Chapter XVII: Appendix: A (4)

SHOSHONE CAVERN, WYOMING. Area: 210 acres. Four miles from Cody, Wyoming, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway.

SIEUR DE MONTS, MAINE. Area: 5000 acres. Two miles from Bar Harbor, Maine. Custodian, George B. Dorr, Bar Harbor, Maine.

SITKA, ALASKA. Area: 57 acres. One mile from steam-boat landing at Sitka.

TONTO, ARIZONA. Area: 640 acres. Forty miles from Globe, Arizona, on the Arizona Eastern Railway. The Custodian is the Forest Supervisor, Tonto National Forest, Roosevelt, Arizona.

TUMACACORI, ARIZONA. Area: 10 acres. Seventeen miles north of Nogales, Arizona.

WALNUT CAÑON, ARIZONA. Area: 960 acres. Eight miles southeast of Flagstaff, Arizona. The Custodian is the Forest Supervisor, Coconino National Forest, Flagstaff, Arizona.

WHEELER, COLORADO. Area: 300 acres. Seventeen miles from Wagon Wheel Gap, on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. The Custodian is the Forest Supervisor Rio Grande National Forest, Monte Vista, Colorado.

Canadian Parks

ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK

Location: Western Alberta. Area: 1800 square miles. Season: June
to October. Address of Superintendent: Banff, Alberta.

ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK is along the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway and has two gateways--Banff and Laggan (Lake Louise). Excursion rate, round trip, Chicago to Banff, $60.30; to Lake Louise, $63.10.

At Banff the principal hotel is the Banff Springs Hotel, 1-1/2 miles from the station, operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway; rates, $4.00 and upward. Other hotels in the town of Banff are the Alberta, $2.50 and upward; the Alpine, $1.50, European plan; Grand View Villa, $2.50 and upward; Hot Springs Hotel, $2.00 and upward; Mount Royal Hotel, $2.50 and upward; King Edward Hotel, $2.50 and upward.

The popular carriage trips from Banff are given below. The lower rate is for 2 or 3 persons, the higher rate for 4 or 5 persons:--

To Lake Minnewanka and return: 4-hour trip, $6.75 and $8.75;
9-hour trip, $9.00 and $15.00.

To Loop, Cave and Basin and Sun Dance Cañon and return: 4-hour
trip, $6.75 and $8.75.

To Tunnel Mountain, Buffalo Park, Cave and Basin and return:
4-hour trip, $6.75 and $8.75.

Guides may be obtained for $4.00 a day.

At Lake Louise the only hotel is the Château Lake Louise, 2-1/2 miles from Laggan Station, operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company; rates $5.00 and upward. There is a small camp at Moraine Lake, 9 miles from Lake Louise.

The principal short trips from Lake Louise are by carriage to Moraine Lake, $2.50; or on horseback to Lakes Mirror and Agnes, $1.50; Mount St. Piran, $3.00; Victoria Glacier, $2.00; Saddleback, $2.50; Saddleback, Sheol Valley, and Lower Paradise Valley, $3.00; Ptarmigan Lake, $3. Guides may be obtained for $4.00 a day and pack-horses for $2.50 a day.

As there are no permanent camps in remote portions of this Park, arrangements must be made for pack-animals and equipment. The Brewster Transport Company, Banff, Alberta, will furnish complete outfits at the following rates: $15.00 a day for one person; $25.00 a day for a party of two; $10.00 a day for each person for a party of three or more. This charge includes guide, cook, horses, tents, provisions, but no blankets.

There is said to be good fishing for whitefish and cutthroat, lake, brook, Dolly Varden, and bull trout.

YOHO PARK

Location: Western Alberta and eastern British Columbia. Area: 560
square miles. Season: June to October. Address of Superintendent:
Field, British Columbia.

YOHO PARK is reached from Field, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Excursion rate, round trip from Chicago, $64.70. The following hotels are operated by the railroad company: Mount Stephen House, at Field, $4.00 and upward; Emerald Lake Chalet, 7 miles from Field, $4.00 and upward; and Takakkaw Falls camp, 11 miles from Field, $4.00 a day.

The popular short trips from Field are listed below. The lower rate is for 2 or 3 persons; the higher rate for 4 or 5 persons:--

To Emerald Lake and return: 4-hour trip, $6.00 and $7.50; 9-hour
trip, $9.00 and $15.00.

To Emerald Lake, one way: $3.00 and $5.00.

To Ottertail Bridge and return: $5.25 and $7.50.

To Takakkaw Falls and return: $9.00 and $15.00.

To Natural Bridge and return: $2.25 and $3.75 for first hour,
$1.50 and $2.50 for second hour, and $0.75 and $1.25 for
subsequent hours.

To Fossil Beds and return: horseback, $2.00 for each person.

Persons desiring to camp in this Park may obtain outfits from the Brewster Transport Company, Field, British Columbia, at the same rates given for Rocky Mountains Park.

GLACIER PARK

Location: Eastern British Columbia. Area: 468 square miles.
Season: June to October. Address of Superintendent: Field, British
Columbia.

GLACIER PARK is on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway and is reached from Glacier Station. Excursion fare, round trip from Chicago, $64.70. The Glacier House, $4.00 a day and upward, operated by the railroad company, is at the station. The principal short trips, made on horseback are as follows:--

Great Glacier and return $1.00
Asulkan Glacier and return 2.00
Marion Lake and return 1.50
Mount Abbot and return 3.00
Caves of Nakimu and return 3.00

Horses may be obtained for $3.00 a day, and guides for horseback trips may be employed for $4.00 a day. Swiss guides for mountain-climbing and glacier trips may be obtained for $5.00 a day. The guides provide rope and ice axes, but the tourist must be equipped with stout shoes and proper clothing. Persons desiring to camp in this park may obtain outfits from S. H. Baker, Glacier, B.C.; the rates are about the same as those quoted for camping trips in the Rocky Mountains Park.

JASPER PARK

Location: Western Alberta. Area: 4400 square miles. Season: June
to October. Address of Superintendent: Jasper Park, Alberta.

JASPER PARK may be reached from Jasper Station on the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Northern Railways. Excursion fare from Chicago, round trip, $65.30.

The only established stopping-place is Jasper Park Camp, Lake Beau Vert, 2 miles from Jasper Park Station. Rates, $3.00 a day or $18.00 a week. The regular trips are to Pyramid Lake, $7.00 for 4 persons; Maligne Cañon, $7.00 for 4 persons; Mount Fitzhugh, $5.00; and Goat Mountain, $5.00. Saddle-horses may be obtained for $3.00 a day. Guides cost $5.00 a day. Special arrangements for extended camping trips may be made with Brewster and Moore, Otto Brothers, and Donald Phillips, Jasper, Alberta.

REVELSTOKE PARK

Location: Eastern British Columbia. Area: 95 square miles. Season:
June to October. Address of Superintendent: Field, British
Columbia.

REVELSTOKE PARK is on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway and is reached from Revelstoke Station. There is a hotel at the station operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway (rates, $3.00 a day and upward), and there are other hotels in the town of Revelstoke.

The principal short trip is by automobile to the summit of Mount Revelstoke, 15 miles in each direction. Automobiles holding four persons may be hired for $3.50 per hour. There are no hotels or permanent camps in the Park; for extended trips arrangements must be made with outfitters in Revelstoke.

WATERTON LAKES PARK

Location: Southern Alberta, immediately north of the United States
Glacier Park. Area: 423 square miles. Season: June to October.
Address of Superintendent: Waterton Mills, Alberta.

WATERTON LAKES VILLAGE is 60 miles from McLeod and 40 miles from Pincher Creek on the Crowsnest Division of the Canadian Pacific Railway. There is an automobile road from both places, but the longer route from McLeod is said to be the better. There is also a wagon road from the northern boundary of the United States Glacier Park to Waterton Lakes Village. The only stopping-place at Waterton Lakes Village is Hazzard's Hotel and Camp; rates $2.00 a day.

BUFFALO PARK

Location: Eastern Alberta. Area: 160 square miles. Season: June to
September. Address of superintendent: Wainwright, Alberta.

BUFFALO PARK is immediately south of Wainwright, on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. There are two hotels in Wainwright--The Wainwright and The Park--with rates of $2.50 a day. This Park has no special scenic attraction, its chief feature of interest being the herd of 2400 buffalo. About 75 buffalo are kept in a paddock about two miles from the town, but it is said that a large number may be seen in a day's drive.

ELK ISLAND PARK

Location: Eastern Alberta. Area: 16 square miles. Address of
superintendent: Lamont, Alberta.

ELK ISLAND PARK is 3 miles south of Lamont on the Canadian Pacific Railway. The nearest hotel is in the town of Lamont. The Park is strictly an animal reservation and has no scenic features.

ST. LAWRENCE ISLANDS PARK

Location: Southern Ontario. Area: 140 acres. Season: May to
October.

ST. LAWRENCE ISLANDS PARK is located among the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence River and consists of a number of small islands. It is reached from Clayton, New York, on the New York Central Railroad, and from Kingston, Ontario, on the Grand Trunk Railway. Some islands on the New York side of the international boundary are owned by the State of New York and maintained as public reservations. The principal hotels in the Thousand Islands are at Clayton, Thousand Island Park, and Alexandria Bay, all in New York.

FORT HOWE PARK

Location: Adjacent to the city of St. John, New Brunswick. Area:
19 acres. Season: Throughout the year.

FORT HOWE PARK was created solely for historic purposes and contains an old fort, memorials of the Canadian Loyalists, and relics and exhibits of the old French régime.

INDEX

INDEX

Adams, James Capen, 301.

Altitude, not harmful, 331, 333, 349.

Altyn Lake, 149, 150.

Amethyst Mountain, petrified forests in, 45-50.

Andrews Glacier, 180, 187.

Anemone, Western, 124.

Antelope, 306.

Arapahoe Peak, 330.

Artist Point, Yosemite, 452.

Aspen, 290.

Asulkan Glacier, 412.

Athabasca River, 252.

Augusta Bridge, 237.

Avalanche Basin, 149.

Avalanche Lake, 149.

Ballou, Sidney, quoted, 228.

Bandelier National Monument, 411, 510.

Banff, 254, 255.

Basket Dome, 69, 452.

Bear, black, color and habits, 304;
a bluffer, 304, 305.

Bear, grizzly, 341;
a tame grizzly, 301, 302;
characteristics, 302, 303;
food, 303;
hibernation, 304;
color, 305.

Bears, disposition spoiled by improper feeding, 315.

Beaver, 307, 308.

Beaver Lake, Alberta, 413.

Bertha Lake, 413.

Bidwell, Gen. John, 110.

Bierstadt, Albert, 187.

Bierstadt Moraine, 187.

Big Hole Battlefield, 411, 510.

Big Thompson River, 176.

Big Tree (_Sequoia gigantea_), 77, 78, 99, 100;
size, 104, 105;
groves, 104, 105;
age, 105, 106;
flowering and fruiting, 106;
habit, 106, 107;
bark, 107;
roots, 107;
durability, 107-09;
the most impressive living object, 109;
area not diminishing, 109;
of ancient stock, 110;
discovery, 110;
habitat, 110, 111;
effect on persons, 112-15;
thoughts suggested by, 286;
table of dimensions in Mariposa Grove, 451;
dimensions in Sequoia Park, 457.

Big Tuolumne Cañon, 93.

Bighorn. _See_ Sheep, mountain.

Bighorn Mountains, 404.

Birds, of Rocky Mountain National Park, 183, 184;
of the Grand Cañon, 197;
of the Olympic Mountains, 234, 235;
of the National Parks, 309-14;
mountain migration, 309, 310;
mating for life, 310, 311;
appear to desire human society, 313, 314.

Bison, 243, 261, 441, 519.

Blackfeet Glacier, 151, 157, 484, 485.

Blackfeet Indians, 15, 17-21, 157-59.

Boling, Capt. John, 94.

Bow River Valley, 412.

Bowman Lake, 149.

Brackenridge, Henry M., 22.

Bradbury, John, 22, 23.

Brett, Col. L. M., 58.

Bridal Veil Falls, 68, 85, 453.

Bridger, James, 24.

Bright Angel Cañon, 193.

Bright Angel Point, 193.

Bryant, William, 21.

Bryce, James (Lord Bryce), 122.

Buckwheat, wild, 124.

Buffalo, 243, 261, 441, 519.

Buffalo Park, 261, 413, 519.

Bunsen Peak, 440.

Burbank, Luther, quoted, 372, 373.

Cabrillo National Monument, 411, 510.

Cameron Falls, 413.

Camp-fire, the, 293, 294.

Canada, Dominion Parks of, description, 251-62;
creation and administration, 262, 263;
guide to, 515-20.

_Canoe and the Saddle, The_, quoted, 120, 121, 128, 358, 359.

Cañon de Chelly, 404.

Cañon of the Little Colorado, 193.

Cape Royal, 193.

Capulin National Monument, 409, 510.

Carbon Glacier, 133.

Caroline Bridge, 237.

Carter, T. H., 159, 160.

Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, description, 245, 246;
guide to, 508.

Cataract Cañon, 205.

Cathedral Lake, 92.

Cathedral Peak, 92.

Cathedral Rocks, 452.

Cathedral Spires, 68, 452.

Chaco Cañon, 405, 510.

Chasm Lake, 186.

Chittenden, Gen. Hiram M., 23, 37, 57;
quoted, 8.

Chouteau, Pierre, 21.

Cinder Cone, 216-18.

Clach-na-coodin Range, 412.

Claggett, William H., 5, 6.

Clark, Galen, 78, 96-98, 105.

Clark, William, 21, 22.

Clements, W. M., 159.

Cleveland Mountain, 150.

Cliff Cañon, 173.

Cliff dwellers, of Mesa Verde, 163-74.

Clothing, for rainy days, 335;
for use in the Parks, 431.

Clouds' Rest, 68, 452.

Cole, Cornelius, 6.

Colorado National Monument, 408, 511.

Colorado River, and the Grand Cañon, 199-209.

Colter, John, 12-24.

Colter's Hell, 23.

Columbia Rock, 452.

Columbia's Crest, 135, 467.

Continental Divide, 186, 187, 436.

Cook, C. W., 25.

Cook Forest, 268.

Crater Lake, first impressions, 137, 138;
origin, 138, 139;
description, 140-45;
discovery, 145, 146;
trout-fishing, 146.

Crater Lake National Park, 137-47;
founding, 146;
location and area, 146;
proposed additions, 147;
in table, 401;
guide to, 470-74.

Cut Bank Pass, 158.

Cut Bank River, 156.

Dana Mountain, 65, 92.

Daniels, Mark, 278, 279.

Dawes, Henry L., 6.

Death Valley, 102.

Deer Mountain, 188.

_Desert, The_, by John C. Van Dyke, quoted, 209, 210.

Devil Postpile, 410, 511.

Devil's Lake, 244, 245.

Devil's Tower, 405, 511.

Diamond Lake, 147.

Diller, Joseph S., quoted, 142, 143, 219.

Dinosaur National Monument, 408, 511.

Dipper, _or_ water-ouzel, 313.

Doane, Lieut. Gustavus C., 25, 26.

Dock, white, 124.

Doty, James, 158.

Dunes, in Indiana, 268, 404.

Eagle Peak, Mt. Rainier, 464.

Eagle Peak, Yosemite, 88, 452.

Eagle Point, 137.

Echo Mountain, 180.

El Capitan, 68, 452.

El Morro National Monument, 405, 511.

El Tovar, 193.

Electric Peak, 357, 440, 441.

Electrical storm, 324-26.

Eliot, Charles W., 223;
quoted, 370.

Elk, 53, 305, 306.

Elk, Roosevelt, 234.

Elk Island Park, 261, 413, 520.

Emerald Lake, 257.

Emmons Glacier, 130, 131.

Equipment, 431, 432.

Erosion, in the Grand Cañon, 194, 198-206.

Estes Park, 176.

Eureka, Cal., 268.

Everts, Truman C., 58-64.

Fall River automobile road, 187.

Falls of the Yellowstone, 38, 41, 42.

Fern Lake, 187.

Fewkes, Dr. Jesse Walter, 171;
quoted, 167, 168, 268.

Fiddle Creek Cañon, 253.

Field, B. C., 258.

Firehole, 30.

Firehole River, 436.

Fisher, Walter L., 279, 280.

Fishing, 441-43, 454, 458, 469, 474, 486, 487, 493, 494, 501, 504, 516.

Flat-Top Mountain, 180, 187.

Flowers, of Yellowstone Park, 52;
of Yosemite Park, 79-83;
of Mt. Rainier, 122-30, 348;
of Rocky Mountain Park, 181, 182, 347;
of the Olympic Mts., 234;
of Rocky Mountains Park, Canada, 256;
of mountain-tops, 347, 348.

Folding Mountain, 253.

Folsom, David E., 25.

Forest, the, spirit of, 282-95. _See also_ Trees.

Forest Cañon, 187.

Forest reservations, 272-76.

Forests, petrified, 45-50.

Fort Howe Park, 262, 413, 520.

Fort Manuel, 14, 15, 16, 20.

Fort Totten, 244.

Fossils, 258, 412.

Franklin Pass, 101.

Fuller, Miss Fay, 121.

Fusillade Mountain, 155.

Garfield Grove, 457.

Gem Lake, 180, 188.

General Grant National Park, 99, 100, 105;
in table, 401;
guide to, 459.

Geysers, of Yellowstone Park, 26, 28-35, 438, 439.

Ghost River, 255.

Giant Forest, 105.

Giant Forest Grove, 457.

Gibbs Mountain, 65.

Gila Cliff Dwellings, 409, 511.

Glaciation, 351-55;
in Yosemite Park, 70-76;
in Sequoia Park, 102, 103;
at Crater Lake, 141, 142;
in Glacier National Park, 152.

Glacier Gorge, 186.

Glacier National Park, lakes, 148-50, 154, 155;
mountains, 150, 151, 155, 156;
glaciers, 151, 152, 155, 156;
game, 152, 153;
place-names, 153;
wild flowers, 153;
streams, 156, 157;
history, 157-60;
motor road to Waterton Lakes Park, 259;
in table, 402;
guide to, 475-87.

Glacier Park, Canada, 412, 517.

Glacier Point, Yosemite, 68, 88, 452.

Glaciers, of Mt. Rainier, 117, 118, 130-34;
of Glacier National Park, 151, 152, 155, 156, 484, 485;
of Rocky Mountain Park, 180;
of Mt. McKinley, 249;
speed, 352;
formation, 352, 353.

Glen Cañon, 191, 197.

Goat, mountain, 306, 307.

Going-to-the-Sun Mountain, 155, 358.

Gould Mountain, 150.

Gran Quivira, 407, 511.

Grand Cañon National Monument, 410.

Grand Cañon of the Colorado, proposed National Park, 190, 191;
first impressions, 191, 192;
views, 192, 193;
description, 193-95;
formation, 194, 198-206;
climate, 195, 196;
plant life, 196, 197;
animal life, 197;
history, 206-08;
books about, 209;
a land of form and of color, 210;
guide to, 495-99.

Grand Cañon of the Yellowstone, 38, 39, 41, 439, 440.

Grand Lake, 188.

Grand Mesa, 404.

Grand River, 188.

Grand Teton, 44, 266.

Grand View, 193.

Gray, Asa, quoted, 79.

Gray's Peak, 330.

Greeley, Horace, 112.

Grinnell, George Bird, and Yellowstone Park, 57;
and Glacier Park, 157-60;
quoted, 159, 160.

Grinnell Glacier, 150, 151.

Grinnell Lake, 150, 153.

Grinnell Mountain, 150.

Grizzly Giant, 77, 78, 104, 105, 451.

Grosvenor, Gilbert H., quoted, 100, 101.

Hague's Peak, 179.

Haleakala, 222, 227, 228, 503, 504.

Half Dome, 68, 452.

Hall, Harvey Monroe, and Carlotta Case Hall,
_A Yosemite Flora_, quoted, 82, 83.

Hallet Glacier, 180, 188.

Harris, Capt. Moses, 57.

Hauser, Samuel T., 26.

Hawaii National Park, location and area, 221, 222;
volcanoes, 221-29;
forests and birds, 228, 229;
views, 229;
origin, 229;
in table, 402;
guide to, 502-04.

Hayden, Dr. Ferdinand V., and the founding of Yellowstone Park, 5, 6;
quoted, 29, 178, 179.

Hayden Valley, 51.

Heart Lake, 36.

Heather, 125.

Hedges, Cornelius, 4, 5, 26;
quoted, 26.

Hellebore, 124.

Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 66, 74, 86, 88;
description, 89;
history, 95, 96.

Hill, L. W., 160.

Hillman, John W., 146.

Hilo, 225.

Honolulu, 222.

Hopi Point, 193.

Hot Springs Reservation, description, 246, 247;
in table, 400;
guide to, 506, 507.

Hunt, T. E., quoted, 240.

Hunting-contest, a, 297, 298.

Husted, S. N., 328.

Iceberg Lake, 149.

Illecillewaet Glacier, 412.

Illilouette Cañon, 69.

Illilouette Falls, 86, 453.

Indian Henry's Hunting Grounds, 123, 464.

Indians, and the Yellowstone region, 11, 12;
Colter's adventures with, 15, 17-21;
legend of Yosemite, 93, 94;
in Glacier National Park, 157-59;
tradition about Cinder Cone, 217;
legend of woman, 378.

Indian-turnip, 20.

Irving, Washington, 23.

Ives, Lieut., quoted, 206.

Jagger, Thomas A., quoted, 227.

James, Gen. Thomas, 23.

Jamez Plateau, 267.

Jasper, Alberta, 253.

Jasper Park, description, 252, 253;
in table, 413;
guide to, 518.

Jefferson River, 18-20.

Jepson, W. L., 106.

Jewel Cave, 410, 512.

Johnson, Robert Underwood, 94.

Kachima Bridge, 237.

Kautz Glacier, 134.

Kaweah River, 102.

Kent, William, 219, 406.

Kern River Cañon, 101.

Kickinghorse River, 258.

Kilauea, 222-24, 502, 504.

King, Clarence, 71, 102;
his _Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada_, 103.

King's River Cañon, 101.

Kolb, Ellsworth L., 209.

Koloma, 89.

Kuishan, 403.

La Charette, 23.

Laggan, 255.

Lake Bidwell, 217.

Lake Eva, 412.

Lake Louise, 256, 515, 516.

Lake MacArthur, 412.

Lake McDonald, 149.

Lake Minnewanka, 255.

Lake O'Hara, 412.

Lake Tenaya, 76.

Lakes, crater, 142.

Lakes in the Clouds, 412.

Lamar River, 46.

Lamon, John, 95.

Lamont, Alberta, 261.

Lane, Franklin K., 278.

Langford, Nathaniel P., 5, 6, 26, 56.

Lassen Peak, 211-16.

Lassen Volcanic National Park, location, area, and altitude, 211, 212;
origin, 212, 219;
description, 212-17;
Indian tradition, 217;
springs and streams, 217;
lakes, 217, 218;
trees, flowers, and animal life, 218, 219;
attractions, 219, 220;
in table, 402;
guide to, 500, 501.

Lava, 38, 39, 139-41, 204, 205, 213, 214, 216, 218;
a huge field of, 212, 213;
in Hawaii National Park, 223-29.

Lava Falls, 204, 205.

Leaning Tower, 452.

Lefroy Glacier, 412.

Lewis, Judge Robert E., decision quoted, 277, 278.

Lewis and Clark Cavern, 408, 512.

Lewis Lake, 36.

Liberty Cap, Mt. Rainier, 199.

Liberty Cap, Yosemite, 452.

Lily, Washington, 81.

Lincoln, Abraham, quoted, 112.

Lincoln National Park or Reservation, 411.

Lion, mountain, 309.

Lisa, Manuel, 13, 14.

Little Bridge, 237, 238.

Little Kootenai Creek, 156.

Little Yosemite Valley, 69, 73, 74.

Little Zion River Region, 239.

Loch Vale, 186.

Lodore Cañon, 205.

Logging Creek, 156.

Long's Peak, 178-81, 356, 357;
above a snowstorm on, 318, 319;
in a high wind, 320-22;
moonlight and sunrise on, 328-31;
timber-line on, 340, 341.

Los Molinos, 214.

Lost Creek, 214, 215.

Lost in the wilderness, 58-64, 337, 338.

Luray Caverns, 268.

McClurg, Mrs. Gilbert, 168.

McDermott Lake, 149.

McFarland, J. Horace, 276.

Maligne Lake, 253.

Mammoth Cave, 268.

Mammoth Hot Springs, 30, 31, 436.

Maple Creek Antelope Reserve, 413.

Marble Cañon, 191, 205.

Marion Lake, 412.

Mariposa Grove, 77, 78;
sizes of Big Trees, 451.

Marshall, Robert B., 279.

Mather, Stephen T., 96, 278, 279.

Matthes, François E., 71;
quoted, 120, 465-68.

Mauna Loa, 222, 224-27, 502-04.

Meadow Mountain, 179.

Menard, Pierre, 21.

Merced Grove, 77.

Merced River, 66, 67, 70.

Mertensia, 124.

Mesa Verde National Park, interest of, 161, 162;
location, area, and altitude, 162;
view from, 162;
ancient inhabitants, 163-67;
ruins, 167-74;
establishment, 168;
history, 169-71;
in table, 401;
guide to, 488-90.

Miette Springs, 253.

Mills Moraine, 186.

Mineral King, 101.

Mirror Lake, 93.

Mono Desert, 92.

Mono Lake, 92.

Monroe, Hugh, 158.

Montezuma Castle, 405, 512.

Moonlight, 326, 327;
ascent of Long's Peak by, 328, 329.

Morning-Glory Spring, 30.

Motorists, advice to, 432.

Mt. Adams, 235.

Mt. Assiniboine, 412.

Mt. Baker, 121, 403.

Mt. Cleveland, 358.

Mt. Cougar, 233.

Mt. Dana, 65, 92.

Mt. Evans, 403.

Mt. Everts, 63, 441.

Mt. Gibbs, 65.

Mt. Haleakala, 222, 227, 228, 503, 504.

Mt. Hoffman, 88, 91, 357.

Mt. Hood, 404.

Mt. Jackson, 151, 155.

Mt. Lady Washington, 186.

Mt. Lyell, 65, 357.

Mt. McGregor, 403.

Mt. McKinley, 248-50.

Mount McKinley National Park, description, 248-50;
in table, 402;
guide to, 505.

Mt. Mauna Loa, 222, 224-27, 502-04.

Mt. Mazama, 137-42.

Mt. Meany, 233.

Mt. Meeker, 178, 179.

Mt. Mitchell, 403.

Mt. Olympus, 232.

Mount Olympus National Monument, description, 230-35;
in table, 411;
guide to, 512.

Mt. Rainier, size and altitude, 116;
a volcano, 117, 119;
a source of inspiration, 120;
discovery and exploration, 120-22;
timber-line, 129;
glaciers, 130-34;
snowfall, 134, 135;
streams and erosion, 135, 136;
climbing, 356, 465-68.

Mount Rainier National Park, area, 116;
additions suggested, 117, 266;
roads and trails, 117, 118;
creation, 122;
wild-flower garden, 122-30, 348;
trees, 129, 130;
animal life, 130;
in table, 401;
guide to, 460-69.
_See also_ Mt. Rainier.

Mt. Revelstoke, 260.

Mt. Robson, 413.

Mt. St. Elias, 266.

Mt. St. Helens, 235.

Mt. Seattle, 233.

Mt. Shasta, 404.

Mt. Sheridan, 357.

Mt. Sir Donald, 412.

Mt. Stephen, 258.

Mt. Tahoma. _See_ Mt. Rainier.

Mt. Temple, 412.

Mt. Thielson, 147.

Mt. Washburn, 357.

Mt. Watkins, 69.

Mt. Whitney, 100, 101, 357, 358.

Mountaineers Club, 232.

Mountains, higher regions of, 340-51;
high peaks, 356-59.

Muir, John, 71, 87, 90, 103, 276, 313, 387;
quoted, 42, 43, 50, 69, 70, 89, 97, 110, 127, 190, 362;
his story of an Englishman at Yosemite, 94, 95;
and the Hetch-Hetchy fight, 95;
on the Big Tree, 108-10;
sketch of, 360-65.

Muir Grove, 457.

Muir National Park, proposed, 103.

Muir Woods, 406, 512.

Mukuntuweap Cañon, 239-41.

Mukuntuweap National Monument, description, 239-41;
in table, 406;
guide to, 512.

Muldrow Glacier, 249.

Mummy Lake, 174.

Mummy Range, 187.

Nakimu marble caves, 412.

National Academy of Science, 277.

National Monument, Mount Olympus, 230-35;
Mukuntuweap, 239-41;
Natural Bridges, 236-39;
Rainbow Bridge, 236-39.
_See also table and data_, 405-11, 510-14.

National Monuments, administration, 280, 281;
table of, 405-11;
data concerning the several, 510-14.

National Park, Casa Grande Ruin, 245, 246, 402, 508;
Crater Lake, 137-47, 401, 470-74;
General Grant, 99, 100, 105, 401, 459;
Glacier, 148-60, 402, 475-87;
Hawaii, 221-29, 402, 502-04;
Hot Springs, 246, 247, 400, 506, 507;
Lassen Volcanic, 211-20, 402, 500, 501;
Mesa Verde, 161-74, 401, 488-90;
Mount McKinley, 248-50, 402, 505;
Mount Rainier, 116-36, 401, 460-69;
Platt, 248, 402, 509;
Rocky Mountain, 175-89, 402, 491-94;
Sequoia, 99-115, 401, 455-58;
Sully's Hill, 244, 245, 402, 509;
Wind Cave, 242-44, 402, 508;
Yellowstone, 3-62, 400, 433-43;
Yosemite, 65-98, 401, 444-54.

National Park Mountain, 4.

National Parks, origin, 3, 4;
needs, 264;
advantages, 264, 265;
new Parks proposed, 266-69;
development needed, 269-72;
as distinguished from National Forests, 272-77;
importance of separate management, 277, 278;
administrative history, 278-80;
and the National Monuments, 280, 281;
as wild-life sanctuaries, 296-316;
physical, mental, and moral benefits from, 333, 334, 338;
immortal, 339;
educational value, 366-77;
our need of, 378-87;
table of, 400-02;
table of proposed Parks, 403, 404.

Natural Bridge, Yoho Park, 257.

Natural Bridges National Monument, description, 236-39;
in table, 407;
guide to, 513.

Navajo National Monument, 408, 513.

Nevada Falls, 86, 453.

Niagara Falls, 404.

Nisqually Glacier, 118, 131-33.

Nolen, John, 276;
quoted, 276.

Nonnezoshie Bridge, 238.

Nordenskjöld, Baron, 169.

North Carolina, 268.

North Dome, 69, 452.

North Specimen Mountain, 326.

Nyack River, 157.

Obsidian Cliff, 436.

Odel, Maud Gardner, poem, 374.

Odessa Lake, 187.

Ohanapecosh Valley, 465.

Old Inspiration Point, 452.

Old Kasaan National Monument, 513.

Olmsted, Frederic Law, quoted, 274, 275.

Olympic Mountains, 230-36.

Olympic National Monument. _See_ Mount Olympus National Monument.

Olympic National Park, proposed, 230, 236.

Oregon Caves, 410, 513.

Ottertail Range, 412.

Ottertail Valley, 412.

Owachomo Bridge, 237, 238.

Ozark Mountains, 403.

"Paint-Pots," in Yellowstone Park, 42.

Pajarito cliff cities, 403.

Panorama Point, 452.

Papago Saguaro National Monument, 408, 513.

Paradise Glacier, 133.

Paradise Park, 123, 131, 464-66.

Parsons, Edward T., 90.

Parsons Memorial Lodge, 90-93

Peak Success, 119.

Perdrix Mountain, 253.

Peterson, William, 25.

Petrified Forest National Monument, 408, 513.

Phantom Ship, 145.

Pierre's Hole, 15.

Pike's Peak, 330, 403.

Pine, lodge-pole, 52.

Pine, sugar, 78.

Pine, yellow, 78, 79.

Pinnacles National Monument, 406, 513.

Piute Indians, legend, 378.

Platt National Park, 248, 402, 509.

Point Sublime, 193.

Pollock, W. C., 159.

Pomeroy, Samuel Clarke, 6.

Porcupine, 307.

Potts, John, 17.

Poudre Lakes, 325.

Powell, Major John W., 206.

President Range, 412.

Prismatic Lake, 30.

Profile Cliff, 452.

Ptarmigan, 311, 312.

Puget Sound, 235.

Pulpit Rock, Yosemite, 452.

Punch-Bowl Falls, 253.

Pyramid Rock, 134.

Raeburn, D. L., 249.

Railroad routes and fares, 425-31.

Rainbow Bridge, 238.

Rainbow Bridge National Monument, description, 236-39;
in table, 407;
guide to, 514.

Rainier, Peter, 120.

Rainstorm, joy in a, 323, 324.

Raker, John E., 219.

Ramparts Ridge, 464.

Red Eagle Mountain, 155.

Red Eagle River, 156.

Redwood Meadow, 101.

Reservation, Casa Grande Ruin, 245, 246, 402, 508;
Hot Springs, 246, 247, 400, 506, 507.

Revelstoke Park, description, 260;
in table, 412;
guide to, 518, 519.

Rhyolite, 38, 39, 140.

Ribbon Falls, 86, 453.

Roche Miette, 253.

Rocky Mountain National Park, character, 175-77;
area and altitude, 177;
mountains, 178-80;
glaciation, 180, 181;
lakes, 180, 187, 188;
wild flowers, 181, 182;
animal life, 183, 184;
trees, 184;
timber-line, 184, 185;
points of interest, 186-89;
addition in 1917, 188 and note;
a hunting-contest in, 297, 298;
bighorn in, 307;
flowers on highest peaks, 347;
regions above timber-line in, 348;
in table, 402;
guide to, 491-94.

_Rocky Mountain Wonderland, The_, quoted, 273, 345.

Rocky Mountains Park, Alberta, description, 254-56;
in tables, 412;
guide to, 515, 516.

Rogers Pass, 412.

Roosevelt Project, 404.

Royal Arches, 69.

St. Anthony, Idaho, 15.

St. John, N.B., 262.

St. Lawrence Islands Park, 261, 413, 520.

St. Mary's Lake, 154, 155.

St. Vrain River, 323.

San Juan Mountains, 404, 488.

Savage, Major James D., 94.

Sawtooth Mountains, 403.

Scenery, value of, 277, 278.

Screech, Joseph, 95.

Schultz, James Willard, 157, 158.

Selkirk Mountains, 412.

Sentinel Dome, 453.

Sentinel Falls, 88.

Sentinel Rock, 68.

Sequoia. _See_ Big Tree.

Sequoia National Park, area and topography, 99-103;
the Big Trees of, 104-15, 282, 286;
in table, 401;
guide to, 455-58.

Sheep, mountain, 188, 189, 306, 307;
a case of tameness, 300.

Sheldon, Charles, 250.

Sherman, Mrs. John D., 276, 277.

Ship Rock, 162.

Shoshone Cavern, 406, 514.

Shoshone Lake, 36.

Siberian Plateau, 101.

Sierra Club, 94.

Sierra Madre Mountains, 404.

Sierra Nevada. _See_ Yosemite National Park _and_ Sequoia National Park.

Sieur de Monts National Monument, 409, 514.

Sipapu Bridge, 237.

Sitka National Monument, 407, 514.

Smith, Miss Edna, quoted, 327-31.

Snag Lake, 214.

Snow, banners of, 322.

Snowpeak Avenue, 257.

Snow-plant, 81.

Snowstorm, climbing above a, 317-19.

Soda Springs, 90-93.

Solitaire, 291, 292, 311.

Specimen Mountain, 179, 188, 189.

Specimen Ridge, Yellowstone Park, 441.

Sperry Glacier, 151, 485.

Sprague's Glacier, 180, 187.

Spray Park, 123.

Springs, hot, of Yellowstone Park, 28-32, 39, 439;
of Lassen Volcanic Park, 217, 219.

Stanford Point, 453.

Steele, William G., 146.

Stevens, Gen. Hazard, 121.

Stevenson, Robert Louis, quoted, 362, 381, 382.

Stewart, George W., 100.

Stimpson, Harry L., 157.

Stone, Julius F., 207;
quoted, 207-09.

Stump Lake, 216, 218.

Sully's Hill, 245.

Sully's Hill National Park, description, 244, 245;
guide to, 509.

Sulphur Mountain, 254.

Summerland, 123.

Swift Current Pass, 154.

Sylvan Lake, 44.

Sylvan Pass, 44.

Tahoma, Indian name for Mt. Rainier, 120.

Tahoma Glaciers, 134.

Tahosa Valley, 186.

Takakkaw Fall, 257.

Tehipitee Dome, 102.

Tenaya Cañon, 69.

Terraces, in Yellowstone Park, 438.

Teton Mountains, 44.

Thousand Islands, 261, 262, 520.

Three Brothers, 68.

Three Forks, 17, 21.

Thurston, L. A., 229.

Timber-line, 340-45;
in Rocky Mountain National Park, 184, 185;
the regions above, 345-51.

Tinkham, A. W., 158.

Tioga Pass, 92.

Tioga Road, 90, 96.

Tonto National Monument, 409, 514.

Torrey's Peak, 330.

Trail, the, 388-93.

Trail Ridge, 180, 187.

_Training of the Human Plant, The_, quoted, 372, 373.

Trees, of Yellowstone Park, 51, 52;
of Yosemite Park, 76-79;
of Sequoia Park, 104-15;
of Mt. Rainier, 129, 130;
of Crater Lake Park, 145;
of the Olympic Mts., 233, 234.
_See also_ Forest _and_ Timber-line.

Triple Divide Peak, 156.

Trumbull, Walter, 5.

Tueeulala Falls, 86, 89.

Tumacacori National Monument, 406, 514.

Tuolumne Cañon, 93.

Tuolumne Grove, 77.

Tuolumne Meadows, 88, 90, 92.

Tuolumne River, 66, 88, 93.

Tuolumne Valley, 90.

Twin Lakes, B.C., 412.

Twin Lakes, Yellowstone Park, 436.

Twin Sister Peaks, 178, 188.

Two Ocean Glacier, 156.

Two Ocean Pass, 36, 155.

Two Ocean Pond, 36, 37.

Upper Geyser Basin, 438.

Usnea, 128.

Valerian, 124.

Valley of the Ten Peaks, 412.

Vancouver, George, 120, 230.

Van Dyke, John C., quoted, 209, 210.

Van Trump, P. B., 121.

Van Trump Park, 464.

Vernal Falls, 85, 86, 453.

Victoria Glacier, 412.

Villard, Henry, 121, 122.

Volcanoes, in Yellowstone Park, 38, 39, 45, 46, 50;
Mt. Rainier a sleeping volcano, 117, 126, 127;
Mt. Mazama, 138-44;
Lassen Peak, 211-15;
Cinder Cone, 216-18;
Kilauea, 222-24;
Mauna Loa, 222, 224-27;
Haleakala, 222, 227, 228.

Vulture Peak, 156.

Wainwright, Alberta, 261.

Walhalla Plateau, 192, 193.

Walker, Joseph R., 94.

Walnut Cañon, 411, 514.

Wapama Falls, 86, 89.

Warner Cañon, 214.

Washburn, Gen. Henry D., 26.

Washburn-Doane Expedition, 25, 26, 58.

Washington Column, 69, 453.

Water-ouzel, _or_ dipper, 313.

Waterton Lake, 149.

Waterton Lakes Park, description, 258-60;
in table, 413;
guide to, 519.

Waterton River, 259.

Wawona tree, 78.

Waxwings, 312, 313.

Wheeler National Monument, 410, 514.

White, Stewart Edward, quoted, 273, 274.

Wickersham, James, 250.

Widow's Tears Falls, 453.

Wilbur Mountain, 149.

Wild Basin, 186.

Wind, pressure on waterfalls, 87;
a high wind on Long's Peak, 320-22.

Wind Cave, 242, 243.

Wind Cave National Park, description, 242-44;
guide to, 508.

Winthrop, Theodore, 120;
quoted, 120, 121, 128, 358, 359.

Winthrop Glacier, 133.

Wizard Island, 144, 145.

Wood, petrified, 45-50.

Woodcraft, suggestions, 335-38.

Yellowhead Pass, 253.

Yellowstone Cañon, 38, 39, 41.

Yellowstone Lake, 36, 40.

Yellowstone National Park, origin, 3-8;
discoveries and explorations of the region, 10-27;
Indian names for region, 11;
geysers and springs, 28-35, 39;
lakes, 36;
streams, 36, 37;
greatest attractions, 38;
geology, 38-50;
John Muir on, 42, 43;
petrified forests, 45-50;
area, 51;
trees, 51, 52;
wild flowers, 52;
animal life, 53;
entrances, 53;
road-system, 54;
administrative history, 54-58;
experience of Truman C. Everts, 58-64;
as a wild-life sanctuary, 305;
improper feeding of bears in, 315;
shipments of animals from, 315;
act of dedication, 397-99;
in table, 400;
guide to, 433-43.

Yellowstone River, 38, 41.

Yoho Park, description, 256-58;
in table, 412;
guide to, 516, 517.

Yoho Valley, 257.

Yosemite Creek, 86, 87.

Yosemite Falls, 69, 85-87, 453.

_Yosemite Flora, A_, by H. M. and C. C. Hall, quoted, 82, 83.

Yosemite National Park, area and topography, 65;
general features, 65-70;
geology, 70-76;
trees, 76-79;
shrubs, 79;
wild flowers, 79-83;
waterfalls, 83-88;
what to see in, 88-93;
history, 93-98;
in table, 401;
guide to, 444-54.

Yosemite Point, 453.

Yosemite Valley, 67-73, 75, 88, 94, 95, 97, 100.

Yosemite Village, 96.

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