Your National Parks, with Detailed Information for Tourists

Chapter XV: Appendix: A (2)

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The tourist making the ordinary trip on the automobile stage will not need any special clothing except a sweater or overcoat or other warm clothing for cool days. Heavy shoes or rubbers should be worn on trips through the geyser basins. A linen duster will prove very useful; dusters may be rented at the hotels and camps. Persons camping out in the Park should be provided with woolen riding-breeches or trousers, flannel shirts, light woolen underwear, felt hats, ponchos, and stout shoes. Women should wear middy blouses and cloth skirt or riding-breeches; a waterproof cape may be substituted for the poncho.

Fishing

There is good fishing in almost all of the many streams for cut-throat, Eastern brook, Loch Leven, Von Behr, rainbow, and lake trout and whitefish. The best fishing is, of course, in the streams farthest from the roads. The best fishing near the roads is in Yellowstone Lake and River, Firehole River, Madison River, Lamar Creek and Slough Creek. The fish in Yellowstone Lake are not very game and the quality is likely to be poor. The fly-fishing is best after August 1, but on the higher portions of some of the streams it is good in July. Flies and tackle of all kinds can be bought or rented in the Park. The flies generally used are the following: march brown (early fishing); black gnat; grizzly king; professor; brown hackle; cow dung, dark; cow dung, light; gray hackle, yellow body; abbey; coachman; royal coachman; Parmacheene belle; queen of waters; Jock Scott; silver doctor; white miller (for late evening).

A fishing license is not required.

Yosemite National Park

Location: Middle eastern California. Area: 1125 square miles.
Season: May 1 to November 1. Address of Supervisor: Yosemite,
California.

For many years the name YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK has been considered synonymous with Yosemite Valley, because only within the last year has it been possible for any one except an experienced mountaineer to enjoy the beauties of the wonderful area of mountains and forest that lies beyond the great Valley. Only a part of it is now supplied with permanent camps, but it is expected that more of these will be established and that more and more of this beautiful Park will be accessible every year. Yosemite is the only great Park that is accessible throughout the year. The season extends from May 1 to November 1, but the hotel in Yosemite Valley is open during the winter for those who desire to see the Park in its winter dress of snow. In winter, however, the higher portions of the Park are accessible only to hardened and experienced mountaineers.

Railroad Connections

The Yosemite Valley Railroad reaches the western border of Yosemite Park at El Portal. This road connects with the Southern Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé Railroads at Merced, where stopovers may be obtained on tourist tickets, and excursion ticket to Yosemite Village may be purchased for $18.50 for the round trip. Through sleeping and parlor cars are also operated from San Francisco to El Portal by way of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The round-trip fare from San Francisco to Yosemite Village is $23.00. During the season the Park may also be reached by automobile stage from Fresno or Merced on the Southern Pacific and Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé Railroads. The latest automobile rates from these points by way of the Yosemite Stage and Turnpike Company are as follows:--

_Automobile stage fares from Fresno or Merced to_--

Yosemite via Mariposa Big Trees, Wawona, and Inspiration Point,
in each direction $14.25

Yosemite via Mariposa Big Trees, Wawona, and Inspiration Point,
including side trip Chinquapin to Glacier Point and return,
in each direction 19.25

Yosemite and return to either point via Mariposa Big Trees,
Wawona, and Inspiration 24.00

Yosemite and return to either point via Mariposa Big Trees,
Wawona, and Inspiration Point, including side trip
Chinquapin to Glacier Point and return 29.00

Wawona, in each direction 8.50

Wawona and return to either point, including side trip to
Mariposa Big Trees 15.00

Wawona and return to either point, without side trip to
Mariposa Big Trees 14.00

Automobile Routes

The motorist approaching California over the Lincoln Highway should turn south at Ely and reach the Tioga Road at the eastern border of the Park near Mono Lake; distance about 200 miles. There are two routes from San Francisco: via Stockton, Modesto, and Coulterville, 210 miles; or via San José, Gilroy, Los Baños, Fresno, and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, 280 miles. The best route from Los Angeles is by way of Saugus, Neenach, Bakersfield, Tulare, Fresno, and Mariposa Grove of Big Trees; distance 365 miles.

The entrance fee for an automobile is $5.00 for a single trip, or $8.00 for a season permit. Speed limits range from 8 to 20 miles per hour. On account of the snow the Tioga Road is generally not open before July 15 or after October 1, the Big Oak Flat Road not before May 15 or after November 1, the Wawona Road not before May or after November. Motor-cycles are not allowed in the Park.

Hotels and Camps

At Yosemite Village in the Valley a new modern hotel is now under construction, but accommodations are now furnished by the old Sentinel Hotel, which has been refurnished, and by a number of camps.

_Hotel and Camps in Yosemite Valley_

Operated by Desmond Park Service Company:--

Sentinel Hotel, per day $4 to $5
Yosemite Falls Camp, wooden bungalows, per day 3.50
El Capitan Camp, wood frames covered with canvas and
wood floors, per day 2.50

Camp Lost Arrow, operated by W. M. Sell, Jr., per day 2.50

Camp Curry, operated by Curry Camping Company, per day 2.50

Camp Ahwahnee, operated by W. M. Sell, Sr., per day 3.75

At Glacier Point, above the Valley, the Desmond Park Service Company operates the New Glacier Point Hotel, with a uniform rate of $4.00 per day.

At Tenaya Lake, Tuolumne Soda Springs, and Merced Lake the Desmond Park-Service Company operates permanent camps known as lodges. These lodges have wood frames covered with canvas and wood floors. The rate at all of the lodges is $3.00 per day, with an additional charge of $1.00 when the lodge is occupied exclusively by one person.

Eight miles from the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, but outside the Park, is the Wawona Hotel at Wawona; rates are from $4.00 to $5.00 per day.

_By permission of the National Park Service, Department of the
Interior_]

Tours

The main roads in Yosemite National Park are the Tioga Road, which crosses the Park in an east-west direction almost in its center; the Big Oak Flat Road, by which Yosemite Valley may be reached from Modesto and Stockton; the Coulterville Road, by which Yosemite Valley may be reached from Merced; El Portal Road, between the terminus of the Yosemite Valley Railroad and Yosemite Valley; the Wawona Road, connecting Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees; and the Glacier Point Road, extending from the Wawona Road to Glacier Point. Travel between points in the Park that are not contiguous to these roads must be made on foot or horseback over the many trails that connect the principal points of interest.

Yosemite Village is the center of all activities in the Park and practically all the trips radiate from this point. Every variety of trip may be taken, ranging from a single day excursion to the peaks surrounding the Valley to a 9-day tour of the High Sierra. Arrangements may be made for extended or special trips, but the tours and trips listed below include the more important points of interest. All of these trips are under the supervision of the Desmond Park Service Company and are made on horseback unless otherwise noted. The rates include transportation only. Meals and lodging may be obtained at Glacier Point Hotel and at the lodges at the regular rates.

One-day trips:--

Vernal and Nevada Falls, round trip $3.00

Vernal and Nevada Falls, Glacier Point and return,
continuous, round trip 3.00

Vernal and Nevada Falls and Clouds Rest, round trip 3.00

Glacier Point and Sentinel Dome via Union Point
(short trail), round trip 3.00

Yosemite Point, round trip 3.00

Eagle Peak, round trip 3.00

Pohono Trail to Fort Monroe, thence by automobile from
Fort Monroe via Wawona Road to Valley 5.00

North Dome via Mirror Lake, and return via Yosemite Falls,
or _vice versa_ 3.00

Lake Tenaya via Tenaya Cañon, round trip 3.00

Glacier Point, Sentinel Dome, and Fissures via Union Point
(short trail) and return 3.00

Two-day trips:--

Happy Isles, Vernal and Nevada Falls, Glacier Point Hotel,
Sentinel Dome, Taft Point, Dewey Point, and Inspiration
Point 8.00

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, Nevada and Vernal Falls 6.00

Three-day trips:--

Happy Isles, Vernal and Nevada Falls, Merced Lake Lodge,
Merced Soda Springs, and Washburn Lake 9.00

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, Nevada and Illilouette
Falls, and Glacier Point Hotel 9.00

Four-day trips:--

Mirror Lake, Merced Lake Lodge, Merced Soda Springs,
Washburn Lake, Nevada and Vernal Falls 12.00

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, White Cascades, Le Conte,
California, Nevada, and Illilouette Falls, and Glacier
Point Hotel 12.00

Five-day trips:--

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, Tuolumne Meadows, Soda
Springs, Tuolumne Soda Springs Camp, Donohue Pass,
Mount Lyell, Glen Aulin Falls, Magee Lake, Eagle Peak,
and Yosemite Point 15.00

Six-day trips:--

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, White Cascades, Le Conte,
and California Falls, Soda Springs, Tuolumne Soda
Springs Camp, Tuolumne Meadows, Donohue Pass, Mount
Lyell, Eagle Peak, and Yosemite Point 18.00

Seven-day trips:--

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, White Cascades, Le Conte
and California Falls, Tuolumne Meadows, Soda Springs,
Tuolumne Soda Springs Camp, Donohue Pass, Mount Lyell,
Nevada and Illilouette Falls, and Glacier Point Hotel 21.00

Eight-day trips:--

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, White Cascades, Le Conte
and California Falls, Tuolumne Meadows, Soda Springs,
Tuolumne Soda Springs Camp, Donohue Pass, Mount Lyell,
Merced Lake Lodge, Merced Soda Springs, and Washburn Lake 24.00

Nine-day trips:--

Mirror Lake, Tenaya Lake Lodge, Cascades, Le Conte and
California Falls, Tuolumne Meadows, Soda Springs, Tuolumne
Soda Springs Camp, Tuolumne Pass, Mount Lyell, Merced Lake
Lodge, Merced Soda Springs, Washburn Lake, and Glacier
Point Hotel 27.00

Automobile trips to points reached by road may be made at the following rates:--

From Sentinel Hotel or any of the permanent camps:--

To or from Happy Isles or Mirror Lake, one way $ .75

Round trip to Happy Isles or Mirror Lake 1.25

To Bridal Veil Falls, one way 1.00

To Bridal Veil Falls, round trip 1.75

To Happy Isles, Mirror Lake, the Village, Cathedral
Rocks, Bridal Veil Falls, El Capitan, round trip 3.25

To Happy Isles, Mirror Lake, the Village, Cathedral
Rocks, Bridal Veil Falls, El Capitan, Artist and
Inspiration Points, round trip 4.50

To Artist and Inspiration Points, round trip 3.00

From Yosemite Valley:--

To Wawona, one way 5.50

To Wawona, round trip 9.50

To Mariposa Big Tree Grove and return to Wawona 7.75

To Mariposa Big Tree Grove, round trip 11.25

To Mariposa Big Trees and return via Inspiration
Point and Wawona, including side trip Chinquapin
to Glacier Point and return 16.25

To Glacier Point, one way 5.50

To Glacier Point, round trip 9.50

To Tuolumne Big Trees, one way 2.50

To Tuolumne Big Trees, round trip 4.25

To Tenaya Lake via Tuolumne Big Trees, one way 8.75

To Tenaya Lake via Tuolumne Big Trees, round trip 15.25

To Soda Springs via Tuolumne Big Trees, one way 10.00

To Soda Springs via Tuolumne Big Trees, round trip 17.50

From Glacier Point:--

To Mariposa Big Tree Grove and return to Valley
or Glacier Point 11.25

To Wawona, one way 5.50

To Wawona, round trip 9.50

The automobile rates from Yosemite Village to El Portal, Fresno, and Merced are given in connection with the account of the railroad connections.

Principal Points of Interest

_Distances from Yosemite Post-Office to Principal Points
in Yosemite Valley_
_Miles_
Basket Dome (top of) 9.0 Northeast
Camp Ahwahnee 1.0 West
Camp Curry 1.0 East
Camp Lost Arrow .5 North
Clouds' Rest 11.0 East
El Capitan 3.5 West
Glacier Point 4.5 South
Glacier Point Hotel and Camp 4.5 South
Half Dome (foot of) 3.0 East
Happy Isles 2.5 East
Liberty Cap 5.5 East
Mirror Lake 3.0 East
Mount Watkins (top of) 9.0 East
Nevada Falls 6.0 East
North Dome (top of) 11.0 Northeast
Sentinel Rock 1.0 West
Tenaya Cañon 4.0 East
Union Point 3.0 South
Vernal Falls 5.0 East
Yosemite Falls .5 North

Mariposa Big Tree Grove

SIZES OF BIG TREES IN MARIPOSA GROVE

[_All dimensions are in feet_]

----------------------+------+------------+--------+------------+--------
|_Girth|_Approximate| _Girth |_Approximate|
| at | diameter | about | diameter |
_Trees_ | base_| at base_ | 10 feet| about |_Height_
| | | above | 10 feet |
| | | ground_| above |
| | | | ground_ |
----------------------+------+------------+--------+------------+--------
Grizzly Giant | 93 | 29.6 | 64.5 | 20.5 | 204
Faithful Couple | 94 | 29.9 | 63 | 20 | 244
Michigan | 55.5 | 17.7 | 40 | 12.7 | 257
Fresno | 63 | 20 | 38.5 | 12.2 | 273
Columbia | 80.5 | 25.6 | 52 | 16.5 | 294
Old Guard (South Tree)| 45 | 14.3 | 31 | 9.9 | 244
Lafayette | 92.5 | 29.4 | 53 | 16.9 | 273
Nevada | 48.5 | 15.4 | 35 | 11.1 | 278
General Sherman | 63 | 20 | 41.5 | 13.2 | 267
General Grant | 67 | 21.3 | 42 | 13.4 | 271
General Sheridan | 76 | 24.2 | 51 | 16.2 | 263
Philadelphia | 61.5 | 19.6 | 50.5 | 16.1 | 275
St. Louis | 73 | 23.2 | 51 | 16.2 | 269
Lincoln | 72 | 22.9 | 54.5 | 17.3 | 258
Washington | 92 | 29.3 | 65 | 20.7 | 235
William McKinley | 70 | 22.3 | 46.5 | 14.8 | 243
General Logan | 76 | 24.2 | 49.5 | 15.7 | 259
Galen Clark | 59.5 | 18.9 | 47 | 14.9 | 238
Pittsburgh | 53.5 | 17 | 41 | 13 | 242
Vermont | 47 | 14.9 | 38 | 12.1 | 257
Wawona (26 feet | | | | |
through opening) | .. | .. | 60.5 | 19.2 | 227
New York | 52 | 16.5 | 45.5 | 14.5 | 237
Forest Queen | 53.5 | 17 | 38 | 12.1 | 219
Boston | 58 | 18.4 | 47 | 14.9 | 248
Chicago | 57 | 18.1 | 40.5 | 12.9 | 223
Whittier | 62 | 19.7 | 47 | 14.9 | 268
Longfellow | 51.5 | 16.4 | 43 | 13.7 | 273
Captain A. E. Wood | 52 | 16.5 | 40 | 12.7 | 310
Mark Twain | 53 | 16.9 | 41 | 13 | 331
Mississippi | 54.5 | 17.3 | 37.5 | 11.9 | 269
Stonewall Jackson | 53 | 16.9 | 38.5 | 12.2 | 265
Georgia | 48 | 15.3 | 35 | 11.1 | 270
South Carolina | 74 | 23.5 | 54.5 | 17.3 | 264
-----------------------------+------------+--------+------------+--------

Principal Points reached from the Camps

All the places listed below may be reached on horseback and return made to camp in one day:--

From Merced Lake Lodge:--
Merced Soda Springs.
Washburn Lake.

From Tenaya Lake Lodge:--
White Cascades.
Le Conte Falls.
California Falls.

From Tuolumne Soda Spring Lodge:--
Donohue Pass.
Mount Lyell.
Tuolumne Meadows.
Tuolumne Pass.

Height of Summits in Yosemite Valley

_Height above pier near
_Name_ Sentinel Hotel_[1]
(_feet_)
Artist Point 739
Basket Dome 3,642
Cathedral Rocks 2,591
Cathedral Spires 2,154
Clouds' Rest 5,964
Columbia Rock 1,071
Eagle Peak 3,813
El Capitan 3,604
Glacier Point 3,254
Half Dome 4,892
Leaning Tower 1,903
Liberty Cap 3,112
North Dome 3,571
Old Inspiration Point 2,643
Panorama Point 2,264
Profile Cliff 3,543
Pulpit Rock 765
Sentinel Dome 4,157
Stanford Point 2,699
Washington Column 1,952
Yosemite Point 2,975

[1] This pier is 3962 feet above sea-level.

Height of Waterfalls in Yosemite Valley

_Feet_
Yosemite Falls 1,430
Lower Yosemite Falls 320
Nevada Falls 594
Vernal Falls 317
Illilouette Falls 370
Bridal Veil Falls 620
Ribbon Falls 1,612
Widow's Tears Falls 1,170

Clothing and Equipment

As the best trips are made afoot or on horseback the tourist should carry only such extra clothing as may be transported in a haversack or rucksack. If additional material is carried it is necessary to hire a pack-horse at additional expense. The best outfit for men consists of woolen riding-breeches, flannel shirt, stout shoes, sneakers, woolen army socks, light weight woolen underwear, a felt hat, a sweater, and a pair of smoked glasses. As it seldom rains in the summer it is not necessary to carry a poncho. If many trips are made in automobiles a linen duster is advisable. Women should wear riding-breeches, woolen middy blouse, and woolen stockings, with puttees or leggings, a man's felt hat, and other clothing as described for men.

Camping outfits may be obtained from the store of the Desmond Park Service Company at Yosemite Village, and provisions may be obtained at the Tenaya Lake, Tuolumne Soda Springs, and Merced Lake Lodges. Tourists desiring to rent camp equipment should make the necessary arrangements before their arrival in the Park. Prices for regular outfits are as follows:--

_Price List for Camping Outfits_

----------------+---------+----------+----------+-------------
_Persons in | _One | _Two | _Three | _One month_
party_ | week_ | weeks_ | weeks_ |
----------------+---------+----------+----------+-------------
One | $5.00 | $6.50 | $7.50 | $8.00
Two | 7.50 | 9.00 | 9.50 | 10.00
Three | 9.00 | 10.50 | 11.50 | 12.00
Four | 11.00 | 12.00 | 13.00 | 14.00
Five | 13.00 | 14.00 | 15.00 | 16.00
Six | 15.00 | 16.00 | 17.00 | 18.00
----------------+---------+----------+----------+-------------

Fishing

There is good fishing in almost all the streams for Eastern brook, rainbow, cutthroat, and Loch Leven trout. The flies most commonly used are the black gnat, royal coachman, alder, king of the waters, and gray hackle; but other standard flies are used. Flies and tackle may be obtained at the general store at Yosemite Village. All fishing must be done in conformity to the laws of California, both as regards open season and limit of catch, and size of fish. Every man fisherman over 18 years of age must have a fishing license, which may be obtained from any County Clerk or from the offices of the State Board of Fish and Game Commissioners at San Francisco, Sacramento, Los Angeles, and Fresno. The license fee is $1 for citizens of the United States who are _bona-fide_ residents of California, and $3.00 for citizens of the United States who are not _bona-fide_ residents of California and for persons not citizens of the United States.

Sequoia National Park

Location: Eastern California. Area: 252 square miles. Season: June
15 to September 15. Address of Supervisor: Three Rivers,
California.

Railroad Connections

SEQUOIA PARK is best reached from Visalia on the Southern Pacific and Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé Railroads; thence by Visalia Electric Railway to Lemon Cove, and thence by automobile stage of the Sequoia National Park Transportation Company to Camp Sierra in the Giant Forest. The distance from Lemon Cove to the Giant Forest is 40 miles. Heretofore the stages have left Lemon Cove on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; and have made the return trip from the Giant Forest on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. It is probable that daily service will soon be established. The round trip fare from Visalia to Camp Sierra is $13.30; from San Francisco to Camp Sierra, $24.00.

Automobile Routes

Sequoia Park may be reached from San Francisco by way of San José, Gilroy, Los Baños, Fresno, Goshen Junction and Visalia; distance 291 miles. From Los Angeles the route is by way of Bakersfield, Tulare, and Visalia; distance 307 miles. From Yosemite Park the shortest route is by way of Wawona, Fresno, and Visalia; distance 191 miles.

Motorists are required to pay $2.00 for a single round trip through the Park, or $3.00 for each machine for a season permit. Eastbound automobiles may use the road to Giant Forest between 7 A.M. and 5.30 P.M.; no automobile will be allowed to leave the Giant Forest for the western boundary later than 6 P.M. The speed limit is from 8 to 15 miles per hour.

Camp

A camp is operated at Giant Forest Post-Office by Walter E. Kenney, at the following rates:--

Board and lodging:--
1 person, per day $3.25
1 person, per week 18.00
1 person, 4 weeks 68.00
2 persons, per day, each 3.00
2 persons, per week, each 16.50
2 persons, 4 weeks, each 60.00

Meals without lodging:--
Breakfast and lunch, each .75
Dinner 1.00

One night's lodging 1.00

Baths .35

Trips

No regular tours are scheduled for this Park, but the following rates are in effect for short trips:--

Carriage trips only from Giant Forest:--
Parker Group, Moro Rock, and return:--
1 person $1.00
4 or more, each .75
Admiration Point and return:--
1 person 3.00
4 or more, each 1.50
General Sherman Tree, and return:--
1 person 1.00
4 or more, each .50
General Sherman Tree and Wolverton Creek:--
1 person 2.00
4 or more, each .75
Five-seated carriage, with 2 horses,
1 full day 5.00

All carriage trips include services of driver.

Rates for short horseback trips are as follows:--

To Sherman Tree and return $2.00
To Sherman Tree, Wolverton, and return by Circle
Meadow 3.00
To Moro Rock and return 2.00
To Moro Rock and return by Crescent Log and
Huckleberry Meadows 2.50
To Alta and return 3.00
To Twin Lakes and return 3.50
To Admiration Point and return 3.00
To Moro Rock, Crescent Log, Huckleberry Meadows,
Wolverton, and Sherman Tree 3.50

Chester Wright, Giant Forest, California, will furnish pack- and saddle-animals at $1.50 per day each, but in all cases guide must accompany animal, at $3.00 per day, the guide taking charge of packing and relieving tourists of responsibility for animals. All animals will be equipped with riding- or pack-saddles.

Parties wishing to make long trips will be furnished with special rates.

The dimensions of some of the principal trees are as follows:--

GIANT FOREST GROVE

General Sherman, height 279.9 feet; diameter, 36.5 feet.
Abraham Lincoln, height 270 feet; diameter, 31 feet.
William McKinley, height 291 feet; diameter, 28 feet.

MUIR GROVE

Dalton, height, 292 feet; diameter, 27 feet.

GARFIELD GROVE

California, height, 260 feet; diameter, 30 feet.

Clothing and Equipment

If the tourist makes only a short trip to the Giant Forest, no extra clothing will be necessary except a light overcoat and a sweater. If an extended stay is made and excursions are made to the other groves or the High Sierra, the following equipment is recommended: For men, woolen riding-breeches, woolen underwear, woolen army socks, flannel shirt, stout shoes, a felt hat, leggings or puttees, sweater, and coat. As there is little rain in the summer it is not necessary to take a poncho. Women should wear riding-breeches, flannel middy blouse, woolen stockings, a small felt hat, and other clothing as recommended for men.

Fishing

There is good fishing in Sequoia Park for rainbow, golden, cutthroat, Eastern brook, and Loch Leven trout. The royal coachman is the fly generally used, but often the brown and gray hackle with peacock body meets with success. Flies and other tackle may be purchased at the Giant Forest.

In this Park all fishing must be in conformity with the laws of California as regards season, size of fish, and limit of catch. Every fisherman must have a sporting fishing license, which may be obtained from any County Clerk or from the offices of the State Board of Fish and Game Commissioners at San Francisco, Sacramento, Los Angeles, and Fresno. The license fee is $1.00 for citizens of the United States who are _bona-fide_ residents of California, and $3.00 for citizens of the United States who are not _bona-fide_ residents of California and for persons not citizens of the United States. Persons under 18 years of age do not require a license.

General Grant National Park

Location: Eastern California. Area: 4 square miles. Season: June
15 to September 15. Address of Supervisor: Three Rivers,
California.

GENERAL GRANT PARK is best reached from Sanger on the Southern Pacific Railway; thence by stage 46 miles to the Park. There is daily stage service to the park; round-trip fare, $8.00.

Tourists traveling in their own automobiles will follow the routes to Sequoia Park given on page 455 as far as Visalia. The Park is 45 miles from Visalia. Permit to take an automobile into the Park costs 50 cents for a round trip or $2.50 for the season. Speed limits range from 8 to 15 miles per hour.

Rates for saddle- and pack-horses are $1.50 per day; for guides, $3.50 per day.

There is a camp in the Park operated by Mrs. Mattie Decker (address, General Grant National Park, California), with rates as follows:--

Board and lodging:
Per day $2.50
Per week 16.00
Per month 60.00
Lodging, 1 night 1.00
Single meal .75

At this camp there are also telephone station, general store, feed-yard, photograph gallery, and post-office.

The principal attraction of this Park is the grove of big trees.

Fishing is not very attractive.

Clothing and equipment should be similar to that used in Sequoia National Park.

Mount Rainier National Park

Location: West-Central Washington. Area: 324 square miles. Season:
June 15 to September 15. Address of Supervisor: Ashford,
Washington.

MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK includes a single great mountain and its approaches, but the Reservation offers unlimited variety and enjoyment for every class of tourist. An automobile road extends to the very edge of the glaciers; trails lead through the fragrant woods and wild-flower meadows; rocky outliers of the great mountain afford endless opportunities for climbing; and the great snow-covered peak flings his defiance to those that are strong of wind and limb. As the glaciers are only four hours' ride by automobile from Tacoma a glimpse of these rivers of ice may be obtained in a two-day trip, but many days might well be spent in seeing the beauties of nature that are grouped in an area that is relatively small.

Railroad Connections

The southern portion of the Park--the only part developed at present--is reached from Ashford, 6-1/2 miles from the Park, on the Tacoma Eastern Railroad, a branch line of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. The round-trip fare from Tacoma to Ashford is $4.00. From Ashford automobile stages of the Rainier National Park Company run to the principal points on the south side--Longmire Springs, 6-1/2 miles from the Park entrance; the camp at Nisqually Glacier; and the new hotel and camp at Paradise Valley, in the very shadow of the mountain. This company also operates public automobiles from Seattle and Tacoma.

_Automobile transportation rates_

Seattle to Longmire Springs and return $9.50
Seattle to Paradise Valley and return 12.50
Tacoma to Longmire Springs and return 7.00
Tacoma to Paradise Valley and return 10.00
Ashford to Longmire Springs and return 2.00
Ashford to Paradise Valley and return 5.00

The northern portion of the Park is reached from Fairfax and Enumclaw, on the Northern Pacific Railway. The round-trip fare from Tacoma is $2.50 to Fairfax, and $2.00 to Enumclaw. There are no transportation lines that operate on this side of the Park and arrangements must be made for pack-horses and camp outfits.

Automobile Routes

There is a good automobile road from Tacoma and Seattle to Ashford, and thence through the National Forest to Longmire Springs, Nisqually Glacier, and Paradise Valley. For 28 miles from Tacoma the road runs at the base of huge timbered bluffs, traverses the Ohop Valley, and reaches the Park by way of the Nisqually Cañon. The distance from Tacoma to Longmire Springs is 57 miles; from Seattle, 96 miles.

Automobilists are required to obtain a permit from the Park Supervisor at Ashford. The fee for an automobile is $4.00 for a single round trip through the Park or $6.00 for a season permit. The fee for a motor-cycle is $1.00 for the season. The regulations provide that automobiles and motor-cycles may use the road from the boundary of the Park to Longmire Springs only between 6 A.M. and 9 p.m.; but no car or motor-cycle is allowed to enter the Park or leave Longmire Springs in the direction of the western boundary later than 8.30 P.M. Automobiles and motor-cycles may use the road from Longmire Springs to Paradise Valley only between 6 A.M. and 9.30 P.M.; but no machine is allowed to leave Longmire Springs in the direction of Paradise Valley later than 7.30 P.M. or depart from Paradise Valley in the direction of Longmire Springs before 6 A.M. or later than 7.30 P.M. The speed limit ranges from 8 to 15 miles per hour.

Regular automobile service between the Park and Seattle and Tacoma is rendered at the rates given on page 461.

Hotels and Camps

At Longmire Springs, 6-1/2 miles from the entrance to the Park, are the National Park Inn and Camp and the Longmire Springs Hotel. The rates at the National Park Inn are $4.00 and $4.50 per day in the hotel, and $3.75 and $4.00 in the camp. The rates at Longmire Springs Hotel are $2.50 per day.

The Rainier National Park Company has a new modern hotel (Paradise Inn) in Paradise Park, within easy access of the glaciers. The same company also operates a lunch pavilion at Paradise Park and camps at Paradise Park, Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, and Nisqually Glacier.

Paradise Inn is operated on both the American and European plan at the following rates:--

American plan:--
Meals at Inn and bed in tents $3.50
Meals and room at Inn $3.75 to 6.25
European plan:--
Tents $.75 to $1.00
Rooms 1.00 to 3.50
Meals _à la carte_.

A discount of 20 per cent is allowed persons remaining one week or more.

There is also a camp at Paradise Park at which tents may be obtained for 50 cents per day. These tents are all floored and contain a double bed, spring, mattress, washstand, bowl, pitcher, and chair. Blankets and sheets, pillows, pillow-cases, and towels may be rented, or the tourist may bring his own equipment. Meals may be obtained at an _à la carte_ lunch pavilion or they may be prepared at outdoor cook furnace at the camp. Staple supplies may be purchased.

Rates at camp at Indian Henry's Hunting Ground are: bed, $.75; meals, $.75; board per week, $15.

Rates at camp at Nisqually Glacier are $.75 and $1.00 per day; meals _à la carte_.

Free public camping grounds are provided at Hausen's Camp, Kautz Creek, Longmire Springs, Van Trump Park, and Paradise Valley. Firewood and running water are available at all these places, but the camper must bring his own equipment.

Trips

The only road in this Park is the one extending from the entrance past Longmire Springs and Nisqually Glacier to Paradise Park. All other trips are made on horseback or on foot over the network of excellent trails that have been cut through the forest. There are no regular tours scheduled as in some of the other Parks, but special arrangements have to be made for guides and horses at the established rates.

Transportation service within the Park is rendered by the Rainier National Park Company, which operates automobiles on the road along the south side of the mountain and has horses for hire at the hotels at Longmire Springs and Paradise Valley and the camp at Indian Henry's Hunting Ground.

_Transportation rates_

Automobile, Longmire Springs to Nisqually Glacier and return $1.00
Automobile, Longmire Springs to Paradise Valley and return 3.00
Horses, per day 3.50

The same company also furnishes guides free of charge for parties of five or more; if there are less than five persons in the party the charge for guide is $3.50 per day.

The places listed below by no means exhaust the attractive spots of this reservation, but are given for the benefit of the person whose time is limited. There is a good trail encircling the mountain and the circuit may be made in about a week. Pack-animals and guides may be obtained from the Rainier National Park Company. Camping outfits should be secured in Seattle or Tacoma.

On the southern side of the Park Paradise Park, Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, and Van Trump Park are the most easily reached and consequently the most frequented places. As the trails to these places are well defined, guides will not be needed.

Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, 6-1/2 miles from Longmire Springs, is reached by trail only. This trip may be made afoot, or ponies may be secured at Longmire Springs where the most frequently used of the three trails leading to this resort begins. A tent camp is located in Indian Henry's Hunting Ground.

To reach Van Trump Park the same Indian Henry's Hunting Ground trail is taken, branching off to the right after about 1 mile of travel. This Park is also reached by a trail starting from the Government road at Christine Falls, about 4 miles above Longmire Springs, and following up Van Trump Creek. This is one of the most picturesque trails in the Park. From it can be seen beautiful glimpses of a deep cañon and a succession of cascades or falls.

Ramparts Ridge, 1-1/4 miles north of Longmire Springs, from which a fine view is obtained, is a very popular trip. The climb of about 1000 feet can be made in about one hour.

Eagle Peak (elevation 5955 feet), 3-1/4 miles east from Longmire Springs, is also a popular trip. A good foot trail leads directly to the summit, which commands a magnificent view of the south side of Mount Rainier and the surrounding country. Parties making this trip usually take lunch along, and spend several hours at the summit.

The Ohanapecosh Valley, with its beautiful Silver Spring Falls, is reached by trail only from Longmire Springs. This is a trip filled with interest, but should be taken only by good riders or pedestrians who are accustomed to long, hard walks.

The glaciers may be reached from the hotel in Paradise Park and the camp at Nisqually Glacier. The glaciers should not be crossed without a guide or unless shoes are properly calked. The charge for guide to snow-fields and glaciers is $1.50 per person. This charge includes clothing and equipment. The minimum charge for guide service is $8.00.

There are no hotels or camps in the northern portion of the Park, and persons visiting this region must have complete camping outfits and a supply of provisions. Pack-horses may be secured by engaging them in advance from H. A. Loss, Carbonado, Washington, or from Curtis White, Enumclaw, Washington. The entire northern side is a wonderful region of mountains and valleys that has been visited by only a few tourists.

A trip to Pinnacle Peak and return may be made from Paradise Park in from 6 to 8 hours. The charge for a guide is $4.00 per person with a minimum charge of $12.00. Clothing and equipment are furnished without extra cost.

Climbing the Mountain[1]

[1] The paragraphs quoted are from an article by Mr. François
E. Matthes, of the United States Geological Survey.

The ascent of the mountain should be attempted only by those who have the necessary endurance and who are able to climb in the rare air of such an altitude. Unless the tourist is hardened from recent outdoor life, he should train himself on the peaks of the Tatoosh Range, just to the south, or on the other summits that are bare of ice. Above all, no person should ever attempt the ascent unless accompanied by an experienced guide. There is no record of any person having perished when accompanied by a guide, but the mountain has taken its deadly toll from those who dared to make the trip alone.

"The guide is there not merely to show the way, but to tell the tourist how to climb, how fast to go, when to rest and to take nourishment, and to take care of him in case he is overcome with exhaustion or is taken with mountain sickness.

"Finally, account must be taken of the exceeding fickleness of the weather conditions on the mountain. Only guides familiar with Rainier's many moods can presume to foretell whether the day will turn out favorable for a climb or not. What may look to the uninitiated like harmless, fleecy vapors on the summit may be the forerunners of a sudden snowstorm which no one could hope to live through. A majority of those who have perished on the mountain have been overcome by blizzard-like storms. Such storms may occur even in midsummer, and on the summit are always attended by fierce gales against which it is impossible to hold one's footing."

The ascent is generally made from Paradise Park over the rocky ridge known as Gibraltar. Paradise Park lies near timber-line at an altitude of 5500 feet; as the altitude of the summit is 14,408 feet, the total climb is a little over 8900 feet in a distance of about 7 miles. The start is generally made about 1 o'clock in the morning in order that the return may be made before dark; it is also advisable to climb beyond the snow-fields before the surface becomes softened by the sun. By sunrise one may expect to reach the base of the Cowlitz Cleaver at an altitude of 10,000 feet.

"The ascent of the Cowlitz Cleaver is quite taxing, being mostly over rough, angular lava blocks. By 8 o'clock, as a rule, the base of Gibraltar Rock is reached. A narrow ledge is followed along the face of the cliff, part of the way overhung by rock masses and huge icicles, and this ledge leads to the base of a narrow chute between the ice of the upper Nisqually Glacier and the body of Gibraltar. This chute offers the most serious difficulties in the ascent. Ropes are usually suspended from the cliffs, whereby one may assist himself upward. It is wise to move one at a time, as there is ever danger of the persons above starting rock débris and ice fragments that may injure those below. The ascent and descent of the chute are therefore inevitably time-consuming. Ordinarily the saddle above Gibraltar (12,679 feet) is not reached until 10 o'clock.

"From Gibraltar on there remains only a long snow-slope to climb, but this snow-slope is often exceedingly fatiguing. Huge, gaping crevasses develop in it which must be skillfully avoided by détours. Freshly fallen snow may be so deep that one plunges into it to the waist, or else the snow may have melted out into tapering spines and so-called honeycombs many feet high, among which one cannot travel without considerable exertion.

"The rim of the south crater is usually reached about 11 o'clock. It is always bare of snow, and shelter from the high gales may be found behind the great rock blocks on the crest. Metal cases are left here in which the tourist may inscribe the record of his ascent.

"The crater is always filled with snow and may be traversed without risk; only one should be careful near the edges, as the snow there is melted out in caverns by the steam jets which rise from beneath it in many places. Those having the strength may go on to Columbia Crest, the snow dome that constitutes the highest summit of the mountain. The return to the camp is easily made in from five to six hours."

The climber should wear woolen underwear, flannel shirt, riding-breeches, leggings or puttees, woolen army socks, stout shoes well calked, a felt hat, sweater, and short warm coat. Women should by all means wear riding-breeches, as skirts or bloomers offer too great resistance to the wind. Women will generally find woolen Boy Scout stockings best adapted for a trip of this kind; leggings or puttees may be worn over them as desired. Both women and men should tie their hats firmly under the chin, in order that the tramper may not be hampered by the necessity of holding the hat if the wind is strong. Other things needed, which may be procured at the camp in Paradise Park, are: alpenstocks, amber glasses, calks, hobnails, and actor's paint to protect the face from sun-burn.

"Before starting on the ascent, do not eat such articles as fried eggs, fried potatoes, hot cakes, or heavy pastry. Abstain from coffee and tobacco, if possible. Spirituous liquor of any kind is taboo, except as a stimulant in case of collapse. Beef tea, lean meat, all dry breakfast foods, cocoa, sweet chocolate, crackers, hardtack, dry bread, rice, raisins, prunes, dates, and tomatoes are in order. The simpler the diet, on the whole, the more beneficial it is likely to be. Never eat much at a sitting during the ascent, but eat often and little at a time. These are rules well known to mountaineers. The more faithfully one complies with them the higher one's efficiency will be and the keener the enjoyment of the trip."

Guides to the summit of Mount Rainier will be supplied at the rate of $10.00 per person in parties of not less than 5 persons, or minimum charge of $50 for each ascent. An assistant guide will accompany the party when it consists of more than 8 tourists. There is an additional charge of $2.50 per person for furnishing complete suits of clothing, shoes, glasses, alpenstocks, and other necessary equipment.

Clothing and Equipment

Rough and warm clothing should be carried by all persons who expect to do much tramping. Suggestions are given elsewhere regarding clothing to be worn on a climb to the summit. The equipment here described is for the climber who travels the trails and climbs the rock ridges. The best equipment for men consists of medium-weight woolen underwear, flannel shirt, woolen riding-breeches, leggings or puttees, woolen army socks, sweater, poncho, and heavy shoes; if rock-climbing is to be done, the shoes should be well supplied with hobnails. Women should wear light-weight woolen underwear, flannel middy blouse, sweater, small felt hat, woolen riding-breeches, poncho, woolen stockings, puttees or leggings, sneakers, and stout shoes with hobnails if rock-climbing is to be done. Many women object to the poncho because of the difficulty of getting it over the head; a good substitute is a Boy Scout cape. Felt hats should be worn by men and women in preference to cap, as the hat offers better protection from the rain. A man's felt hat makes the best headgear for a woman.

Camping outfits must be obtained in Seattle or Tacoma. Provisions may be purchased at Ashford, Longmire Springs, Fairfax, Carbonado, and Enumclaw.

Fishing

Cutthroat trout are the only fish caught in this Park. The fish are not large, but are fairly plentiful. Salmon eggs or angle worms are used exclusively for bait. In summer the fishing is not good in the streams that flow from glaciers, as they are generally muddy at this period. A fishing license is not required.

Crater Lake National Park

Location: Southwestern Oregon. Area: 249 square miles. Season:
July 1 to September 30. Address of Supervisor: Crater Lake,
Oregon, during season, and Medford, Oregon, during the remainder
of the year.

Railroad Connections

CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK may be reached from Medford, Oregon, on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad between Portland and San Francisco, or from Kirk, Oregon, on a branch line of the Southern Pacific that leaves the main line at Weed, California. Crater Lake is 80 miles from Medford and 30 miles from Kirk. During the season passengers holding through tickets over the Southern Pacific Railroad between Portland and San Francisco may stop over at Medford and resume journey at this point; southbound passengers may stop over at Medford, cross the Park, and resume journey at Kirk; northbound passengers may take branch line from Weed to Kirk, cross the Park, and resume journey at Medford. Passengers desiring to make the circuit trip should notify the conductor and see that their tickets are properly endorsed.

From Kirk and Medford a tri-weekly automobile service to the Park is given by the Crater Lake Company. Passengers stopping off on through tickets must pay for their transportation to Crater Lake in accordance with the following tariff:--

Medford to Crater Lake and return $16.50
One way (either direction) 9.00
Kirk to Crater Lake and return 6.00
One way (either direction) 3.50
Medford to Crater Lake, thence to Kirk, or _vice versa_ 11.25

Automobiles leave the Hotels Medford and Nash, Medford, at 9 A.M. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; stop for lunch at Prospect, and reach Crater Lake in time for 6 o'clock dinner. Returning, leave Crater Lake at 9 A.M. Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, reaching Medford in time to connect with the outgoing evening trains.

Automobiles leave Crater Lake for Kirk at 10 A.M. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, connecting with the local Southern Pacific train from Klamath Falls. Returning, leave Kirk at 1 P.M. the same day, and reach Crater Lake in about 2 hours.

The round-trip fare between San Francisco and Crater Lake via Kirk is $33.50, including both rail and automobile stage transportation.

Automobile Routes

Motorists southbound from Portland will traverse the Pacific Highway through Oregon City, Salem, Albany, Eugene, Roseburg, and Grant's Pass to Medford, a distance of 312 miles. From Medford the distance to Crater Lake is 80 miles. Instead of returning to Medford, the tourist may reach the Pacific Highway by way of Klamath Falls, a distance of 116 miles. From this point the Pacific Highway is again followed to San Francisco, passing through Hornbrook, Yreka, Montague, Dunsmuir, Delta, Redding, Chico, Gridley, Marysville, Sacramento, and Stockton; distance 485 miles.

All motorists entering the Park must pay $2.00 for a round-trip permit for each automobile, or $3.00 for a season permit; motor-cyclists must pay $1.00 per machine for a season permit. The speed limits range from 10 to 20 miles an hour.

Trips

There are no regular tours in this Park; the favorite trips being tramps along the rim and to the water's edge or launch and row-boat excursions on the lake. There are a number of other points that are well worth visiting, the most important of which are listed below:--

_Distance from Anna Spring Camp (elevation 6,016 feet) to principal points in Park_

The rates for the transportation that is available are given below:--

Automobile fare between Anna Spring Camp and Crater Lake Lodge:--
One way $.50
Round trip 1.00
Automobile transportation, 10 cents per mile within
the Park.
Saddle-horses, pack-animals, and burros, per hour .50
Saddle-horses, pack-animals, and burros, per day 5.00
Launch trip, Wizard Island and return, per person 1.00
Launch trip around Wizard Island and Phantom
Ship and return (about 15 miles), per person 2.50
Launch trip around the lake 3.50
Rowboats, per hour .50
Rowboats, per day 2.50
Rowboat, with boat-puller, per hour 1.00
Rowboat, with detachable motor, per hour 1.00
Rowboat, with detachable motor, per day 5.00

Hotel and Camp

A hotel (Crater Lake Lodge) on the rim of the lake and a camp (Anna Spring) five miles below the rim are operated by the Crater Lake Company.

_Hotel and Camp Charges_

Crater Lake Lodge:--
Board and lodging, each person, per
day (lodging in tents) $3.00
Board and lodging, each person, per
week (lodging in tents) 17.50
Board and lodging, each person, per
day (hotel) $3.50 and 4.00
Board and lodging, each person, per
week (hotel) 20.00 and 22.50
Baths (extra) .50
Fires in rooms (extra) .25
Single meals 1.00

Anna Spring Tent Camp:--
Board and lodging, each person, per day 2.50
Board and lodging, each person, per week $15.00
Meals: Breakfast or lunch, 50 cents;
dinner, 75 cents.
Fires in tents (extra) .25
Children under 12 years, half rates at
lodge or camp.

Clothing and Equipment

If the tourist is going to spend all his time on the rim of the lake, ordinary outing clothing with light-weight woolen underwear will be sufficient. If much climbing and tramping is to be done, heavy shoes with hobnails should be worn. Women should wear short skirts, bloomers, or riding-breeches.

If the tourist expects to camp in the Park, he should obtain pack-horses, guides, and equipment at Medford. Provisions and general supplies of all kinds may be obtained at the general store at Anna Spring Camp and the branch store at Crater Lake Lodge.

Fishing

Originally the lake contained no fish, but it has been stocked with rainbow trout and is now one of the best fishing places on the West Coast. The best fishing is by fly-casting from the shore. Flies used are the Jock Scott, black gnat, yellow-bodied cow dung, professor, queen of waters, royal coachman, brown hackle, and gray hackle. No fishing license is required in this Park. All fish less than 8 inches in length must be returned to water.

Glacier National Park

Location: Northwestern Montana. Area: 1534 square miles. Season:
June 15 to October 1. Address of Supervisor: Belton, Montana.

Railroad Connections

GLACIER PARK is the only National Park that is on the main line of a transcontinental railroad--the Great Northern. Areas east of the Continental Divide are reached from Glacier Park Station, while the portion of the Park west of the Divide is accessible from Belton.

Stopovers are allowed at Glacier Park Station and at Belton during the season on all tickets reading through these points. Stopovers are also permitted on through sleeping-car tickets. Round-trip excursion rates in effect during the season are as follows: Chicago, $48.00; St. Louis, $45.00; Kansas City, $37.50; Denver, $35.00; Seattle, $26.95; San Francisco, $60.90. Tourists' tickets from Denver and points east of that city may be purchased to include Yellowstone Park for $10.00 in addition to the fares quoted above. All tickets from eastern points may be made to read via Denver in one direction without extra charge.

Tourists holding transcontinental tickets reading via Northern Pacific Railway should obtain stopover at Helena or Butte and purchase excursion tickets to Glacier National Park via Great Northern Railway. Fare, Helena to Glacier Park and return, $13.15; Butte to Glacier Park and return, $13.35.

Tourists holding transcontinental tickets reading via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway should obtain stopover at Butte and purchase excursion ticket to Glacier National Park via Great Northern Railway.

Automobile Routes

Tourists traveling on the Yellowstone Highway may reach Belton, the western entrance to Glacier Park, from Missoula, Montana. The total distance is 167 miles. From Yellowstone Park the following routes may be taken to Glacier Park: From Gardiner (northern entrance) through Livingston, Butte, and Missoula; total distance 509 miles. From Yellowstone, Montana (western entrance), through Butte and Missoula (482 miles), or through Bozeman, Butte, and Missoula (519 miles).

Hotels and Camps

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Your National Parks, with Detailed Information for TouristsChapter XV: Appendix: A (2)

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