Chapter XXIV: Appendix: II

DIVISIONAL AND BRIGADE ORGANIZATION AND CHANGES.

1809–1814.

BY C. T. ATKINSON, M.A., FELLOW AND TUTOR OF EXETER COLLEGE, OXFORD.

[Sidenote: Changes in 1809]

1809.

On April 22, when Wellesley arrived the troops were brigaded as
follows:--

Cavalry. G.O.C., Cotton. 14th Light Dragoons, 16th Light
Dragoons, 2 squadrons 20th Light Dragoons, detachment 3rd
Hussars K.G.L.: Fane’s brigade (not at the Douro), 3rd Dragoon
Guards, 4th Dragoons.

Guards’ Brigade (H. Campbell). 1st Coldstream, 1st 3rd Guards
(_i.e._ Scots), 1 co. 5/60th.

1st Brigade (Hill). 1/3rd, 2/48th, 2/66th, 1 co. 5/60th.

2nd Brigade (Mackenzie). 2/24th (attached), 3/27th, 2/31st, 1/45th.

3rd Brigade (Tilson). Headquarters and 5 cos. 5/60th, 2/87th,
1/88th.

4th Brigade (Sontag). 97th, 2nd Detachments, 1 co. 5/60th.

5th Brigade (A. Campbell). 2/7th, 2/53rd, 1 co. 5/60th.

6th Brigade (R. Stewart). 29th, 1st Detachments.

7th Brigade (Cameron). 2/9th, 2/83rd, 1 co. 5/60th.

K.G.L. (Murray, Langwerth and Drieberg). 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th
Line K.G.L., detachment Light Battalions K.G.L.

The 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Brigades each included a
Portuguese battalion.

[N.B.—The “Battalions of Detachments” were composed of
convalescents and stragglers, left behind from the regiments
which had marched from Portugal under Sir John Moore in the
preceding autumn.]

The organization in divisions dates from June 18. It was originally as
follows:--

_Cavalry._ G.O.C., Payne. A [Fane], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th
Dragoons; B [Cotton], 14th and 16th Light Dragoons; Unattached,
2 squadrons 20th Light Dragoons, 23rd Light Dragoons, 1st
Hussars K.G.L., detachment 3rd Hussars K.G.L.

_1st Division._ G.O.C., Sherbrooke. A [H. Campbell], 1st
Coldstream, 1st Scots; B [Cameron], 2/9th, 2/83rd; C
[Langwerth], 1st and 2nd Line K.G.L., detachment Light
Battalions K.G.L.; D [Löw], 5th and 7th Line K.G.L.

_2nd Division._ G.O.C., Hill. A [Hill], 1/3rd, 2/48th, 3/66th;
B [R. Stewart], 29th, 1st Detachments.

_3rd Division._ G.O.C., Mackenzie. A [Mackenzie] 3/27th,
2/31st, 1/45th; B [Tilson], 5 companies 5/60th, 2/87th, 1/88th.

_4th Division._ G.O.C., A. Campbell. A [A. Campbell], 2/7th,
2/53rd; B [Sontag], 97th, 2nd Detachments.

The detached companies of 5/60th at Talavera were with I A, I
B, II A, IV A, IV B.

Subsequent changes were as follows:--

_Cavalry._ 20th Light Dragoons and detachment 3rd Hussars
K.G.L., left the Peninsula before the end of July.

By June 21 a new brigade, C, was added, under G. Anson,
composed of 23rd Light Dragoons and 1st Hussars K.G.L.

On November 1 Granby Calcroft was commanding A for Fane, absent.

By November 24 1st Dragoons (who arrived at Lisbon in October)
replaced the 16th Light Dragoons in B, now under Slade,
as Cotton was assisting Payne in command of the division;
16th Light Dragoons were transferred to C _vice_ 23rd Light
Dragoons, ordered home after their losses at Talavera.

_1st Division._ 1/40th, from Seville, replaced 2/9th before
June 21, 2/9th going to Gibraltar and relieving 1/61st, who
joined before Talavera, on which 1/40th were transferred to
IV B.

After Talavera 2/24th and 2/42nd were added to I B, 2/83rd
being sent down to Lisbon.

At Talavera, H. Campbell was wounded, Stopford replacing him
in command of the division and brigade, but from November 8
to December 15, Hulse had the brigade. Langwerth having been
killed at Talavera, Beck of 1st Line K.G.L. succeeded to his
brigade, but the two K.G.L. brigades were amalgamated under Löw
from November 1.

_2nd Division._ By June 21 Tilson (from III B) had taken over
Hill’s own brigade. Before Talavera 1/48th (arrived at Lisbon
June 22, on being relieved at Gibraltar by 2/30th) had been
added to II B.

In September, a new brigade, C, under Catlin Craufurd, was
added, composed of 2/28th, 2/34th, 2/39th, and about the same
time 2/31st (from III A) was added to II A. By November 1,
1/57th (from Gibraltar) replaced 1st Detachments in II B, the
Battalions of Detachments having been broken up.

From December 15 on II A was under command of Duckworth of
2/48th.

_3rd Division._ Tilson, moving to II A, was replaced by Donkin
(June 21).

Before Talavera 2/24th replaced 3/27th (sent down to Lisbon) in
III A.

Mackenzie was killed at Talavera, and the division passed
under the command of R. Craufurd, whose brigade, 1/43rd,
1/52nd and 1/95th, arrived just too late for the battle, and
was apparently added to the division in place of Mackenzie’s
brigade which was amalgamated with Donkin’s. On September 15,
2/87th was ordered down to Lisbon for garrison duty, 2/24th
being transferred to II B and 2/31st to II A about the same
time.

In October, Donkin gave up his brigade, Mackinnon obtaining
command.

_4th Division._ Myers of 2/7th seems to have commanded IV A for
A. Campbell.

By Talavera 1/40th had been added to IV B, of which Kemmis had
taken command vice Sontag.

At Talavera A. Campbell was wounded, and had to go home, the
division being without a definite G.O.C. till the arrival of
Lowry Cole in October.

In September 1/11th (arrived at Lisbon from Madeira in August)
was added to IV A. On the Battalions of Detachments being sent
home (October), 3/27th, in garrison at Lisbon since after the
Douro, replaced the 2nd Battalion in IV B.

[Sidenote: Changes in 1810]

1810.

On January 1, the composition of the Army was as follows:--

_Cavalry._ G.O.C., Payne; Cotton, second in command.

A [Fane], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th Dragoons; B [Slade], 1st
Dragoons, 14th Light Dragoons; C [G. Anson], 16th Light
Dragoons, 1st Hussars K.G.L.

_1st Division._ G.O.C., Sherbrooke. A [Stopford], 1st
Coldstreams, 1st Scots; B [A. Cameron], 2/24th, 2/42nd, 1/61st;
C [Löw], 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th Line, K.G.L., detachment Light
Battalions, K.G.L.

_2nd Division._ G.O.C., Hill. A [Duckworth, temporarily],
1/3rd, 2/31st, 2/48th, 2/66th; B [R. Stewart], 29th, 1/48th,
1/57th; C [C. Craufurd], 2/28th, 2/34th, 2/39th.

_3rd Division._ G.O.C., R. Craufurd. A [R. Craufurd], 1/43rd,
1/52nd, 1/95th; B [Mackinnon], 1/45th, 5/60th, 1/88th.

_4th Division._ G.O.C., Cole. A [Myers acting for Cole],
2/7th, 1/11th, 2/53rd; B [Kemmis] 3/27th, 1/40th, 97th; C
[Lightburne], 2/5th, 2/58th.[348]

Subsequent changes were:--

_Cavalry._ Payne went home before June 1, Cotton obtaining sole
command from June 3.

On April 1 the 13th Light Dragoons arrived at Lisbon, joining
the army in May, and being attached to Hill’s division, along
with four regiments of Portuguese cavalry, the whole under
Fane, who gave over his brigade to de Grey from May 13. Two
troops of the regiment went to Cadiz, but rejoined the regiment
in September.

Before the end of the year Fane seems to have gone home ill.

_1st Division._ On April 26 Cotton was posted to the command of
the division, _vice_ Sherbrooke, gone home ill, but gave place
to Spencer, June 3, on getting the Cavalry Division.

In the “States” of March 8 to August 1, no brigadier is given
for I B. On August 4 Lord Blantyre (of 2/42nd) was appointed to
command I B “during the absence of Brigadier-General Cameron.”
Cameron was back in command from October 1, but on November 26
he was invalided home, Blantyre probably commanding again.

By the Orders of September 12, 1/79th (just arrived from
Cadiz), was posted to I B _vice_ 1/61st, to be transferred to a
new brigade to form part of the 1st Division. These orders were
suspended from September 14, and at Bussaco 1/7th (arrived from
Halifax before end of July), and 1/79th formed a brigade (I D)
under Pakenham.

On October 6, orders were given for the transfer of Pakenham’s
brigade to the 4th Division, the exchange between the 1/61st
and 1/79th having been carried out previously, and a new
brigade was added under Erskine, comprising 1/50th (arrived
September 24), 1/71st (arrived September 26), 1/92nd (arrived
in October, before the 6th), and 1 company 3/95th.

_2nd Division._ On June 20 Leith was appointed to command
“Tilson’s brigade,” and to command the division “under Hill,”
but in the “State” of July 8 his name appears as commanding
the brigade composed of 3/1st, 1/9th, and 2/38th. On August 8
orders were issued to W. Stewart to take command of Tilson’s
brigade and of the division under Hill. In November Hill went
on sick leave.

Leith’s name ceases to appear in the returns as commanding
II A from July 8, and W. Stewart’s name appears in his place
from July 27. When Stewart commanded the division, Colborne of
2/66th had the brigade. C. Craufurd died in September, and at
Bussaco Wilson of 2/39th commanded II C. On September 30 Lumley
was posted to command it.

Before September 1 R. Stewart had gone home ill, and at
Bussaco Inglis (of 1/57th) commanded II B. On October 8 Hoghton
was posted to it.

_3rd Division._ From January 8 on 5/60th no longer appear in
the Returns as belonging to the division, and their place in
the brigade was taken by 74th, who arrived at Lisbon February
8, and are mentioned in Orders on February 22 as in III B.

On February 22 the division was reorganized, R. Craufurd’s
brigade becoming, with two battalions of Caçadores, the
Light Division. Mackinnon’s brigade now became III A, and
Lightburne’s brigade was transferred from the 4th Division and
became III B. The headquarters and three companies 5/60th were
posted to Lightburne’s brigade, the remaining companies having
been posted to I A, I B, II A, II B, II C, IV A, IV B. At the
same time a Portuguese brigade composed of the 9th and 21st
Regiments (under Harvey) was added to the division.

At Bussaco Champlemond was in command of the Portuguese
brigade, by October 29 Sutton had it, Champlemond being wounded
at Bussaco.

On September 12 2/83rd was posted to III B, 2/88th having
arrived from Cadiz to relieve them September 4. Hurrying to
the front they joined their brigade before Bussaco. When they
did join, 2/58th was detached from III B for garrison duty at
Lisbon. 94th (arrived from Cadiz September 20), were added to
III B on October 6, and on October 10 Colville was posted to
command the brigade _vice_ Lightburne, who went home.

_4th Division._ On the transfer of Lightburne’s brigade to
the 3rd Division the other two brigades exchanged places,
Kemmis’ becoming IV A, and being Cole’s brigade, but under the
immediate command of Kemmis. A. Campbell, who had rejoined,
took command of his old brigade.

The 3rd and 15th Portuguese were added to the division in
February, as a brigade under Collins.

At Bussaco the Portuguese brigade consisted of the 11th and
23rd, the 3rd and 15th having been removed to the 5th Division.

On October 6 A. Campbell’s brigade was removed from the
division to become the nucleus of the newly-formed 6th
Division, its place being taken by Pakenham’s from the 1st
Division, _i.e._ 1/7th, 1/61st, to which the Brunswick Oels
Light Infantry (arrived Lisbon September 17) were added.

On November 12 the Brunswick Oels were removed to the Light
Division, but one company was posted to IV B, two more being
detached to provide the newly-formed 5th Division, with extra
light troops. Their place in IV B was taken by the newly
arrived 1/23rd from Halifax, Nova Scotia.

On November 17 2/7th and 1/61st were ordered to exchange, IV B
thus becoming the Fusilier Brigade.

_Light Division._ Formed on February 22 by the removal of
R. Craufurd’s brigade from the 3rd Division, the 1st and
3rd Portuguese Caçadores being added to it. On August 4 it
was broken up into two brigades, as follows: A [Beckwith of
1/95th] 1/43rd, 4 companies 1/95th, 1st Caçadores; B [Barclay
of 1/52nd] 1/52nd, 4 companies 1/95th, 3rd Caçadores. Barclay
having been wounded at Bussaco, Wynch of 1/4th got the brigade
(in Orders of November 14th).

A company of 2/95th (from Cadiz) was added to A before October
1. On November 12 nine companies Brunswick Oels joined B.

_5th Division._ Officially this division first appears in the
“State” of August 8, when the 3/1st, 1/9th, and 2/38th,[349]
are first called the “Fifth Division,” a Portuguese brigade,
Spry’s (_i.e._ 3rd and 15th Line), being added, and Leith being
G.O.C.

On August 4 J. S. Barns of 3/1st was appointed to command the
British brigade, being superseded by Hay September 30.

On October 6 orders were issued that Leith should command
the 5th Division, and that it should be composed of
Brigadier-General Hay’s brigade, a brigade made up of 1/4th
(from England, they first appear in the “State” of November
15), 2/30th (from Cadiz), and 2/44th (from Cadiz), and Spry’s
Portuguese.

On November 5 Dunlop was posted to V B, hitherto under its
senior battalion commander.

On November 12 a company of the Brunswick Oels was posted to
each of the British brigades.

_6th Division._ Ordered to be formed October 6, by taking A.
Campbell’s brigade out of the 4th Division and adding Eben’s
Portuguese (_i.e._ 8th Line and Lusitanian Legion) to it: A.
Campbell being G.O.C.

On November 14, Hulse was posted to A. Campbell’s brigade.

On November 17 1/61st from IV B exchanged with 2/7th.

In addition to the Portuguese brigades attached to the 3rd,
4th, 5th, and 6th Divisions there were at least five others,
two of which, the 4th under Archibald Campbell (=4th and 10th
Line), and 2nd under Fonseca (=2nd and 14th Line) formed a
division under Hamilton, which acted throughout under Hill.
Wellington says that he intended to organize this division like
the rest, but the heavy losses at Albuera and the consequent
necessity of reforming the 2nd Division made it impossible for
him to carry out his resolve. [Cf. _Wellington Dispatches_,
viii. 111.]

The remaining brigades were the 1st (Pack’s), consisting of the
1st and 16th Line and 4th Caçadores, the 5th (A. Campbell’s),
6th and 18th Line, and 6th Caçadores; the 6th (Coleman’s), 7th
and 19th Line and 2nd Caçadores. On the formation of the 7th
Division in March, 1811, Coleman’s brigade was posted to it,
the other two remaining unattached.

The 12th and 13th Line and 5th Caçadores seem to have formed
yet another brigade under Bradford, but in October the 13th
Line was in garrison at Abrantes.

Spry’s brigade ranked at the 3rd, Eben’s as the 7th, Sutton’s
as the 8th, and Collins’ as the 9th.

[Sidenote: State of January 1, 1811]

1811.

On January 1 the Army was organized as follows:--

_Cavalry._ G.O.C., Cotton. A [de Grey], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th
Dragoons; B [Slade], 1st Dragoons, 14th Light Dragoons; C [G.
Anson], 16th Light Dragoons, 1st Hussars, K.G.L.; unbrigaded,
13th Light Dragoons.

_1st Division._ G.O.C., Spencer. A [Stopford], 1st Coldstream,
1st Scots, 1 company 5/60th; B [? Blantyre, acting], 2/24th,
2/42nd, 1/79th, 1 company 5/60th; C [Löw], 1st, 2nd, 5th,
and 7th Line, K.G.L., detachment Light Battalions, K.G.L.; D
[Erskine], 1/50th, 1/71st, 1/92nd, 1 company 3/95th.

_2nd Division._ G.O.C., W. Stewart. A [Colborne], 1/3rd,
2/31st, 2/48th, 2/66th, 1 company 5/60th; B [Hoghton], 29th,
1/48th, 1/57th, 1 company 5/60th; C [Lumley], 2/28th, 2/34th,
2/39th, 1 company 5/60th.

_3rd Division._ G.O.C., Picton. A [Mackinnon], 1/45th, 1/74th,
1/88th; B [Colville], 2/5th, 3 companies 5/60th, 2/83rd, 94th;
also Sutton’s Portuguese.

_4th Division._ G.O.C., Cole. A [Kemmis], 3/27th, 1/40th, 97th,
1 company 5/60th; B [Pakenham], 1/7th, 2/7th, 1/23rd, 1 Company
Brunswick Oels; also Collins’ Portuguese.

_5th Division._ G.O.C., Leith. A [Hay], 3/1st, 1/9th, 2/38th,
1 company Brunswick Oels; B [Dunlop], 1/4th, 2/30th, 2/44th, 1
company Brunswick Oels; also Spry’s Portuguese.

_6th Division._ G.O.C., A. Campbell. A [Hulse], 1/11th, 2/53rd,
1/61st, 1 company 5/60th; also Eben’s Portuguese.

_Light Division._ G.O.C., R. Craufurd. A [Beckwith], 1/43rd, 4
companies 1/95th, 1 company 2/95th, 1st Caçadores; B [Wynch],
1/52nd, 4 companies 1/95th, Brunswick Oels, 3rd Caçadores.

_Portuguese._ Hamilton’s Division, brigades under Fonseca (2nd)
and Archibald Campbell (4th). Unattached brigades under Pack
(1st), Ashworth, late A. Campbell (5th), Coleman (6th), and
Bradford (10th).

Subsequent changes were:--

_Cavalry._ Cotton went home January 15, returning April 22;
in his absence Slade commanded the division until March 7,
when Erskine seems to have been placed in command of both
the Cavalry and the Light Division. While Slade had the
division, his brigade was apparently under Hawker of 14th Light
Dragoons, and from March 1 to May 15, G. Anson being absent,
Arentschildt of 1st K.G.L. Hussars, commanded C.

On March 19 Long was posted to command the cavalry of the
force usually under Hill, but commanded by Beresford during
Hill’s absence. At Albuera Lumley (of II C) was in command
of Beresford’s cavalry, Long’s conduct not having given
satisfaction to the Marshal. On May 11 Erskine was appointed to
command “the cavalry south of the Tagus.”

On June 13 a new brigade, D, was formed under Long, composed of
13th Light Dragoons and 2nd Hussars K.G.L., two squadrons of
which had landed April 8. On June 18 the 11th Light Dragoons
(arrived June 1) replaced the 13th, transferred to Slade’s
brigade.

On June 19 a reorganization of the cavalry in two divisions was
ordered, as follows:--

1st Cavalry Division. G.O.C., Cotton. B [Slade], 1st Dragoons,
13th and 14th Light Dragoons; C [G. Anson], 16th Light
Dragoons, 1st Hussars, K.G.L.; also Madden’s Portuguese.

2nd Cavalry Division. G.O.C., Erskine. A [de Grey], 3rd Dragoon
Guards, 4th Dragoons; D [Long], 11th Light Dragoons, 2nd
Hussars, K.G.L.

On July 19 another reorganization took place, the final result
being as follows:--

1st Cavalry Division. G.O.C., Cotton. B [Slade], 1st Dragoons,
12th Light Dragoons (arrived July 1), vice 13th (to C) and
14th (to D); C [G. Anson], 13th and 16th Light Dragoons;
E [V. Alten, a new brigade], 11th Light Dragoons (from D)
and 1st Hussars, K.G.L. (from C); Madden’s Portuguese.

2nd Cavalry Division. A [de Grey], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th
Dragoons; D [Long], 14th Light Dragoons, 2nd Hussars, K.G.L.

On August 1, 9th Light Dragoons (newly arrived) were posted
to Long’s brigade, together with 13th Light Dragoons, which
exchanged from C with 14th.

On August 30, a new brigade, F, was added, comprising 4th
Dragoon Guards, arrived August 15, and 3rd Dragoons, arrived
before August 20, its commander being Le Marchant. By October
1, 5th Dragoon Guards had been added to this brigade.

On October 5 de Grey’s brigade was transferred to the 1st
Cavalry Division, to which Le Marchant’s was attached by Orders
of November 8, the Portuguese brigade being struck off that
division.

From December 8 on the States do not give any G.O.C. for the
2nd Cavalry Division.

_1st Division._ On January 23 Nightingale was posted to I B: on
February 6 Howard obtained I D, when Erskine was transferred to
the command of the 5th Division. On June 8 H. Campbell’s name
is given in the “State” as in command of I A, Stopford being
transferred to IV B (in Orders for this June 18). Nightingale
departing to Bengal before June 25 his brigade had no permanent
commander till July 28, when Stopford got it.

Owing to the heavy losses of the 2nd Division at Albuera and
its consequent reconstruction, Howard’s brigade was transferred
to it on June 6, and at the same time the detachment of the
Light Battalions of the K.G.L., hitherto in I C, rejoined those
battalions, which had been posted to VII A.

On June 26 orders were issued for the 7th Line K.G.L., to go
home, its rank and file being drafted into the other three
battalions. On July 21 1/26th were added to I B, having
recently arrived from England.

On August 9, Graham was appointed to command the division,
Spencer having gone home in July, he received leave July 25.
From December 1 onward I B appears in the “States” as having no
G.O.C.

_2nd Division._ The heavy losses at Albuera led to the
reorganization of the division, detailed in Orders June 6.
Howard’s brigade of the 1st Division was transferred to the
2nd Division, becoming II A. The remainder of the brigades
of Colborne and Hoghton (who was killed) were formed into a
Provisional Battalion, less 1/48th and 2/48th; 1/48th, to which
the rank and file of 2/48th were drafted (the cadre of 2/48th
going home), was transferred to IV B.

This Provisional Battalion was placed in Lumley’s brigade,
of which Abercromby (of 2/28th) had had temporary command at
Albuera, while Lumley was in charge of the cavalry. At the same
time, Ashworth’s Portuguese brigade was definitely attached to
it: this was the 5th Brigade, which had been under A. Campbell
in October, 1810, but had come under Ashworth by March 11; it
comprised the 6th and 18th Line and 6th Caçadores. Cf. also
_Wellington Dispatches_, viii, 566, and S. D. vii. 135.

Before the end of May Hill returned and took over command
of the division, as well as of the whole force commanded by
Beresford at Albuera.

On July 22 1/28th (newly arrived from Gibraltar) was posted to
Lumley’s brigade.

On August 7 orders were issued for 1/3rd and 1/57th to resume
their separate formations, large drafts having arrived from
their second battalions in England. The division was again
formed in three brigades, Howard’s being II A, and 1/3rd,
1/57th, and the Provisional Battalion, [_i.e._ 29th (3
companies), 2/31st (4 companies) and 2/66th (3 companies)]
forming II B, apparently under Inglis of 1/57th, while 1/28th,
2/28th, 2/34th, and 2/39th under Lumley formed II C.

On August 21 2/28th was drafted into 1/28th, and sent home,
and the company 3/95th, hitherto in Howard’s brigade, were
transferred to Beckwith’s brigade of the Light Division, being
replaced in II A by a company of 5/60th, there being three with
the division.

On September 21 Byng was posted to command II B, and on October
9 Wilson was appointed to command II C, Lumley having gone home
sick early in August.

On October 3 orders were issued for 29th to go home to recruit;
on October 20 1/39th, just arrived from Sicily, was added to II
C, 2/39th being drafted into it and sent home by Orders issued
December 17.

_3rd Division._ Orders of March 5 direct the transfer of the
headquarter companies 5/60th to III A, 2/88th, on garrison duty
at Lisbon since September 4, 1810, being added to III B. On
July 10, 2/88th was ordered to be drafted into 1/88th, and the
cadre sent home.

On July 22 the 77th were added to III B.

From July 1 to October 31 Mackinnon was absent from his
brigade, ill, Wallace of 1/88th commanding it in his place.

On December 22 Colville was transferred to the command of the
4th Division, in Cole’s absence on leave, J. Campbell of the
94th getting III B.

Champlemond had the Portuguese brigade on March 19; but by
Fuentes Power had it.

_4th Division._ By February 1 the headquarters and 9 companies
Brunswick Oels had been added to IV A, having been removed from
the Light Division, but on the formation of the 7th Division
(March 5), they were removed to it.

On January 23 Houston was appointed to IV B _vice_ Pakenham,
but left the brigade again March 5, on being appointed to
command the 7th Division: Myers would seem to have commanded IV
B till Albuera, where he was killed. On June 18 Stopford was
appointed to command IV B, but was transferred to I B on July
28, Pakenham again getting IV B. From November 15 onwards the
“States” do not give any brigadier for IV B, but it continued
to be described as “Pakenham’s.”

After Albuera 2/7th was drafted into 1/7th, the remnants being
sent home June 26; 1/48th from the 2nd Division was added to IV
B June 6. On October 3, the 97th, a single battalion regiment,
was ordered home in consequence of its severe losses.

On December 22 Colville was appointed to command the division,
Cole having gone home ill.

At Albuera Harvey was in command of the Portuguese brigade of
the division, to which 1st battalion Loyal Lusitanian Legion
had been added on March 14: by September this unit was renamed
7th Caçadores, the brigade was then again under Collins, who at
Albuera had led a provisional brigade from the Elvas garrison
[5th Line, 5th Caçadores].

_5th Division._ From February 1 to February 6 the division was
without a G.O.C., Leith being absent: on February 6, Erskine
was appointed to command it, but was transferred to the command
of the advanced guard (the Light Division and cavalry), from
March 7 to April 22. During this period Dunlop seems to have
commanded the division, Egerton of 2/44th commanding V B.

On May 11 Erskine was appointed to the 2nd Cavalry Division,
and Dunlop again had temporary command of the division until
October 2, when G. T. Walker was appointed to command his
brigade. By December 1 Leith was again in command of the
division.

On March 14 the 2nd Battalion Loyal Lusitanian Legion had been
added to Spry’s Portuguese brigade. By September it had been
renamed 8th Caçadores.

_6th Division._ Orders of March 5 directed the addition to the
division of a new brigade under Burne (of 1/36th), comprising
2nd and 1/36th.

It seems to have been intended to put the Brunswick Oels into
the 6th Division, but on the formation of the 7th Division
(March 5), they were put in C. Alten’s brigade.

On July 21 1/32nd, arrived at Lisbon before July 8, was posted
to VI B.

A. Campbell leaving for India in November, the division was
without a definite G.O.C. till the end of the year, Burne
commanding it temporarily.

On March 14 the Loyal Lusitanian Legion was removed from the
Portuguese brigade of the division, and distributed as Caçador
battalions to the 4th and 5th Divisions, being replaced by the
12th Line, formerly in Bradford’s brigade. At Fuentes Madden
commanded the brigade.

_Light Division._ Wynch dying January 6, the 2nd Brigade was
without a commander till February 7, when Drummond (of 1/52nd)
was appointed to it. Craufurd having gone home on leave before
February 8, the division had no G.O.C., but was under Erskine
from March 7 on, together with the Cavalry who also were in the
advanced guard.

On March 5 2/52nd, newly arrived at Lisbon, was added to
Drummond’s brigade.

R. Craufurd returned April 22 and took over the division from
Erskine.

By August 1 Beckwith had been invalided home, Andrew Barnard of
the 95th commanding the brigade in his place.

On August 21 the headquarters and four companies of the 3/95th,
which had gone out to Cadiz in 1810, arrived at Lisbon, and
were added to the 1st Brigade, the company 3/95th hitherto with
II A being also added to the same brigade.

Drummond dying before September 8, Vandeleur was appointed
to the vacant brigade on September 30. By October 1 another
company 2/95th had been added to the 1st Brigade.

_7th Division._ Orders were issued on March 5 for the formation
of this division, to be composed of two British brigades
under C. Alten and Long, and Coleman’s Portuguese, _i.e._
7th and 19th Line and 2nd Caçadores. The composition of the
British brigades is not given, but General Orders say that
the Brunswick Oels should be in Alten’s brigade, and the
Chasseurs Britanniques (arrived at Lisbon from Cadiz, January
28) in Long’s. The other regiments in the division were 51st
(arrived during February), 85th (arrived March 4), which were
in Long’s brigade, and the 1st and 2nd Light Battalions,
K.G.L., in Alten’s. These last only landed on March 21, and
did not join the division till it came down with Wellington
from Almeida to the Guadiana Valley for the second siege of
Badajoz. Till then they had been attached to the force under
Beresford: Schwertfeger (_Geschichte der K.G.L._, i. 317) says
the battalions formed part of the 2nd Division, but this does
not seem accurate. As they had no casualties at the siege of
Badajoz, in which the 7th Division suffered severely, one may
presume that they finally joined the division after the siege
was raised.

Thus the British brigade (at first there was only one) was
51st, 85th, Chasseurs Britanniques, Brunswick Oels. On March
31 Sontag was posted to it _vice_ Long, removed to command
Beresford’s cavalry, March 19.

On July 19 68th (just arrived) was posted to VII B.

Houston was invalided home before August 1, Sontag commanding
the division. By October he too was invalided (his A.D.C.
received orders to rejoin his regiment on October 29). Alten
was in temporary command, C. Halkett commanding his brigade.
VII B was without a G.O.C. from October 15 till de Bernewitz
got it on December 23.

On October 3 85th (a single-battalion regiment) was ordered to
go home to recruit.

Le Cor was posted to Coleman’s brigade on March 14; at Fuentes
Doyle had it.

_Portuguese._ No changes seem to have taken place in Hamilton’s
division, or in Pack’s brigade, but the other unattached
brigade was under McMahon in September, and included the 13th
and 22nd Line and 5th Caçadores, the 12th Line having been
transferred to the 6th Division.

[Sidenote: Organization on January 1, 1812]

1812.

On January 1 the organization of the Army was as follows:--

_Cavalry._ 1st Division. G.O.C., Cotton. B [Slade], 1st
Dragoons, 12th Light Dragoons; C [no G.O.C., G. Anson absent],
14th and 16th Light Dragoons; E [Cuming of 11th Light Dragoons
in absence of V. Alten], 11th Light Dragoons, 1st Hussars,
K.G.L.; A [no G.O.C., de Grey absent], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th
Dragoons; F [Le Marchant], 4th and 5th Dragoon Guards, 3rd
Dragoons.

_Cavalry._ 2nd Division. No G.O.C.; D [Long], 9th and 13th
Light Dragoons, 2nd Hussars, K.G.L.

_1st Division._ G.O.C., Graham. A [H. Campbell], 1st
Coldstreams, 1st Scots, 1 company 5/60th; B [? Blantyre for
Stopford], 2/24th, 1/26th, 2/42nd, 1/79th, 1 company 5/60th; C
[Löw], 1st, 2nd, and 5th Line, K.G.L.

_2nd Division._ G.O.C., Hill. A [Howard], 1/50th, 1/71st,
1/92nd 1 company 5/60th; B [Byng], 1/3rd, 1/57th, 1st
Provisional Battalion (i.e. 2/31st and 2/66th), 1 company
5/60th; C [Wilson], 1/28th, 2/34th, 1/39th, 1 company 5/60th;
also Ashworth’s Portuguese.

_3rd Division._ G.O.C., Picton. A [Mackinnon], 1/45th,
Headquarters 5/60th, 74th, 1/88th; B [J. Campbell for
Colville], 2/5th, 77th, 2/83rd, 94th; also Palmeirim’s
Portuguese.

_4th Division._ G.O.C., Colville (for Cole). A [Kemmis],
3/27th, 1/40th, 1 company 5/60th; B [? Pakenham], 1/7th,
1/23rd, 1/48th, 1 company Brunswick Oels; also Collins’
Portuguese.

_5th Division._ G.O.C., Leith. A [Hay], 3/1st, 1/9th, 2/38th,
1 company Brunswick Oels; B [Walker], 1/4th, 2/30th, 2/44th, 1
company Brunswick Oels; also Spry’s Portuguese.

_6th Division._ No G.O.C., Burne in temporary charge. A
[Hulse], 1/11th, 2/53rd, 1/61st, 1 company 5/60th; B [Burne],
2nd, 1/32nd, 1/36th; also Madden’s [?] Portuguese.

_7th Division._ No G.O.C., Alten in temporary charge. A [C.
Halkett for Alten], 1st and 2nd Light Battalions, K.G.L.,
Brunswick Oels; B [de Bernewitz], 51st, 68th, Chasseurs
Britanniques: also Coleman’s Portuguese.

_Light Division._ G.O.C., R. Craufurd. A [? Barnard], 1/43rd, 4
companies 1/95th, 2 companies 2/95th, 5 companies 3/95th, 1st
Caçadores; B [Vandeleur], 1/52nd, 2/52nd, 4 companies 1/95th,
3rd Caçadores.

_Portuguese._ Hamilton’s division, with brigades under Fonseca
and Arch. Campbell. Unattached brigades under Pack and McMahon.

Subsequent changes were:--

_Cavalry._ On January 1 the 1st and 2nd Dragoons, K.G.L., under
Bock arrived at Lisbon: they remained near there till March 12,
joining the army at Estremoz March 23, and being reckoned as
the 2nd Brigade (= G) of the 2nd Cavalry Division.

By January 8 V. Alten was again in command of his brigade.

Several changes took place under orders issued January 29; the
3rd and 4th Dragoon Guards were posted to Slade’s brigade, from
which the 12th Light Dragoons were removed to G. Anson’s, the
4th Dragoons replaced the 4th Dragoon Guards in Le Marchant’s,
and de Grey’s brigade disappeared. F. Ponsonby of the 12th
Light Dragoons took command of C in Anson’s absence.

By April 8 Erskine had resumed command of the 2nd Cavalry
Division, to which Slade’s brigade was transferred April 14,
Bock’s joining the 1st Division.

On July 1, an exchange was ordered between the 11th and 14th
Light Dragoons: G. Anson, who had resumed command of his
brigade, having 11th, 12th and 16th Light Dragoons, V. Alten
14th Light Dragoons and 1st Hussars, K.G.L.

At Salamanca Cotton was wounded, and Le Marchant killed. While
Cotton was disabled, Bock commanded the Cavalry, de Jonquières
having his brigade. W. Ponsonby, of 5th Dragoon Guards,
succeeded to Le Marchant’s brigade (by orders of July 23).
Cotton rejoined before October 15, but had to go home again
in December invalided. From August 1 V. Alten was absent, but
rejoined by the middle of September.

By Orders of October 17, 2nd Hussars, K.G.L., were transferred
to V. Alten’s brigade.

_1st Division._ Stopford resumed command of I B before February
1, but was gone again by April 8. On May 7 Wheatley was
appointed to command the brigade until Stopford’s return.

1/26th, being too sickly for field service, was out of I B
before March 8, being sent down to Lisbon, and thence to
Gibraltar to relieve 1/82nd. Their place in I B was taken by
1/42nd, just arrived from England and posted to I B April 23.
On May 19 2/42nd was ordered home, drafting its rank and file
into 1/42nd. 2/58th was posted to I B by Orders of April 2;
on June 1 its transfer to V B was ordered, but “orders will
hereafter be given as to the regiment joining the brigade.” It
seems to have remained with I B till after the retreat from
Burgos.

Graham going home ill July 6, H. Campbell was appointed to
command the division, Fermor getting I A.

Wheatley died September 1, Stirling (of 1/42nd) being appointed
to I B September 11.

On October 11 E. Paget was posted to command the division, but
he was taken prisoner November 17, his place being taken by W.
Stewart, who had just returned to the Peninsula.

After the retreat from Burgos the division was reorganized. A
new brigade of Guards was added, composed of 1/1st (Grenadier)
Guards, who arrived at Corunna from England October 1 and
joined the army on the Carrion October 24, and 3/1st Guards,
who had been at Cadiz, and came up to Madrid with Skerrett’s
column. This was ordered October 17, but cannot have been
carried out till later. On November 10 Howard was transferred
from II A to command this brigade. On November 11 Stirling’s
brigade was ordered to be removed to the 6th Division, the
company of 5/60th attached to it remaining in the 1st Division.
On December 6 the 1st and 2nd Light Battalions, K.G.L., were
removed from VII A to the K.G.L. brigade of the 1st Division.

_2nd Division._ In Orders of April 14, Tilson-Chowne (formerly
Tilson) was appointed to command the division, “under Hill,”
but though present at Almaraz in May does not seem to have been
present to the end of the year. Howard being transferred to the
1st Division, November 10, Cadogan (of 1/71st) took command of
II A.

_3rd Division._ At Ciudad Rodrigo Mackinnon was killed (January
19), his brigade going to Kempt—in Orders February 8.

At Badajoz Picton and Kempt were wounded (April 6), Wallace
taking over Kempt’s brigade, and also having temporary command
of the division when Picton was disabled: Forbes (of 1/45th)
then commanded III A.

After the fall of Badajoz 77th (a single battalion regiment)
was sent down to Lisbon, being much reduced.

On June 28 Pakenham was appointed to command “Colville’s
brigade in the 3rd Division,” _i.e._ III B. At Salamanca he
commanded the division, Picton having gone sick again, Wallace
and J. Campbell having the brigades.

1/5th, which arrived in May, was posted to III B June 1, both
battalions were at Salamanca, but on July 27 2/5th was drafted
into 1/5th, the skeleton going home in October.

By Orders of October 17 2/87th, which had come up from
Cadiz with Skerrett, was posted to III B, then still called
“Colville’s.”

Wallace was invalided home after the retreat from Burgos.

Pakenham was to retain command of the division till the return
of “Colville or some other” (_W. D._, v. 399), his name does
not appear in the States as commanding III B after November
1: Colville apparently came back before the end of the year:
_D. N. B._ says in October.

On April 8 Power took over the Portuguese brigade, Champlemond,
who had it _vice_ Palmeirim by March 17, having been wounded at
Badajoz: 12th Caçadores were added to it on April 8.

_4th Division._ On February 9, Bowes was appointed to command
“the brigade late under Pakenham,” _i.e._ IV B. In April
Colville was wounded at Badajoz, and the division was without a
G.O.C. till Cole returned—before July 8.

At Salamanca (July 22), Cole was wounded, and was absent in
consequence till October 15. In Cole’s absence W. Anson,
who was appointed to IV A April 9, would have commanded the
division. The vacancy in IV A was caused by the departure
of Kemmis—before April 1: at Badajoz Harcourt (of 1/40th)
commanded IV A.

Bowes was transferred to the 6th Division May 2, and it would
appear that Ellis (of 1/23rd) commanded IV B temporarily. He
certainly was in charge of it at Salamanca, and apparently kept
it till Skerrett took charge of it. It was then still described
as “Pakenham’s,” as was also the case as late as November 28.
Skerrett was appointed to it on October 17, but his force from
Cadiz only joined Hill on October 26, and the arrangements
ordered on October 17 can hardly have been carried out at once.

Skerrett’s brigade (3/1st Guards, 2/47th, 2/87th and 2
companies 2/95th) seems to have acted with IV after joining
Hill’s force, but was broken up when operations ceased.

Orders of October 17 directed 1/82nd, which had come up from
Gibraltar in June and was with the 4th Division at Madrid, to
join IV B, but the battalion was transferred to VII A by Orders
of November 28, the 20th which arrived in December being posted
to IV B instead. On 1/82nd joining, 1/48th was transferred to
IV A.

On December 6 the 2nd Provisional Battalion (_i.e._ 2nd and
1/53rd) was posted to IV A.

By Salamanca Stubbs had taken over command of the Portuguese
Brigade, which had been under Harvey by March 17 and at the
siege of Badajoz.

_5th Division._ At Badajoz Walker was wounded (April 6): his
brigade had no regular G.O.C. till Pringle was appointed to it
June 28.

On May 10 2/4th, arrived at Lisbon during April, was posted
to V B. In June 1/38th came out and was present at Salamanca,
apparently with V A, but it only appears as part of that
brigade in the “States” of August 8 and afterwards.

Orders of June 1 directed 2/58th to join V B, but the battalion
seems to have been with I B till reorganized as part of the 3rd
Provisional Battalion in December.

Hay was absent from June 8, Greville of 1/38th commanding the
brigade till July 31, when Hulse was transferred to it. Hulse
must have also commanded the division, as Leith was wounded
at Salamanca and invalided home. Hulse dying (September 6),
Pringle commanded the division, until Oswald was appointed to
it (October 25), when Pringle reverted to his brigade, of which
Brooke (of 4th) had been in command.

Orders of June 18 directed 1/9th to exchange with 2/30th and
2/44th, but these were cancelled June 28. E. Barnes was in
Orders to command V A October 28, but seems to have been with
the brigade at Villa Muriel three days earlier. On December
6 he was transferred to VII A. Hay appears to have returned
before December 31.

On December 6 Orders directed the drafting 2/4th into 1/4th
and 2/38th into 1/38th, the skeletons being sent home, also
for forming 2/30th and 2/44th into a Provisional Battalion,
the 4th. By Orders of October 17 2/47th of Skerrett’s column
had been posted to V B, which was then described as Walker’s
brigade.

_6th Division._ On February 9 H. Clinton was appointed to
command the division.

By April 1 VI B was without a brigadier: Bowes was appointed
to it May 2, but he was killed in the attack on the Salamanca
forts (June 24). On this Hinde, of 32nd, commanded the brigade,
being appointed definitely to it September 30, but ante-dated
to June.

On Hulse being transferred to V A, July 31, VI A was without a
brigadier, Bingham, of 2/53rd, being actually in command, until
the amalgamation of the two brigades by Orders of November
11. At the same time Stirling’s brigade was transferred from
the 1st Division to the 6th, 1/91st, which arrived at Corunna
October 8, being added to it by Orders of November 28—it
actually joined December 14.

On December 6 orders were issued for the formation of 2nd and
2/53rd as the 2nd Provisional Battalion, and of 2/24th, and
2/58th as the 3rd Provisional Battalion, and for their transfer
to IV A and VII A respectively.

The Portuguese Brigade was under Eben till April 30, when the
Conde de Rezende took command. It was joined by 9th Caçadores
on April 10. Rezende was invalided in November, and succeeded
by Madden.

_7th Division._ On May 2 Alten was transferred to command the
Light Division: John Hope being given command of the 7th.
Halkett of 2nd Light Battalion, K.G.L. seems to have commanded
VII A, though in the “States” no brigadier is named from May 2
till December 6, when E. Barnes was appointed to it.

Hope having to quit the army on account of his health September
23, the division had no G.O.C. till October 25, when Lord
Dalhousie was appointed to it, having been put on the Staff of
the Army September 12.

On November 28, 1/6th, newly arrived from England, was added to
VII A, then called “Colonel Halkett’s,” and 1/82nd, from IV B,
was added to VII B.

Orders of December 6 directed the transfer of the Light
Battalions, K.G.L., to the 1st Division, the 3rd Provisional
Battalion (_i.e._ 2/24th and 2/58th) being added to VII A.

The Portuguese Brigade was under Palmeirim in March: later it
seems to have been under Doyle of the 19th Line.

_Light Division._ At Ciudad Rodrigo (January 19), Craufurd was
killed, and Vandeleur wounded; Barnard then took command of the
division, and Gibbs of 1/52nd of the 2nd Brigade. By April 15
Vandeleur had resumed command, 2/52nd was drafted to 1/52nd by
Orders of February 23, the skeleton being sent home.

On May 2 C. Alten received command of the division.

By May 8 1/95th had been united in the 2nd Brigade, but Orders
of August 24 again divided it, 3 companies in each brigade:
before the end of the year it was again united and placed in
the 1st Brigade.

Two more companies 2/95th came out from England in May, and
joined those already out, the four being in the 2nd Brigade.
Two more came up from Cadiz with Skerrett, and joined the
brigade.

3/95th seems to have been transferred temporarily to the 2nd
Brigade, but was back in the 1st by the end of the year.

The 20th Portuguese, which had come up with Skerrett, were
posted to “Beckwith’s brigade,” October 17.

_Portuguese._ In April, 1812, Power had replaced Arch. Campbell
in command of the 4th Brigade, while Bradford had the 11th
_vice_ McMahon: this now included the 5th Caçadores, 13th and
24th Line.

By July Power had exchanged the 4th Brigade for the 8th, which
was in the 3rd Division. A. Campbell would seem to have again
commanded the 4th, to which on April 8 the 10th Caçadores were
added.

[Sidenote: Changes in 1813]

1813.

On January 1 the Army was organized as follows:--

_Cavalry._ 1st Division. No G.O.C., Cotton absent. F [W.
Ponsonby], 5th Dragoon Guards, 3rd and 4th Dragoons; C [G.
Anson], 11th, 12th, and 16th Light Dragoons; E [V. Alten], 14th
Light Dragoons, 1st and 2nd K.G.L. Hussars; G [Bock], 1st and
2nd K.G.L. Dragoons.

_Cavalry._ 2nd Division. No G.O.C. B [Slade], 3rd and 4th
Dragoon Guards, 1st Dragoons; D [Long], 9th and 13th Light
Dragoons.

_1st Division._ G.O.C., W. Stewart. A [Howard], 1/1st Guards,
3/1st Guards, 1 company 5/60th; B [Fermor], 1st Coldstreams,
1st Scots, 1 company 5/60th; C [Löw], 1st, 2nd, and 5th Line,
K.G.L., 1st and 2nd Light Battalions, K.G.L.[350]

_2nd Division._ G.O.C., Hill. A [Cadogan], 1/50th, 1/71st,
1/92nd, 1 company 5/60th; B [Byng], 1/3rd, 1/57th, 1st
Provisional Battalion (= 2/31st and 2/66th), 1 company 5/60th;
C [Wilson], 1/28th, 2/34th, 1/39th, 1 company 5/60th; also
Ashworth’s Portuguese.

_3rd Division._ G.O.C.,? Pakenham. A [no brigadier], 1/45th,
headquarters 5/60th, 74th, 1/88th; B [J. Campbell for
Colville], 1/5th, 2/83rd, 2/87th, 94th; also Power’s Portuguese.

_4th Division._ G.O.C., Cole. A [W. Anson], 3/27th, 1/40th,
1/48th, 2nd Provisional Battalion (= 2nd and 2/53rd), 1 company
5/60th; B [Skerrett], 1/7th, 20th, 1/23rd, 1 company Brunswick
Oels; also Stubbs’ Portuguese.

_5th Division._ G.O.C.,? Hay, acting. A [Hay], 3/1st, 1/9th,
1/38th, 1 company Brunswick Oels; B [Pringle], 1/4th, 2/47th,
4th Provisional Battalion (= 2/30th and 2/44th), 1 company
Brunswick Oels; also Spry’s Portuguese.

_6th Division._ G.O.C., H. Clinton. A [Stirling], 1/42nd,
1/79th, 1/91st, 1 company 5/60th; B [Hinde], 1/11th, 1/32nd,
1/36th, 1/61st; also Madden’s Portuguese.

_7th Division._ G.O.C., Dalhousie. A [Barnes], 1/6th, 3rd
Provisional Battalion (= 2/24th and 2/58th), Headquarters and 9
companies Brunswick Oels; B [de Bernewitz], 51st, 68th, 1/82nd;
Chasseurs Britanniques; also Doyle’s Portuguese.

_Light Division._ G.O.C., C. Alten. A [no brigadier present:
still called Beckwith’s], 1/43rd, 1/95th, 3/95th, 1st
Caçadores; B [Vandeleur], 1/52nd, 2/95th, 3rd Caçadores,? 20th
Portuguese.

_Portuguese._ Hamilton’s division, brigades under (?) Fonseca
and Campbell. Unattached brigades, Pack’s and Bradford’s.

Subsequent changes were:--

_Cavalry._ By January 25 a new brigade (H) was added, composed
of two squadrons each of 1st and 2nd Life Guards and Royal
Horse Guards, O’Loghlin had apparently been appointed to
command it, but by Orders of November 28, 1812, F. S. Rebow
was appointed to command it in his place. It ranked as 3rd
Brigade, 2nd Division, but was transferred to the 1st on
February 5. In March it was under Sir Robert Hill, Rebow having
gone home.

Orders of March 13 directed the distribution among the
regiments remaining in the Peninsula of the horses of 4th
Dragoon Guards, 9th and 11th Light Dragoons, and 2nd K.G.L.
Hussars, these regiments going home. Their place was taken by
a new brigade (I), under Colquhoun Grant, of 15th Hussars,
composed of the 10th, 15th and 18th Hussars: this first appears
in the “States” on April 15.

Orders were issued April 21 for the amalgamation of the two
divisions, “under the command of Sir S. Cotton”: Cotton did
not, however, rejoin till June 25, and in his absence Bock
seems to have commanded the cavalry, his brigade being under
Bülow.

On May 20 Fane, appointed a Major-General on the Staff April
24, was given B vice Slade, who had been ordered home April 23.

On July 2 orders were issued to transfer the 18th Hussars to V.
Alten’s brigade, vice the 14th Light Dragoons moved to Long’s,
which had been reduced to one regiment by the departure of
the 9th Light Dragoons (out of the “States” by April 4). Lord
E. Somerset at the same time was given command of the Hussar
brigade _vice_ Grant and Vandeleur, that of C _vice_ G. Anson,
removed to the Home Staff.

On September 6 Grant was appointed to take over Long’s
brigade, Long having apparently gone home before the battles
of the Pyrenees, as his name was not among the commanders of
Cavalry brigades thanked by Parliament on November 8 for those
operations. On November 24 Hussey Vivian was appointed to take
Grant’s place.

7th Hussars arrived in Spain in September, and were added to
the Hussar brigade. They would seem to have been with the
brigade by October 21, but were not in Orders till November 24.

In October O’Loghlin seems to have taken over the Household
Brigade, he had been placed on the Staff June 17.

_1st Division._ In March Howard replaced W. Stewart in command,
but on May 19 Graham was appointed to command the division
Howard acting as his assistant while Graham commanded the left
wing of the army. On October 8 Graham resigned command and went
home ill. Sir John Hope[351] took his place: he was placed on
the Staff October 10, as from September 25.

While Howard commanded the division his brigade was under
Lambert; it missed Vittoria, being too sickly to take the field
with the army and only joined in August.

On July 2 Lambert was transferred to VI B, and Maitland got the
brigade.

Löw went home May 6, the K.G.L. being certainly one brigade
only at Vittoria, where Halkett commanded them.

Lord Aylmer’s brigade (76th, 2/84th and 85th) which is first
mentioned in Orders on July 23, and joined the army during
August, may be reckoned as part of the 1st Division with which
it always acted. By Orders of October 17 2/62nd was added to it
vice 2/84th transferred to V B. On November 24 the 77th (from
Lisbon) was added to it.

On October 20 Hinüber was appointed to command the K.G.L.
infantry.

_2nd Division._ On March 25 W. Stewart was appointed to command
the division “under Hill’s direction.” At the same time G. T.
Walker got Howard’s brigade, on the latter taking over the 1st
Division from Stewart.

Wilson died in January and O’Callaghan of 39th commanded the
brigade till July 23, when Pringle was appointed to it. On May
1 Wellington had written that he was keeping it vacant for
Oswald, should Leith come out and take over the 5th Division.

At Vittoria Cadogan was killed and J. Cameron of 92nd took
over II A; he was wounded at Maya (July 25), and Fitzgerald of
5/60th commanded, till Walker actually joined in August. On
November 18 Walker was transferred to command the 7th Division,
Barnes being appointed to II A November 20.

_3rd Division._ Pakenham was transferred to the 6th Division
January 26, the division being under Colville who had returned
before that date. Picton rejoined in May, Colville reverting
to the command of his brigade. Picton was again absent from
September 8, but returned just before the end of the year.
Colville was in command at the Nivelle (November), but was
transferred to command the 5th Division, when Picton came back
in December.

The 11th Caçadores were posted to Power’s brigade before April
26, taking the place of the 12th.

Brisbane, appointed to Staff of Army January 7, was given
command of III A, _vice_ Kempt, March 25.

Colville being given temporary command of the 6th Division on
August 8, Keane commanded III B, as also when Colville came
back to the division.

_4th Division._ By Orders of July 2 Skerrett was transferred to
the Light Division, his brigade going to Ross of 20th.

By September 1 the Portuguese brigade was under Miller: at the
Nivelle (November 10) Vasconcellos had it.

_5th Division._ While Hay commanded the division Greville of
38th had his brigade. In April Oswald took over the division
and commanded it till Leith returned—August 30. Leith was
wounded at San Sebastian on September 1, and Oswald again took
command; but at the Bidassoa, (October 9) Hay was in command,
Greville having V A. On March 9 Robinson was appointed to
“Walker’s brigade,” _i.e._ V B.

On April 12 2/59th from Cadiz was added to V B; on May 10
the 4th Provisional Battalion was ordered to return home. On
October 17 2/84th from Lord Aylmer’s brigade was added to V B,
2/47th being transferred to V A. Robinson was wounded before
Bayonne December 10, and his successor, Piper of 4th, being
wounded next day the command passed to Tonson of 2/84th.

At the passage of the Bidassoa the Portuguese brigade was
commanded by de Regoa and until the end of the year.

_6th Division._ On January 26 Pakenham was appointed to command
the division in Clinton’s absence. On June 25 he was appointed
Adjutant-General, and Clinton returned and resumed command. By
July 22 Clinton was again absent, Pack getting the division.
At Sorauren (July 28) Pack was wounded, and Pakenham took over
the division temporarily, giving it over to Colville before
August 8, Colville seems to have still been in command at the
passage of the Bidassoa (October 9), but Clinton then returned,
Colville reverting to the 3rd Division.

Pack had been appointed to command VI A, _vice_ Stirling,
July 2, Lambert at the same time getting VI B, _vice_ Hinde.
Stirling commanded VI A when Pack got the division, but went
home in October.

The Portuguese brigade was under the command of Madden till the
autumn: Douglas of the 8th Line had it at the Nivelle.

_7th Division._ By April 16 de Bernewitz was no longer in
command of his brigade, to which Inglis was appointed May 21,
though at Vittoria Grant of 1/82nd commanded it, but Inglis
took charge before the Pyrenees.

Le Cor received command of the Portuguese brigade on March 9.
When he was promoted in November Doyle had it.

Dalhousie went home after the Bidassoa, October 9, and at the
Nivelle (November 9) Le Cor was in command. On November 18
G. T. Walker was given command “in Dalhousie’s absence.” Le Cor
would seem to have been transferred to command the Portuguese
division formerly under Hamilton.

On Barnes returning to the 2nd Division November 20, his
brigade seems to have gone to Gardiner.

_Light Division._ On March 23 Kempt was appointed to A. On July
2 Vandeleur was transferred to a cavalry brigade, Skerrett
getting B. At the passage of the Bidassoa and to the end of the
year Colborne of 52nd was in command of B, vice Skerrett, who
went home in September.

The 20th Portuguese never joined the division: in place of them
on April 26 the 17th Portuguese appear in its “State.”

_Portuguese._ Hamilton had had to give up command of his
Portuguese division in February, owing to ill-health, upon
which it was under Silveira, the brigades being under Da
Costa and Campbell during the battles of the Pyrenees. By
the passage of the Nivelle (November 9) Hamilton was again in
command, Buchan had Da Costa’s brigade, but during the fighting
on the Nive (December 9–11), Le Cor had the division and Buchan
and Da Costa the brigades. Buchan was ordered to transfer
himself to the Portuguese Brigade of the 7th Division on Nov.
9, but this move was countermanded.

When Pack was moved to a British command (July 2) his brigade
went to Wilson, who commanded it at the Bidassoa, but had been
replaced by A. Campbell by the Nive (December 9), Wilson having
been wounded November 18.

Bradford seems to have retained the other unattached brigade
all the year.

[Sidenote: Organization on Jan. 1, 1814]

1814.

On January 1 the organization was as follows:--

_Cavalry._ G.O.C., Cotton. I [O’Loghlin], 1st and 2nd Life
Guards, R.H.G.; F [W. Ponsonby], 5th Dragoon Guards, 3rd and
4th Dragoons; C [Vandeleur], 12th and 16th Light Dragoons; D
[Vivian], 13th and 14th Light Dragoons; E [V. Alten], 18th
Hussars, 1st K.G.L. Hussars; G [Bock], 1st and 2nd K.G.L.
Dragoons; B [Fane], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 1st Dragoons; H
[Somerset], 7th, 10th and 15th Hussars.

_1st Division._ G.O.C., Hope, with Howard as assistant; A
[Maitland for Howard], 1/1st Guards, 3/1st Guards, 1 company
5/60th; B [Stopford], 1st Coldstreams, 1st Scots, 1 company
5/60th; C [Hinüber], 1st, 2nd and 5th Line, K.G.L.; 1st and 2nd
Light Battalions, K.G.L.; D [Aylmer], 2/62nd, 76th, 77th, 85th.

_2nd Division._ G.O.C., W. Stewart. A [Barnes], 1/50th,
1/71st, 1/92nd, 1 company 5/60th; B [Byng], 1/3rd, 1/57th, 1st
Provisional Battalion (2/31st and 2/66th), 1 company 5/60th;
C [Pringle], 1/28th, 2/34th, 1/39th, 1 company 5/60th; also
Ashworth’s Portuguese.

_3rd Division._ G.O.C., Picton. A [Brisbane], 1/45th,
Headquarters 5/60th, 74th, 1/88th; B [Keane], 1/5th, 2/83rd,
2/87th, 94th; also Power’s Portuguese.

_4th Division._ G.O.C., Cole. A [W. Anson], 3/27th, 1/40th,
1/48th, 2nd Provisional Battalion (2nd and 2/53rd), 1 company
Brunswick Oels; B [Ross], 1/7th, 1/20th, 1/23rd, 1 company
5/60th; also Vasconcellos’ Portuguese.

_5th Division._ G.O.C., Colville. A [Hay], 3/1st, 1/9th,
1/38th, 2/47th, 1 company Brunswick Oels; B [Robinson], 1/4th,
2/59th, 2/84th, 1 company Brunswick Oels; also de Regoa’s
Portuguese.

_6th Division._ G.O.C., Clinton. A [Pack], 1/42nd, 1/79th,
1/91st, 1 company 5/60th; B [Lambert], 1/11th, 1/32nd, 1/36th,
1/61st; also Douglas’ Portuguese.

_7th Division._ G.O.C., Walker. A [Gardiner], 1/6th, 3rd
Provisional Battalion (2/24th and 2/58th), Headquarters
Brunswick Oels; B [Inglis], 51st, 68th, 1/82nd, Chasseurs
Britanniques; also Doyle’s Portuguese.

_Light Division._ G.O.C., C. Alten. A [Kempt], 1/43rd, 1/95th,
3/95th, 1st Caçadores; B [Colborne], 1/52nd, 2/95th, 3rd
Caçadores, 17th Portuguese.

_Portuguese._ Le Cor’s division, with Da Costa and Buchan
commanding brigades. Unattached brigades under A. Campbell and
Bradford.

Subsequent changes were:--

_Cavalry._ By January 16 several changes had taken place: V.
Alten had gone and Vivian had been transferred to his brigade,
Fane having transferred from B to D (late Vivian’s). Bock also
went (he was drowned off the coast of Brittany in February)
about the same time.

From January 25 W. Ponsonby was absent, Lord C. Manners of 3rd
Dragoons commanding his brigade.

By March 25 Arentschildt (of 1st K.G.L. Hussars) had been
given Bock’s old brigade: on Vivian being wounded (April 8)
Arentschildt was transferred to E, and Bülow got the “German
Heavy Brigade.”

Fane’s name appears in the “States” both as commanding B and
D. According to the _Regimental History of the 14th Hussars_
(by Col. H. B. Hamilton) he commanded both, working them
practically as a division, the brigades being respectively
commanded by Clifton of the Royals (B), and Doherty of the 13th
Light Dragoons (D).

_1st Division._ 1/37th joined Aylmer’s brigade before March 25.
On April 14 Stopford was wounded at Bayonne and his division
went to Guise.

_2nd Division._ On February 15 Pringle was wounded and
O’Callaghan commanded the brigade.

It was arranged that when Lord Dalhousie rejoined, and resumed
command of the 7th Division, Walker should revert to II A and
Barnes take over III B, but Walker was wounded at Orthez and
went home, so the arrangement was never carried out.

By January 16 Harding had replaced Ashworth in command of the
5th Portuguese brigade.

_3rd Division._ No changes: Brisbane was slightly wounded at
Toulouse.

_4th Division._ Ross was wounded at Orthez (February 27) and
the brigade was without a G.O.C.

_5th Division._ After February 1 Robinson was absent. Hay was
killed before Bayonne April 14.

_6th Division._ Pack was wounded at Toulouse, as was also
Douglas.

1/32nd missed Toulouse, being at San Jean de Luz refitting.

_7th Division._ Walker was wounded at Orthez and went home:
Dalhousie arriving almost immediately after the battle and
resuming command.

By January 16, the Portuguese brigade was under Doyle (he may
have got it when Le Cor obtained command of the Portuguese
division.)

_Light Division._ 1/43rd and 1/95th both missed Orthez, being
away refitting.

_Portuguese._ Da Costa was ordered back to Portugal before
March 15.