 376.
Barclay, Commodore Robert H., British naval officer, 194.
Baye des Puans (Puants). See Green Bay.
Beall, Lieut. ----, in Black Hawk War, 316.
Beall, Samuel W., Green Bay resident, 399.
Beall, Mrs. Samuel W., at Green Bay hop, 23, 24;
sketch, 399.
Bear, in Northwest fur trade, 7.
Beaubien, ----, death of, 201.
Beaubien, Jean Baptiste, Chicago resident, 141;
sketch, 407.
Beaubien, Mrs. Jean Baptiste, in Chicago massacre, 171.
Beaubien, Mark, residence of, 143; sketch, 407;
portrait, 144.
Beaubien, Medard, hunting, 201;
at a ball, 228-230.
Beaumont, Dr. William, at Fort Crawford, 314;
sketch, 413.
Beaver, in Northwest fur trade, 7.
Bee trees, at Piché's, 134.
Beloit, Wis., Mrs. Kinzie at, 411.
Bell, ----, early constable, 28.
Bellaire, ----, engagé, 371.
Bellaire, Madame ----, wife of foregoing, 369-371.
Bellefontaine, wayside tavern, 60, 351, 413;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 308, 309, 312.
Berthelet, ----, fur trader, 151, 152.
Bertrand (Parc aux Vaches), in Chicago massacre, 171.
Biddle, Edward, marries Indian girl, 10, 395.
Biddle, Nicholas, educates Sophia Biddle, 395.
Big Foot, Pottawattomie chief, 247-250;
imprisons Shaubena, 409;
view of village, 250.
Bisson, Mrs. ----, befriends Mrs. Helm, 182-185.
Blackbird, A. J., _History of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians_, 393.
Black Hawk, Sac headman, opposes land cession, 389, 391, 392;
uprising of, 272, 273, 407, 411, 414, 416, 417;
capture of, 404, 417;
portrait, 354.
See also, Black Hawk War.
Black Hawk War, causes of, 411, 412;
murder of St. Vrain, 116;
Stillman's Run, 354;
at Lake Koshkonong, 411, 414, 415;
battle of Wisconsin Heights, 344, 354, 416;
battle of Bad Ax, 353, 354, 416;
effect at Fort Winnebago, 363, 364;
scare at Green Bay, 375;
Stambaugh's expedition, 349;
Winnebagoes in, 65, 404;
Gratiot's services, 414;
Hamilton's operations, 406;
Scott's movements, 415;
Pottawattomies in, 409;
Hogan in, 408;
Street's services, 404;
comments on, 416;
Mrs. Kinzie's account, 314-371;
Thomas Forsyth's account, 387-392.
Black Jim, a negro servant, 180, 193.
Black Partridge, Pottawattomie chief, in Chicago massacre, 169, 174, 175,
182-184, 189, 190;
illustration of return of medal, 168.
Black Wolf, Winnebago chief, 80, 321, 404.
Blanchard, Rufus, _The Northwest and Chicago_, 407.
Blue Mounds, near Morrison's, 405;
Kinzies at, 103, 104;
in Black Hawk War, 318.
Boilvin, Nicholas, Indian agent and justice, 28, 285;
removed, 404;
sketch, 400.
Boisvert, ----, Green Bay habitan, 27, 28.
Bourgeois, meaning of term, 28, 394.
Brush, Miss ----, sister of Charles, 412;
accompanies Kinzies, 303, 304.
Brush, Charles, Green Bay resident, 386, 412.
Bradley, Capt. Hezekiah, erects Fort Dearborn II, 140.
Brady, Gen. Hugh, in Black Hawk War, 353;
sketch, 416, 417.
Brewster, Messrs., fur traders, 408.
Brothertown Indians, move to Wisconsin, 401;
visited by Mrs. Kinzie, 333-336.

Brown, Henry, _History of Illinois_, 155.

Brown County, Wis., early court of, 402.

Buffalo, hunted by Indians, 405, 406.

Buffalo Grove, Ill., settled, 406;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 118.

Burnett, ----, fur trader, 180.

Burns, ----, in Chicago massacre, 155, 159.

Burns, Mrs. ----, held captive by Indians, 188, 189.

Butte des Morts, Grand, legend of, 52;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 48-53, 307-309, 328-330, 413;
Doty at, 25.

Butte des Morts, Petit, description and tradition, 401, 402;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 40, 349.

Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, founds Detroit, 396.

Cadle, Richard Fish, mission school, 275;
greets Mrs. Kinzie, 20;
sketch, 398.

Cadle, Sarah, at Green Bay mission school, 398;
greets Mrs. Kinzie, 20.

Cahokia, Ill., Charles Gratiot at, 414.

Caldwell, Billy (the Sauganash), Pottawattomie chief, 144;
befriends whites, 184, 197, 249;
hunting, 201;
accompanies Kinzies, 234-238;
sketch, 408, 409.

Caledonia, Wis., Crélie at, 414.

Calumet County, Wis., Stockbridges in, 401.

Camp Smith, established, 396, 397;
site of Cadle mission, 398.

Canada, Sac trail to, from Mississippi River, 121.

Canadian boat songs, 23-30, 56, 327, 400.

Canadian voyageurs, 150-154.

Carlisle, Pa., settlement of, 207.

Casenovia, Ill., Alexander Robinson at, 409.

Cass, Lewis, tour to sources of Mississippi, 2, 27, 397;
superintendent of Indians, xvii, 44, 146;
governor of Michigan Territory, 399, 418;
in Winnebago War, 319.

Cass, Mrs. Lewis, advises Mrs. Kinzie, 27, 399.

Catherine, a servant, 356.

Catholics, at Mackinac, 9, 395.
See also, Jesuits and Mazzuchelli.

Caxton Club, republishes _Wau-Bun_, xx.

Chætar, a Winnebago, 417.

Chambers, Col. Talbot, completes Fort Howard, 397.

Champlain, Samuel de, sends Nicolet to Wisconsin, 403.

Chandonnai, John B., fur trade clerk, 179, 186, 188.

Charlotte, a Winnebago woman, 267, 268.

Chekakou. See Chicago.

Chequamegon Bay, Marquette driven from, 396.

Chicago, origin of name, 145, 146;
on early maps, 408;
map of portage, 146;
early voyages to, 1;
early French at, 146;
arrival of Kinzie family, xvi, 138, 139;
John Kinzie's career, 146-150;
the massacre (1812), 155-191;
return of John Kinzie (1816), 197;
burial of massacre victims, 197;
bas-reliefs from massacre monument, 168, 172, 174, 176;
Indian agency, 197, 227;
trail from Dixon's, 117, 121;
from Piché's, 132;
from Portage, 108;
John H. Kinzie at, xvii, xviii, 92-139, 150, 385, 386;
historical relation to Kinzie family, xviii;
town site platted, 200, 409, 410;
Kinzie's Addition platted, 204, 205, 376;
conditions in 1831, 140-145, 197-205;
early postal arrangements, 198, 304, 408;
early sermon, 203, 204;
Methodists at, 408;
early school, 408;
express from Fort Winnebago, 91, 369;
early marketing, 197, 198;
cattle for Fort Howard, 406;
currant bushes from, 277;
ferries, 143, 408;
taverns, 143, 407;
ball at Hickory Creek, 227-230;
fur trade, 408, 419;
early publishing, xviii;
Beaubiens at, 407;
Billy Caldwell at, 409;
Pottawattomie cession, 200;
cholera at, 415;
land grant for canal, 409, 410;
Wright's Woods, 202;
in Peoria County, 407;
site claimed by Wisconsin, 397;
view in 1820, 140;
in 1831, 142;
map of 1830, 142;
Historical Society furnishes illustrations, xvi, 142, 144, 146, 156,
198, 228;
Mrs. Kinzie's _Narrative of Massacre_, xviii, xix.
See also, Fort Dearborn and Fur Trade.

Chillicothe, Ohio, McKenzie girls at, xiv, xv.

Chippewanaung, treaty of 1836, 409.

Chippewa Indians, French appelation of, 52;
language, 32, 68, 264, 355;
relations to English, 7;
treaty of 1816, 388, 409;
Billy Caldwell, 408, 409;
in Black Hawk War, 320, 329, 351;
met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32;
Blackbird's _History_, 393.

Cholera, in Black Hawk War, 340, 355, 356, 415.

Chouteau, Auguste, treats with Sacs, 388.

Chouteau, Pierre, sr., treats with Sacs, 388.

Christman, ----, a soldier, 37, 38, 41, 273, 274.

Clark, ----, marries Elizabeth McKenzie, xv.

Clark, Charlotte Ouisconsin, marries Lieut. Van Cleve, 418.
See also, Mrs. H. P. Van Cleve.

Clark, Gen. George Rogers, captures Vincennes, 399.

Clark, Maj. Nathan, at Fort Howard, 342, 343;
Fort Crawford, 418;
sketch, 415.

Clark, Gov. William, treats with Sacs, 388, 390, 391.

Clay, Henry, visits Winnebagoes, 65.

Clybourn, Archibald, Chicago resident, 144.

Clybourn, Jonas, marries Elizabeth McKenzie, xvi.

Conant & Mack, fur traders, 407.

Cook County, Ill., commissioners' court, 408.

Cooke & Co., D. B., publish _Wau-Bun_, xix.

Cooper, Fenimore, novelist, 399.

Corbin, Mrs. Phelim, heroism of, 178.

Corn (maize), grown by Northwest Indians, 7, 8.

Corn Planter (Big White Man), Seneca chief, 209, 211, 215-223.

Council Bluffs, Iowa, Billy Caldwell at, 409.

Courtes-oreilles. See Ottawa Indians.

Courville, Florence, at Sunday school, 274, 275.

Crélie (Crély), Joseph, Green Bay habitan, 27, 28;
in Black Hawk War, 318;
sketch, 414.

Croghan, Col. George, attacks Mackinac Island, 395.

Crooks, Ramsay, expedition from Astoria, 393.

Cross Village. See L'Arbre Croche.

Cuivre Settlement, Indian murder at, 387.

Currie, ----, hospital steward, 369-371.

Cut Nose (Elizabeth), a Winnebago woman, 269-271, 385.

Cutler, Col. Enos, at Fort Winnebago, 366, 367, 380;
sketch, 418.

Dakotan Indians, Winnebagoes are offshoots from, 403.

Dandy, son of Black Wolf, 404.

Dandy, Winnebago chief, 65, 66.

Davenport, George, purchases Sac Lands, 390, 391.

David, negro servant, 90, 327, 354.

Daviess, Lieut. Camillus C., at Fort Winnebago, 366;
sketch, 418.

Davis, Lieut. Jefferson, at Fort Winnebago, 59, 70, 403.

Dean, John, sutler at Fort Dearborn, 141, 145.

De Charme, ----, Michigan fur trader, 167.

Decorah, Grey-headed (Old), Winnebago chief, 63, 64, 88, 89, 382;
sketch, 403;
his mother, 278-280;
his daughter, 381, 382.

Decorah, One-Eyed, a Winnebago, 417;
captures Black Hawk, 354.

Decorah, Rascal, his daughter Agatha, 369-375.

Decorah (Day-kau-ray) family, Winnebagoes, 269, 270, 372-374.

Deer, in Northwest fur trade, 7.

De Langlade, Charles, first white settler in Wisconsin, 398, 400.

De Langlade, Louise Domitilde, marries Pierre Grignon, 400.

Delaware (Lenapé) Indians, friends of whites, 206, 207, 211.

De Ligney, ----, letter to De Siette, 146.

De Pere, Wis., origin of name, 413;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 306.

Derby & Jackson, publish _Wau-Bun_, xix.

De Siette, ----, letter from De Ligney, 146.

Detroit, founded by Cadillac, 396;
Jesuit mission, 12, 396;
Récollets at, 396;
massacre, 323;
Lytles, 223;
John Kinzie, xiv, xv, 148, 181, 186;
Kinzies, xvi, xvii, 1, 2, 26, 28, 44, 167, 262, 278, 304, 385, 386;
Mackenzies, xiii, xv;
Réaume, 399;
surrendered by Hull, 162, 192;
under English control, 188, 192-196, 224;
lake schooner from, 227;
early wagon from, 231;
cholera at, 340, 345;
Mark Beaubien, 407;
Doty, 397;
Hogan, 408;
Robert Stuart, 393, 394.

Dickenson's, gossip at, 304;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 337.

Dixon, John, founder of Dixon, Ill., 406;
entertains Kinzies, 119-121;
sketch, 407.

Dixon, Mrs. John, entertains Kinzies, 118-121.

Dixon, Ill. (Ogee's Ferry), genesis of, 406, 407;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 94, 116-122.

Dodge, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry, 104, 106.

Dodge, Maj. Henry, in Black Hawk War, 104, 343, 344, 360, 416

Dogherty, ----, a Quaker, 134, 136, 137.

Dole, George W., Chicago settler, 228.

Dominicans, in Wisconsin, 411.

Doty, James Duane, entertains Kinzies, 16-27;
accompanies Kinzies, 27, 35, 37, 38, 48, 50, 51, 53;
defends Winnebago suspects, 359;
sketch, 397.

Doty, Mrs. James Duane, entertains Kinzies, 17, 21.

Doty's Island, Mrs. Kinzie at, 413.

Dousman family, residence at Mackinac, 10.

Doyle, ----, a soldier, hanged for murder, 341-343, 410.

Draper, Lyman Copeland, names Madison lakes, 405.

Drew, ----, residence at Mackinac, 10.

Du Charme, Dominic, settles Kaukauna, 400.

Duck Creek, Kinzies on, 96, 97, 258, 259.

Dunkley's Grove, Ill., Kinzies at, 236-238.

Dunmore's War, McKenzie girls captured in, xiv.

Dunn, Col. Charles, Chicago canal commissioner, 409.

Du Pin, ----, French fur trader, 190, 191.

Durham boats, described, 344.

Eastman, Capt. S., view of Mackinac, 6.

Education, at Chicago, 145, 408;
reservation of school section, 410.
See also, Cadle, Ferry, Mazzuchelli, Marsh, Miner,
Williams, and the several denominations.

Edwards, Gov. Ninian, treats with Sacs, 388.

Ellis & Fergus, early Chicago printers, xviii.

Engle, Lieut. James, at Fort Dearborn, 144.

Engle, Mrs. James, at Fort Dearborn, 232.

English, early maps by, 408;
captivity of John Kinzie, 192-196;
campaign against Sandusky, 403;
in War of 1812-15, 186-188;
Indian department, 399;
relations with Iroquois, 206, 211, 215;
relations with North-western Indians, 7, 121, 157, 176, 339, 407-409;
removal of upper lake posts, xv;
occupy Mackinac, 162, 164, 395, 396;
capture Prairie du Chien, 398, 400;
on Mississippi, 403;
at Detroit, 188, 192-196, 224;
fur trade of, 393, 394;
emigration to Canada, xiii.

Ephraim, Uncle, a negro servant, 84, 85.

Episcopalians. See Cadle and Eleazer Williams.

Fallen Timbers, battle of, xv.

Ferries, at Chicago, 143, 408;
across Desplaines, 137;
at Detroit, 255.
See also, J. P. Arndt, Dixon, Knaggs, and Ogee.

Ferry, Rev. William Montague, Presbyterian missionary, 6, 9;
sketch, 394.

Finley, Dr. Clement A., post surgeon, 305;
at Fort Dearborn, 145;
at Fort Howard, 305;
at Fort Winnebago, 355, 356.

Fisher, Henry Munro, fur trader, 398.

Fleming, Gen. ----, grandson of Haliburton, xiii, 147.

Folles Avoines. See Menomonee Indians.

Follett, Burley, in Black Hawk War, 318.

Forbes, Elvira (Mrs. Stephen), schoolmistress, 145, 408.

Force, George, killed in Black Hawk War, 318.

Forsyth, Miss ----, accompanies Mrs. Kinzie, 344-352.

Forsyth, George, lost in woods, 149, 150.

Forsyth, Maj. Robert A., Indian agent, 64, 366;
sketch, 403.

Forsyth, Thomas, fur trader, 186;
account of Black Hawk War, 387-392;
sketch, 419.

Forsyth, William, marries Mrs. Mackenzie, xiii, 147.

Forsyth, Mrs. William, story of captivity, 205-223.

Fort Apple River, in Black Hawk War, 318.

Fort Armstrong, in Black Hawk War, 412.
See also, Rock Island.

Fort Atkinson, Wis., genesis of, 414.

Fort Crawford, birth of Charlotte O. Clark, 418;
in Black Hawk War, 416;
Dr. Beaumont at, 413;
Lieut. Lacey, 417;
Mrs. Mitchell, 10.

Fort Dearborn I (1803-12), built, 407;
description, 156;
John Kinzie, trader, xvi;
Indian agency, 159;
massacre, xvi, 156-191;
views, 156, 172.

Fort Dearborn II (1816), built, 140, 197, 407;
description, 140-142, 197;
Indian agency, 142, 144, 145, 160, 161, 197;
Hogan, sutler, 408;
garrison in 1831, 144, 145;
offender drummed out, 202, 203;
troops withdrawn (1831), 227, 230-233, 237, 238, 246, 247, 341;
re-occupied (1832), 410.

Fort Defiance, McKillip killed at, 224.

Fort George, on Mackinac Island, 395, 396.

Fort George, on Niagara frontier, the Helms at, 187.

Fort Gratiot, John H. Kinzie at, 278; cholera, 340.

Fort Holmes, on Mackinac Island, 11, 396.

Fort Howard, built, 397;
named from General Howard, 397;
history, 397;
Indian agency, 337, 413;
murder of Lieut. Foster, 341-343, 410;
Kinzies at, 16, 22;
arrival of lake schooner, 304;
imports Illinois cattle, 406;
Col. Smith at, 396;
Chicago troops removed to, 227, 230-233, 238, 246, 247;
Capt. Scott's kennels, 410;
Dr. Finley at, 305;
Fifth regiment, 260;
in Black Hawk War, 322, 326, 337-344, 364;
view, 14.

Fort Mackinac, Mrs. Kinzie at, 9, 10.
See also, Mackinac Island.

Fort Maiden, John Kinzie at, 194;
North-western Indians, 7, 157, 407.

Fort Niagara, Ont., English Indian agency at, 211, 220-223.

Fort Pitt. See Pittsburg.

Fort Wayne, Ind., Margaret McKenzie near, xiv;
destination of Chicago garrison, 163-166, 168;
Chicago mail, 198.

Fort Winnebago, 104, 106, 112;
site of, 59, 60;
description, 260-264;
receives troops from Fort Howard, 339;
Chicago troops at, 233;
Kinzies, xvii, 25, 26, 56-96, 139, 201, 227, 230-233, 260-305, 344-352;
Indian agency, xvii, 57, 58, 60, 68, 72-80, 260-303, 358-386, 411;
daily life, 80-87, 89, 90;
First and Fifth regiments, 260;
Winnebagoes, 60-66, 264-303;
in Black Hawk War, 314-371, 387-392, 416, 417;
surrender of Winnebago suspects, 357-363;
escape of prisoners, 366-368, 384, 385;
payment of Indian annuities, 363, 364, 366;
Indian destitution, 380-383;
first Protestant sermon, 384;
trail from Butte des Morts, 51, 53;
from Chicago, 121;
mail via Green Bay, 304;
land journey from Green Bay, 305-313;
snakes, 21;
Lieut. Davis, 403;
Capt. Hooe, 403;
Lieut. Lacey, 417;
views, 56, 358;
Turner's "History," 411.

Foster, Lieut. Amos, at Fort Dearborn, 144, 145, 228, 229, 232;
accompanies Kinzies, 233-238, 255, 341;
at Lake Geneva, 246, 247;
murder of, 341-343;
sketch, 410.

Four Lakes, at Madison, how named, 405;
near Sugar Creek, 368;
Winnebagoes on, 72;
Kinzies at, 100, 102, 103, 256;
in Black Hawk War, 316, 317.

Four-Legs (Hootschope), Winnebago chief, 65;
offers daughter to John H. Kinzie, 43-45;
Mrs. Kinzie at village of, 41-45, 333;
death, 60-63;
view of village, 42.

Four-Legs, Madame, at Fort Howard, 344;
at husband's funeral, 62, 63.

Four-Legs (Young Dandy), Winnebago chief, at Fort Winnebago, 264, 265.

Fowle, Maj. John, jr., at Fort Dearborn, 144.

Fox, in Northwest fur trade, 7.

Fox Indians (Musquakees), French appellation of, 53;
relations with French, 52, 53;
with English, 7;
allied to Sacs, 402;
talk with Harrison, 387, 388;
on Mississippi, 270, 391, 392;
in treaty of 1804, 389, 390;
in treaty of 1816, 411, 412;
Forsyth's agency, 387, 419;
one marries Winnebago woman, 269, 270;
Madame Four-Legs, 62, 63, 344;
met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32;
in Black Hawk War, 314;
at Rock Island, 404.

Franchère, Gabriel, _Narrative of a Voyage_, etc., 4.

François, half-breed interpreter, 186.

Frankfort, Ky., _Western World_, 404.

Franks, Jacob, fur trader, 402.

French, early maps by, 408;
rout Foxes, 53, 402;
downfall of New France, xiii, 7;
nature of French-Canadian _patois_, 412;
names for Indians, 53, 54;
as fur trade agents, 394;
as voyageurs, 327-338, 344-352;
as cooks, 31, 37, 47, 101, 102, 236, 251;
related to Winnebagoes, 373, 374, 403;
at Butte des Morts, 49, 402;
Chicago, 142, 146, 158, 160, 407, 408;
Fort Winnebago, 66, 68, 83, 85, 86, 94-97, 260, 262, 263, 269, 271,
274-277, 285, 320, 322, 327, 365, 369-371, 403;
Green Bay, 23, 398;
in Kinzie's employ, 95-139, 227;
at Barney Lawton's, 235;
Mackinac, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 395;
on Mississippi, 403;
at Prairie du Chien, 398;
on Rock River, 407;
at Sandwich, 12;
Eleazer Williams pretends to be dauphin, 401.

Frum, Louis (_dit_ Manaigre), at Fort Winnebago, 262, 263, 274-276,
320, 352.

Fry, ----, tried by Boilvin, 28.

Fur trade, features of voyageur service, 150-154;
by English, 394;
at Astoria, 393;
Chicago, 145, 146, 156, 190, 191, 408;
Detroit, 407, 408;
Dixon, 407;
Fort Winnebago, 80;
Green Bay, 14, 396, 398, 402;
on Mississippi, 403;
at Morrison's Grove, 405;
Portage, 405;
Prairie du Chien, 414;
St. Joseph's 180;
operations by Boilvin, 400;
Davenport, 391;
Fisher, 398;
Thomas Forsyth, 387, 419;
Charles Gratiot, 414;
Grignons, 400;
John Kinzie, 146-150, 156;
Knaggs, 413;
Laframboises, 394, 395;
Paquette, 326, 336, 337, 413;
Réaume, 399;
Rolette, 17-19, 398;
Whitney, 412.
See also, American Fur Co., Hudson Bay Co., Mackinaw Co.,
Northwest Co., Southwest Co., and Scotch.

Furman, Lieut John G., at Fort Dearborn, 144;
death, 201.

Gagnon, Ernest, _Chansons Populaires du Canada_, 400.

Gaines, Gen. E. P., removes Black Hawk, 391.

Galena, Ill., Kent at, 107, 384, 405;
Hempsteads, 404;
Philleo, 306;
in Black Hawk War, 318;
in Peoria County, 407;
trail from Peoria, 406, 407.

Gardiner, Mrs. ----, hospital matron, 246.

Garlic Island (Island Park), near Oshkosh, 402;
Wild Cat's village, 358;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 45, 331-333.

Genéviève, a half-breed servant, 138, 376.

Glamorgan, ----, Dominican negro, 146.

Gleason, Luther, settler on Fox River, 54, 56, 350-352.

Gordon, Daisy, copies portrait of John H. Kinzie, xvi.

Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor Kinzie, read proof-sheets, xxi.

Grand Chûte, Mrs. Kinzie at, 35-39, 69, 333, 345-348, 369;
view, 346.

Grand Haven, Mich., settled, 394.

Grand Marais, Kinzies near, 124.

Gratiot, Charles, fur trader, sketch, 414.

Gratiot, Maj. Charles, plans Fort Howard, 397.

Gratiot, Henry, son of Charles, 414;
Indian agent, 323;
lead miner, 404.

Green, Emerson, killed in Black Hawk War, 318.

Green Bay, 70;
named Baye des Puans, 403;
arrival of Nicolet, 403;
Réaume's career, 27, 28, 399, 400;
fur trade, 396, 398, 402;
hanging of Doyle, 341-343;
in Black Hawk War, 339-344, 375, 415;
Stambaugh's expedition, 349, 416;
Doty's court, 397;
first ferry, 396;
arrival of Winnebago commissioners, 364;
mosquitoes, 340;
Green Bay fly, 341;
residents met at Butte des Morts, 48;
Bairds at, 398, 399;
Bealls, 399;
Cadle's mission, 398;
Charles Gratiot, 414;
Grignon family, 400;
Ursula M. Grignon, 398;
W. S. Hamilton, 406;
Kinzies, xvii, 1, 13-30, 58, 68, 278, 303-306, 326, 344, 386;
Rolette, 18;
Stambaugh, 413;
Whitney, 412.
See also, Fort Howard, Navarino, and Shantytown.

Greenville, Ohio, treaty of, xv, 408.

Gridley, ----, a soldier, 35.

Griffith, ----, a soldier, 185, 186.

Grignon, ----, half-breed at Butte des Morts, 48, 50.

Grignon, Misses, described by Mrs. Kinzie, 20, 21.

Grignon, Amable, son of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Augustin, son of Pierre, 400;
fur trader, 402;
at Kaukauna, 400;
"Recollections," 400.

Grignon, Charles, son of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Domitilde, daughter of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Elizabeth, assists Mazzuchelli, 266.

Grignon, Hippolyte, son of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Jean Baptiste, son of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Louis, son of Pierre, 400;
fur trader, 20, 398.

Grignon, Marguerite, daughter of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Petaille, engagé, 83, 227, 236-238, 240, 250, 252, 254, 258.

Grignon, Pierre, fur trader, 400.

Grignon, Mrs. Pierre, marries Langevin, 400.

Grignon, Pierre Antoine, son of Pierre, 400.

Grignon, Ursula M., described by Mrs. Kinzie, 21;
sketch, 398.

Grignon family, at Kaukauna, 30, 31, 307;
at Butte des Morts, 48;
sketch, 400.

Grosse Pointe, near Detroit, 224.

Guardapie, Alexis, a voyageur, 331, 338.

Haliburton, ----, first husband of Mrs. Mackenzie, xiii, 147.

Hall, Benjamin, marries Margaret McKenzie, xvi.

Hamilton, Alexander, father of William Stephen, 406.

Hamilton, Mrs. Alexander, visits Wisconsin, 406.

Hamilton, Lieut. Gov. Henry, expedition against Vincennes, 399.

Hamilton, Col. R. J., at Chicago, 227.

Hamilton, William Stephen, entertains Kinzies, 107-116;
escorts Kinzies, 307;
sketch, 406.

Hamilton's Diggings (Wiota), founded, 406;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 107-114, 307.

Hancock, ----, a soldier, 86.

Hanks, Lieut. Porter, loses Mackinac, 395.

Harbor Springs, Mich. See L'Arbre Croche.

Hardscrabble, early name for Lee's Place, 144.

Harmon, Dr. E., early Chicago physician, 145, 202, 204.

Harney, Capt. William Selby, escorts Kinzies to Fort Winnebago, 21, 22,
25;
at Fort Winnebago, 17, 80, 91, 113, 354;
in Black Hawk War, 316;
sketch, 397.

Harrison, Gen. William Henry, fights Indians, 404;
at Detroit, xvi, 193, 196;
governor of Indiana Territory, 399;
talks with Sacs and Foxes, 387, 388.

Harry, a negro servant, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 274, 277, 332, 334.

Hastings's Woods, near Portage, 370;
Mrs. Kinzie at, 257, 258.

Hays, Sergt. ----, killed in Chicago massacre, 191.

Hays, Henry, deserts George Forsyth, 148, 149.

Heacock, Russell E., Chicago resident, 144.

Heald, Capt. Nathan, in Chicago massacre, 156, 162-168, 186-188.

Heald, Mrs. Nathan, in Chicago massacre, 157, 179-181, 186-188.

Healy, G. P. A., portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John H. Kinzie,
_frontispiece_, xvi.

Helm, Edwin, son of Linai T., 236, 240, 241, 274, 278, 379;
goes to Green Bay, 331, 332, 334-336.

Helm, Lieut. Linai T., in Chicago massacre, 156, 173, 175, 177, 186, 187.

Helm, Mrs. Margaret, wife of foregoing, a McKillip, xvi, 224;
narrative of Chicago massacre, 157, 173-191;
goes to Fort Winnebago, 227, 234-259;
at Fort Winnebago, 275, 319, 320, 324, 325;
goes to Fort Howard, 327-337;
returns to Fort Winnebago, 344-352.

Hempstead, ----, Galena resident, 71.

Hempstead, Charles, Galena lawyer, 404.

Hempstead, Edward, Galena resident, 404.

Hempstead, Stephen, sketch, 404.

Hempstead, Susan, marries Henry Gratiot, 404.

Henry, Gen. James D., in Black Hawk War, 321, 343, 344, 416.

"Henry Clay," early lake steamer, xvii, 1-3, 9, 11-13, 15.

Henshaw, Miss Frances, visits Kinzies, 303, 412.

Hickory Creek, early ball at, 227-230.

Hinckley, Capt. ----, at Fort Dearborn, 231, 232.

Hogan, John Stephen Coats, sutler at Fort Dearborn, 145;
sketch, 408.

Holmes, Maj. Andrew Hunter, killed on Mackinac Island, 395, 396.

Holt, Sergt. ----, wounded in Chicago massacre, 178.

Holt, Mrs. ----, wife of foregoing, heroism of, 178, 179.

Hooe, Lieut. Alexander S., at Fort Winnebago, 54;
sketch, 403.

Hoo-wau-ne-kah (Little Elk), Winnebago chief, 65;
in Black Hawk War, 321, 322.

Howard, Gen. Benjamin, opinion of treaty of 1804, 388;
name given to Fort Howard, 397.

Hubbard, Bela, _Memorials of a Half Century_, 400.

Hudson Bay Company, fur trade of, 394.

Hull, Gen. William, arrives at Detroit, 162;
surrender, 192.

Hunt, George, at Wolf's Point, 198.

_Hunt's Merchants' Magazine_, 400.

Hunter, Lieut. David, at Fort Dearborn, 144, 376;
escorts Mrs. Kinzie, 344-352;
in Black Hawk War, 322;
sketch, 414.

Huron Indians, raided by Iroquois, 396;
settle at Point St. Ignace, 396.

Hurlburt, Henry H., _Chicago Antiquities_, 408.

Illinois, embraces Wisconsin, 400;
early land surveys, 406;
Sac and Fox cession (1804), 411;
furnishes cattle for Fort Howard, 406;
in Black Hawk War, 273, 314, 315, 411, 412, 416, 417;
_Wau-Bun_ as historical material for, xx.

Illinois Indians, early French among, 146.

Indians, customs and dances, 278-286, 364, 365;
marriage customs, 264, 265, 372-375;
medicine men, 282, 283;
legend of little rail (_poule d'eau_), 242-244;
of red fox, 287-294;
of Sheesheebanze (little duck), 295-302;
feast of green corn, 220, 221;
scalp dance, 364, 365;
dance at Fort Winnebago, 324;
division of labor, 280, 281, 412;
jerking of meat, 165;
mat weaving, 54, 55;
rice harvest, 46, 56;
use of kinnikinick, 42, 66;
mounds at Butte des Morts, 402;
at Lake Koshkonong, 411;
burial customs, 60-63, 284, 285;
payment of annuities, 72-75, 80, 262, 272, 278-286, 363, 364, 366;
in Pontiac's conspiracy, 12;
Black Hawk War a blot on our relations with, 416;
attitude of, to Cadle's mission, 398;
Boilvin's agency, 400;
Forsyth's, 419;
Gratiot's, 414;
Street's, 404;
Stuart's, 393;
at Mackinac, 9.
See also, the several tribes.

Indiana Territory, embraces Wisconsin, 399.

Iowa, Mazzuchelli in, 411;
Winnebago Indians in, 357.

Iowa County, Wis., Hogan in, 408.

Iowa Indians, met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32.

Iroquois Indians, friendly to English, 206, 207, 215;
raids of, 393, 396.

Irving, Washington, _Astoria_, 4.

Irwin, Alexander, in Black Hawk War, 349.

Irwin family, at Green Bay, 305.

Island Park, near Oshkosh. See Garlic Island.

Jackson, Gen. Andrew, in Creek War, 418.

Jayne, Dr. ----, canal commissioner, 409.

Jefferson Barracks, Black Hawk at, 387, 392.

Jenks, Alfred E., on wild rice, 402.

Jesuits, Marquette's operations, 12, 396;
at De Pere, 413;
La Richardie at Sandwich, 396;
_Relations_, 401.

Jewett, Charles, Indian agent, 197.

Jews, in fur trade, 402.

Johnson, Sir John, English Indian agent, 211, 216, 218, 220-223, 410.

Johnson, Col. Richard M., interested in Indian education, 88, 89;
sketch, 404, 405.

Johnson, Sir William, English Indian superintendent, 410.

Joliet, Louis, explores Mississippi River, 396, 403.

Juneau, Solomon, on Cadle's mission, 398.

Justice, Réaume's administration of, 399, 400;
Boilvin's, 400;
Doty's, 397;
Lawe and Porlier's, 402;
at Chicago, 408, 409.

Karraymaunee (Nawkaw), Winnebago chief, 63.

Kaskaskia, Ill., Charles Gratiot at, 414.

Kaukauna (Grand Kaccalin, Cacalin, Cockolin, Kackalin, Kakalin, Kokolow),
first settlement at, 400;
Presbyterian mission, 400, 401;
Mrs. Kinzie, 22, 26, 30-35, 306, 307, 337.

Keepotah (Kepotah) befriends Kinzies, 179, 181, 186, 188, 196, 197.

Kellogg, O. W., settles Buffalo Grove, 406;
entertains Kinzies, 116-118;
accompanies Kinzies, 117-139.

Kellogg, Mrs. O. W., entertains Kinzies, 116-118.

Kellogg's Grove, Mrs. Kinzie at, 114-118, 307;
St. Vrain killed at, 392;
in Black Hawk War, 316.

Kent, Rev. Aratus, Galena clergyman, 107, 384;
sketch, 405.

Kent, Mrs. Aratus, wife of foregoing, 384.

Kentucky, R. M. Johnson's career, 404, 405;
J. M. Street in, 404.

Keokuk, Fox chief, 404.

Kercheval, Gholson, 408;
French nickname for, 153;
fur trader, 145;
sutler at Fort Howard, 364, 366;
at Chicago, 231, 233, 237;
at early ball, 228-230;
accompanies Kinzies, 233, 234.

Kewaniquot (Returning Cloud), Ottawa chief, 394, 398.

Kickapoo Indians, fur trade of, 150.

Kilbourn City, Wis., near Wisconsin River dalles, 417.

Kilgour, Corporal ----, escorts Kinzies, 36, 41.

King, Mrs. Charles, grandchild of Haliburton, xiii.

Kinnikinick, Indian substitute for tobacco, 42, 66.

Kinzie, Ellen Marion, daughter of John, xvi.

Kinzie, Elizabeth, daughter of John, xv, xvi.

Kinzie, James, son of John, xv, xvi.

Kinzie, John, at Bertrand, Mich., 146, 408;
early life in Chicago, 154, 407;
in Chicago massacre, 154-191;
captivity by English, 192-196;
returns to Chicago (1816), 197;
last years and death, 197-200;
sketch, xiii-xvi.