Chapter XXXI: Epilogue (2)

France, the flight to Varennes, 1, 2, 4, 40;
change of ministry, 45;
declares war against Austria, 23, 46;
first signs of friction with England, 50;
the September massacres, 57, 59-62;
addresses of English clubs to the Convention, 65, _et seq._;
trial of the King decreed, 74, 85;
conquest of Belgium, 66, 69, 75, 83;
the November decrees, 71, 72, 75, 76, 114;
annexes Savoy, 72;
her designs on Holland, 73-76, 80, 82;
negotiations with England, 84, 95-99, 103-107;
decree of 15th December, 90, 91;
annexes Belgium, 111, 121;
declares war on England and Holland, 112;
evacuates the Netherlands, 126;
the Convention declares Pitt the enemy of the human race, 134;
revolts in the South and in Brittany, 143, 144;
destruction of her navy at Toulon, 160, 161;
the miracle of revolutionary finance, 196;
passion for unity in, 197;
successes in Belgium, 208-212;
conquest of Holland, 213-216;
treaty of Basle, 217, 223;
action in the West Indies, _see_ Chaps. IX and X;
peace with Spain, 236, 237, 244, 257;
alliance with Holland, 251, 274;
supposed connection with the mutiny at the Nore, 316;
negotiations at Lille, 323-325;
_coup d'état_ of Fructidor 18, 1797, 324;
the Directory rejects Pitt's overtures for peace, 324-327, 336, 338;
intrigues with Irish rebels, 345-351, 391;
preparations for the eastern expedition, 356, 357;
makes offers of peace to Russia, 375;
expeditions to Ireland, 362-364, 394-396;
her supremacy in Europe, 365;
destruction of her fleet at Aboukir, 367, 368;
conquest of Naples, 372;
Austria declares war on (1799), 374;
her responsibility for the war, 374;
defeats in Italy, 376;
Peace of Amiens, 470;
declares war on England (1803), 487;
alliance with Spain, 513, 514.

Francis II, Emperor, his accession, 45;
war with France, 46;
his French policy, 120 _n._;
dismisses Cobenzl, 129;
his character, 189-199, 231, 560;
takes command of the army in Flanders, 206;
returns to Vienna, 209;
appeals to England, 366;
refuses to interfere in Naples, 372;
declares war against France, 374;
his timid conduct, 508, 515;
his truce proposals after Austerlitz, 544, 545.

Francis, Sir Philip, 23, 238, 290.

Free Trade, demand for (in corn), 289;
Pitt's ideal, 427, 428.

Frederick William II, of Prussia, alliance with Austria, 5, 43;
signs the Declaration of Pilnitz, 5;
encourages Francis II to war, 46;
his conduct of the war, 121, 129, 142, 200-204, 207, 215;
difficulties of his position, 201;
affects indignation with Pitt, 213;
makes treaty of Basle with France, 217;
his character, 231.

Frederick William III, of Prussia, refuses to join the Allies, 373, 374;
his policy, 515, 523, 528, 535-537;
his character, 535, 560;
signs the Treaty of Potsdam, 539;
his demand for Hanover, 540, 541, 552;
agrees to the Convention of Schönbrunn, 553;
deserts the Allies, 553, 556.

French _émigrés_, 1-3, 6, 7, 155;
Pitt and, 3, 6, 259, 287, 454;
in England, 63, 64, 165;
and the Quiberon expedition, 259-261;
hated by George III, 261.

French, Sir Thomas, 518.

Frere, Hookham, 327;
Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 421;
at Canning's wedding, 464, 465;
Ambassador at Madrid, 514.

"Friends of the People," the, 23, 24, 40, 167, 168, 171.

Frost, John, 66, 70, 115, 172;
his conviction, 172, 173.

Gales, of Sheffield, arrested, 186.

Game Laws, Bill for Reform of, 295.

Garat, Dominique Joseph, 111.

Garcia, Don, Spanish Governor of San Domingo, 228, 229, 235.

Gardiner, Colonel, British envoy at Warsaw, 54.

Gardner, Vice-Admiral Sir Allan, 311.

Garnier, moves that it shall be lawful to murder Pitt, 134.

General Convention of the People, proposal for, 186-189, 192, 193, 284.

Genlis, Mme. de, 79.

Genoa (the Ligurian Republic), 150 _n._, 386, 470;
annexed by Napoleon, 528, 529.

George III, his replies to Leopold II and Gustavus III on intervention
in France, 3, 4;
dismisses Thurlow, 34;
his attitude to proposed coalition of Pitt and the Old Whigs, 36-38;
his reception of Talleyrand, 43;
his hostility to France, 44, 51, 115;
increasing loyalty to, 86;
sympathy with Louis XVI, 91;
orders Chauvelin to leave the country, 108, 109 _n._;
his view of the war, 119;
advocates the siege of Dunkirk, 127, 130;
his influence in military affairs, 128, 205, 207, 208, 214, 215, 217;
opposed to peace, 243, 276, 321-323;
offered the crown of Corsica, 256;
insists on keeping troops in Hanover, 261, 273, 274;
his dislike of the _émigrés_, 261;
outrage on, in the Mall, 277 _n._, 282, 283, 286;
his patronage of agriculture, 291;
on the peace negotiations, 324, 325;
disapproves of Pitt's duel with Tierney, 336;
Irish policy, 342, 358, 359, 394, 409;
story of Dundas and, 388;
his opposition to Catholic Emancipation, 433-439;
accepts Pitt's resignation, 439, 444, 445;
his madness, 447, 448, 497-499, 506, 507;
extracts a pledge from Pitt, 448, 449;
his neglect of literature and art, 456;
objects to Fox's inclusion in the Ministry, 499, 500, 530;
rejects Napoleon's peace overtures, 516;
his character and relations with Pitt, 561-564.

Gerrald, Joseph, 177, 180, 181;
his trial and transportation, 182, 183.

Gibbon, Edward, remark of George III to, 456.

Gibraltar, proposed cession to Spain, 277;
demanded by Spain, 323, 565.

Gillray, James, 530.

Gisborne, Dr., 447.

Gladstone, W. E., his Home Rule Bill (1886), 415.

Glasgow, political agitation in, 173, 178.

Godoy, Manuel de (afterwards Duke of Alcudia and Prince of the Peace),
Spanish Minister, 154, 157;
his story concerning Pitt refuted, 92, 93;
his relations with the Queen, 230;
his character, 230, 231;
Anti-British intrigues, 232, 235, 237, 242, 243, 275;
makes peace with France, 233, 234, 236;
protests against British action in Hayti, 234, 235;
made Prince of the Peace, 237;
declares war against England, 244;
gives aid to France, 513, 514, 560.

Gordon, Duke of, 476.

Gordon, Duchess of, 300 _n._;
Pitt and, 459.

Gower, Earl, Ambassador at Paris, 42, 45, 47, 58;
recalled, 58.

Gower, Lord Granville Leveson-, 465;
Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 526, 527, 529.

Graaf-Reinet, settlement of, 252, 254.

Graham, A., and D. Williams, their report on the mutiny at the
Nore, 316-318.

Granard, Lord, 402.

Grattan, Henry, 339-341, 343, 344, 398, 408, 411.

Gravina, Rear-Admiral, 148, 150, 153.

Grégoire, Henri, 72, 83, 114.

Grenada, revolt in, 239;
capture of, 241.

Grenville, Thomas, special envoy at Vienna, 199, 211;
his mission to Berlin (1798), 373, 374;
on the peace proposals (1801), 469;
negotiates the Grenville-Fox alliance, 496.

Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, Foreign Secretary, 3, 6-9, 37, 68,
312, 421;
opposes Flood's motion for Reform, 12;
on the Birmingham riots, 19;
his marriage, 37;
his assurances to Talleyrand, 43-45;
his policy regarding the Belgic Provinces, 47, 48;
his treatment of Chauvelin, 50, 79, 98, 99, 104, 105, 115;
assertion of neutrality, 51, 52, 61, 69, 98;
policy towards Poland, 54;
ignorant of events in France, 58;
his concern at the November decrees, 72-74;
regards war as unavoidable, 76, 77, 82;
makes overtures to Austria, 84;
his fears of Spanish weakness, 92;
negotiations with France, 97-101, 103-108;
his despatch to Whitworth on British aims, 99, 100;
declines to treat with Maret, 109-112;
his belief in neutrality, 113;
forms the first coalition, 123;
ignorant of military affairs, 128;
his war policy, 129, 132, 142, 143, 150, 153 _n._, 154-156, 161, 196,
202, 204-213, 256, 263, 266, 369, 371, 375, 377-380, 382-384;
offers to resign, 213, 217, 323;
West Indian policy, 224, 225, 228;
negotiations with Spain, 233, 234, 243;
opposed to negotiations for peace, 276, 322-326;
introduces the Treasonable Practices Bill, 285;
supports the Finance Bill (1797), 330;
on Irish policy, 341, 342, 400, 403, 406;
and the Catholic question, 432, 436, 437, 439 _n._, 449, 519;
resigns, 440;
on Pitt's resignation, 445, 446;
his relations with Pitt, 454, 469, 479, 480, 510, 511;
on Pitt's scholarship, 458;
opposed to peace (1801), 469;
his plans for overthrowing Addington, 495, 496;
alliance with Fox, 496;
refuses to join Pitt's new ministry, 500-502;
opposes Pitt, 502-504, 510, 517, 55, 557, 559.

Grey, General Sir Charles (afterwards 1st Earl Grey), 225;
letter from Pitt to, 381.

Grey, Charles (afterwards 2nd Earl Grey), 23, 188, 191, 276, 516, 519;
motions for Reform, 24, 316;
opposes proclamation against seditious writings, 25;
supports Fox, 89;
on the Scottish prosecutions, 179;
opposes the Act of Union, 427, 428.

Griffith, Rev. John, of Manchester, 185.

Guadeloupe, planters appeal to England for protection, 221;
captured and again recovered, 225, 237, 240, 249.

Guiana, abolition of Slave Trade in, 503.

Guipuzcoa, province of, 233, 235.

Gustavus III of Sweden, 2-4, 7;
assassinated, 46.

Gustavus IV of Sweden, refuses aid against Holland, 380;
makes a convention with England, 516;
his hostility to Napoleon, 528.

Habeas Corpus Act, suspension of (1794), 191, 193, 285;
(1798), 333, 351;
in Ireland, 345.

Hague Convention (1794), 207.

Hailes, Daniel, British envoy at Warsaw, 53-55.

Hair-powder, disuse of, 290;
tax on, 307.

Hameln, held by the French, 544.

Hamilton, Sir William, 150 _n._, 372.

Hamilton, Lady, 372.

Hammond, George, envoy to the United States, 291.

Hanover, British troops kept in, 261, 273, 274;
coveted by Prussia, 535-537, 540, 541, 552;
British expedition to, 542, 551, 555, 556.

Hanoverian troops, landed in England, 181, 188.

Hanriot, François, 59.

Hardenberg, Karl August, Prince von, 212;
signs the Treaty of Basle, 217;
Prussian Foreign Minister, 529, 536, 540, 545.

Hardwicke, Earl of, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 429, 501.

Hardy, Thomas, his "Corresponding Society," 21, 23, 68, 167;
letter to Dr. Adams, 65, 66;
sends address from combined patriotic societies to French
Convention, 67, 68;
circular on a General Convention, 187, 188;
arrested, 190;
acquitted, 192;
letter from Thelwall to, 352 _n._

Hare, Captain, 160.

Harington, Mr., Mayor of Bath, 165.

Harrington, Earl of, commander of the forces in London, 319;
his mission to Berlin, 556.

Harris, Sir James. _See_ Malmesbury, Lord.

Harrowby, Earl of (Dudley Ryder), 290, 294, 451;
acts as Pitt's second, 334, 335;
Foreign Secretary, 501, 514, 515, 517, 523;
Chancellor of the Duchy, 530;
his mission to Berlin, 538-547, 552 _n._;
breakdown of his health, 545, 546, 553, 558;
recalled, 556.

Haugwitz, Count von, Prussian Foreign Minister, 202, 206, 207, 212, 515,
536, 537, 540, 543, 553, 560.

Hawkesbury, Lord, 81, 221;
Foreign Secretary, 468, 479, 487;
Home Secretary, 501, 507, 514, 517, 518, 521, 532, 549, 555.

Hayley, W., letter to Pitt, 455, 456.

Hayti, proposed transfer to England, 131;
rising of negroes in, 220, 223;
requests British protection, 220;
its wealth and prosperity, 222, 223;
British successes in, 223, 225-227, 232, 233;
Spanish action in, 224, 227-229, 239;
increasing difficulties in, 245, 246;
English evacuation of, 247;
267, 274, 275.

Hébert, Jacques René, 180.

Helvoetsluys, 127, 216, 267.

Henry, Prince, of Prussia, 207.

Hermann, General, 382.

Hervilly, Comte d', 261, 274.

Hesse-Cassel, compact with England, 123.

Hessian troops, landed in England, 188.

Hobhouse, Sir Benjamin, on the Finance Bill of 1797, 329.

Hoche, General Lazare, 162, 200, 261, 262, 277, 304, 308, 346.

Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, Prince of, 121.

Holcroft, Thomas, 167, 193,

Holwood House, sale of, 473.

Holland. _See_ Dutch Republic.

Holland, Lord, 330, 413, 481 _n._, 519;
opposes the Act of Union, 421.

Hondschoote, battle of, 140.

Hood, Alexander. _See_ Bridport, Lord.

Hood, Samuel Lord, occupies Toulon, 134, 144, 145;
his difficulties and quarrels, 150-160, 232, 267;
occupies Corsica, 256, 257.

Hotham, Admiral (afterwards Lord), 232.

Horsley, Samuel, Bishop of Rochester, and afterwards of St. Asaph,
286, 497.

Houchard, General, 140.

Howe, Admiral Lord, his victory of the 1st of June, 192, 225, 269;
quells the mutiny at Spithead, 310-314.

Hugues, Victor, Republican leader in the West Indies, 239, 240, 248.

Humbert, General, his expedition to Ireland, 362, 394, 395.

Hutchinson, John Hely, General (afterwards Earl of Donoughmore), at the
"Castlebar Races," 362;
in Egypt, 387.

Hythe military canal, 512.

Illuminati, the, 26.

Income Tax, graduated, suggested, 20, 22, 307;
imposed by Pitt, 329, 370, 427, 450;
abandoned by Addington, 480.

India, 387, 388, 460-464, 565.

India Bill, Pitt's (1784), 568.

Ireland, Parliament refuses franchise to Catholics, 77;
grave situation in, 278, 321, 333, 336;
Hoche's expedition to, 304, 308;
English loan to, 308, 347;
the Rebellion of 1798, 330, _and see_ Chaps. XVI, XVIII;
Earl Fitzwilliam's Viceroyalty, 339-342;
Maynooth founded, 343;
feuds and disturbances, 344, 345;
Camden's policy of coercion, 345-348, 352, 355, 391;
financial straits, 347;
Franco-Irish plots, 349-351, 354;
resignation of Abercromby, 354;
progress of the Rebellion, 355-364;
French invasions, 362-364, 394, 395;
the Union, _see_ Chaps. XVIII, XIX;
policy of Cornwallis, 395, 396;
corruption in Parliament, 402, 424, 425;
debates on the Act of Union, 411-415, 425-428;
continued danger from France, 420, 421, 425, 430;
financial relations with England, 425, 427, 568;
Act of Union passed, 428;
pocket boroughs disfranchised, 428;
Union honours, 428, 429.

Isherwood, Mr., 460.

Jackson, George, his "Diaries," 546.

Jackson, Mrs., 547.

Jackson, F. L., _chargé-d'affaires_ at Madrid, 92, 229;
recalled, 230.

Jacobi, Baron, Prussian Ambassador in London, 212, 213.

Jacobins Club, the, in Paris, 25, 26, 42, 168, 169.

Jamaica, sends help to Hayti, 220, 223;
coffee-planting in, 222;
atrocities of Maroons in, 237, 238.

Jassy, Treaty of, 29, 52.

Jay, John, American envoy to London, 291.

Jean François, negro leader, 239.

Jebb, Richard, his pamphlet against Union, 406.

Jekyll, Joseph, M.P., on the new taxes (1797), 330.

Jemappes, battle of, 57, 69, 113, 114.

Jenkinson, Charles. _See_ Liverpool, Earl of.

Jermagnan, Colonel de, 160.

Jervis, Sir John. _See_ St. Vincent, Earl of.

Johnstone, General, 361.

Jones, Thomas, M.P., 426.

Jourdan, Marshal, 140, 141.

Joyce, Rev. Jeremiah, letter to Horne Tooke, 190;
arrested, 190;
discharged, 193.

Jülich, Duchy of, 46.

June 1st, 1794, battle of, 192, 225, 269.

Kaiserslautern, battle of, 208.

Kalkreuth, General, 543.

Kaunitz, Prince, Austrian Chancellor, 5-9, 45, 50, 53, 199, 218.

Keir, Dr., of Birmingham, 17.

Keith, Sir Robert Murray, Ambassador at Vienna, 42, 46;
begs for recall, 50.

Kenmare, Lord, 393.

Kent, Duke of, 447, 448.

Kenyon, Lord, 331.

Kersaint, Captain, his speech against England, 102, 103, 106.

Killala, French landing at, 362, 363.

King, Lord, opposes the Act of Union, 421.

Kinglake, A. W., 490.

Korsakoff, General, 375, 378, 379.

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 53, 206.

Kyd, Stewart, arrested, 190;
discharged, 193.

Lageard, de, witty remark of, 276.

Laharpe, F. C. de, 369.

Lake, General, 348, 357, 361, 362.

Lally-Tollendal, Comte de, 43, 93.

Lambton, John, 23.

Landrecies, surrendered, 210.

Land Tax, 30, 31;
Pitt's Commutation Act, 331-333, 568.

Langara, Admiral, 144, 146, 153, 154, 157, 159, 232.

Lansdowne, Marquis of, Gillray's cartoon of, 35;
intimate with Talleyrand, 51, 77 _n._;
opposes Government policy, 87;
opposes the Aliens Bill, 94;
on the insult to the King, 283.

Larochejaquelein, Marquis de, 136.

Las Casas, Spanish Ambassador in London, 243.

Lascelles, Mr., M.P., 559.

Lauderdale, Earl of, 23, 179, 286;
opposes the Aliens Bill, 94.

Laurence, Dr. French, 427.

Lebrun, P. M. Henri, French Foreign Minister, 58, 60, 69;
account of his career, 59;
his instructions to Dumouriez, 73, 74;
and Maret, 79-81;
negotiations with England, 84, 87, 89-91, 97, 104-108, 116;
his report on the negotiations, 95, 96, 101, 113, 117.

Leeds, Duke of (Marquis of Carmarthen), 35 _n._;
suggested as First Lord of the Treasury in Coalition Ministry, 36-38;
interview with the King, 37;
opposes the taxes of 1797, 329.

Lees, John, 355, 395, 396, 406, 418.

Leopold II, correspondence with George III on intervention in France, 2, 3;
signs the Declaration of Pilnitz, 5, 6;
distrusted by Pitt and Grenville, 8;
anxious to avoid war with France, 42;
his death, 45.

Lescure, Marquis de, 136.

Letourneur, C. L. F. Honoré, 323.

Lewins, Edward John, delegate of the United Irishmen in Paris, 346, 348.

Liancourt, Duc de, story of his flight, 63, 64.

Ligurian Republic. _See_ Genoa.

Lille, 122, 123, 127, 129;
peace negotiations at (1797), 247, 323-325.

Lincoln, Bishop of. _See_ Tomline, George Pretyman.

Liverpool, Earl of (Charles Jenkinson), 39, 290, 322, 330, 406.

Liverpool, dock strike at, 62;
press-gang at, 166, 167.

Livingston, Mr., American Envoy at Paris, 505, 506.

Lloyd, George, 169.

London, Preliminaries of, 468-470.

Long, Charles (afterwards Lord Farnborough), 415, 439, 465, 476, 557.

Longueville, Lord, letter to Pitt on the Union, 402, 403.

Lorraine, 46, 122, 142, 197, 199, 200.

Loughborough, Lord (Alexander Wedderburn), Lord Chancellor, 34, 35, 296,
297, 312, 331;
his efforts to bring about a union between Pitt and the Old Whigs,
36-38, 39 _n._;
on the Scottish prosecutions, 179;
interviews with Grattan, 340;
on union with Ireland, 391, 399;
opposes Catholic Emancipation, 431-437, 440, 443, 445;
his record, 431, 432;
dismissed and created Earl of Rosslyn, 451;
the King's comment on his death, 451.

Louis XVI, the flight to Varennes, 1, 4, 10;
accepts new constitution, 7;
letter to George III, 49;
his trial decreed, 74, 85, 96;
English sympathy for, 86;
proposed appeal from England for his life, 91, 92;
stories of Spanish and other efforts on his behalf, 92-94;
his execution, 108, 117;
his responsibility for the Revolution, 560.

Louis, Dauphin (Louis XVII), 145, 146, 156;
his death, 259.

Louis XVIII. _See_ Provence, Comte de.

Louisa, Queen, of Prussia, 535, 536.

Loyal Associations, growth of, 86.

Loyalty Loan, 305, 306.

Lucchesini, Marquis di, Prussian Ambassador at Vienna, 203, 207.

Lunéville, Treaty of, 470, 529.

Lyons, fall of, 147, 151.

Macartney, Earl, his embassy to Pekin, 32;
Governor of the Cape, 254, 255.

MacBride, Admiral, 269 _n._

McCullum, of Manchester, trial of, 185.

Macdonald, General, 376.

Macdonald, Sir Archibald, Attorney-General, 172.

Mack, General, 204;
his plan of campaign (1794), 205;
declines to serve under Coburg, 206;
surrenders at Ulm, 534, 537.

Mackenzie, Sir Kenneth, 174.

Mackintosh, Sir James, his "Vindiciae Gallicae," 16, 23.

Macleod, General, M.P., 238.

McNevin, William James, delegate of the United Irishmen in Paris, 346, 348;
arrested, 354, 394.

Macqueen of Braxfield, Lord Justice Clerk, his trial of Muir, 176,
178, 179;
trial of Margarot and Gerrald, 183, 184.

MacRitchie, W., his "Diary of a Tour through Great Britain in 1795," 265.

Maestricht, the French demand a passage through, 82.

Mainz, siege of, 130, 134, 136, 138, 200.

Maitland, General, evacuates Hayti, 247, 248.

Mallet du Pan, 6, 135, 338, 370.

Malmesbury, Lord (Sir James Harris), furthers proposed union between Pitt
and the Old Whigs, 36, 38;
on the opening of the Scheldt, 75;
his mission to Berlin, 200-202, 204;
makes treaty with Prussia, 206-208;
agreement with Hardenberg, 212;
goes to Brunswick, 214, 215;
his mission to Paris, 321;
negotiations at Lille, 323-326;
his statements controverted, 434, 445, 448, 465, 550 _n._;
urges Pitt to action, 481;
mentioned, 90, 286, 497, 524 _n._, 537, 553, 559.

Malouet, Baron Pierre Victor, his "Mémoires," 92, 93;
envoy from Hayti to England, 131, 221, 222, 239, 247 _n._

Malt, tax on, 30, 31, 450.

Malta, Pitt's policy with regard to, 255, 277 _n._, 327, 468-470, 478,
480, 565;
the French in, 368, 369, 373, 387, 388;
Craig's expedition to, 525, 526;
Russian aims in, 526-527;
its value to England, 539.

Manchester, Nonconformists in, 11;
political clubs founded, 12, 13, 17;
disorder in, 62.

"Manchester Constitutional Society," 12, 168, 169, 185.

Mann, Admiral, 243.

Mansfield, Lord, death of, 303.

Marengo, battle of, 386, 387.

Maret, Hugues Bernard (afterwards Duc de Bassano), in London, 79, 83,
94 _n._, 101;
interviews with Pitt, 79-82, 84;
his letter to Miles, 105-107;
his alleged mission to London, 108-112, 117;
ordered to leave, 112;
on Chauvelin, 115 _n._;
one of the plenipotentiaries at Lille, 323.

Margarot, Maurice, 177, 181;
his trial and transportation, 182-184.

Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples, 365, 368, 372, 376.

Maria Luisa, of Parma, Queen of Spain, 230, 231, 237.

Maria Theresa, 2nd wife of the Emperor Francis II, 199.

Marie Antoinette, the flight to Varennes, 1, 4, 10;
her anger, 7;
her schemes, 7, 49, 85;
her execution, 141.

Maritime Code, British, opposed by the Baltic powers, 388.

Markoff, Russian minister, 122.

Maroons, their atrocities in Jamaica, 237, 238.

Marseilles, the Royalists in, 144-146.

Martello towers, 512, 513.

Martinique, failure of English attack on, 221;
capture of, 225;
to be ceded to France, 469.

Masséna, André (Duc de Rivoli), 378, 386.

Maubeuge, siege of, 141.

Maulde, French envoy at The Hague, 76, 82, 83.

Maxwell, Colonel, 360.

Maxwell, Dr., of York, his order for daggers, 64, 65.

Maxwell, James, of York, 64, 65.

Maynooth College, founded, 343, 344.

Mealmaker, author of "An address to the People," 178.

Melas, Field-Marshal, 376.

Melvill, 324-326.

Melville, Lord. _See_ Dundas, Henry.

Mercy d'Argenteau, Count, 4, 7, 8 _n._, 205.

Merry, Antony, Secretary of legation at Madrid, 242.

Merveldt, General Count, 205.

Middleton, Sir Charles. _See_ Barham, Lord.

Miles, William Augustus, British agent at Paris, 59, 60, 79, 84, 85, 93,
94, 99, 105, 106, 109-111.

Militia, the, 509, 510.

Militia Acts, 279.

Milman, Dr., the King's physician, 506.

Mingay of Norfolk, 188.

Minto, Earl of (Sir Gilbert Elliot), his motion to repeal the Test Act
in Scotland, 13, 14;
on Fox's conduct, 90;
commissioner at Dunkirk, 138-140;
commissioner at Toulon, 154, 156, 162;
Viceroy of Corsica, 244, 256-258;
Ambassador at Vienna, 380, 383, 384;
speech on the Union, 421.

Mirabeau, Count, 2, 11, 42, 171.

Miranda, General Francesco, 103, 106, 109;
ordered to prepare for invasion of Holland, 107;
defeated by Coburg, 126.

Missouri River, British mercantile ports on, 244.

Mitchell, Admiral, his successes against the Dutch, 381.

Mitford, Sir John (afterwards Lord Redesdale), made Speaker, 439;
letter to Pitt, 485, 486.

Moira, Earl of, 137, 158, 165, 209, 262, 268, 355, 497.

Möllendorf, Marshal, 201, 207, 208, 212, 217.

Monge, Gaspard, French Minister for the Navy, 58;
his circular letter, 101-103, 106.

Montrose, Duke of, President of the Board of Trade, 501.

Moore, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 294, 302;
and Catholic Emancipation, 434, 437;
death of, 477.

Moore, Sir John, on Abercromby, 240;
in the West Indies, 241;
in Corsica, 257, 274;
in Ireland, 361;
and the Volunteers, 492, 493, 510, 512, 547.

More, Hannah, 335, 337.

Moreau, General, 276, 376.

"Morning Chronicle," the, 66, 178;
in the pay of the French Embassy, 66 _n._;
prosecution of, 173.

"Morning Post," the, 66.

Mornington, Earl of. _See_ Wellesley, Marquis.

Morris, Gouverneur, 96 _n._;
on the state of France in 1795, 259.

Moylan, Bishop, 417, 425 _n._

Muir, Thomas, 174, 175;
goes to Paris, 175;
his trial and sentence, 176, 179, 180;
at Sydney, 177;
his death, 177.

Mulgrave, 1st Lord, 148.

Mulgrave, Henry, 2nd Lord (afterwards Earl of Mulgrave), Chancellor of
the Duchy, 501, 514;
Foreign Secretary, 517, 523, 527, 538, 542, 549, 550, 552, 556.

Munro, British _chargé-d'affaires_ in Paris, 64 _n._, 68.

Münster, Treaty of (1648), 71, 76.

Murphy, Father John, his barbarities in Wexford, 360-362;
hanged, 362.

Murphy, Father Michael, 360;
killed, 361.

Murray, Sir James, envoy at Frankfurt, 108, 122 _n._, 126 _n._;
Chief of Staff to the Duke of York, 140, 220.

Nagel, Dutch envoy in London, appeals for help, 77.

Nantes, assault of, 136.

Naples, compact with England, 123, 143, 150, 267, 268;
French conquest of, 372;
Nelson's vengeance on, 376;
makes peace with Bonaparte, 386;
468.

Napoleon Bonaparte, 119, 120, 570;
his "Souper de Beaucaire," 146;
at Toulon, 147, 148, 151, 159;
his Italian campaign, 243, 257, 258, 276, 304, 308, 321, 365;
his Eastern expedition, 244, 245, 255, 258, 276, 278, 328, 350, 356,
357, 363, 364, 430;
disperses the royalist rising in Paris (1795), 263;
peace of Campo Formio, 327;
at Dunkirk, 349;
First Consul, 383, 468-470, 478;
proposes terms of peace to Austria and England, 383, 568;
battle of Marengo, 386, 387;
dupes the Czar, 388;
renews peace negotiations, 468;
his conquests (1802), 478;
his behaviour to Whitworth, 485;
declares war on England, 487;
threatened invasion of England, 493, 510, 511;
his position in 1804, 505;
seizes Sir H. Rumbold, 515;
again proposes terms of peace, 516;
crowned King of Italy, 528;
annexes Genoa, 528, 529;
battle of Austerlitz, 544.

National Debt, the (1792), 31;
(1801), 451.

National Defence, 278-281.

Navy, state of the (1793), 124;
causes of discontent in, 310;
mutinies at Spithead and the Nore, 310-320.

Needham, General, 361.

Neerwinden, battle of, 126, 127, 267.

Nelson, Lord, in Corsica, 256;
on the position of Italy, 277;
at Cape St. Vincent, 276, 309;
battle of the Nile, 367-369;
at Naples, 372, 376;
battle of Copenhagen, 388, 450;
interview with Pitt, 533;
battle of Trafalgar, 534, 538, 565;
death of, 521, 538.

Nepean, Sir Evan, on the Scottish prosecutions, 178;
Pitt at his house, 459;
Irish Secretary, 501, 519.

Netherlands, Austrian, ceded to France, 327.

Netherlands, Dutch. _See_ Dutch Republic.

New Ross, fight at, 360, 361.

New South Wales, 565.

Nicholls, Mr., 330, 472.

Nicols, General, 241.

Nile, battle of the, 368, 369.

Noël, French agent in London, 60, 69, 82, 89 _n._, 93, 94, 96.

Nonconformists, position of, 10, 11;
no longer support Pitt, 12;
riots in Birmingham, 18.

Nootka Sound dispute, the, 92, 154, 197, 235;
Convention, 232.

Nore, the, mutiny at, 314-320.

Norfolk, Duke of, his seditious speech, 333;
and Arthur O'Connor, 350.

Norwich, Bishop of. _See_ Sutton, Charles Manners, 477.

Norwich, Radical Clubs at, 168, 181, 186, 284.

Novossiltzoff, Count, his mission to London, 516, 522, 525;
in Berlin, 528, 529.

O'Brien, Sir Edward, 408.

O'Coigly. _See_ Quigley.

O'Connor, Arthur, 346, 350, 351, 394.

O'Drusse, 325, 326.

O'Finn, the brothers, 351.

O'Hara, General, at Toulon, 153, 154, 156;
captured, 157.

Orange, Prince of. _See_ William V.

Orange, Wilhelmina, Princess of, 250.

Orangemen, 344, 359;
oppose the Union, 425.

Orde, Thomas (afterwards Lord Bolton), 39.

Orleans, Duke of (Philippe Egalité), 59, 79.

Otto, General, 208.

Oubril, Count d', 540, 541.

Pache, Jean Nicolas, French Minister of War, 83, 121.

Paine, Thomas, his "Rights of Man," 14-16, 19-23, 25, 26, 50, 167;
intimate with Talleyrand, 51;
elected as deputy for Calais, 61;
circulation of his works, 167, 168, 175;
prosecution of, 172;
story of, 180.

Palmer, T. F., transported for sedition, 178, 179.

Paoli, Pascal, 150 _n._, 227, 256, 257.

Paris, deputation of British residents to the National Convention, 71;
activity of Britons in, 175;
royalist rising in, 263.

Parker, Vice-Admiral, 311.

Parker, Richard, and the Mutiny at the Nore, 314, 315.

Parker, Theresa, on the taxes of 1797, 329.

Parliament, movement for Reform, 11, 12, 21, 23-28, 164, 171, 180, 181;
evolution of the Cabinet, 34;
growing power of the Prime Minister, 34;
election of 1796, 295.

Parnell, Sir John, Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer, 341, 401, 411.

Parsons, Sir L., 424.

Parthenopean Republic, the, 372.

Paterson, Chairman of the British Convention, 182.

Patriotic Contribution, the (1797), 330, 331.

Paul I, Czar, 258;
his indignation with France, 365, 366, 368, 369;
alliance with England, 373, 376;
breaks with Austria, 379;
joins England in the expedition against Holland, 380;
duped by Bonaparte, 388;
murdered, 388.

Pays Bas. _See_ Belgic Provinces.

Peel, Robert (senior), and the Patriotic Contribution, 331;
on the Union, 428.

Peep o' Day Boys, 344.

Pelham, Thomas (afterwards Earl of Chichester), Secretary to Earl
Camden, 343;
Irish Chief Secretary, 359 _n._, 399;
on Pitt's pledge to the King, 448;
Home Secretary, 483, 484;
omitted from Pitt's ministry, 501.

Perceval, Spencer, 466;
Attorney-General 501, 569.

Perth, sedition in, 77, 174.

Pétion, Jérôme, 58.

Petty, Lord Henry, 520.

Pichegru, General Charles, 162, 200, 215, 216, 377.

Pilnitz, Declaration of, 5, 6.

Pinckard, Dr., his account of the West India expedition, 226.

Pitt, Lady Ann, marries Lord Grenville, 37.

Pitt, Thomas, of Boccanoc. _See_ Camelford, Lord.

Pitt, William, his neutrality towards the French Revolution, 3-5, 6, 8;
first private meeting with Burke, 7, 8;
distrusts Leopold II, 8;
opposes Nonconformist claims, 10-12, 24;
his opposition to Reform, 12, 23, 24, 26-28;
his finance, 30-32, 265, 304-309, 328-333, 369-371, 427, 450, 451;
sends Lord Macartney to China, 32;
insists on dismissal of Thurlow, 34;
rumour of his impending fall, 35;
negotiates for union with the Old Whigs, 35-39, 270;
made Warden of the Cinque Ports, 39, 89;
interview with Canning, 39-41;
his reception of Talleyrand, 43;
discussion of his policy, 46-48;
assertion of neutrality, 48, 50, 52, 61, 98;
cautious Polish policy, 55;
ignorant of events in France, 58;
life at Holwood and Walmer, 68;
foresees no danger, 69;
his concern at the November decrees, 72-74, 76;
his assurances to Holland, 74, 114;
considers war unavoidable, 76, 77;
interviews with Maret, 79-80, 84;
support of his policy not unanimous, 89, 90;
his firm attitude, 91;
Godoy's story of, 92, 93;
Lebrun's charges against, 95, 113, 117;
stiff reply to Chauvelin, 98, 99;
declaration of policy, 100;
his anger with Miles, 106;
difficulties of neutrality, 112-113;
faults of his policy, 114-116;
harsh treatment of Radical Clubs, 114-115;
his view of the war, 118-120, 219, 220;
his war policy (1793), 123, 129, 131, 132, 137, 139, 144, 145, 147;
his care for the navy, 124, 266;
ignorant of military affairs, 128;
his optimism, 131, 144, 151, 152;
demands removal of Coburg, 142;
Mediterranean policy, 143, 258;
his intentions at Toulon, 152, 154-156;
effect of Toulon on his policy, 162, 163;
his Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164, 165;
altered attitude to Reform, 164, 171, 180;
policy of repression, 171, 183, 184, 190-194, 333;
speech on the Scottish prosecutions, 179, 180;
suspends the Habeas Corpus Act, 191;
mistaken as to affairs in France, 196, 197;
deprecates peace, 198;
war policy in 1794, 202, 204-217;
dilatoriness in ratifying Prussian Alliance, 208, 210, 269;
remonstrance to Prussian Ambassador, 212, 270;
insists on recall of the Duke of York, 215;
policy in the West Indies, 220 _et seq._;
negotiations with Spain, 233;
makes treaty with Russia and Austria, 235;
speech on abolition of slavery, 238;
inclines towards peace, 242, 243, 257, 276, 287;
tries to avert war with Spain, 243, 244;
policy at the Cape, 254, 255;
attitude towards Corsica, 256-258;
relations with the _émigrés_, 259, 287;
the Quiberon expedition, 259-262;
policy as War Minister, _see_ Chap. XII;
changes in the Cabinet, 270-272;
national defence policy, 278-281;
agitation against him, 282-284, 288;
caricatures of, 282, 301, 335 _n._, 337;
his Sedition Bills, 285-287;
action with regard to shortage of corn, 289, 290;
institutes a Board of Agriculture, 293;
treatment of the Enclosures question, 295-297;
his Poor Bill (1797), 297, 298;
his relations with Miss Eden, 300-303;
his financial embarrassments, 302, 303, 473-477;
issues a "Loyalty Loan," 305, 306;
and the mutinies in the fleet, 312-320;
compared with Chatham, 320;
further efforts for peace, 321-326;
hostility to his new taxes (1797), 329, 330;
the "Patriotic Contribution," 330, 331;
his Land Tax proposals, 331-333;
his duel with Tierney, 334-336;
verses in the "Anti-Jacobin," 337;
Irish policy, _see_ Chaps. XVI, XVIII, XIX, 566;
sends a squadron to the Mediterranean, 366, 367;
his Income Tax, 370, 427;
his aims in Europe (1798), 371;
his policy towards Switzerland, 375;
the expedition to Holland, 379-383;
rejects Bonaparte's offers of peace, 383-385, 473;
on commercial union with Ireland, 389, 390;
his first reference to the Union, 393;
preparations for the Union, 396-410;
speeches on the Act of Union, 413-415, 426, 427;
his use of bribery in Ireland, 424, 429;
his proposal for Catholic Emancipation, 431;
opposition of the King, 433-439;
breaks down in health, 435;
his resignation, 439-446, 450;
his promises to the Catholics, 441, 442, 446;
gives a pledge to the King during his illness, 448, 449, 518;
breach with Auckland, 452;
personal characteristics, 454-459, 491;
his neglect of literature and art, 456;
his scholarship, 458;
his friendship with Wellesley and Canning, 459-466;
his creations of peers, 466-468;
supports Addington and the peace proposals (1801), 468-472, 478;
vote of thanks to him carried, 472;
at Walmer, 471, 473, 474, 477;
his interest in farming and gardening, 473, 474, 479, 491;
his private expenses, 474;
subscription for, 476, 477;
relations with Addington, 473, 477, 478, 480-482, 503, 504;
at Bath, 479;
negotiations with Dundas, 483, 484;
his terms for return to office, 485;
speech on the war with France (1803), 487, 488;
death of his mother, 488;
organizes the East Kent Volunteers, 489-494, 511, 512;
Lady Hester Stanhope at Walmer, 490-493;
refuses to join Grenville, 495, 496;
agrees to accept office, 497;
attack on Addington, 499;
forms a ministry, 500-502;
and the Slave Trade, 502, 503;
difficulties of his position, 503, 504;
declines Livingston's peace proposals, 505, 506;
remonstrates with the Princess of Wales, 508;
his measures for strengthening the army, 509, 511;
constructs the Hythe Military Canal, 512;
seizes Spanish treasure-ships, 514;
on the restoration of the French monarchy, 515;
rejects Napoleon's overtures, 516, 566;
forms a junction with Addington, 517;
opposes Fox's motion for Catholic Emancipation, 518, 519;
on the impeachment of Lord Melville, 519-521;
his foreign policy (1805), 523-525;
negotiations with Russia, 525-529;
final parting with Addington, 530;
fails to form a national administration, 530;
multiplicity of his cares, 530, 531;
interview with Nelson, 533;
receives the news of Ulm, 537, 538;
his speech at the Lord Mayor's banquet (1805), 538;
his magnanimous offers to Prussia, 538, 539;
his foresight in South Africa, 539;
rejects Prussia's demand for Hanover, 541, 542;
correspondence with Harrowby, 541-547;
goes back to Bath, 547;
story of his reception of the news of Austerlitz, 548, 549;
returns home, 553, 554;
last days and death, 554-558;
opposition to his burial in the Abbey, 559;
summary of his career and character, 560-570.

Place, Francis, 283, 284, 286, 349, 350.

Pléville, Admiral, 323.

Plunket, William C. (afterwards Baron), 399, 404, 411.

Plymouth, fortification of, 124.

Pocket Boroughs, in Ireland, disfranchised, 428.

Poland, new Constitution in, 7, 52;
Russian designs on, 9, 46, 52;
scheme of partition of, 53, 129;
Russian invasion of, 53-56;
Prussian invasion of, 122;
rising in, 206;
third Partition of, 218.

Polastron, Mme., 263.

Pondicherry, 198.

Ponsonby, George, 521, 559.

Ponsonby, George, and William (afterwards Baron), Fitzwilliam's overtures
to, 339-342;
402.

Poor Bill, Pitt's (1797), withdrawn, 298, 568.

Portland, Duke of, proposed coalitions with Pitt, 35-38, 191, 208, 270;
Canning and, 39;
refuses to break with Fox, 89, 90;
Home Secretary, 191, 244-247, 257, 258, 271, 285, 316, 322, 339, 341,
342, 359, 398, 404, 407, 421, 440, 446, 483;
censures Abercromby, 353, 354;
his letters to Shelburne on the Irish settlement of 1782, 422;
Lord President, 501.

Porto Rico, failure of attack on, 246.

Portsmouth, fortification of, 124.

Portugal, Spanish designs on, 233, 234, 244;
loan to, 309;
defended by England, 386, 387, 468, 469;
pays an annual subsidy to France, 513.

Potsdam, Treaty of (1805), 539, 540.

Press-gang, the, 166.

Pretyman, Dr. _See_ Tomline, Bishop.

Price, Dr., his sermon in the Old Jewry, 12 _n._;
his death, 17.

Priestley, Dr., 10, 12, 16 _n._;
his sermon on the death of Dr. Price, 17;
his chapel and house wrecked, 18.

Pringle, Admiral, his opinion of Cape Town, 254.

Prosperous, affair at, 357, 358.

Protestants, the, in Ireland, 394, 396, 397, 400, 430;
their hostility to the Union, 408, 417, 423.

Provence, Comte de (afterwards Louis XVIII), 2, 129, 259;
refused permission to go to Toulon, 155;
at the Russian headquarters, 377.

Prussia, alliance with Austria, 5;
renounces alliance with Turkey, 5 _n._;
declares war against France, 52;
her betrayal of Poland, 52, 53, 129;
invades Poland, 122, 123;
compact with England (1793), 123;
her disputes with Austria, 200-202;
state of her finances, 201;
English proposals to, 202, 203;
treaty with England (1794), 207, 269;
her breach of faith, 212;
treaty with France (1795), 217, 218, 233;
attitude of, in 1799, 374, 380;
her conduct with regard to Hanover, 535-537, 540, 541, 552, 553,
556, 560.
_See_ Frederick William II _and_ Frederick William III.

Puisaye, Comte de, Breton leader, 260-263, 274.

Pulteney, Sir James, failure of his attack on Ferrol, 386.

Pulteney, Sir William, 174;
opposes the taxes of 1797, 329.

Putney, Bowling Green House, 554-557.

Quesnoy, siege of, 138, 141;
surrendered, 210.

Quiberon Expedition, the, 227, 239, 259-262, 274;
failure of landing at (1800), 385.

Quigley (O'Coigly), hanged for treason, 350, 354.

Radical, use of the term, 1 _n._, 10, 23.

Rastatt, Congress of, 365, 374.

Redesdale, Lord. _See_ Mitford, Sir John.

Reeves, John, founder of the "Anti-Levelling Society," 68.

Reform, influence of the French Revolution on, in England, 11;
Flood's motion for, 11, 12;
Hardy's efforts for, 21;
Pitt's opposition to, 23-28, 164, 171, 180;
change of aims, 171, 180.

Regency, threatened, 497.

Reichenbach, Conference of, 3;
Convention of, 48.

Reinhard, 108, 346.

Reuss, Prince, Austrian envoy at Berlin, 43.

Rewbell, Jean François, 325.

Reynolds, Dr., 554.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Pitt's neglect of, 456.

Richmond, Duke of, his charge against Paine, 50;
Master-General of the Ordnance, 124, 130, 131;
his incompetence, 137, 140;
his Reform plan, 168, 179, 192;
resigns, 273.

Richter, arrested, 190.

Rivoli, battle of, 308.

Robespierre, François Maximilien Joseph Isidore, 42, 116, 180;
his fall, 192, 212.

Rochester, Bishop of. _See_ Horsley, Samuel.

Roer, River, 126, 213.

Roland, J. Marie, French Minister of Home Affairs, 45, 58, 167.

Roland, Mme., 59, 86.

Rolle, Baron, French royalist agent, 5.

Rom, General, goes to San Domingo, 241.

Romilly, Sir Samuel, 61, 487 _n._, 488, 569.

Romney, Lord, 331.

Romney, George, 167.

Rose, George, Secretary to the Treasury, 6, 38, 119 _n._, 395, 448, 450;
resigns, 451, 465;
473, 475, 476, 479-482, 496, 530, 554;
Paymaster of the Forces, 501, 517.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 72, 114, 197.

Roussillon, Spanish campaign in, 197.

Rowan, Hamilton, 180, 402.

Rumbold, Sir Horace, Ambassador at Hamburg, seized by Napoleon, 515.

Russell, Lord William, 294, 422.

Russia, her designs on Poland, 9, 46, 122, 123, 129;
peace with Turkey, 29, 52;
treaties with England, 123, 235, 373, 376, 529;
successes in Italy, 376;
failure of campaign in Switzerland, 378, 379;
Dutch campaign, 379-383;
rupture with England, 388;
understanding with England, 508, 515;
compact with Austria (1804), 516;
treaty of Potsdam, 539.
_See_ Catharine II, Paul I, _and_ Alexander I.

Rutland, Duke of, 456.

Ryan, James, 442, 518, 519.

Ryder, Dudley. See Harrowby, Earl of.

St. André, André Jeanbon, 167.

St. Asaph, Bishop of. _See_ Horsley, Samuel.

St. Helen's, Lord, Ambassador at Madrid, 150, 154, 156, 228, 230.

St. Januarius, 372.

St. John, Lord, 246.

St. John, Order of, 368, 369, 373, 468, 527.

St. Lucia, 225, 237, 240, 241.

St. Vincent, Sir John Jervis, Earl of, expedition to the West Indies, 137,
225, 243;
battle of St. Vincent, 244, 277, 309, 310, 336;
in the Mediterranean, 366, 367, 420;
First Lord of the Admiralty, 483, 495, 498, 501.

St. Vincent, revolt in, 239;
relief of, 241.

St. Vincent, Cape, battle of, 244, 277, 309, 310.

Saldanha Bay, defeat of the Dutch in, 254.

San Domingo, 220, 223 _n._, 225, 233, 235;
ceded to France, 236, 237, 241, 275, 321.
_See also_ Hayti.

Santerre, Claude, 58.

"Sant' Iago," the, seizure of, 232, 233.

Sardinia, compact with England, 123, 143, 147, 150, 151, 267, 268;
growth of Jacobinism in, 197;
independence of, stipulated by Pitt, 371.

Saumur, capture of, 136.

Saurin, Capt. William, 404, 405 _n._

Savoy, annexed by France, 68, 72, 113, 276.

Saxony, Elector of, King-elect of Poland, 54.

Scheldt, the, opening of, 47, 71, 72, 75, 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 91, 97, 105,
114, 117, 119;
French gunboats in, 76, 107.

Schönbrunn, Convention of, 553.

Scotland, waking of political life in, 13, 22, 173;
failure of motion to repeal the Test Act in, 13, 14;
Radical movement in, 77, 173 _et seq._

Scott, Sir John. _See_ Eldon, Lord.

Scully, Denys, 442, 518, 519.

Sebastiani, Colonel, 483.

Secrecy, Parliamentary committee of, 167, 191, 316, 351.

"Secret Committee of England," the, 349.

Seditious Meetings Bill, 285-287.

Seditious writings, proclamation against, 24, 25, 50.

Ségur, Comte de, his mission to Berlin, 42-44.

September Massacres, the, 57, 59-62.

Seringapatam, capture of, 461, 462.

Servan, Joseph, 58.

Shannon, Lord, 341, 393, 402.

Sheares, Henry and John, United Irishmen, 354;
arrested, 355, 356.

Sheffield, disorder in, 62;
victory of Jermappes celebrated in, 70;
riots at, 166;
arrests at, 185, 186;
mass meeting at, 189, 193.

Sheffield Association, the, 21, 22, 25, 181.

Sheffield, Earl of, on French emissaries, 69, 70;
on the Corn Trade, 290;
on Pitt's redemption of Land Tax, 290, 332;
on Irish affairs, 395, 404, 421.

Shepherd, John, of Faversham, his report on shortage of corn, 289.

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, his breach with Canning, 39, 41;
warns Chauvelin of Whig patriotism, 87;
suggests an appeal to France to spare Louis, 91, 92, 94 _n._;
on the massacre of royalists at Quiberon, 262;
and the mutinies in the fleet, 312, 313, 316, 318;
on the new taxes (1797), 329;
and Arthur O'Connor, 350;
opposes the Act of Union, 412, 413, 421, 422, 427;
on Pitt's speech on the war (1803), 488;
on the danger of a standing army, 510;
as an orator, compared with Pitt, 567;
mentioned, 23, 24, 165, 179, 188, 191, 238, 241, 286, 290, 293, 309,
352 _n._, 383, 497, 498, 517, 518.

Sicily, policy of defence of, 525, 526.

Sidmouth, Viscount. _See_ Addington, Henry.

Sieyès, Abbé, 233.

Silesia, rising of the weavers in, 201.

Simcoe, Major-General, Governor of Hayti, 245, 246.

Sinclair, Charles, delegate to the British Convention, 181, 182;
turns informer, 182.

Sinclair, Sir John, President of the Board of Agriculture, 293-295;
loses his seat, 295;
his correspondence with Pitt, 296;
his General Enclosure Bill, 297;
his financial suggestions, 305, 308 _n._, 309, 332;
withdraws amendment hostile to Pitt, 328;
on Spencer Perceval, 466.

Sinking Fund, the, 31, 32, 568.

Sistova, Congress of, 3.

Skirving, William, 177;
his trial and transportation, 182-184.

Slavery question, in the West Indies, 238, 239.

Slave Trade, Wilberforce's proposals for abolition of, defeated, 502-503;
abolished in Guiana, 503.

Sluysken, Governor of the Cape, 251-253.

Smith, Adam, his "Wealth of Nations," 30, 567.

Smith, James, 175.

Smith, Joseph, Pitt's private secretary, 475, 476, 557.

Smith, Captain (afterwards Sir Sidney), at Toulon, 160.

Smith, General, M.P., 68;
opposes erection of barracks, 169, 170.

Smith, William, M.P., 79, 457.

Smugglers, their intercourse with France, 165.

Snettisham, result of enclosures at, 292.

"Soldiers' Friend," the, 169.

Sombreuil, de, surrenders at Quiberon, 262.

Somerset, Lord Charles, Paymaster of the Forces, 501.

Somerville, Lord, President of the Board of Agriculture, 296.

Sorel, Albert, mis-statements by, refuted, 277 _n._

Soult, Marshal, 379, 505, 508.

Spain, compact with England, 123;
her co-operation at Toulon, 144, 145, 150, 151, 153, 160;
disputes with the English, 153, 154, 156, 157, 197;
her action in Hayti, 224, 227-229, 239, 241, 245;
state of under Charles IV, 230, 231;
hostility to England, 232, 233;
peace with France, 236, 237, 244, 257;
declares war against England, 241, 244, 275 (1804), 513, 514;
Pitt and, 524, 560.

Spanish treasure-ships, seizure of, 514.

Spencer, Rev. Dr., of Birmingham, 18, 186.

Spencer, Earl, special envoy to Vienna, 211;
First Lord of the Admiralty, 273, 341, 342, 366, 367, 421, 436;
and the mutinies in the fleet, 311, 312, 314, 316;
opposes negotiations for peace, 322;
resigns, 440, 500.

Spitalfields weavers, their grievances, 166.

Spithead, mutiny at, 310-314.

Stadion, Johann Philipp Karl Joseph, Austrian Ambassador in London, 84.

Staël, Mme. de, at Juniper Hall, 64.

Stahremberg, Count, 205;
Austrian Ambassador in London, 366.

Stanhope, Earl, 87, 179, 188, 490, 502.

Stanhope, Lady Hester, on Pitt and women, 299, 300, 303, 454, 455,
477, 531;
at Walmer, 490-495;
at Putney, 549, 554;
her parting with Pitt, 557.

Stanhope, Lord Charles, 491.

Stanhope, Lord James, 557, 558.

Stanislaus, King, of Poland, 54.

"Star," the, 66.

Steele, Robert, Secretary to the Treasury, 412, 451, 454, 476, 557.

Stein, Baron vom, 392, 535, 560.

Stockport, "Friends of Universal Peace" at, 65.

Stofflet, Nicolas, 136.

Stralsund, Russians and Swedes at, 539.

Stratton, Mr., British _chargé d'affaires_ at Vienna, 75.

Stuart, General Sir Charles, in Corsica, 256, 257.

Sutton, Charles Manners, Bishop of Norwich, made Archbishop of
Canterbury, 477.

Sweden, refuses to aid the expedition to Holland, 380;
convention with England (1804), 516.

Swellendam, settlement of, 252.

Switzerland, 371;
importance of her position, 374;
Pitt's policy with regard to, 375, 377;
failure of campaign in, 378, 379.

"Sun," the, 67.

Suvóroff, Prince, 376, 378, 379.

Sydney, Muir at, 177.

Tainville, French envoy at The Hague, 82.

Talleyrand, Périgord Charles Maurice de, 11;
his mission to London, 41-44;
second mission, 47-51;
intimacy with the Opposition, 51;
again in London, 60;
at Juniper Hall, 64;
his "Mémoire" on a Franco-British understanding, 83;
doubts of his loyalty, 83;
expelled from England, 103;
and the peace negotiations, 325, 326.

Tallien, Jean Lambert, 262.

Talon, M., 93, 94.

Tara Hill, fight at, 357.

Targowicz, Confederation of, 53.

Tarleton, Mr., Mayor of Liverpool, 167.

Tate, Colonel, 309.

Teschen, Treaty of (1779), 365.

Test Act, the, efforts to repeal, 10, 11;
in Scotland, 13, 14.

Thanet, Lord, opposes the Act of Union, 421.

Thatched House Tavern, 25.

Thelwall, John, 167, 184, 285;
his trial, 193;
letter to Hardy, 352 _n._

Thornton, Edward, British envoy at Hamburg, 549.

Thornton, Henry, opposes the taxes of 1797, 329.

Thugut, Baron Franz von, Austrian diplomatic agent at Brussels, 46;
Chancellor, 129, 143, 148, 153 _n._, 197 _n._, 203, 204, 206, 209, 211,
212, 366, 372, 373, 378, 380, 383, 560;
his character and aims, 199, 200.

Thurlow, Lord, Lord Chancellor, his character, 33;
dismissed, 34, 35;
hostile to France, 44;
on Lord Loughborough's death, 451, 452.

Tierney, George, 316, 328, 352 _n._, 385, 427, 520;
his duel with Pitt, 334-336;
satirized by Canning, 337;
Treasurer of the Navy, 498;
refuses to serve under Pitt, 501.

"Times," the, 67.

Tippoo Sahib, 44, 250, 336, 461.

Titchfield, Marquis of, 559.

Tobago, 49;
captured by Great Britain, 198, 221.

Tomline, George Pretyman, Bishop of Lincoln, 300, 456 _n._, 473, 475-477,
495, 496;
on Pitt's resignation, 442-444, 450, 480;
on the King's illness, 447, 448;
at Putney, 554-557.

Tone, Wolfe, 78, 177, 340, 344;
goes to Paris, 345, 346;
his capture and death, 363.

Tooke, Horne, intimate with Talleyrand, 51, 167;
his speech, 190;
arrested, 190;
acquitted, 192, 193.

Tortuga, island of, 246.

Toulon, _see_ Chap. VI;
occupied by Hood, 134, 145, 267;
British aims at, 154-156;
evacuated, 160;
destruction of French navy at, 160, 161, 198;
Napoleon's preparations at, 336, 349.

Toussaint l'Ouverture, 221, 224, 239, 241, 247, 248.

Trafalgar, battle of, 521, 533, 534.

Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164, 165.

Treasonable Practices Bill, 285-287.

Trevor, J. H. (afterwards Viscount Hampden), British Minister at
Turin, 153 _n._

Trincomalee, capture of, 254.

Trinidad, capture of, 246, 248;
valued highly by Pitt, 323, 325, 468-470.

Trotter, Deputy-Treasurer of the Navy, 519, 521.

Troy, Archbishop, 412, 417, 425 _n._

"True Briton," the, 67.

Turcoing, battle of, 208, 270.

Turin, captured by the allies, 376;
470.

Turkey, makes peace with Russia, 29, 52.

Tuscany, attitude of, 150 _n._

Twiss, Colonel, 513.

Ulm, battle of, 524, 534, 536, 537, 556.

Union, the, with Ireland, _see_ Chs. XVIII, XIX;
568.

Unitarians, Pitt opposes removal of disabilities of, 24.

United Britons, 349.

United Constitutional Societies, meeting at Norwich (1792), 26.

United Englishmen, 349, 350.

United Irishmen, Society of, 78, 174, 175, 316, 327, 340, 344;
turn to France, 345, 346, 349, 351, 357, 391.

United Provinces. _See_ Dutch Republic.

United Scotsmen, 349.

United States, treaty with England (1794), 291.

Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 48, 72.

Valdez, Don, Spanish Minister of Marine, 232.

Valenciennes, 122, 123, 127, 129;
siege and fall of, 133, 134, 136;
surrendered, 210, 212, 460, 461.

Valmy, battle of, 56, 57, 61, 66, 114, 200.

Vancouver, Captain, 92;
ill-treated in California, 232.

Vandamme, General, 382.

Varennes, the flight to, 1, 2, 4;
receipt of the news in London, 10.

Vauban, Count, 262, 263.

Vendée, la, insurrection in, 135, 136;
expedition to, 237, 240, 262, 263.

Venice, suggested partition of, 129 _n._, 200.

Vereker, Colonel, 395.

Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, 231.

Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia, 522, 523, 539.

Villeneuve, Admiral, 532, 533.

Villiers, George, 506, 507.

Vinegar Hill, fight at, 360, 361.

Volunteer Bill (1804), 497, 498.

Volunteers, the, 124, 188, 278, 279, 337, 363;
Pitt's encouragement of, 474, 477, 488-494.

Volunteers, the Ulster, 78.

Vorontzoff, Count, Russian Ambassador in London, 9, 99, 123, 315, 478,
487 _n._, 527, 529, 541, 543, 550, 563.

Walcheren, Isle of, 547.

Wales, George, Prince of (afterwards George IV), his first speech at
Westminster, 51;
and the Princess Caroline, 214;
and the King's illness, 448, 449, 497;
interviews with Pitt, 449;
Lord Mornington and, 460, 461;
his relations with the King, 507, 508;
and with the Princess, 508.

Wales, Princess of, her extravagant conduct, 508.

Walker, Thomas, his "Review of Political Events in Manchester," 11;
founds the Manchester Constitutional Society, 11, 12, 17;
prosecution of, 185.

Walpole, General, acts as Tierney's second, 335.

Walpole, Horace, and the French refugees, 64.

Walter, John, of "The Times," 67.

Ward, Robert Plumer, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 550;
Pitt's care for, 557.

Wardle, Colonel, 520.

Warren, Admiral Sir John, 262, 363, 532 _n._;
Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 508.

Washington, George, 291.

Watson, Dr., Bishop of Llandaff, his speech on the Union, 421.

Watt, convicted at Edinburgh, 192, 193.

Wattignies, battle of, 141, 200.

Weishaupt, Adam, 26.

Wellesley, Marquis (Earl of Mornington), 68, 313 _n._;
on Pitt's duel with Tierney, 336;
his friendship with Pitt, 459-464, 554, 556, 566.

Wellesley, Sir Arthur (afterwards Duke of Wellington), in Flanders,
209, 210;
battle of Assaye, 463, 505;
anecdote of Pitt told by, refuted, 524;
meeting with Nelson, 533;
Pitt's last words on, 556.

West Indies, _see_ Chaps. IX, X;
British designs on, 129, 137, 155, 156, 268, 275;
risings of negroes, 220, 237, 238;
slavery in, 238, 239;
incomes derived from, 370.

Westminster programme of 1780, 168, 171.

Westmorland, Earl of, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 35, 73, 78, 151 _n._,
152 _n._, 282, 389, 402;
Master of the Horse, 339;
Lord Privy Seal, 440, 446, 501.

Wheat, shortage of (1795-6), 288-291;
regulation of export and import of, 289.

Whitbread, Samuel, 18, 19, 23, 89, 291, 294;
moves a vote of censure on Pitt, 312, 313;
his attack on Lord Melville, 518, 519.

Whitworth, Lord, Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 99, 100, 115, 122, 369, 373;
ambassador in Paris, 485, 505.

Whyte, Major-General, in the West Indies, 225, 241.

Wickham, William, envoy in Switzerland, 276, 377.

Wigan, strike of colliers at, 62.

Wigglesworth, Colonel, Commissary-General in Hayti, 245.

Wilberforce, William, opposes Flood's motion for reform, 12;
his relations with Pitt, 299, 457, 458, 503;
and "wicked" Williams, 318, 319;
pained by Pitt's duel with Tierney, 335, 336;
on the Catholic question, 417, 428;
and the Slave Trade, 502, 503;
and the impeachment of Melville, 520;
on Lord Harrowby, 538;
mentioned, 119, 238, 248, 276, 286, 420, 476, 566.

Wilkinson, James, of Sheffield, 186.

William V, Prince of Orange, 47, 74, 77 _n._, 107, 205, 216, 250, 383;
his letter to the Governor of the Cape, 250-252.

Williams, "wicked," stirs up disaffection in the army, 318, 319.

Williamson, Major-General, Governor of Jamaica, 223;
Governor of Hayti, 239;
recalled, 239.

Willis, Dr. (jun.), 447, 448.

Wilson, Rev. Edward, 287.

Winchester, French prisoners at, 165;
soldiers quartered at, 169.

Winchilsea, Lord, 412.

Windham, William, on reform, 11, 12, 24;
on the war in la Vendée, 136, 137;
on the erection of barracks, 170;
Secretary at War, 192, 259-261, 271-273, 275, 341, 342, 379, 380, 436;
opposes negotiations for peace, 322, 326;
resigns, 440;
opposed to peace (1801), 469, 470;
on the Volunteers, 494;
joins Fox and Grenville, 500, 502, 504, 510, 517, 557;
opposes motion to bury Pitt in the Abbey, 559, 560;
mentioned, 89, 188, 191, 498.

"World," the, 67.

Wurmser, General, 121, 142 _n._, 200, 243, 461.

Yarmouth, Lord, 142.

Yeu, expedition to, 263, 272, 273.

Yonge, Sir Charles, Secretary at War, 29, 128, 270.

York, Duke of, his marriage, 31;
Commander-in-Chief in Flanders, 126, 127, 130, 133, 138-142, 147, 200,
201, 204, 208, 210, 213-215, 267, 269;
effort to shelve him foiled, 205, 206;
recalled, 215, 273;
Commander-in-Chief, 273, 285, 310, 362-363, 382, 448, 507.

York, delegate to the British Convention, 181.

Yorke, Charles, Under-Secretary at War, 489, 498, 499, 509, 521, 547.

Yorke, Henry (alias Redhead), of Sheffield, 186, 189.

Young, Arthur, 291, 292;
Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, 293;
superintends draining works at Holwood, 296;
on the new taxes (1797), 329.

Young, Admiral, 311.

Yriarte, Don Domingo d', signs the peace of Basle, 236.

Zurich, battle of, 378.

Zuype Canal, the, 382.

CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.