Chapter XV (2)

In the Kouenlun, on the northern border of Tibet, where the mountains are again much more elevated, the snow-level descends no lower. Even on the 19th and 20th of August, the mass of snow, which was on the northern face of its highest peaks continuous down from 20,000 feet and upwards, did not descend below 17,500 feet, and the open level plain of the upper Shayuk had at that height only trifling patches of snow. On the Karakoram pass (18,200 feet) there were only large patches of snow, the south face of the ridge being quite bare for some distance in both directions.

[Sidenote: LEVEL ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF PASSES.]

The _vexata quæstio_ of the difference of the level at which snow lies on the north and south slopes of the Himalaya, affords a singular instance of misconception. Enunciated originally in an obscure and somewhat incorrect form, when little was known of the structure of the inner part of the chain, the fact has been repeatedly contradicted by those who thought they found it contrary to their experience. Both parties were to a certain extent right. On each individual range the snow-level will at all times be found lower on the north face than on the south, except when the range which we are crossing happens to coincide with a very marked and abrupt change of climate, which will only be the case when it is extremely elevated. When this is the case, the proposition, otherwise true of the mountains _en masse_, or the inner ranges compared with the outer, becomes applicable to a particular range. This is probably the case in the very pass in Kamaon (I know not which it was) from which the law was first inferred. It is certainly so in the great passes north of the Chenab, where, on the Indian face, I found in June snow at 11,500 feet, while on the north side, only twenty miles distant, it had already receded beyond 15,000 feet.

From the rapid nature of my journey, and the great number of objects to which I was obliged to devote my attention, the geological observations which I was enabled to make were much more imperfect than I could have wished. It appeared, however, desirable, hurried as they were, to enumerate them, for the purpose of drawing the attention of future travellers to the subject; and for the same reason I shall here recapitulate the general conclusions which appear to result from the facts observed.

[Sidenote: GEOLOGY OF TIBET.]

The greater part of Tibet consists of plutonic and metamorphic rocks; and from the gigantic scale on which the sections are exposed, and the general bareness of the mountains, which enables their structure to be seen, that country probably presents the finest field in which these classes of rocks could be studied. Granite occurs in great abundance, sending immense veins in all directions into the metamorphic rocks, which are seen to be everywhere upheaved and dislocated by the injected mass. In the immediate vicinity of the plutonic masses, all traces of the direction of the strata of the superposed rocks are lost; but elsewhere, with every variety of dip, it is very generally found that the stratified rocks strike in a direction which varies between north-west and south-east, and north-north-west and south-south-east. As all my observations were made roughly and unconnectedly, and without my discovering this identity till after my return to India, the strike is probably very uniform throughout a great extent of country.

It is not a little remarkable that a belt twenty miles wide, in the direction of this line of strike, drawn from Iskardo to the Niti pass, would cover every place south of the Indus in which limestone has been observed in Tibet. It would pass through Molbil on the Pashkyum river, the limestone districts of Zanskar, and the Lachalang pass, where limestone was found by Gerard. It would also cover Piti, Hangarang, and Bekhar, all well-known limestone tracts. Of course the limestones of Nubra and the Karakoram on the one hand, and of Kashmir on the other, cannot in any way be connected with this line.

The sandstones, slates, and conglomerates, which so closely resemble in appearance those rocks which in Europe are chiefly members of the old red sandstone and greywacke series, appear to assume also the same direction. I bring forward these coincidences of direction only as a remarkable fact, worthy of investigation, without attaching any great weight to them, as more careful observation may show that they are merely accidental, and that rocks of very different ages exist among the limestones and associated rocks of the northern Himalaya.

[Sidenote: ALLUVIAL AND LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT.]

The great extent and development of a very modern alluvium-like formation, composed of great masses of clay with boulders, and occasionally of very fine laminated clay, constitutes one of the most remarkable and striking features of Western Tibet. In every part through which I have travelled, and at all elevations, except on the highest passes, I have found these deposits in greater or less quantity. In their most common state they consist of loose earthy or clayey unstratified masses, containing boulders either angular or rounded. Very fine clay, distinctly and horizontally stratified, is also common; sandstone and hardened conglomerate are more rare, but also occur occasionally.

That some of these beds are of lacustrine origin, the occurrence of fresh-water shells appears to prove very clearly; and though here and there small portions may be terrestrial and of glacial origin, it cannot, I think, be doubted that the great mass of the boulder clay was deposited under water.

In the structure of Scotland at the present day we have a state of circumstances which appears to me capable of throwing much light on the nature of these deposits. We find there a series of narrow arms of the sea, stretching far into the land, and separated by rugged and generally steep ranges of metamorphic or plutonic rocks. They are all more or less silted up by sedimentary matter, and near their mouths, especially where, as is often the case, they are much contracted, we generally find a bar, shallower than the remainder. At various elevations above the sea-level again there is a series of fresh-water lakes, differing little in aspect from the arms of the sea. We find also in many parts of the Highlands of Scotland long valleys, nearly level, which are filled with incoherent sedimentary deposits, and bounded like the lochs by steep mountains. If these were formerly arms of the sea, which by the elevation of the land have been converted into dry land, then the fresh-water lakes probably occupy those parts of the narrow channels which were originally deepest, or which, being wider than the rest, have remained unoccupied by sedimentary matter at the time of the elevation. In conformity with this view we find that at the lower end of these lakes the mountains generally approach very close to one another.

If we were to suppose the gradual elevation of Scotland to continue till the mountains attained an elevation equal to that of the Himalaya, it is evident that a continued series of marine sedimentary deposits would extend from the summit to the sea-level, unless removed by the action of streams or other ordinary causes. Some of the valleys would be of considerable width, and would contain marine fossils in great abundance; but in the narrower mountain valleys the gravel and boulders would be quite destitute of fossils. Here and there fresh-water formations of partial extent would occur, but they would be separated from one another by large tracts filled with marine beds. The gradual elevation of the land would bring to bear upon these incoherent strata the powerful action of running water, which would remove portion after portion, till at last deep valleys would be excavated, and small patches only of the gravel and clay would remain where the action of the streams was least powerful. Such I conceive to be the present state of Tibet, but a much more detailed investigation of that remarkable country would be necessary, before this view can be regarded in any other light than an hypothesis.

The causes by which the metamorphic rocks, which must have been brought into their present remarkable state at a great depth in the interior of the globe, acquired their present configuration of mountain and valley, form a question on which I am not now prepared to enter. One continued process of elevation seems inadequate to produce the observed effects; but however numerous the alternations of elevation and depression may have been, it is evident that the alluvial deposits at present existing must all be referable to the last period of elevation, as such incoherent strata could not withstand the continued action of the sea.

FOOTNOTES:

[28] Asie Centrale, vol. i. p. 14.

[29] Manasarawar and Rawan Rhad.

[30] Moorcroft's Travels, vol. ii. pp. 47-50.

[31] Journal of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, 1842, No. 126. Captain Herbert, who had travelled a great deal in the Himalaya, was the first to point out the impropriety of regarding these mountains as a single chain parallel to the plains of India. Jacquemont also arrived at the same conclusion, as will be seen from the following extract from his journal:--"Le langage de la géographie descriptive est théorique; c'est une grande faute si les théories qu'il rappelle sans cesse sont dénuées de fondement. Ainsi l'on dit que le Setludje _coupe_ la chaîne centrale de l'Himalaya, que sa vallée est creusée au travers, etc., etc., et l'on donne à penser par là que cette chaîne auparavant etait continue et que c'est par un effort des eaux que s'y est faite cette large trouée, comme si les montagnes avaient dû se former primitivement avec une continuité non interrompue" (vol. ii. p. 201); and again (at p. 269), "Le Setludje coule donc non au nord de l'Himalaya, mais entre deux chaînes à peu près également élevées."

[32] Captain R. Strachey, in his paper on the snow-level, proposes to call the more western part of the Cis-Sutlej Himalaya the Busehir range, a name which, though exceedingly appropriate to the portion to which he applies it, is not adapted for extension to the more eastern part.

[33] Travels in Kashmir, etc., vol. ii. p. 382.

[34] Travels, vol. i. p. 361.

[35] That Tibet is not an extensive plain, according to the usual idea, has already been pointed out by Humboldt (Asie Centrale, vol. i. p. 12). Chinese geographers, according to him, describe all parts of Tibet as more or less mountainous; the eastern portion of West Tibet (Gnari) as least so. Captain H. Strachey, in his account of his visit to lake Manasarawar, says expressly that "the surface of Gnari is for the most part extremely mountainous." In the lower Tibetan course of the Sutlej, the recent discoveries of Captain Strachey show that an alluvial table-land of considerable extent exists, intersected by deep ravines.

[36] See some observations of the thermometer recorded by Mr. Vigne, at Iskardo, Khapalu, etc.

[37] Asie Centrale, vol. iii. p. 22.

[38] In the Map No. 65 of the Survey of the Western Himalaya, by Captains Hodgson and Herbert, the glacier of Gangutri is marked "Great snow-bed _or glacier_;" but whether this indication of a knowledge of the true nature of the mass is due to the surveyors or to the maker of the map in England, I have no means at present of ascertaining.

[39] On the Snow-level in the Himalaya, in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta.

[40] The thermometric results obtained by these two travellers do not agree with one another. M. Hügel's thermometer indicated 6300 feet for the elevation of Kashmir, a result which is known from the barometric observations of Jacquemont to be 1000 feet in excess. Mr. Vigne's thermometer, when tested by Moorcroft's barometric results at Le, errs considerably in the opposite direction. In neither case do I know the mode of calculation employed, the results only being given.

INDEX.

Abadan, 209.

Adenocaulon Himalaicum, 47.

Agricultural processes at Iskardo, 259.

" " Le, 443.

Alibransa pass, 463.

Alluvial deposits of Chango, 112.

" " Chorbat, 206.

" " Dankar, 125.

" " Dras valley, 448.

" " Indus below Le, 391.

" " Karakoram, 433, 438.

" " Kardong, 398.

" " Kyuri, 117.

" " Landar valley, 309.

" " Lio, 107.

" " Molbil, 446.

" " Nubra, 196.

" " Phatu pass, 445.

" " Phutaksha, 382.

" " Piti valley, 122.

" " Rondu, 254.

" " Shayuk valley, 190.

" " Shigar valley, 262.

" " Sungnam, 97.

" " Tibet, 491.

" " Tolti, 232.

" " Zanskar, 369.

Alsine, tufted, 426.

Asdhari, 347.

Avalanches in Dras, 265.

" " Kashmir, 271.

" " Rondu, 253.

Badarwar, 329.

Balanophora, 47.

Ballota, 306.

Baltal, 269, 452.

Banahal pass, 297.

" valley, 299.

Bardar pass, 355.

Basehir, 51.

Baspa river, 75.

Berberry of Tibet, 211.

Bijbehara, 294.

Bilergu, 265.

Boghdan, 204.

Borax plain of Pugha, 166.

Borendo pass, 75.

Braghar, 213.

Buddhist edifices at Le, 183.

" temple at Nako, 109.

Buju, 334.

Burang pass, 75.

Butna river, 348.

Caper, wild, of Sutlej valley, 88.

Caragana versicolor, 99, 156.

Cedrus Deodara, 19.

Celtis, 282.

Chakor, or painted partridge, 261.

Chamba, 335.

Changlung, 409.

Changar, 113.

Chango, 112.

Changrang pass, 113.

Changrezing, 113.

Chashut, 181.

Chatargarh, 348.

" district, 346.

Chegaon, 69.

Chenab valley, 301, 345.

Chinese frontier, direction of, 143.

" " stoppage on, 116.

Chini, 78.

Chirasa, 196.

Chishot, 349.

Chloris, species of, in Nubra, 402.

Chorbat, 204.

Christolea, 114, 144.

Chulungka, 207.

Chumoreri, 140, 459.

Cicer microphyllum, 371.

Climate of Dras, 450.

" Chatargarh, 345.

" Iskardo in winter, 243.

" Kashmir, 282.

" Kunawar, 71.

" Le in September, 443.

" Pashkyum, 446.

" Piti, 128.

" Simla, 21.

" Tibet, 468.

" Zanskar, 363.

Confervæ in Pugha hot-springs, 164.

Crambe, 103.

Cupressus torulosa, 31.

Currant, black, 115.

" Tibetan, 104.

Cyanite, 84, 111.

Cyclas, fossil, 172.

Cyperus, a species, in Nubra, 402.

Cyrena, 292.

Dadu, 324.

Dama, 99.

Dankar, 125.

Datisca, 58.

Deghi, 334.

Deodar, 19.

Dewar, 335.

Digar, 189.

Diskit, 401.

Doda, 324.

Dodonæa, 318.

Dras valley, 234, 264, 449.

" village and fort, 238, 267.

Elæagnus, 195, 242.

Elm of Nubra, 406.

Ephedra, 94.

Eremurus, 343.

Euphorbia pentagona, 6.

Fagu, 35.

Fish in Hanle lake, 152.

" Pugha stream, 164.

Floods of Shayuk, 200.

Fothergilla involucrata, 274.

Gagangir, 272.

Gagar river, 2.

Gambar river, 11, 12.

Ganderbal, 275.

Gangan, 274.

Gaora, 58.

Garta, 321.

Garys pass, 278.

Gentiana Moorcroftiana, 126.

Geology of Tibet, 490.

Gerard's pine, 70, 73, 74.

Giah, 176.

Giri river, 36.

Giu river, 118.

Glacier of Butna valley, 352.

" Nubra mountains, 413.

" Parang pass, 136.

" pass north of Le, 397.

" Sassar, 438.

" Sassar pass, 417.

" Umasi pass, north face, 357.

" " south face, 354.

" Zoji pass, 451.

Glaciers of Himalaya, 474.

" Kouenlun, 481.

Gol, 224.

Gold-washing in Khapalu, 212.

Gond, 273.

Granite in Chorbat, 207.

Greenstone near Hanle, 149.

Hangarang district, 96.

" pass, 100.

Hango, 102.

Hanle, 152.

Hanle river, 155.

Hanu pass, 208.

Hanupata, 384.

Hardas, 237, 265.

Haripur, 12.

Harvest at Le, 443.

Hattu, ascent of, 41.

Hemp in Kashmir, 455.

Himalaya, appearance of, from plains, 2.

" arrangement of ranges of, 458.

" Cis-Sutlej, 459.

" Trans-Sutlej, 458.

Himor, 349.

Hippophaë conferta, 59.

" forest of Nubra, 195.

" of Tibet, 212.

Hordeum Ægiceras, 102.

Hot-springs of Panamik, 407.

" Pugha, 164.

Huling, 119.

Hundar, 199.

Hydrangea, scandent, 47.

Hyoscyamus niger, 77.

Indus river, at Iskardo, 217.

" at Upshi, 178.

" frozen over, 241.

" junction with Shayuk, 214.

" north of Hanle, 158.

Iron-mine in Zanskar, 379.

Iskardo, 216.

" winter at, 243.

Islamabad, 294.

Jako, 17.

" view from, 23.

Jamu, 313.

Junipers of Kunawar, 83.

Juniperus excelsa, 254.

Kalatze, 388.

Kalka, 4.

Kamar, 250.

Kanam, 94.

Kanji river, 445.

Karakoram pass, 433.

" plain, 428, 436.

Karbu, in Dras, 238, 266.

" in Pashkyum, 445.

Kardong, 398.

Kargil, 448.

Karsar, 399.

Karsha, 368.

Kartash, 231.

Kartse river, 448.

Kashbir, 79.

Kashmir, 277, 454.

Katti, 308.

Kepu, 50.

Khapalu, 211.

" plain of, 209.

Khoten, road to, from Karakoram, 430.

Khundan Chu, 442.

Ki, 131.

Kiang or wild horse, 141.

Kibar, 131.

Kiris, 213.

Kirmichi, 310.

Koardu, 249.

Kotgarh, 48.

Kouenlun, 436, 462.

Kulzum pass, 127.

Kunawar, 62.

Kunes, 213.

Kuru, in Balti, 213.

" in Nubra, 201.

Kussowlee, 5.

Kyuri, 117.

Lacustrine clay of Avantipura, 290.

" " Chango, 111.

" " Gol, 225.

" " Iskardo, 220, 223.

" " Kamar, 250.

" " Karsar, 400.

" " Kashmir, 279.

" " Kiris, 214.

" " Kuru, in Nubra, 201.

" " Kyuri, 117.

" " Lipa, 88.

" " lower Dras, 236.

" " lower Nubra, 198.

" " Phutaksha, 382.

" " Thogji lake, 170.

" " Zanskar, 367.

Ladhe ke Dhar, 307.

Lake of Kashmir, 281.

" salt, of Thogji, 170.

Lakes, glacial, of Sassar pass, 417.

Lamayuru, 387, 444.

Lanak pass, 146.

Landar, 309.

Langera, 333.

Lara, 127.

Lari, 119.

Lazgung pass, 188.

Le, 182, 393, 443.

Lecanora miniata, 136.

Limestone of Hangarang, 100.

" Karakoram, 427.

" " pass, 435.

" Murgai, 425.

" Piti, 124.

" Shahabad, 297.

" Zanskar, 371.

Lio, 105.

Lipa, 87.

Liundi, 348.

Lyakjung, 197, 404.

Lycium, 211.

Lymnæa, fossil, at Iskardo, 220.

" " at Thogji lake, 170.

" " in Nubra, 198.

" " in Piti, 117.

Machulu river, 209.

Mahasu ridge, 31.

Markanda river, 2.

Markim, 361.

Marsilang, 181.

Maten, 267, 450.

Mattiana, 36.

Melia Azedarach, 59.

Mir, 309.

Miru, in Kunawar, 70.

" Tibet, 178.

Molbil, 445.

Murgai, 422.

" river, ascent of, 423.

Muztagh pass, 462.

Myricaria trees, 162.

Nachar, 64.

Nagkanda, 41.

Nako, 108.

Namika pass, 445.

Nar, 215.

Nasmon, 304.

Natural bridge in Piti, 116.

Natural tunnel, 385.

Nettle, alpine, 414.

Nimo, 392.

Nira, 377.

Nirt, 51.

Nostoc, 145.

Nubra, 192, 404.

" Chu, 442.

" lower, 198.

Nurla, 390.

Oak, evergreen, 73.

Olive, wild, 306.

Orchideæ of Nubra, 400.

Oxybaphus Himalayanus, 60.

Oxytropis chiliophylla, 369.

Padri pass, 330.

Padum, 363.

Pain Dras, 267.

Pampur, 288.

Panamik, 407.

" hot-springs, 407.

Pangi, 79.

Pangong lake, 464.

Paralysis, curious cases of, 391.

Parang pass, 135.

" river, lower course of, 113.

" " upper course of, 138.

Pargwal, 345.

Parkuta, 229.

Partridge, painted, 261.

Pashkyum, 446.

Pass above Changlung in Nubra, 410.

" Dadu, 327.

" Mir, 309.

" Nasmon, 302.

" Pata, 323.

Pass north of Le, 395, 443.

" " Ruduk, 463.

Passes across Kouenlun, 462.

" of Tibet, elevation of, 467.

Pata, 322.

Peganum Harmala, 212.

Perowskia, 178.

Perpetual snow, 482.

" in outer Himalaya, 487.

" in Tibet, 488.

" on opposite sides of passes, 489.

Phatu pass, 444.

Phutaksha, 382.

Picea Webbiana, 86.

Pin river, 126.

Pindrow, 86.

Pinus excelsa in Rondu, 257.

" Gerardiana, 70, 73, 74.

" longifolia, 18.

Pitak, 394.

Piti, 128.

" river, 106.

Planorbis, fossil, 117, 170, 198, 220.

Pok, 124.

Poplars of Indus valley, 180.

Populus alba, 95, 207.

" balsamifera, 177.

" Euphratica, 191.

Porgyul, 101, 110.

Potato cultivation, 34.

Potentilla discolor, 412.

Prangos, 240, 266.

Pranu, 207.

Pugha, borax plain, 166.

" hot springs, 164.

" ravine, 162.

" sulphur-mine, 168.

Pulokanka pass, 170.

Quercus Ilex, 73, 347.

Quinoa, 49.

Raldang, 80.

Ramnagar, 320.

Rampur, 54.

Rangrig, 127.

Ribes glandulosum, 104.

Rocks of Banahal pass, 298.

" Butna valley, 361.

" Chorbat, 207.

" Dadu, 324.

" Giah ravine, 179.

" Hangarang, 100.

" Karakoram pass, 435.

" " plain, 427.

" Kargil, 448.

" Kashmir, 280, 297.

" Kunawar, 81.

" lower Shayuk, 214.

" Murgai valley, 425.

" Nubra, 407.

" Pashkyum, 447.

" Pugha, 165.

" Rondu, 257.

" Simla, 27.

" Singhi pass, 381.

" Sungnam, 99.

" Tawi valley, 311.

" Umasi pass, 361.

" Wandla ravine, 388.

" Waris ravine, 203.

" Zanskar, 361, 371.

Rogi, 73.

Rondu, 248.

Rope-bridge of Kartash, 242.

" Nasmon, 305.

" Padum, 367.

" Rampur, 54.

" Rondu, 255.

Rosa Webbiana, 386.

Rose, yellow, 385.

Rukchin valley, 172.

Runang pass, 92.

Ruskalan river, 94.

Sabathu, 11.

Sabu, 188.

Sach pass, 338.

Saffron cultivation, 288, 455.

Sairi, 16.

Salt lake of Thogji, 170.

Sandstone, modern, of Iskardo, 221.

" " Karsar, 400.

" " Tarkata, 234.

" of Pashkyum, 447.

" tertiary of Jamu hills, 311, 312.

Saspola, 391.

Sassar, 420.

Sassar pass, 417.

Seda, 312.

Serahan, 60.

Shahabad, 296.

Shali, 31, 32.

Shalimar, 286.

Shayuk river, in Chorbat, 205.

" " Karakoram, 431.

" " Khapalu, 209.

" " Nubra, 193, 403.

" " Sassar, 419.

" " its junction with Indus, 214.

Shialkar, 112.

Shigar valley, 262.

Shol, 347.

Siksa, 204.

Sildang river, 64.

Simla, 16.

Sind river, 270.

Singhi pass, 379.

Sirohi Sar, 316.

Snow-fall in Tibet, 473.

Soda, efflorescence, in Nubra, 195.

" " Piti, 128.

Sonamarg, 271.

Statice, prickly, 204.

Suliman range, 3.

Sulphur-mine of Pugha, 168.

Sungnam, 94.

Surmu, 210.

Suru, 448.

Sutlej river at Rampur, 51.

" " Wangtu, 66.

" " its diurnal fluctuations, 54.

Taksha, 408.

Takti pass, 375.

Tarkata, 233.

Tawi river, 313.

Temple buried in lacustrine clay, 292.

Tertse, 197.

Thalaura, 318.

Thawar, 254.

Theog, 37.

Thogji lake, 170, 459.

Tibet, general description of, 456.

Tirit, 197.

Tolti, 230.

Tongde, 368.

Tranda, 61.

Trikota Debi, 310.

Tsatti, 192.

Tunglung pass, 175.

Turgu, 223.

Turtuk, 207.

Tussilago Farfara, 263.

Ulding Thung, 236.

Umasi pass, 355.

Unmaru, 197.

Upshi, 179.

Urdi, 229.

Vegetation of Badarwar, 329.

" Baltal, 453.

" Banahal, 301.

" Chatargarh, 348.

" Chenab valley, 304, 342.

" Dadu, 324.

" Dras, 449.

" Gambar valley, 13.

" Hangarang pass, 101.

" Hattu, 43.

" Indus valley below Le, 390.

" Jamu hills, 317.

" Kalka, 4.

" Karakoram, 435.

" Karsar in Nubra, 400.

" Kashmir, 283, 296, 454.

" Kotgarh, 47, 50.

" Kunawar, 72, 76.

" Kussowlee, 6, 7.

" Le, 395.

" Mahasu, 31.

" Nubra, 406.

" Pashkyum, 446.

" Phatu pass, 445.

" Ramnagar valley, 320.

" Rondu, 258.

" Runang pass, 92.

" Sassar, 420.

" Sassar pass, 416.

" Simla, 18.

" Sind valley, 272.

" Sutlej valley at Rampur, 53.

" " " Wangtu, 67.

" Werang pass, 85.

" Zanskar, alpine, 359.

" " northern passes, 375, 377, 380.

" " valley, 365, 371.

" Zoji pass, 451.

Vernag, 296.

Vines of Parkuta, 229.

" Turtuk, 207.

" wild, of Butna valley, 348.

Vineyards of Kunawar, 78.

" Sungnam, 94.

Wandla, 386.

Wangtu Bridge, 66.

Waris, 202.

Wasterwan, 288.

Waterfall at Wangtu, 68.

" frozen, in Dras, 241.

Werang pass, 84.

Willows of Tibet, 180.

Winds of Tibet, 472.

Winter at Iskardo, 243.

Wulur lake, 282.

Yarkand merchants, 410.

" road to, from Iskardo, 263.

Yulchung, 379.

Zangla, 369.

Zannichellia, 164.

Zanskar, 358, 363.

Zobo, 91.

Zoji pass, 267, 451.

Zungsam river, 113.

JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, PRINTER,
LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS.

THE
RHODODENDRONS
OF
SIKKIM-HIMALAYA;

Being an Account, Botanical and Geographical, of the _Rhododendrons_
recently discovered in the Province of Sikkim, on the Eastern
Himalaya Mountains.

BY
JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., R.N., F.R.S., F.L.S.
EDITED BY SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L., F.R.S.A.

Imp. folio. Thirty Plates. £3 16_s._ coloured.

"In this work we have the first results of Dr. Hooker's botanical
mission to India. The announcement is calculated to startle some of
our readers when they know that it was only last January twelvemonths
that the Doctor arrived in Calcutta. That he should have ascended the
Himalaya, discovered a number of plants, and that they should be
published in England in an almost UNEQUALLED STYLE OF MAGNIFICENT
ILLUSTRATION, in less than eighteen months, is one of the marvels of
our time."--_Athenæum._

"A most beautiful example of fine drawing and skilful colouring, while
the letter-press furnished by the talented author possesses very high
interest. Of the species of _Rhododendron_ which he has found in his
adventurous journey, some are quite unrivalled in magnificence of
appearance. We recommend the district to the nurseryman. Whoever could
bring home plenty of seeds of these plants would require no better
foundation for a little fortune."--_Gardeners' Chronicle._

_Also, by the same Author_,

1. FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND.

Parts I., II., and III. Twenty Plates. Price 21_s._ plain; £1 11_s._
6_d._ coloured. To be completed in Five Parts.

2. THE BOTANY OF THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE.

Two Hundred Plates. 2 vols, royal 4to, cloth. £7 10_s._ plain; £10
15_s._ coloured.

LONDON:

REEVE AND CO., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

LIST OF WORKS
PRINCIPALLY ON
NATURAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE,
PUBLISHED BY
REEVE AND CO.,
5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

BOTANY.

THE VICTORIA REGIA. By Sir W. J. HOOKER, F.R.S. In elephant
folio. Illustrated on a large scale by W. Fitch. 31_s._ 6_d._

The work on the Royal Water Lily contains four plates of very
large size, expensively coloured, illustrative of the different
stages of flowering and fruiting, with analyses of structure,
as follows:--

1. A view of the entire plant, flower, fruit, and leaves, on
the water.

2. A flower _of the natural size_ in progress of expanding,
together with as much of the enormous foliage as the broad
dimensions of the paper will admit.

3. A fully expanded flower _of the natural size_, with foliage,
&c.

4. A vertical section of the fully developed flower, with
various dissections and analyses.

"Although many works have been devoted to the illustration and
description of the _Victoria regia_, it seemed still to want
one which, whilst it gave an accurate botanical description of
the plant, should at the same time show the natural size of its
gigantic flowers. This object has been aimed at by the combined
labours of Sir W. Hooker and Mr. Fitch, and with distinguished
success. The illustrations are everything that could be desired
in the shape of botanical drawings. They are accurate, and they
are beautiful."--_Athenæum._

THE RHODODENDRONS OF SIKKIM-HIMALAYA. With drawings and
descriptions made on the spot. By J. D. HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S.
Edited by Sir W. J. HOOKER, D.C.L., F.R.S. In handsome imperial
folio, with thirty coloured plates. Price 3_l._ 11_s._

"In this work we have the first results of Dr. Hooker's
botanical mission to India. The announcement is calculated to
startle some of our readers when they know that it was only
last January twelvemonths that the Doctor arrived in Calcutta.
That he should have ascended the Himalaya, discovered a number
of plants, and that they should be published in England in an
almost UNEQUALLED STYLE OF MAGNIFICENT ILLUSTRATION, in less
than eighteen months--is one of the marvels of our
time."--_Athenæum._

"A most beautiful example of fine drawing and skilful
colouring, while the letter-press furnished by the talented
author possesses very high interest. Of the species of
Rhododendron which he has found in his adventurous journey,
some are quite unrivalled in magnificence of
appearance."--_Gardeners' Chronicle._

SANDERS'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CULTURE OF THE VINE. With
plates. 8vo. 5_s._

"Mr. Assheton Smith's place at Tedworth has long possessed a
great English reputation for the excellence of its fruit and
vegetables: one is continually hearing in society of the
extraordinary abundance and perfection of its produce at
seasons when common gardens are empty, and the great world
seems to have arrived at the conclusion that the kitchen
gardening and forcing there are nowhere excelled. We have,
therefore, examined with no common interest the work before us,
for it will be strange indeed, if a man who can act so
skilfully as Mr. Sanders should be unable to offer advice of
corresponding value. We have not been disappointed. Mr.
Sanders's directions are as plain as words can make them; and,
we will add, as judicious as his long experience had led us to
expect. After a careful perusal of his little treatise, we find
nothing to object to, and much to praise."--_Gardeners'
Chronicle._

"A clever, well-written, and nicely illustrated horticultural
pamphlet, telling us all we want to know on the
subject."--_Guardian._

PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA; or, History of the British Sea-weeds;
containing coloured figures, and descriptions, of all the
species of Algæ inhabiting the shores of the British Islands.
By WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY, M.D., M.R.I.A., Keeper of the
Herbarium of the University of Dublin, and Professor of Botany
to the Dublin Society. The price of the work, complete,
strongly bound in cloth, is as follows:-

In three vols, royal 8vo, arranged in the } £7 12 6
order of publication }

In four vols, royal 8vo, arranged systematically} £7 17 6
according to the Synopsis }

_A few Copies have been printed on large paper._

"The 'History of British Sea-weeds' we can most faithfully
recommend for its scientific, its pictorial, and its popular
value; the professed botanist will find it a work of the
highest character, whilst those who desire merely to know the
names and history of the lovely plants which they gather on the
sea-shore, will find in it the faithful portraiture of every
one of them."--_Annals and Magazine of Natural History._

"The drawings are beautifully executed by the author himself on
stone, the dissections carefully prepared, and the whole
account of the species drawn up in such a way as cannot fail to
be instructive, even to those who are well acquainted with the
subject. The greater part of our more common Algæ have never
been illustrated in a manner agreeable to the present state of
Algology."--_Gardeners' Chronicle._

POPULAR HISTORY OF BRITISH SEA-WEEDS, comprising all the Marine
Plants. By the Rev. DAVID LANDSBOROUGH, A.L.S., Member of the
Wernerian Society of Edinburgh. With twenty coloured plates by
Fitch. _Second Edition._ Royal 16mo. 10_s._ 6_d._

"The book is as well executed as it is well timed. The
descriptions are scientific as well as popular, and the plates
are clear and explicit. Not only the forms, but the uses of
Algæ, are minutely described. It is a worthy SEA-SIDE
COMPANION--a handbook for every occasional or permanent
resident on the sea-shore."--_Economist._

"Those who wish to make themselves acquainted with British
Sea-weeds, cannot do better than begin with this elegantly
illustrated manual."--_Globe._

"This elegant work, though intended for beginners, is well
worthy the perusal of those advanced in the science."--_Morning
Herald._

A CENTURY OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS, selected from those most
worthy of cultivation figured in Curtis's Botanical Magazine,
with coloured figures and dissections, chiefly executed by Mr.
FITCH; the descriptions (entirely re-written) by Sir WILLIAM J.
HOOKER, F.R.S. With an introduction on the culture of
Orchidaceæ generally, and on the treatment of each genus; by
JOHN C. LYONS, Esq. Royal 4to, containing one hundred coloured
plates. Price _Five Guineas_.

"In the exquisite illustrations to this splendid volume full
justice has been rendered to the oddly formed and often
brilliantly coloured flowers of this curious and interesting
tribe of plants."--_Westminster and Foreign Quarterly Review._

"A very acceptable addition to our knowledge of the Orchis
tribe. The plates are beautifully executed, and have been
selected with great care. Each species has a brief character
attached, and to each genus botanical and practical
observations, from the pen of Sir William Hooker, are prefixed.
The work is enriched with a prefatory memoir by Mr. Lyons, full
of sound judgment and experience, on the most approved method
of growing Orchids."--_Literary Gazette._

POPULAR HISTORY OF BRITISH FERNS, comprising all the Species.
By THOMAS MOORE. With twenty coloured plates by Fitch. Royal
16mo, cloth. 10_s._ 6_d._

"Mr. Moore's 'Popular History of British Ferns' forms one of
the numerous elegant and instructive books by which Messrs.
Reeve and Co. have endeavoured to popularize the study of
Natural History. In the volume before us, Mr. Moore gives a
clear account of the British Ferns, with directions for their
cultivation; accompanied by numerous coloured plates neatly
illustrated, and preceded by a general introduction on the
natural character of this graceful class of
plants."--_Spectator._

"We have rarely, if ever, seen a publication relating to plants
where the object aimed at is more fully accomplished than in
this elegant volume."--_Hooker's Journal._

"A prettily got-up book, and fit for a drawing-room
table."--_The Friend._

THE BRITISH DESMIDIEÆ; or, Fresh-Water Algæ. By JOHN RALFS,
M.R.C.S., Honorary Member of the Penzance Nat. Hist. Society.
The Drawings by EDWARD JENNER, A.L.S. Royal 8vo, thirty-five
coloured plates. Price 36_s._ cloth.

NEREIS AUSTRALIS; or, Illustrations of the Algæ of the Southern
Ocean. By Professor HARVEY, M.D., M.R.I.A. To be completed in
Four Parts, each containing twenty-five coloured plates, imp.
8vo. Price 1_l._ 1_s._ Parts I. and II. recently published.

"Of this most important contribution to our knowledge of exotic
Algæ, we know not if we can pay it a higher compliment than by
saying it is worthy of the author. It should be observed that
the work is not a selection of certain species, but an arranged
system of all that is known of Australian Algæ, accompanied by
figures of the new and rare ones, especially of those most
remarkable for beauty of form and colour."--_London Journal of
Botany._

CURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE (commenced in 1786); Continued by
Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L., &c., Director of the
Royal Gardens of Kew.

*** Published in monthly numbers, each containing six plates,
price 3_s._ 6_d._ coloured; and in annual volumes, price 42_s._

HOOKER'S JOURNAL OF BOTANY and KEW GARDENS MISCELLANY. Edited
by Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER.

This Botanical Journal, in addition to original papers by
Eminent Botanists, contains the Botanical News of the month,
Communications from Botanical Travellers, Notices of New Books,
&c.

*** In monthly numbers, with a plate, price 2_s._

ICONES PLANTARUM; or, Figures, with brief descriptive
characters and remarks, of new and rare Plants. Published
monthly, with eight plates. Price 2_s._ 6_d._

(_Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty._)

FLORA ANTARCTICA; or, Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.
Discovery Ships _Erebus_ and _Terror_, during the years
1839-1843, under the command of Capt. Sir James Clark Ross,
R.N., F.R.S. By JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., R.N., F.R.S., &c.,
Botanist to the Expedition. In two vols. royal 4to, cloth,
containing 200 plates. Price 10_l._ 15_s._ coloured; 7_l._
10_s._ plain.

"The descriptions of the plants in this work are carefully
drawn up, and much interesting matter, critical, explanatory,
and historical, is added in the form of notes. The drawings of
the plants are admirably executed by Mr. Fitch; and we know of
no productions from his pencil, or, in fact, any botanical
illustrations at all, that are superior in faithful
representation and botanical correctness."--_Athenæum._

CRYPTOGAMIA ANTARCTICA; or, Cryptogamic Botany of the Antarctic
Voyage of H. M. Ships _Erebus_ and _Terror_. By JOSEPH DALTON
HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., &c. Royal 4to, cloth, containing 74
plates. Price 4_l._ 4_s._ coloured; 2_l._ 17_s._ plain.

THE ESCULENT FUNGUSES OF ENGLAND; a treatise on their History,
Uses, Structure, Nutritious Properties, Mode of Cooking,
Preserving, &c. By the Rev. Dr. BADHAM. Super-royal 8vo, cloth,
coloured plates. 21_s._

"The English are not a fungus-eating nation; and though we do
not eat frogs like our neighbours, we are rather celebrated for
our love of another of the reptilian family--turtle. There is
no reason why we should eschew frogs and relish turtle; still
less is there for our eating one or two of the numerous edible
funguses which our island produces, and condemning all the
rest. To draw attention to this fact, and to supply an accurate
account, with a correct delineation, of the esculent species of
this family in Great Britain, are the objects of the book
before us. Such a work was a desideratum in this country, and
it has been well supplied by Dr. Badham; with his beautiful
drawings of the various edible fungi in his hand the collector
can scarcely make a mistake. The majority of those which grow
in our meadows, and in the decaying wood of our orchards and
forests, are unfit for food; and the value of Dr. Badham's book
consists in the fact, that it enables us to distinguish from
these such as may be eaten with impunity."--_Athenæum._

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH MYCOLOGY; containing Figures and
Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty indigenous
to Britain. _First Series._ By Mrs. HUSSEY. 4to, cloth gilt,
with ninety beautifully coloured drawings. Price 7_l._ 12_s._
6_d._

"This talented lady and her sister were in the first instance
induced to draw some of the more striking Fungi, merely as
picturesque objects. Their collection of drawings at length
became important from their number and accuracy, and a long
continued study of the nutritive properties of Fungi has
induced the former to lay the results of her investigations
before the public, under the form of illustrations of the more
useful and interesting species. The figures are so faithful
that there can be no difficulty in at once determining with
certainty the objects they are intended to represent; and the
observations will be found of much interest to the general
reader."--_Gardeners' Chronicle._

"This is an elegant and interesting book: it would be an
ornament to the drawing-room table; but it must not, therefore,
be supposed that the value of the work is not intrinsic, for a
great deal of new and valuable matter accompanies the plates,
which are not fancy sketches, but so individualized and
life-like, that to mistake any species seems impossible. The
accessories of each are significant of site, soil, and season
of growth, so that the botanist may study with advantage what
the artist may inspect with admiration."--_Morning Post._

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH MYCOLOGY; containing Figures and
Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty indigenous
to Britain. _Second Series._ By Mrs. HUSSEY. Publishing in
Monthly Parts, coloured drawings, price 5_s._

VOICES FROM THE WOODLANDS; or, History of Forest Trees,
Lichens, Mosses, and Ferns. By MARY ROBERTS. Elegantly bound.
With twenty coloured Plates of Forest Scenery, by FITCH. Royal
16mo. 10_s._ 6_d._

"This work includes a wide range of genera, from the lichen to
the oak, and by way of giving variety to a subject so
commonplace, the several plants are supposed to tell their own
stories, and describe their own family
peculiarities."--_Atlas._

"The fair authoress of this pretty volume has shown more than
the usual good taste of her sex in the selection of her mode of
conveying to the young interesting instruction upon pleasing
topics. She bids them join in a ramble through the sylvan
wilds, and at her command the fragile lichen, the gnarled oak,
the towering beech, the graceful chestnut, and the waving
poplar discourse eloquently, and tell their respective
histories and uses."--_Britannia._

POPULAR FIELD BOTANY; containing a familiar and technical
description of the plants most common to the British Isles,
adapted to the study of either the Artificial or Natural
Systems. By AGNES CATLOW. _Second Edition._ Arranged in twelve
chapters, each being the Botanical lesson for the month.
Containing twenty coloured plates of figures. Royal 16mo.
10_s._ 6_d._

"The design of this work is to furnish young persons with a
Self-instructor in Botany, enabling them with little difficulty
to discover the scientific names of the common plants they may
find in their country rambles, to which are appended a few
facts respecting their uses, habits, &c. The plants are classed
in months, the illustrations are nicely coloured, and the book
is altogether an elegant, as well as useful
present."--_Illustrated London News._

THE TOURIST'S FLORA. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Flowering
Plants and Ferns of the British Islands, France, Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy. By JOSEPH WOODS, F.A.S, F.L.S, F.G.S.
8vo. 18_s._

"The appearance of this book has been long expected by us; and
we can justly state that it has quite fulfilled all our
expectations, and will support the high reputation of its
author. Mr. Woods is known to have spent many years in
collecting and arranging the materials for the present work,
with a view to which he has, we believe, visited all the most
interesting localities mentioned in it. This amount of labour,
combined with extensive botanical knowledge, has enabled him to
produce a volume such as few, if any other, botanists were
capable of writing."--_Annals of Natural History._

ZOOLOGY.

(_Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty._)

ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. SAMARANG. Edited by ARTHUR
ADAMS, F.L.S, Assistant-Surgeon, R.N, attached to the
Expedition.

VERTEBRATA. By _John Edward Gray_, F.R.S., Keeper of the
Zoological Department of the British Museum.

FISHES. By Sir JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., F.R.S.

MOLLUSCA. By the EDITOR and LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S. Including the
anatomy of the _Spirula_, by Prof. OWEN, F.R.S.

CRUSTACEA. By the EDITOR and ADAM WHITE, F.L.S.

*** Complete in one handsome royal 4to volume,
containing 55 plates. Price, strongly bound in cloth, 3_l._
10_s._

THE BIRDS OF IRELAND. By WILLIAM THOMPSON, Esq., President of
the Natural History and Philosophical Society of Belfast. Vol.
I., price 16_s._ cloth. Vol. II, price 12_s._ Vol. III., price
16_s._, 8vo, cloth.

"Our readers, if once they get hold of this work, will not
readily lay it down; for while habits are dwelt upon in a
manner so amusing that we have known extracts to be read aloud
to a delighted circle of children, it contains the precise
information which the ornithologist demands, and brings forward
topics both of popular and scientific interest, such as the
geographical distribution of species, the causes which seem to
operate on their increase and decrease, their migrations, their
uses to man, the occasional injuries they inflict, and the
important benefits they confer. It is a STANDARD WORK, and will
rank with those of our first ornithologists."--_Dublin
Quarterly Journal of Medical Science._

CONTRIBUTIONS TO ORNITHOLOGY. By SIR WILLIAM JARDINE, Bart.,
F.R.S.E., F.L.S., &c.

The "CONTRIBUTIONS" are devoted to the various departments of
Ornithology. They are published at intervals in Parts, and form
an annual Volume, illustrated by numerous coloured and
uncoloured Plates, Woodcuts, &c.

The Series for 1848, containing ten Plates, price 9_s._

The Series for 1849, containing twenty-four Plates, price 21_s._

The Series for 1850, containing twenty-one Plates, Vignettes, and
Woodcuts, price 21_s._

The Series for 1851, containing fourteen Plates, price 18_s._

THE DODO AND ITS KINDRED; or, the History, Affinities, and
Osteology of the DODO, SOLITAIRE, and other extinct birds of
the islands Mauritius, Rodriguez, and Bourbon. By H. E.
STRICKLAND, Esq., M.A., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., President of the
Ashmolean Society, and A. G. MELVILLE, M.D., M.R.C.S. Royal
quarto, with eighteen plates and numerous wood-illustrations.
Price 21_s._

"The labour expended on this book, and the beautiful manner in
which it is got up, render it a work of great interest to the
naturalist. * * It is a model of how such subjects should be
treated. We know of few more elaborate and careful pieces of
comparative anatomy than is given of the head and foot by Dr.
Melville. The dissection is accompanied by lithographic plates,
creditable alike to the Artist and the Printer."--_Athenæum._

POPULAR BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY; comprising a familiar and
technical description of the Birds of the British Isles. By P.
H. Gosse, Author of 'The Ocean,' 'The Birds of Jamaica,' &c. In
twelve chapters, each being the Ornithological lesson for the
month. In one vol. royal 16mo, with twenty plates of figures.
Price 10_s._ 6_d._ coloured.

"To render the subject of ornithology clear, and its study
attractive, has been the great aim of the author of this
beautiful little volume.... It is embellished by upwards of 70
figures of British birds beautifully coloured."--_Morning
Herald._

"This was a book much wanted, and will prove a boon of no
common value, containing, as it does, the names, descriptions,
and habits of all the British birds. It is handsomely got
up."--_Mirror._

CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA; or, Figures and Descriptions of the Shells
of Molluscous Animals, with critical remarks on their synonyms,
affinities, and circumstances of habitation. By LOVELL REEVE,
F.L.S.

*** Demy 4to. Published monthly, in Parts, each containing
eight plates. Price 10_s._

SOLD ALSO IN MONOGRAPHS:

£ _s._ _d._
Achatina 1 9 0
Achatinella 0 8 0
Arca 1 1 6
Artemis 0 13 0
Buccinum 0 18 0
Bulimus 5 12 0
Bullia 0 5 6
Cardita 0 11 6
Cardium 1 8 0
Cassidaria 0 1 6
Cassis 0 15 6
Chama 0 11 6
Chiton 2 2 0
Chitonellus 0 1 6
Conus 3 0 0
Corbula 0 6 6
Crassatella 0 4 0
Cypræa 1 14 0
Cypricardia 0 3 0
Delphinula 0 6 6
Dolium 0 10 6
Eburna 0 1 6
Fasciolaria 0 9 0
Ficula 0 1 6
Fissurella 1 0 6
Fusus 1 6 6
Glauconome 0 1 6
Haliotis 1 1 0
Harpa 0 5 6
Hemipecten 0 1 6
Ianthina 0 3 0
Isocardia 0 1 6
Lucina 0 14 0
Mangelia 0 10 6
Mesalia}
Eglisia} 0 1 6
Mitra 2 10 0
Monoceros 0 5 6
Murex 2 5 6
Myadora 0 1 6
Oliva 1 18 0
Oniscia 0 1 6
Paludomus 0 4 0
Partula 0 5 6
Pectunculus 0 11 6
Phorus 0 4 0
Pleurotoma 2 10 6
Pterocera 0 8 0
Purpura 0 17 0
Pyrula 0 11 6
Ranella 0 10 6
Ricinula 0 8 0
Rostellaria 0 4 6
Strombus 1 4 6
Struthiolaria 0 1 6
Turbinella 0 17 0
Triton 1 5 6
Turbo 0 17 0
Turritella 0 14 6
Voluta 1 8 0

_The genus_ HELIX _is in course of publication._

SOLD ALSO IN VOLUMES:

VOL. I. CONUS
PLEUROTOMA
CRASSATELLA
PHORUS
PECTUNCULUS
CARDITA
DELPHINULA
CYPRICARDIA
HARPA

[_122 Plates, price 7l. 16s. 6d. half-bound._]

VOL. II. CORBULA
ARCA
TRITON
GLAUCONOME
MYADORA
RANELLA
MITRA
CARDIUM
ISOCARDIA

[_114 Plates, price 7l. 6s. 6d. half-bound._]

VOL. III. MUREX
CYPRÆA
HALIOTIS
MANGELIA
PURPURA
RICINULA
MONOCEROS
BULLIA
BUCCINUM

[_129 Plates, price 8l. 5s. 6d. half-bound._]

VOL. IV. CHAMA
CHITON
CHITONELLUS
FICULA
PYRULA
TURBINELLA
FASCIOLARIA
FUSUS
PALUDOMUS
TURBO

[_110 Plates, price 7l. 1s. 6d. half-bound._]

VOL. V. BULIMUS
ACHATINA
DOLIUM
CASSIS
TURRITELLA
MESALIA
EGLISIA
ONISCIA
CASSIDARIA
EBURNA

[_147 Plates, price 9l. 7s. 6d. half-bound._]

VOL. VI. VOLUTA
FISSURELLA
PARTULA
ACHATINELLA
ARTEMIS
LUCINA
HEMIPECTEN
OLIVA
STROMBUS
PTEROCERA
ROSTELLARIA
STRUTHIOLARIA

[_129 Plates, price 8l. 5s. 6d. half-bound._]

The figures are drawn and lithographed by Mr. G. B. SOWERBY,
Junr., of the _natural size_, from specimens chiefly in the
collection of Mr. Cuming.

"This great work is intended to embrace a complete description
and illustration of the shells of molluscous animals, and, so
far as we have seen, it is not such as to disappoint the large
expectations that have been formed respecting it. The figures
of the shells are all of full size; in the descriptions a
careful analysis is given of the labours of others; and the
author has apparently spared no pains to make the work a
standard authority on the subject of which it
treats."--_Athenæum._

CONCHOLOGIA SYSTEMATICA; or, Complete System of Conchology,
illustrated with 300 plates of upwards of 1500 figures of
Shells. By LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S.

"The text is both interesting and instructive; many of the
plates have appeared before in Mr. Sowerby's works, but from
the great expense of collecting them, and the miscellaneous
manner of their publication, many persons will no doubt gladly
avail themselves of this select and classified portion, which
also contains many original figures."--_Athenæum._

*** In two quarto volumes, cloth. Price 10_l._ coloured; 6_l._
plain.

ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY; or, Introduction to the Natural History
of Shells and their animals. By LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S. Parts I.
to X., price 3_s._ 6_d._ each.

"The work before us is designed to promote a more philosophical
spirit of inquiry into the nature and origin of
Shells."--_Ecclesiastical Review._

CONCHOLOGIST'S NOMENCLATOR; or, Catalogue of recent species of
Shells, with their authorities, synonyms, and references to
works where figured or described. By AGNES CATLOW, assisted by
LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S.

*** In sheets for labels, 20_s._ Cloth, 21_s._ Half-bound,
interleaved, 25_s._

CONCHYLIA DITHYRA INSULARUM BRITANNICARUM. The Bivalve Shells
of the British Isles, systematically arranged. By WILLIAM
TURTON, M.D. Reprinted verbatim from the original edition. The
illustrations, printed from the original copper-plates, are
distinguished for their accurate detail. Twenty coloured
plates. Price 2_l._ 10_s._

POPULAR HISTORY OF MOLLUSCA; or, Shells and their Animal
Inhabitants. By MARY ROBERTS. Royal 16mo, with twenty coloured
plates by Wing. Price 10_s._ 6_d._

"This little volume forms another of the excellent series of
illustrated works on various departments of Natural History,
for which the public is indebted to Mr. Reeve.... When we add,
that the plates contain no fewer than ninety figures of shells,
with their animal inhabitants, all of them well, and several
admirably, executed, and that the text is written throughout in
a readable and even elegant style, with such digression in
poetry and prose as serve to relieve its scientific details, we
think that we have said enough to justify the favourable
opinion we have expressed."--_British and Foreign
Medico-Chirurgical Review._

CURTIS'S BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY, being Illustrations and
Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain
and Ireland, comprising coloured figures, from nature, of the
most rare and beautiful species, and, in many instances, of the
plants upon which they are found. By JOHN CURTIS, F.L.S.

The 'British Entomology' was originally brought out in Monthly
Numbers, size royal 8vo, at 4_s._ 6_d._, each containing four
coloured plates with text. It was commenced in 1824, and
completed in 1840, in 193 Numbers, forming 16 volumes, price
£43 16_s._

The work is now offered new, and in the best condition:--

Price to Subscribers for complete copies in sixteen volumes £21.
Price of the new issue, and of odd Numbers 3_s._ 6_d._ per No.

*** Vols. I. and II. of the New Issue are now ready for
delivery.

INSECTA BRITANNICA. DIPTERA. By F. WALKER, Esq. F.L.S. Vol. I.
Illustrated with plates. Price 25_s._

EPISODES OF INSECT LIFE. Three vols., crown 8vo, with 108
illustrations. Price 2_l._ 8_s._, elegantly bound in fancy
cloth. Coloured and bound extra, gilt back, sides, and edges,
3_l._ 3_s._

*** Each volume, containing thirty-six illustrations, is
complete in itself, and sold separately. Price 16_s._ plain,
21_s._ coloured.

"The book includes solid instruction as well as genial and
captivating mirth. The scientific knowledge of the writer is
thoroughly reliable."--_Examiner._

"The letterpress is interspersed with vignettes clearly and
cleverly engraved on stone: and the whole pile of Natural
History--fable, poetry, theory, and fact--is stuck over with
quaint apophthegms and shrewd maxims, deduced for the benefit
of man from the contemplation of such tiny monitors as gnats
and moths. Altogether the book is a curious and interesting
one--quaint and clever, genial and well-informed."--_Morning
Chronicle._

POPULAR BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY, comprising a familiar and technical
description of the Insects most common to the British Isles. By
MARIA E. CATLOW. In twelve chapters, each being the
Entomological lesson for the month. In one vol. royal 16mo,
with sixteen coloured plates of figures. Price 10_s._ 6_d._

"Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the commoner
species, for the use of young beginners."--_Annual Address of
the President of the Entomological Society._

"Miss Catlow's 'Popular British Entomology' contains an
introductory chapter or two on classification, which are
followed by brief generic and specific descriptions in English
of above 200 of the commoner British species, together with
accurate figures of about 70 of those described; and will be
quite a treasure to anyone just commencing the study of this
fascinating science."--_Westminster and Foreign Quarterly
Review._

POPULAR HISTORY OF MAMMALIA. By ADAM WHITE, F.L.S., Assistant
in the Zoological Department of the British Museum. With
sixteen coloured Plates of Quadrupeds, &c. by B. WATERHOUSE
HAWKINS, F.L.S. Royal 16mo. 10_s._ 6_d._

"The present increase of our stores of anecdotal matter
respecting every kind of animal has been used with much tact by
Mr. White, who has a terse chatty way of putting down his
reflections, mingled with that easy familiarity which every one
accustomed daily to zoological pursuits is sure to attain. The
book is profusely illustrated."--_Atlas._

THE BRITISH PALÆOZOIC FOSSILS, added by Professor Sedgwick to
the Woodwardian Museum. By Professor M'COY. In royal 4to, with
numerous Plates.