Chapter XXVI: Appendix: III (2)

[283] For details see Donaldson’s _Eventful Life of a Soldier_, pp. 231, 232.

[284] _History of the Peninsular War_, vol. iv. p. 276. Also mentioned in Tomkinson’s _Diary_, p. 185.

[285] _Memoirs of Lejeune_, vol. ii. p. 108. I am a little inclined to think that this may have been the household establishment of Hill’s senior aide-de-camp, Currie, as the sight was seen by Lejeune in the Elvas-Olivenza direction, where the 2nd division was then quartered.

[286] See Dickson Papers I., p. 448.

[287] This letter, found among Lord Liverpool’s papers in 1869, was communicated to me by Mr. F. Turner of Frome.

[288] See Connolly’s _Royal Sappers and Miners_, pp. 187–8 and 194.

[289] Jones, _Sieges of the Peninsula_, i. p. 169.

[290] _General Orders_, p. 275.

[291] Jones’ _Sieges of the Peninsula_, ii. p. 97.

[292] Grattan’s _With the Connaught Rangers_, pp. 193, 194.

[293] Grattan, dealing with the Storm of Rodrigo, p. 145.

[294] Sergeant Donaldson, p. 155: he is speaking of the last assault on Badajoz.

[295] Instead of the brass plate with regimental badge or number, the Light infantry and rifles had only a bugle-horn.

[296] Light infantry had a small green tuft on the front of the shako; regiments of the rest of the line a larger upright plume fixed on the side.

[297] Cooke of the 43rd says (in his _Narrative of Events in the South of France_, p. 67) that “distorted by alternate rain and sunshine, as well as by having served as pillows and nightcaps, our caps had assumed the most monstrous and grotesque shapes.”

[298] Grattan’s _Connaught Rangers_, p. 51.

[299] See Leslie’s edition of the _Dickson Papers_, ii. p. 994.

[300] _Memoirs of Captain Ellers_, p. 124 (dealing with the year 1800). “He never wore powder though it was the regulation to do so. His hair was cropped close. I have heard him say that hair powder was very prejudicial to the health, as impeding perspiration, and he was no doubt right.”

[301] See for example the description of the 43rd preparing to storm Rodrigo, in Grattan, p. 145.

[302] _Military Journal of Col. Leslie of Balquhain_, p. 229.

[303] _Memoirs of Captain Cooke_, ii. p. 76.

[304] 7th, 10th, 15th Hussars. The 18th were still called Light Dragoons in 1808.

[305] In April, 1813, 10th, 15th, 18th Hussars, the 7th Hussars followed in September of the same year.

[306] Ker-Porter’s _Letters from Portugal and Spain, 1808–9_, p. 219.

[307] The Royal Military Artificers were wearing in the early years of the century a most extraordinary and ugly head-dress, a tall top-hat with brim, looking more fit for civilian’s wear, and having nothing military about it except the “shaving-brush” stuck at one side. It was not unlike, however, the hat of the Marines. For illustration of it see the plates in Connolly’s _History of the Royal Sappers and Miners_, vol. i.

[308] There are plenty of stories about him in Grattan’s _With the Connaught Rangers_. This one, however, is from Bell’s _Rough Notes_, i. 95.

[309] See the letter in General Rigaud’s _History of the 5/60th_.

[310] See illustration in Plate 8 of a sergeant and private in winter marching order.

[311] There is a curious anecdote in the diary (p. 28) of Cooper of the 1/7th, of a sergeant, who, running with the point of his pike low, caught it in the ground, and fell forward on its butt-end, which went right through his body.

[312] _E.g._ there is a Waterloo story of a sergeant of the 18th Hussars, who long engaged with a cuirassier, and unable to get at him because of his armour and helm, ultimately killed him with a thrust in the mouth. I should not like to take it as certain.

[313] For ample details about them see Mr. Milne’s _Standards and Colours of the Army_, Leeds, 1893.

[314] _Autobiography of Sergt. Lawrence_, p. 239.

[315] See above, p. 161.

[316] See p. 283.

[317] Cf. p. 266 above.

[318] Hennegan’s _Seven Years’ Campaigning_, i. p. 52.

[319] Dallas was taking care of the brigade of Skerrett, then marching (Oct., 1812) from Seville to Aranjuez, right across Central Spain.

[320] Autobiography of the Rev. Alexander Dallas, London, 1871, pp. 59, 60.

[321] For the maddening delays, caused by the impossibility of finding a mule-train ready to go back to the front, a good example may be found in the autobiography of Quartermaster Surtees of the 95th, stranded at Abrantes for unending weeks in the late autumn of 1812 with the new clothing of his battalion, which (as he knew) was suffering bitterly for want of it.

[322] See Donaldson’s _Eventful Life of a Soldier_, pp. 219, 220.

[323] Surtees’s _Twenty-five Years in the Rifle Brigade_, pp. 173, 175.

[324] From _Travels and Adventures of Bugler William Green, late of the Rifle Brigade_, Coventry, 1857—a most interesting little book.

[325] _Memoirs of John Stevenson, 3rd Foot Guards_, p. 191.

[326] Recorded in Tancred’s _Historical Medals_: for details see Stevenson, as also the _Life of a Scottish Soldier_, which is a 71st book (p. 118).

[327] The absurd semi-religious correspondence of the Duke and ‘Miss J.’ in the 1840’s, published some ten years back may be remembered.

[328] Sir H. Calvert, Adjutant General, to Wellington, 8th November, 1811.

[329] See Stevenson, p. 172.

[330] Surtees, pp. 177–9.

[331] For the “Belemites” see above, pp. 204–5.

[332] Who “never went into action without subjecting himself to a strict self-examination, when after having (as he humbly hoped) made his peace with God, he left the result in His hands with perfect confidence that He will determine what is best for him.”—See Cole’s _Peninsular Generals_, ii. 292.

[333] In 1809 the 14th, formerly Bedfordshire, took the Territorial Designation of Bucks; and the 16th, formerly Bucks, became Beds.

[334] Of these 25, twenty had been with Moore’s army in the Corunna Retreat, and 23 went to Walcheren.

[335] Of these 42, seven had been with Moore’s army in the Corunna Retreat, and 14 went to Walcheren.

[336] Of these 11, three (l/43rd, 1/52nd, 1/95th) had been with Moore’s army.

[337] Of these 3, one (3/1st) had been with Moore’s army in the Corunna Retreat and went to Walcheren.

[338] 9th, 30th, 47th, 48th, 53rd, 56th, 83rd, 84th, 87th. The 83rd was far over this figure, 2461, a wholly exceptional strength.

[339] 4th, 5th, 7th, 11th, 23rd, 24th, 28th, 31st, 42nd, 43rd, 44th, 52nd, 66th, 67th, 81st, 88th, 89th.

[340] 6th, 21st, 32nd, 34th, 35th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 50th, 58th, 61st, 71st, 78th, 79th, 82nd, 92nd.

[341] 3rd, 8th, 10th, 18th, 26th, 36th, 45th, 57th, 62nd, 63rd, 72nd, 90th.

[342] 15th, 25th, 59th, 69th, 73rd, 91st, 96th.

[343] 13th, 17th, 29th, 76th, 80th, 93rd.

[344] 2nd, 12th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 33rd, 49th, 51st, 64th, 97th, 90th, 101st, 102nd.

[345] 37th, 41st, 54th, 55th, 65th, 68th, 70th, 74th, 75th, 77th, 85th, 86th, 94th, 99th, 100th.

[346] 16th, 46th, 103rd.

[347] The 94th went out to Cadiz in 1810; the 75th, not long back from India, was very weak and did not go on foreign service (Sicily) till 1812.

[348] This brigade was added to IV on January 2.

[349] These regiments had arrived at Lisbon in April, but having been at Walcheren were not at first sent into the field till July, since the 8th of which month they had been shown as a brigade under Leith.

[350] Some accounts represent the Light Battalions as forming a separate brigade under Halkett.

[351] Not the same man who commanded the 7th Division in 1812, but the 1st Earl of Hopetoun.

INDEX

A.

Abrantes, importance of, as a depôt, 311

Accursio das Neves, José, Portuguese historian, 21

Adjutant-General, office and duties of, in Wellington’s army, 156–7

Albuera, battle of, strictures on Napier’s account of, 2;
use of the _ordre mixte_ by the French at, 85, 86;
Blakeney’s account of, 86;
W. Stewart’s blunder at, 88;
Beresford’s mistakes at, 120;
losses at, 190;
gallant behaviour of Harvey’s brigade at, 234

Americans, the Royal, or 60th Foot, their rifle-battalion, 75,
227–228;
its uniform, 300

American War of 1775–82, use of light troops in, 75

American War of 1812–14, its influence on the Peninsular War, 308

_Archives de la Guerre_, French military documents at, 16

_Archives Nationales_, French military documents at, 16

Arroyo dos Molinos, surprise of the French at, 109, 117

Arteche, General, his History of the Peninsular War, 38

Artificers, the Royal Military, 281;
reorganized as Sappers and Miners, 285–6;
uniform of, 299

Artillery, Wellington’s use of, 113;
distribution of, in divisions, 176;
weakness of, in Wellington’s army, 281;
use of, in sieges, 281–3;
uniform of, 298

Auxiliary troops, the German and Portuguese, with Wellington’s army,
220–36

B.

Badajoz, gallant services of Engineers at, 47, 48;
storming of, 57;
Picton at, 135;
sack of, 213, 290;
sieges of, 281–3, 284–5, 289

Baggage, with the British army, 268–71

Baird, General Sir David, his despatches in the Record Office, 15

“Baker Rifle,” the, 302–3

Barnard, Colonel Sir Andrew, commands Light Division after Craufurd’s
death, 197–8

Barquilla, combat of, 100

Bathurst, Lieut.-Col. James, Military Secretary to Wellington, 153

Battalions, establishment of the various, in the British army, 178–81;
_and see_ Appendix I

Beamish, Major Ludlow, his _History of the King’s German Legion_, 34;
his description of combat of Garcia Hernandez, 101, 221

Beckwith, Colonel John, his dealings with the Waldenses, 331

“Belemites,” or “Belem Rangers,” the, 204, 328

Bell, Sir George, his _Rough Notes of Fifty Years’ Service_, 24, 254;
his description of soldiers’ wives, 274–5

Bell, Sir John, his notes on Craufurd’s march to Talavera, 24

Belmas, Colonel, his _Journaux des Sièges dans la Peninsule,
1807–13_, 21

Bentinck, Lord W., his dispatches, 15

Beresford, William Carr, Lord, his strictures on Napier’s _History_, 2;
his General Orders for the Portuguese Army, 13;
account of, by Cole, 36;
Wellington’s regard for, 46;
his character and capacity, 119;
reorganizes the Portuguese army, 119–20, 231–3;
Wellington’s confidence in, 120

Blakeney, Captain Robert, 28th Foot, his Autobiography, _A Boy in the
Peninsular War_, 22, 25, 28, 29, 200

Blakeney, Colonel T., 7th Foot, his account of Albuera, 86

Blakiston, Major John, his _Memoirs_, 35

Blayney, Lord, his MS. at the Record Office, 15

Bock, General, his mismanagement of cavalry at Venta del Pozo, 108;
his exploit at Garcia Hernandez, 176, 224

Boothby, Captain Charles, R.E., his diaries, 7, 34, 331

Botelho, Major Texiera, his history of Portuguese Artillery, 35

Borthwick, Major-General, chief of artillery, 158

Brigades, the, of Wellington’s army, their organization, 163–71;
_and see_ Appendix II

“Brown Bess” used in Peninsular army, 301

Brunswick Oels, regiment, history of, by Colonel Kortfleisch, 35;
used as light infantry, 76;
services of, in the Peninsula, 224, 225, 243

Bugeaud, Marshal, his account of an attack of column on line, 90–2

Bunbury, Colonel Thomas, Memoirs of, 35

Burgos, Wellington’s retreat from, 58, 59;
hardships of the retreat, 266, 267;
siege of, 286, 287

Bussaco, battle of, Wellington’s tactics at, 80, 89;
Craufurd’s tactics at, 145;
Light Division Caçadores at, 234

C.

Caçadores, Portuguese light battalions with British army, 83, 230;
uniform of, 301

Camp-followers, with the Peninsular army, 272–3

Camp-kettles, improvements in, 263

Campo-Mayor, cavalry charge at, 105

Canning, George, his correspondence with Wellington about the war, 52

Cannon, Richard, his edition of Regimental Histories, 32–3

_Capataz_, the Portuguese, 312–13

Cashiering, the punishment of, how earned, 238–40

Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount, his correspondence with Sir J.
Moore, 15, 183;
with Wellington, 50;
develops system of recruiting from the militia, 209

Cavalry, the, Wellington’s tactics, 94;
difficulties of, in the Peninsula, 95–7;
French tactics, 97–102;
Wellington’s use of, 102–4;
his remarks on British cavalry, 104, 109;
shortcomings of British cavalry leaders, 106;
Wellington’s “Instructions” for, 111, 112;
strength of, in Wellington’s army, 191–4;
uniforms of, 296–8

Chaplains, army, their shortcomings, Wellington asks for adequate
establishment of, 325–6

_Chasseurs Britanniques_, no History of, 35;
services of, 76, 86–7;
formation and doings of, 225–7;
desertion prevalent in, 243

Cimitière, Captain, command of a brigade devolved on, after
Albuera, 196–7

Ciudad Rodrigo, storming of, 57;
Craufurd slain at, 146;
sack of, 213;
siege of, 283, 289

Cocked hat, the, disused by regimental officers, 293–4;
worn by heavy dragoons, 296;
by doctors and commissaries, 299

“Conversion,” some anecdotes concerning, 322–4

Corporal punishment, Wellington on, 43;
details of, 148, 237–8, 251–4

Clerc, Commandant, his account of Soult’s Pyrenean campaign, 38

Coa, combat of the, 144

Coiners in the army, 214

Colborne, Sir John, Lord Seaton, Life of, by Moore Smith, 37;
his remarks on Wellington’s Waterloo dispatch, 48;
commands brigade at Albuera, 197;
his remarks on the system of recruiting, 212;
his religious character, 330

Cole, J. W., his _Memoirs of British Generals_, 36

Cole, General Sir Lowry, his controversy with Napier, 2;
his achievement at Albuera, 150

Combermere, Lord. _See_ Cotton

Commissariat Department, importance of, 161;
management of, in Wellington’s army, 307–19

Commissary-General, his duties, 161, 311–14

Connaught Rangers, feud of, with Picton, 133;
anecdotes of, 246–7

Connolly, T., his _History of the Royal Sappers and Miners_, 34

Cooper, J., Sergeant 7th Foot, his _Seven Campaigns in Portugal_, 31

Cope, Sir W. H., his _History of the Rifle Brigade_, 33

Costello, Edward, his _Reminiscences_, 30

Cotton, Sir Stapleton, Lord Combermere, biography of, 36;
Wellington’s opinion of, 46;
his capacity as leader of cavalry, 103, 104, 106, 110, 176

Court-martials, character of, 241–8

Craufurd, General Robert, his treatment by Wellington, 46;
his abilities and career, 139–40;
captured at Buenos Ayres, 141;
commands the Light Division, 142–4, 167;
fights the combat of the Coa, 144;
his relations with Wellington, 145;
repulses Ney at Bussaco, 145;
his retreat at Fuentes de Oñoro, 145;
killed at Ciudad Rodrigo, 146;
incident at his funeral, 149;
institution of the Light Division, 168–9;
his arrangements for marching, 263

Crime in the army, 237–51

Currie, Captain R., his wife with the army, 276, 278, _note_.

D.

Dalbiac, Mrs., her adventures at Salamanca, 277

Dallas, Rev. Alexander, his diary, 7;
description of his commissariat work, 317;
takes orders, 331

Delafosse, Lemonnier, his _Souvenirs Militaires_, 31

Desertion, punishment of, 243;
prevalence of, in the foreign corps, 223, 225–6

Dickson, Colonel Sir Alexander, commands artillery, 158;
at the sieges of Badajoz, 281–3;
at Villa da Ponte, 312;
his papers edited by Major Leslie, 22, 34

D’Illens, Major A., his reminiscences of Soult’s campaigns, 32

Dispatches, the Wellington, 9–12;
Supplementary, 12

Divisions, the, of Wellington’s army, 163–77;
sobriquets of, 172;
_and see_ Appendix II

Donaldson, Sergeant Joseph, 94th Foot, his Reminiscences, 30;
anecdotes from, 249–50, 290, 322

Douro, river, importance of, as a line of supply, 312

Dragoons, uniform of, Heavy and Light, 296–7

Drill-books, the French, 63, 69;
the British, 77

Duels, in the Army, 201–2

Dumas, Colonel, his account of Soult’s campaign in the Pyrenees, 38

Dundas, Sir David, his views on tactics, 77

D’Urban, General Sir Benjamin, criticizes Napier, 2;
his memorandum on the Portuguese army, 233;
at Salamanca, 234;
his account of Majadahonda, 235

E.

El Bodon, retreat of British troops in square at, 100;
Grattan’s description of Picton at, 134

Elphinstone, Lieut.-Colonel, commands Royal Engineers, 158

Engineers, rank and file of, called “Royal Military Artificers,” and
later “Royal Sappers and Miners,” 281, 286;
weakness of Wellington’s army in, 281;
Wellington’s criticism of, 284–5

Erskine, General Sir William, Wellington’s mention of him in
dispatches, 47;
his blunders at Casal Novo and Sabugal, 151

Executions, by shooting, 243;
by hanging, 244

F.

Fantin des Odoards, General L., his Memoirs, 31

Fisher, Colonel G. B., chief of artillery, 158

Flanders, British campaigns of 1793–4 in, 4, 66, 74, 80

“Flankers,” use of, in the British army, 74–5

Fletcher, Colonel Richard, remarks on Wellington’s omission to mention
Engineers at Badajoz, 48;
Wellington’s instructions to, for Lines of Torres Vedras, 53;
commanding officer of Royal Engineers, 158

Forage, difficulty of providing, 112, 269

Fortescue, Hon. J., his _History of the British Army_, 38, 208

Foy, General M., his _Guerre de la Peninsule_, 19;
his Life, 19;
his estimate of English infantry, 20;
remarks on Wellington’s strategy at Salamanca, 58;
records Napoleon’s views on infantry tactics, 72;
his account of cavalry charge at Garcia Hernandez, 101;
his testimony to British officers, 204;
his description of the impedimenta with the British army on
the march, 268;
note of, on the British dragoon uniform, 297

Foz d’Arouce, Ney surprised at, 109

Framingham, Colonel H., chief of artillery, 158

Frederic the Great, infantry tactics of, 62;
followed by French, 63–5, 69–70;
his cavalry tactics, 97–8

French Revolutionary War, its importance in English history,
4, 5, 320–1;
tactics of the, 63–8

Fuente Guinaldo, Wellington’s tactics at, 55, 81

Fuentes de Oñoro, Wellington’s omission to mention artillery
service at, 47;
retreat of the Light Division at, 100;
cavalry at, 103;
Chasseurs Britanniques at, 227

Fusil, the, 302

G.

Garcia Hernandez, combat of, 101, 103, 224

Gardyne, Colonel, his _Life of a Regiment_, 33

“General Orders,” Wellington’s collection of, its value, 13;
Beresford’s for the Portuguese Army, 13

“Gentlemen Rankers,” notes on, 214–15

German Legion, the King’s, History of, by Major Beamish, 34;
by Captain Schwertfeger, 34;
Light Battalions of, 76;
dragoons of, at Garcia Hernandez, 101;
outpost work of its hussars, 111;
good management of their horses, 112;
under Craufurd, 143;
raised in 1804, 221;
in the Peninsula, 222–4, 242;
uniform of, 298, 300

Gleig, Rev. G. R., his Diary, 7;
_The Subaltern_, 25, 27, 331

Gomm, Sir William, his Life, 6;
journals, 17

Gonneville, Colonel A. O., his Memories of the War in Spain, 32

Gordon, Colonel James, Quartermaster General, 156

Gough, Hugh, Lord, Life of, by R. S. Rait, 37

Graham, Sir Thomas, Lord Lynedoch, his diary, 5–6;
Life of, by Captain Delavoye, 35;
Wellington’s confidence in, 46;
his career, 122;
commands British troops at Cadiz, 123;
his victory at Barrosa, 124;
his failure at Bergen-op-Zoom, 126;
his character and popularity, 127

Grattan, W., his _With the Connaught Rangers_, 27;
complains of Wellington’s forgetfulness of Peninsular services, 49;
his description of Picton, 132, 133;
of the storm of Ciudad Rodrigo, 290;
his description of the uniforms of the army, 293

Guards battalions in Wellington’s army, 179, 180, 181, 194

Guides, Corps of, in Wellington’s army, 158, 159

Guingret, Captain, his reminiscences of Masséna’s campaign in
Portugal, 32

Guidons, disuse of, by the cavalry, 305

Gurwood, Colonel J., his edition of Wellington’s Dispatches, 9–12, 19

Guibert, General, tactical theories of, 63, 64, 70

H.

Hair-powder, disused on active service, 293;
Wellington’s dislike for, 294

Halberd, the, proper weapon of sergeants, 303

Hamilton, Colonel H. B., his _History of the 14th Light Dragoons_, 33

Hardinge, Sir Henry, his controversy with Napier, 2

Harris, Rifleman, of the 95th, 3, 31;
his views on Craufurd, 147, 148

Hawker, Colonel Peter, his _Journal of the Talavera Campaign_, 17

Henegan, Sir R. D., his _Seven Years of Campaigning_, 25;
describes the march of a convoy, 315

Hill, Rowland, Lord, his Life by Sidney, 36;
Wellington’s regard for, 46;
his success at Arroyo dos Molinos, 109, 117;
character of, 115–116;
his capacity as a leader, 116–117;
Wellington’s confidence in, 117;
his brilliant achievement at St. Pierre, 118;
commander-in-chief, 118;
commands the 2nd Division, 166;
religious character of, 330

Horse Artillery, in the Peninsular Army, 177;
uniform of, 299

Horses, difficulty of feeding, in the Peninsula, 112–13;
private horses of officers, 269–71

Howarth, Brigadier-General E., chief of artillery in Wellington’s
army, 157

Hussars, uniform of, 298

I.

Infantry tactics, the, of Wellington, 61–93;
French system of, 63;
in Wellington’s army, 178–91

J.

Jones, Sir John, his _Journal of the Sieges in Spain, in 1811–12_, 21;
remarks on Wellington’s omission to record services of Engineers at
Badajoz, 47;
his note on the siege of St. Sebastian, 288

Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, Marshal, his _Guerre d’Espagne_, 20

K.

Ker-Porter, Sir Robert, his _Journal, 1808–9_, 17

Kincaid, Sir John, 6 _note_;
his _Adventures in the Rifle Brigade_, 28;
his account of Ciudad Rodrigo, 130

King’s German Legion. _See_ German Legion

L.

Ladies at the front, 276–8

La Peña, General, his inactivity at Barrosa, 124

Lapène, Major, his histories of Soult’s campaigns, 20

Larpent, Francis, his _Private Journal_, 17, 159

Latour-Maubourg, General, defeat of, by Lumley at Usagre, 107–8

Lawrence, W., 40th Foot, his flogging, 253;
anecdote of his experiences at Waterloo, 306

Leach, Col. J., his _Rough Sketches of the Life of an Old Soldier_, 24

Leith, Gen. Sir James, his dispatches at the Record Office, 15;
memoirs of, 37;
commands 5th Division, 169

Lejeune, General, his picture of An English Officer’s family on
the march, 278

Le Marchant, General Sir John Gaspard, his cavalry charge at
Salamanca, 103, 104, 176;
head of the Military College, 204;
his religious convictions, 330

Lemonnier, Delafosse, his _Souvenirs Militaires_, 31

Leslie, Major John, his edition of the _Dickson Papers_, 34

Leslie, Colonel T., of Balquhain, his _Military Journal_, 24

Light companies, use of, 74

Light Division, institution of, 83, 168;
achievements of under Craufurd, 142–9;
at Bussaco, 145;
at Fuentes de Oñoro, 145;
commanded by Alten, 146

Line _v._ Column, 61–92

Ligny, Prussian tactics at, Wellington’s views on, 80–1

Londonderry, Chas. Stewart, Lord, his _History of the Peninsular
War_, 12, 18;
Adjutant-General in Wellington’s Army, 156–7

Long, General, R. B., his desponding views, 41;
weak operations of, 106

Lumley, General W., at Usagre, 103;
at Albuera, 107;
praise of, by Picard, 107

Lusitanian Legion, the Loyal, formed by Sir R. Wilson, 84, 229

Luz, Soriano da, his _History of the Peninsular War_, 38

Lynedoch, Lord. _See_ Graham, Sir Thomas

M.

Mackinnon, General H., his Journal, 17

Maguilla, cavalry combat of, 105

Maguire, Lieutenant, leads the “forlorn hope” at San Sebastian, 293

Maida, battle of, the use of skirmishers at, 74;
tactics at, 77, 78

Marbot, General M., uses Napier’s History, 23;
his mistakes and exaggerations, 26

March, the army on the, account of, 255–65;
Foy’s description of the British, 268

Marmont, Auguste, Marshal, his autobiography, 20;
his misrepresentations, 26;
commands Army of Portugal, 56

Masséna, André, Marshal, his invasion of Portugal in 1809, 53;
foiled by Lines of Torres Vedras, 53

Masterson, Sergeant, captures an eagle at Barrosa, 206

McGrigor, Sir James, his anecdotes of Wellington, 44, 45;
his account of the Medical Department in the Peninsular army, 160

Medals, institution of, for good service in the regiments, 251

Medical Department, the, 160

Menil-Durand, General, his system of infantry tactics, 63

Methodists, the, influence of, in the army, 320–31

Military Secretary, office of the, at Headquarters, 152–3

Militia, recruiting from, in Wellington’s Army, 209–11

Minorca Regiment, Stuart’s, later 97th, 227–8

Money, current, difficulty of providing, in the Peninsula, 161,
214, 270, 317

Moore, General Sir John, biography of, by Sir F. Maurice, 37;
his views on the defence of Portugal, 51;
his army, 183

Moorsom, Captain W. S., his _History of the 52nd Oxfordshire Light
Infantry_, 33

Mules, use of, for baggage and transport, 269–71, 308–9

Muleteers, organization of, for the army, 312, 313

Murray, Colonel George, Quartermaster-General to Wellington’s army,
155–6

Murray, John, Commissary-General, 156, 161

Murray, Major-General John, 15, 47, 155

N.

Napier, Sir William, criticism of his _Peninsular War_ by Beresford,
Cole, Hardinge, D’Urban, etc., 2;
his History, 18;
its influence on other publications, 23, 24, 29, 32;
his controversy with Picton’s biographer, 36;
complains of want of recompense of Peninsular veterans, 49;
overstates Craufurd’s march to Talavera, 141, 167;
his severe judgment of Craufurd, 147;
his failure to appreciate the work of the Portuguese army, 234

Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor, his tactics at Marengo, 69;
his infantry tactics, 70;
his use of cavalry, 97;
at Waterloo, 102;
his use of artillery, 113, 177

Naval predominance of Great Britain, its importance, 310–11

Newman, Sergeant, of 43rd, his exploit, 206

Nive, battle of, Wellington’s tactics at, 59

O.

Officers, establishment of, in Wellington’s army, 195;
promotion among, 198–201;
training of, 203;
discipline of, 237–42

Oporto, campaign of, Wellington’s, 163, 164

Ordenança, the Portuguese, 235–6

Orders, General, publication of, 13;
the Portuguese, 13;
account of the marching of the army in, 255–65

_Ordre mixte_, the, Napoleon’s preference for, 70–72

Organization, the, of Wellington’s army, 153–77, and Appendix II

Ormsby, Rev. J. W., his _Journal of the Campaigns of 1809_, 9, 17, 325

Owen, Rev. T., army chaplain, his gallant behaviour in action, 327

Ox-waggons, use of, its drawbacks, 314–15

P.

Pack, Sir Denis, Life of, 37

Paget, Lord, his ability as a cavalry leader, 106

Pakenham, Major-General Edward, commands expedition to New
Orleans, 151;
Adjutant-General in Wellington’s army, 157;
commands 3rd Division at Salamanca, 198

Parquin, Captain D., his memoirs, 32

Paymaster-General, office of, 161

Peninsular War, history of, by Napier, 2, 18, 23, 24, 29, 32, 36;
by Southey, 18;
by Toreno, 21;
by Accursio das Neves, 21;
by Arteche, 38;
by Soriano da Luz, 38;
by Balagny, 38

Prisoners, the French, 14;
recruiting of foreign corps from, 225–6

Picton, General Sir Thomas, Life of, by H. B. Robinson, 36;
his personal relations with Wellington, 44, 46, 137, 138;
character and career of, 129–38;
Governor of Trinidad, 130;
description of, by Grattan, 132, 133;
at El Bodon, 134;
his successful storm of the castle at Badajoz, 135, 284;
wounded at Quatre Bras, 135;
killed at Waterloo, 136;
estimate of his character and abilities, 136–8

Popham, Sir Home, his MS. at the Record Office, 15

Portugal, defence of, Wellington’s scheme for, 50

Portuguese Army, account of, 35;
artillery of, by Major Botelho, 35;
troops incorporated in British Army, 83, 168;
organization of, by Beresford, 119–122, 231–3;
its composition, 229–33

Press, the Travelling, of Wellington’s army, 162

Promotion, system of, in British army, 198;
from the ranks 206–7

“Provisional Battalions,” history of the, 187–8

Purveyor’s Department, the 160

Q.

Quartermaster-General, office of, in Wellington’s army, 155–6;
duties of his subordinates, 258–9

Quill, Doctor Maurice, surgeon of the Connaught Rangers, anecdotes of,
299

R.

Rae, John, 71st Foot, his exploit at Sobral, 324

Raglan, Lord. _See_ Somerset, Lord Fitzroy

Record Office, Peninsular documents in, 14

Recruiting, notes on, 208–213

Regiments, internal organization of, 208–219

Regimental Histories, series, compiled by R. Cannon, 32;
later histories, 33–4

Reille, General, his mistake at Quatre Bras, 81

Religion, influence of, in Peninsular army, 6–7, 320–1

Reprimands, punishment by, 240–2

Revolution, the French, British detestation of, 5, 320–1

Reynier, General J. L., at Maida, 77, 78;
at Bussaco, 85

Rifle battalions, formed in the British army, 75;
use of, by Wellington, 83, 84;
uniform of, 300–1

Rifle, the Baker type, its character, 302–3

Rifle Brigade, the 95th Foot, 75, 305

Rifleman Harris, 3, 23, 31;
his account of Craufurd, 147–8

Roberts, Lord, his estimate of Wellington’s character, 49

Rocca, Captain M., his account of the war in Spain, 32

Rodrigo, Ciudad. _See_ under Ciudad Rodrigo

Ross, General W., commands expedition to America, 151

Royal Military College, the, 203–4

Russian War, its effect on the Peninsular War, 56, 59

S.

Sabugal, combat of, 86

Salamanca, Wellington’s sudden attack at, 57;
his tactics at, 80;
use of cavalry at, 97, 170

San Sebastian, sack of, 213;
siege of, 287–8;
the Portuguese infantry at, 234

Sappers and Miners, the Royal, 286;
uniform of, 299;
weapons of, 304–5

Saxe, Marshal, infantry tactics of, 62, 63, 65

Schepeler, Colonel K., his _History of the Peninsular War_, 20

Scouts, Wellington’s, 53

Seaton, Lord. _See_ Colborne

Sergeants, status of, in the Peninsular army, 216–19;
their halberds, 303

Shako, introduction of, in the British army, 292–3

Shaw-Kennedy, T., aide-de-camp to Craufurd, his description of
Craufurd, 143

Sherbrooke, General J. C., commands the 1st Division, 166

Sherer, Captain Moyle, his _Recollections of the Peninsula_, 27

Shipp, John, his autobiography, 3;
his romantic career, 206

Siege train, Wellington’s, organized by Alex. Dickson, 281–3

Sieges, the, of the Peninsular War, 279;
of Badajoz, 281–6;
of Ciudad Rodrigo, 283;
of Burgos, 286–7;
of San Sebastian, 288

Silveira, General, commands Portuguese Militia, 235

Simmons, George, 95th Foot, his _Journal_, 17

Slade, General J., his rash charge at Maguilla, 105;
Wellington’s remarks on, 106;
estimate of his capacity, 151

Smith, Sir Harry, his Autobiography, 28;
romantic story of his marriage, 277

Somerset, Lord Fitzroy (afterwards Lord Raglan), Military Secretary to
Wellington, 153;
aide-de-camp to Wellington, 160

Sorauren, battle of, Wellington’s tactics at, 54, 81

Soult, Nicolas, Marshal, at Sorauren, 54, 55;
at St. Pierre, 118;
at San Sebastian, 288

Southey, Robert, his _History of the Peninsular War_, 18

Spain, geography of, 93–7

Spencer, Sir Brent, Wellington’s confidence in, 46;
his limitations, 151

“Spring Waggons,” the, 314

Sprünglin, Colonel, his autobiography, 22, 32

St. Chamans, Colonel, his Memoirs, 31, 32

St. Cyr, Gouvion, Marshal, his History of the War, 20

St. Pierre, Hill at the battle of, 118;
gallant conduct of Ashworth’s Portuguese at, 234

Staff Corps Cavalry, duties of the, 150

Standards, types of, used in Wellington’s army, 305–6

Stevenson, Sergeant, J., his memoirs, 4;
his religious convictions, 324;
description of the Methodist meetings at Badajoz, 329–30

Stewart, Sir Charles. _See_ Londonderry

Store-keeper General, office of, 162

Stothert, Captain W., his _Diary of 1809–11_, 17

Suchet, Marshal Louis Gabriel, his account of the war in Catalonia, 20

Surtees, Sergeant W., his religious experiences, 7;
his reminiscences, 30, 215;
his remarks on army chaplains, 328

“Suspension,” punishment of, 240–1

Swords, types of, used by Peninsular army, 303–4

T.

T. S. of the 71st Foot, his autobiography, 30;
why he joined the army, 211–12

Tactics, infantry, French, 63–73;
British, 74–91

Talavera, battle of, Wellington’s tactics at, 80, 82;
charge of 23rd Light Dragoons at, 105

Tarleton, Colonel B., his History of the War in Carolina, 3;
his “Legion” of light troops, 75

Tents, advantages and disadvantages of, 259–60, 264–5

Thiébault, General Dieudonné, his account of the war in Portugal, 20;
of the combat of Aldea da Ponte, 26

Tirailleurs, employed in French army, 65–7, 69

Tomkinson, Colonel W., his Diary, 17, 106;
his Notes on British Cavalry Regiments, 110, 193

Torres Vedras, Lines of, Wellington orders their construction
in 1809, 52–3

Toreno, Conde de, his _History of the Peninsular War_, 21

Trant, Colonel N., leads Portuguese militia, 235

Trousers, introduced in the British army, 294–6

U.

Uniforms, the, in the Peninsular army, 292

Usagre, cavalry combat of, 105

V.

Vaughan, Sir Charles, his dispatches, 15;
his MSS., 16

Venta del Pozo, cavalry combat of, 103, 108

Victor, Claude Perrin, Marshal, defeated at Barrosa, 124

Vigo-Roussillon, Colonel, his account of Barrosa, 32;
his appreciation of Graham, 127

Vimeiro, battle of, Wellington’s tactics at, 80

Vivian, Hussey, Lord, 6;
Life of, 37

“Volunteers,” their status, 196

W.

Walcheren, expedition, the, disastrous effects of on health of
regiments, 187

Wallace, Colonel W., commands 3rd Division after fall of Badajoz, 198

Warre, Sir George, his _Letters_ of 1808–12, 17

Waterloo, battle of, Wellington’s tactics at, 80, 87

Wellesley, Henry, diplomatist, his dispatches at the Record
Office, 15, 106

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, his dispatch concerning
preaching officers, 7;
Gurwood’s edition of his Dispatches, 9–12;
the Supplementary Dispatches, 12;
his General Orders, 13;
views on publication of historical information, 9;
his story of a visit to Blücher before Waterloo, 25;
his early career, 39–41;
his relations with his troops, 41–3;
with his officers, 43;
autocratic temper, 46;
his dispatches, 47;
Lord Roberts’ estimate of him, 49;
extraordinary prescience of the course of the war, 50–3;
his long-sighted calculation, 53–5;
his strategy, 55;
in offensive warfare, 57–80;
his infantry tactics, 61, 73–93;
his views on French tactics, 78;
his tactics at Vimeiro, Bussaco, Salamanca, Waterloo, 80;
remarks on the triumph of line over column, 86;
his cavalry tactics, 94–102, 104;
remarks on British cavalry, 104–109;
“Instructions for Cavalry,” 111, 112;
his confidence in Hill, 117;
in Beresford, 120;
in Graham, 125;
his relations with Craufurd, 144;
his estimate of Erskine, 151;
his organization of the army, 154;
his rapid early promotion, 199;
remarks on promotion from the ranks, 206–7;
adventure with the plunderer of bee-hives, 246;
his orders for the army on the march, 255, 263;
his remarks on the third siege of Badajoz, 284;
at the siege of Burgos, 287;
his attitude toward religion, 324–5;
requisitions chaplains for the army, 325–7

Wellington, Arthur Richard Wellesley, second Duke of, his publication
of the Supplementary Dispatches, 9, 12

Wesleys, the, influence of, 320

Whinyates, Colonel F. A., his history _From Corunna to Sebastopol_, 33

Windham, William, his appreciation of Craufurd, 140

Wives, the soldiers’, at the front, 274–6

Woodberry, Lieutenant G., 18th Hussars, his Diary, 6

Y.

York, Frederick, Duke of, his campaign in Flanders, 66, 74;
his views on infantry tactics, 77;
on promotion in the army, 199–200

THE END

PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED
LONDON AND BECCLES

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were corrected when the change was obvious.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.

The index was not systematically checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.

Sidenotes in this eBook contain the text of running headers in the original book. They have been placed between paragraphs that were near those headers. Like the original headers, the sidenotes are not necessarily at the beginnings of the topics to which they refer.

Page 193: “lost so many men as the 2nd” was misprinted with a gap where the word “as” should have been; corrected here.

Page 252: “to two of three” was printed that way.

Page 295: Transcriber added a missing closing quotation mark after “if we fancied it.” The correct position may be later in the paragraph.

Tables on pages 333, 340 and 341: Asterisks in these tables are not references to footnotes; their purpose is explained on page 333: “The star * affixed to a battalion’s station means that it had just returned from Sir John Moore’s Corunna Campaign.”

Page 339: “only two (2/5th 2/34th, 2/38th)” was printed that way, with “two” and no comma after the first number.

Footnote 344, originally on page 338: “97th, 90th, 101st, 102nd” probably includes a misprint, as “90th” is out of sequence and already was mentioned in Footnote 341.

End of Project Gutenberg's Wellington's Army 1809-1814, by Charles Oman